Boletus appendiculatus (Butyriboletus appendiculatus). Evaluation of the taste qualities of boletus

Name Boletus maidens.
Latin name: Butyriboletus appendiculatus.
Other names: Shortened boletus, Brown-yellow boletus, Ovary, Adnexal boletus.
Department: Basidiomycota.
Class: Agaricomycetes.
Order: Boletovye.
Family: Boletovye.
Genus: Butribaletus.

Edible mushroom.

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Edible mushroom.

Scientific synonyms

Boletus appendiculatus Schaeff., Fung. bavar. palat. nasc. (Ratisbonae) 4:86 (1774)
Boletus radicans var. appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Pers., Syn. meth. fung. (Göttingen) 2: 507 (1801)
Dictyopus appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 160 (1886)
Suillus appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 3(2): 535 (1898)
Tubiporus appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Maire, Publ. Inst. Bot. Barcelona 3(no. 4): 45 (1937)

Leg

55–155 mm high, 30–70 mm thick, barrel-shaped or cylindrical, tapering at the base, not hollow, the surface is yellow, brownish-red at the base, the surface has a whitish mesh pattern that darkens over time.

Spore powder

Olive brown.

Controversy

11–15 x 4–7 µm, ellipsoid-spindle-shaped, smooth, yellow.

Habitat

It grows singly or in small groups on the soil in deciduous forests, prefers calcareous soils, and forms mycorrhizal connections with oaks and beech.

The Royal Boletus (Butyriboletus regius) shares similarities with other related species such as the Royal Boletus (Butyriboletus regius) and the Fechtner's Boletus (Butyriboletus fechtneri).

The nutritional value

Delicious edible mushroom, used both fried and boiled, suitable for drying.

List of sources

Dermek A. Mushrooms. - Bratislava: Slovart, 1989. - P. 170 p. - 229 p.

Boletus (boletus, boletus) (Boletus) is a genus of mushrooms that belong to the kingdom Fungi, department Basidiomycetes, class Agaricomycetes, order Boletaceae, family Boletaceae. The name literally translates to "mushroom growing in coniferous forests" The porcini mushroom, one of the most common species of the boletaceae family, is often called boletus.

Boletus mushroom - description and photo. What does a boletus look like?

Boletus mushrooms have a massive body consisting of a cap and a very thick stalk. The round cap of the boletus often has the shape of a pillow. It can be velvety to the touch or completely smooth. The mushroom stem has a characteristic thickening at the bottom or in the middle. The surface of the leg is fibrous or covered with a mesh of scales, sometimes even. The flesh of the boletus is white or lemon-colored; when cut, it often turns blue, very rarely red, or remains white.

The pores of the fungus are yellow, red, sometimes white. The powder from the spores has a brown color of different tones.

What is the difference between porcini mushroom and boletus mushroom?

Boletus is a genus of mushroom.

Porcini mushroom is a type of mushroom that belongs to the boletus genus. Below are photographs of edible porcini mushrooms from this genus.

Where does boletus grow?

These mushrooms are distributed throughout to the globe. Boletus mushrooms grow in both coniferous and deciduous forests under oaks, hornbeams, beeches, chestnuts, pines, and spruces. They are found both singly and in groups.

Growing boletus

Growing boletus is a painstaking task that requires patience and special conditions. Thanks to biological properties the fungus needs a close connection with the root system of trees. For successful cultivation, you need to plant spruce, pine or birch trees on the site, then you can start breeding boletus in any of three ways:

1. Chopped boletus mushrooms are soaked in water for a day, mixed and filtered. The finished infusion containing boletus spores is carefully distributed under the trees.
2. In the forest, separate areas of earth containing mycelium are dug up. Under the trees in the garden, small depressions are made in the soil, where the mycelium is placed and covered with forest soil. The mycelium needs moderate watering.
3. The caps of overripe boletus mushrooms are cut into small slices and mixed with moistened soil, after which they are laid out under the trees.

With timely watering, you can get a harvest next year: first individual boletus mushrooms, then whole families.

Boletus mushroom: beneficial properties

Thanks exclusively useful composition, the boletus mushroom is actively used in medicine. Boletus contains a large number of vitamins A, B1, C and D, as well as riboflavin, which promotes nail and hair growth.

