What is a high level of self-organization. Manifestation of the effect of self-organization in groups of people

In achieving professional heights, the fundamental factor that forms the lines of success is the self-organization of the individual.

Clear and thoughtful actions help to gradually move forward, minimizing setbacks in business, work and personal life.

Engage in self-organization of activities by working on yourself

The life of every person consists of characteristic habits, under the influence of which we perform actions and. Accordingly, in order to achieve visible changes, we need leverage aimed at the area of ​​habits.

To understand in what ways we can influence ourselves, let's deal with the term "habit".

A habit is a regular repetition of an action that is periodic. Actions performed intuitively, on a subconscious level. Habit building is rewarding and rewarding. The main thing is not to confuse which habits should be cultivated, and which ones should be gradually abandoned or transformed into those that are beneficial to you.

The habits on which the self-organization of the individual depends are traditionally divided into two types:

• bad habits. An example is the banal habit of postponing the alarm clock, thanks to which, we all once were late, received a reprimand, or did not have time to do important things.
• good habits. Complete opposite. The body, accustomed to the chosen rhythm of life, has a natural self-regulation. So, one day, forgetting to set an alarm clock, you will be able to wake up, thanks to the habit of getting up at a certain time, which the body has learned.

Now attention!

Use the rules of self-organization of the individual, work on yourself, develop yourself, refuse inefficient ways of building work, and these skills will greatly elevate in the eyes of management.

Work on yourself, arrangement of life and business can be carried out more efficiently if you know bases of self-organization of personality.

Self-organization is a conscious emotional, moral and volitional character traits in activities that are aimed at resolving, developing personally significant tasks.

A self-organized personality optimally perceives the influence of the external environment, adapting (transforming) them into its own internal need-motivational sphere.

The priority role here is played by the social environment, as well as the conditions for the development of the ability (potential) of self-organization.

The main qualities inherent in a person with a high level of self-organization are:

• self confidence,
• creative independence of thought,
• lack of anxiety about their prestige, image, reputation.

The existing ones allow you to effectively perform certain types of activities:

• work related to the processes of folding (generalization), information transfer;
• self-checking of the obtained results (repetition, comparison, analysis),
• aimed at personal cultural improvement (saving).

Self-organization is also an ability of an individual that has an intellectual-volitional orientation and is developed in activity.

In addition, self-organization consists in the activity of the individual for a clear own life activity; in the ability, the ability to organize oneself.

Such self-organization is manifested in introspection, purposefulness, self-esteem, strict self-control, self-restraint. A self-organizing person knows how to live rationally:

• plan time, work, rest, employment;
• make decisions quickly, implement them,
• spend energy (force), money, time sparingly.

A self-organized personality is constantly, by its own character, emotional-volitional sphere. Such a person has a high sense of duty, highly developed personal dignity.

You can learn self-organization at special courses, trainings or by reading relevant literature (on self-improvement, self-development).

In general bases of self-organization of personality can be reduced to the following rules:

• know how to correctly determine your purpose (what is worth devoting life to);
• define vital goals;
• highlight long-term and short-term plans (goals);
• plan working time (start a diary and constantly enter into it all the planned, planned, necessary events);
• plan rest (work should always alternate with a good rest). An exhausted, worn-out body will not bring sufficient benefits. In addition, it is more susceptible to morbidity;
• study your own biorhythms (biological clock) - the phases of activity, fatigue, sleep, wakefulness. Distribute your time, activities, rest according to these periods. After all, this is logical;
• learn from mistakes (this is a great tool for working on mistakes);
• find internal motives for any business, so it will become more productive;
• believe in yourself, your abilities, your own value and significance;
• look for like-minded people - many people need psychological support, moral help, "collective intelligence" in solving problems.

In this way, bases of self-organization of personality everyone needs to know. Without them, we waste a lot of time in vain, spending it on long swinging and aimless wandering. Rationalism is here

Work plan

Introduction

The concept of self-organization

Types of self-organization

The effect of self-organization in groups of people

Using the effect of self-organization in raising the level of organization

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

self-organization organization team

Introduction

The concept of "organization" is usually used in several senses. As a managerial function, it means, firstly, the creation of an organization. Any organization consists of a material basis and a social component - people. Secondly, it is also the process of organizational activity, merging with the concept of "management".