Boletus pulp is rich in calcium and iron, which are necessary for bones and joints. Powder made from boletus is used to prevent osteoporosis, treat anemia and maintain normal functioning of the heart muscle.

Used as food additives, boletus increases the hemoglobin content in the blood and improves immunity. Lecithin contained in boletus mushrooms prevents the deposition of cholesterol. Due to its high content of vitamins, the mushroom is used for vitamin deficiency and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Traditional medicine advises using boletus tinctures for sleep disturbances and increased nervous excitability.

Types of boletus

The boletus genus includes about 300 species, many of which are edible and even delicious:

• bronze boletus ( boletus aereus)

an edible mushroom with a bright brown, brown or almost black cap, up to 17 cm wide. The spherical cap at the beginning of growth becomes almost flat over time. This type of boletus grows in deciduous forests. The dense stem of the mushroom, shaped like a barrel or cylinder, may have a reddish color. The pulp is white and does not change color. The mushroom grows from late spring to October in deciduous forests of European territory and in North America;

• maiden boletus ( Boletus appendiculatus)

an edible mushroom with a brown-golden or reddish flat cap 7-20 cm wide. The lower part of the mesh stalk is strongly pointed. The pulp is light yellow and has a bluish tint, turning blue when cut. This boletus grows in mixed European forests from early summer to October;

• White mushroom oak, boletusreticulate (Boletus reticulatus)

edible mushroom with a large velvety cap up to 25 cm, brown, brown or yellow in color. The thick, fleshy, smooth leg of a young individual becomes covered with thin veins in maturity. Grows from May to mid-autumn in deciduous and mixed forests under beeches, oaks, chestnuts, hornbeams;

• white birch mushroom, or spikelet, (Boletus betulicola)

edible mushroom, cap diameter 5-15 cm, skin smooth or slightly wrinkled, flesh white and does not change color when cut. The leg is barrel-shaped, has a whitish-brown color and a white mesh in the upper part;

• Burroughs' boletus (Boletus barrowsii)

edible mushroom. The cap is convex or flat, the flesh is white and does not change color when cut. The leg is white, club-shaped, with a whitish mesh. Grows in North America in deciduous and coniferous forests;

• bicolor boletus (Boletus bicolor)

edible mushroom. The cap is pink-red in color, the flesh is yellow and turns blue when cut. The leg is the color of the cap. Grows in eastern North America;

• White mushroom (Boletus edulis)

edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap is 7-30 cm, usually convex. The skin color ranges from white to red-brown. The pulp is white, turns yellow with age, and does not change color when cut. The stalk of the porcini mushroom is club-shaped or barrel-shaped, has a whitish or brownish color;

• Fechtner's boletus (Boletus fechtneri)

edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap is 5-15 cm. The flesh is white, and may turn blue in air. The flesh of the leg may have a reddish tint. The leg is yellow and has a mesh;

• Semi-white mushroom, yellowjacket (Boletus impolitus)

edible mushroom. The diameter of the cap is 5-15 cm. The pulp is white or light yellow. When cut, the color of the pulp does not change. The leg has a thickening at the bottom and is rough to the touch. The top of the leg has a straw color, the bottom of the leg may have a reddish tint.

Poisonous boletus - varieties

Among 300 known species boletus mushrooms there are inedible and also dangerous to health representatives similar to the edible boletus mushroom:

• purple boletus ( Boletus purpureus)

a poisonous mushroom with a characteristic convex cap with jagged edges, covered with black spots. The pulp turns blue when cut, and after a while turns red. Mushroom growing on calcareous soil deciduous forests;

• Boletus Le Gal ( Boletus legaliae)

poisonous, toxic mushroom, distinguished by a smooth pinkish-orange cap. On the upper half of the leg there is a pronounced red mesh. The pulp is white or light yellow, turning blue when cut. Grows in deciduous forests of Europe;

• beautiful-legged boletus(Beautiful) (Boletus calopus)

inedible mushroom, with a wrinkled, dry, matte cap. The pointed leg is lemon-yellow at the top, red in the middle, turning brown. The pulp has a bitter taste and turns blue when cut. Found everywhere in mixed forests of the European part of Russia;

• beautiful boletus ( Boletus pulcherrimus)

poisonous mushroom. The cap has a hemispherical shape and is reddish or olive-brown in color. The pulp is yellow, turns blue when cut. The leg is reddish-brown, has a dark red mesh underneath;

• satanic mushroom ( boletus satanas)

poisonous mushroom. The cap is hemispherical in shape, the flesh is yellowish or white, and turns red or blue when cut. The leg is barrel-shaped, tapering downward. The color of the leg is red-yellowish on top, bright red or orange in the middle, and brownish-yellow below. Satanic mushroom grows in deciduous forests.

Boletus appendix ( lat. Boletus appendiculatus) - tubular, edible mushroom of the genus Borovik ( Boletus) family Boletaceae ( Boletaceae). A rare mushroom that grows from June to September in deciduous and mixed forests.

Other names

Maiden's boletus, Short boletus, Reddish boletus, Brown-yellow boletus, Ovary.

hat

The diameter of the Boletus adnexus cap is from 70 to 200 mm. IN at a young age The mushroom cap has a semicircular shape. As the mushroom ages, it becomes convex. The surface is velvety, matte, becomes bare with age, slightly longitudinally fibrous. The peel is practically not removed. The Boletus cap is appendage yellow-brown, red-brown and brown-brown in color.

The tubes are dense, up to 40 mm in length. The pores are small and rounded. The color of the tubes in young mushrooms is golden-yellow; as the mushroom ages, they become golden-brown. When pressed, they acquire a bluish-greenish tint.

Spore powder, spores

The spores are smooth, ellipsoid-fusiform. Spore size is 10-15 x 4-6 microns. They have a honey-yellow color. Spore powder is olive-brown.

Leg

Leg height from 60 to 120 mm, diameter from 20 to 30 mm, cylindrical or club-shaped. The base of the leg is conically pointed, rooted in the ground. The leg of the boletus is reticulated; as the mushroom ages, the reticulated pattern disappears. The color of the leg closer to the cap is lemon-yellow, red-brown towards the bottom.

Pulp

The pulp is dense, intense yellow. The base of the stalk is brownish or pinkish-brown. Has a nice mushroom taste and aroma. It turns blue when cut.

When and where does it grow?

Rare mushroom. Prefers to grow in groups of 3 to 7 pieces. Boletus adnexum is found mainly in deciduous and mixed forests from June to September. Likes to grow in regions with a moderately warm climate. Forms mycorrhiza with oaks, hornbeams and beeches. Also noted in the mountains among fir trees. The literature notes an attachment to calcareous soil.

Eating

Delicious edible mushroom. Suitable for all types of processing.

The boletus mushroom is one of the most common species of the Boletaceae family. Among the most common types of boletus are the white oak mushroom (sometimes called the reticulated boletus), the bronze boletus and the maiden boletus. All these mushrooms have long been used as food, and in our times they are a delicacy, since their distribution halo has significantly decreased.

Below you will find a photo and description of the boletus mushroom, information about where they grow and recommendations for using these mushrooms in cooking.

What does a bronze boletus look like?

Cap of the bronze boletus (Boletus aereus) (diameter 6-16 cm): brown or brown, often almost black. It has the shape of a hemisphere; in old mushrooms it becomes flat.

Leg (height 6-12.5 cm): lighter than the cap, sometimes reddish in color. It has a cylindrical shape, less often club- or barrel-shaped, dense and hard. Tapers slightly from bottom to top.

Tubular layer: light brown or beige, turns greenish when pressed. Depending on the age of the mushroom, it can be creamy or yellowish in color. The pores are very small, round in shape.

Pay attention to the photo and description of boletus pulp: like the white one oak mushroom, it is white, dense and very fleshy.

When it grows: from late May to early October in Europe and North America.

Where can I find: in deciduous warm forests (oak, beech, hornbeam).

Eating: has excellent taste properties in any form - boiled, fried, dried, salted.

Not applicable.

Other names: dark bronze porcini mushroom, copper porcini mushroom, hornbeam porcini mushroom, chestnut porcini mushroom, oak mushroom, rudiak. You can judge what this species of boletus looks like by its French name: in France, in addition to the traditional “bronze boletus,” the mushroom has a name, in Lately, prohibited in European literature, is “the head of a Negro” (tete de negre).