Self-organization and organization are two complementary processes. An example of this is the demographic system, in which the dialectical unity of organization and self-organization is most clearly manifested.

Self-organization differs from the process of organization in that the essence of the process here is explained by the nature of the system itself (and not by the action of external factors). That is, an organization as a system is called self-organizing if it acquires a certain spatial, temporal or functional structure without additional external influence. Self-organization as a phenomenon of open systems is studied by such a science as synergy.

Synergetics is a scientific discipline that considers the regularities of the processes of system integration and self-organization in various systems.

The key concept of synergetics is the concept of an open system, i.e. systems that exchange matter, energy and information with other systems. On this basis, open systems include both enterprises, and the market, and a person, and society. It is believed that open systems are capable of self-development and progress, while closed systems are not.

Self-organization in social systems is fundamentally different from self-organization in nature, since the main distinguishing feature of society is the presence of a person who has consciousness and, accordingly, is capable of purposeful activity.

Self-organization is a historical phenomenon, because, in fact, society first “self-organized” and only then did states arise on the basis of self-organization.

Self-organization is manifested in the fact that in every person, in every employee, member of the labor collective there are enormous creative possibilities not only for fulfilling labor tasks, but also for establishing the very process of organizing work, the ability to manage one’s potential not according to instructions from above, but based on one’s own goals.

The concept of self-organization

Self-organization is a purposeful process during which the organization of a complex dynamic system is created, reproduced or improved.

The properties of self-organization reveal objects of various nature: a cell, an organism, a biological population, a biogeocenosis, a human collective. The term "self-organizing system" was introduced by the English cyberneticist W. R. Ashby (1947).

Self-organization processes are processes that occur on their own, due to interaction with the environment, but not dependent on it.

Self-organization can be considered as a process and as a phenomenon. As a process, self-organization consists in the formation, maintenance or elimination of a set of actions leading to the creation of sustainable, industrial and interpersonal relations in a team based on the free choice of accepted rules and procedures. As a phenomenon, self-organization is a set of elements that serve to implement a program or goal. These elements include informal governance structures, participants in this process, resources, etc.

self-organization can be personal and collective. Personal self-organization implemented: in planning the organization of the working day, working week, etc.; in the organization of personal hygiene, good nutrition and rest; in the control of personal feelings, reactions to ongoing events. Collective self-organization typical of social relations.

Self-organization is characterized by:

non-linearity;

many ways of implementation;

the need to launch the initial push;

Accumulation of information that allows learning in the social system.

The study of nature and society shows that many complex open systems consisting of a large number of subsystems are capable of self-organization and evolution under certain conditions. Living beings, their appearance and development on our planet can serve as an example.

One of the central problems is the problem of describing the process of self-organization, knowledge of the relationship between the processes of purposeful organization and self-organization.

The functions of self-organization include:

Spontaneous generation - the emergence of formations from a set of independent objects;

maintaining the existing organizational level of the system;

· Improving the organizational form on the basis of self-learning, taking into account previous experience.

The following conditions are necessary for the self-organization process:

The system must be open

the system must be far enough from the equilibrium point;

the order should be reinforced randomly;

The system must change under the influence of environmental factors.

Modern organizational science proceeds from the fact that no enterprise can develop under conditions of strict management, without elements of self-organization and self-government. Purposeful managerial activity should make decisions that expand the possibilities of self-regulation of the system. Increasing the role of self-organization, self-government and self-regulation in the economy is an inevitable consequence of the complication and acceleration of changing conditions.

Actually, self-organization and self-management are perceived by many as synonyms. At the same time, both scientists and practitioners emphasize the need to achieve a high level of development of the subject of management, which in itself is a recognition of the appropriate level of organization. A fairly simple study of the organization of an individual's behavior shows that for him self-organization is, most likely, one of the functions of manifestation of self-government and, therefore, is not carried out independently.