According to the description, the bronze boletus mushroom is similar to gall fungus(Tylopilus felleus), but its tubular layer has a pinkish tint.

Boletus mushroom

As you can see in the photo, the mushroom boletus(Boletus appendiculatus) has a cap with a diameter of 7-18 cm. Its color is brown-golden, less often with a reddish tint, almost flat, sometimes slightly convex in the center. The edges are usually slightly curved inward.

Leg (height 8-16 cm): lighter than the cap, along its entire length with a yellowish mesh, which is practically absent in old mushrooms. The lower part is strongly pointed.

Tubular layer: bright yellow.

Pay attention to the photo of boletus pulp: it is lemon-colored and turns a little blue when pressed or at the cut site. Very dense. Has a pleasant aroma.

Cap of the net boletus (Boletus reticulatus) (diameter 7-25 cm): from yellow to brownish brown. In young mushrooms it is hemispherical, becoming convex over time. Velvety to the touch.

Leg (height 3-11 cm): yellowish or light brown, lighter than the cap, usually with a network of small veins, but in young mushrooms it can be almost smooth. Tapers from bottom to top, thick, dense and fleshy.

The photo of the white oak mushroom shows that its tubular layer changes color depending on the age of the mushroom from white to greenish or olive. The pores are large and round.

Pulp: white, dense and very meaty, with a sweet, nutty flavor.

Doubles: edible representatives of the Boletaceae family and gall mushroom(Tylopilus felleus), which has a dark mesh on the stalk, as well as a pinkish tubular layer.

When it grows: from the end of May to mid-autumn in Krasnodar region and neighboring republics of Russia, as well as in the countries of the Eurasian continent with temperate climate. Less common in North America and North Africa.

Where can I find: on alkaline soils of deciduous forests, most often near beeches or chestnuts, and from mushrooms - with oak.

Eating: in almost any form - boiled, fried, dried or salted.

Application in folk medicine: does not apply.

Other names: white oak mushroom, white summer mushroom, reticulated boletus.

• Division: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
• Order: Boletales
• Family: Boletaceae
• Genus: Butyriboletus (Butyriboletus)
• View: Butyriboletus appendiculatus (Boletus appendiculatus)

Other names for the mushroom:

Other names:

• Maiden's boletus

• Boletus shortened

• Reddish boletus

• Boletus brown-yellow

• Ovary

• Boletus appendiculatus

Description:
The cap of the boletus appendage is yellow-brown, red-brown, brownish-brown, at first velvety, pubescent and matte, later bare, slightly longitudinally fibrous. In young people fruiting bodies semicircular, later convex, 7-20 cm in diameter, with a thick (up to 4 cm) crumb, the top skin is practically not removed.

The pores are rounded, small, golden-yellow in young mushrooms, later golden-brown, and when pressed they acquire a bluish-greenish tint.

Spores are 10-15 x 4-6 microns, ellipsoid-fusiform, smooth, honey-yellow. Spore powder is olive-brown.

The leg of the British boletus is reticulate, lemon-yellow, red-brown at the bottom, cylindrical or club-shaped, 6-12 cm long and 2-3 cm thick, turns moderately blue when touched. The base of the leg is conically pointed, rooted in the ground. The mesh pattern disappears in old age.

The pulp is dense, intensely yellow, brownish or pinkish-brown at the base of the stem, blue in the cap (mainly above the tubes), blue when cut, with a pleasant taste and smell.

Spreading:
The mushroom is rare. It grows, as a rule, in groups, from June to September, primarily in regions with a moderately warm climate in deciduous and mixed forests, mainly under oaks, hornbeams and beeches; it is also recorded in the mountains among fir trees. The literature notes an attachment to calcareous soil.

Similarities:
Boletus adnexata are similar to edible ones:

Which can be distinguished by a light ocher cap, a black-brown leg at the bottom and a carbolic smell.

Grade:
Delicious edible mushroom.

Note:
The generic name Boletus is derived from bolos in Greek. lump of clay; also bolites Greek. edible mushroom.
appendiculatus, -a, -um lat. from appendicula lat. small addition, increase + -atus final element with quality value. Also appendix, -icis lat. 1) addition; 2) appendage, process; 3) appendix.