The patterns of development of modern innovative business allow us to talk about the predominance of the trend of self-organization, the desire of companies to use the mechanisms of self-organization. Modern corporations rely on flexible partnerships. The practice of successful companies has proved that in a number of cases, the less regulated the program and structure of the control object, the higher its ability to adapt to real conditions, to self-regulation. However, it is necessary to emphasize the secondary nature of self-organization and self-government in relation to the regulated processes of organization and management.

Self-organization can be allowed in limited doses, at a certain (not the highest) level of the hierarchy, in the specific context of the needs of the organizational structure.

Types of self-organization

Depending on the control object, there are technical, biological and social self-organization.

Technical self-organization as a process is an automatic change in the program of action when the properties of the controlled object, the control goal or environmental parameters change (for example, a missile homing system, self-tuning of software resources of modern computing systems). Such self-organization occurs in case of failure of any device. Then another duplicating device or a new scheme of interaction of elements is connected to replace it.

Biological self-organization how the process is an action based on the genetic program for the conservation of the species and is designed to ensure the somatic (bodily) construction of the object. As a phenomenon, biological self-organization is specific changes in wildlife (mutations) to adapt to specific conditions of existence.

Social self-organization how the process is based on activities to harmonize social relations, including actions to change the priorities of needs and interests, values, motives and goals of a person and a team. The results of social self-organization can be an increase in prestige, improved health, the acquisition of informal sources of information, better organization of labor, an increase in wages, etc. The carriers of social self-organization are people with increased social responsibility for the actions of their relatives, acquaintances and strangers.

The effect of self-organization in groups of people

According to modern concepts, the effect of self-organization is the effect of increasing performance through the use of interconnection and mutual reinforcement of various types of activities.

Within the framework of human life, the effect of self-organization is of great importance. Below I will give the basic principles of self-organization of the collective activity of people:

1. The presence of a common interest among many people, which interest allows us to talk about the transformation of a multitude into a group.

2. The agreement of the members of this group with the fact that through collective activity it is possible to achieve greater labor productivity and greater results than if everyone works alone.

3. The agreement of the group members that the product obtained as a result of collective labor will bring sufficient benefit to each member of the group and will allow the group to develop group activities. The very process of distribution of the resulting product is quite transparent, allowing members of the group to see the role of their own and others not only in the production process, but also in the distribution process.

4. The ability of the group to constructively and within sufficient time to solve problems and contradictions that arise in the process of activity.

5. Consent of group members with the distribution of roles in collective activities, including their place in the collective process.

In the process of self-organization, there is a selection of habits, skills, norms of behavior that make it possible to adapt to a particular environment.

Self-organization in teams is usually considered as a specific process in the organization. A team of people self-organizes when it develops for no apparent external reasons - it changes the level of its organization, creates some functions, processes, structures within itself.

Self-organization is the ability of people to recognize the existence of not only their own, but also common interests and act in these interests.

The effect of self-organization in a team of people is manifested in:

formation of a moral and psychological climate;

decisions are made by brainstorming;

mentoring, supporting young professionals;

self-regulation, conflict resolution;

election of representatives of groups to participate in collective events;

Formation of a collective opinion.

An example of the self-organization of a collective is the free market - the most complex self-regulating system, with the help of which billions of people located in different parts of the Earth and unaware of each other's existence coordinate their efforts.

Another example is the formation of research teams, where the active creative work of the majority of employees must be combined with the ability to jointly solve major problems. Such a team must be stable and quickly respond to everything new.

Musicians demonstrate an example of self-organization. The next soloist controls the performance of the melody, and the rest of the musicians coordinate their actions with him.

Self-organization can be observed in small teams. For example, in a tourist group, if it consists of experienced tourists who have not assigned roles in advance.

An example of self-organization is information infrastructures that develop within and between countries. This means that the spread of personal computers and the development of electronic communication via the Internet has led to the possibility of free and spontaneous exchange and dissemination of information throughout the planet, greatly expanding the possibilities of self-organization of various teams.

Self-organizing companies attract highly motivated employees who are not easy to find. For example, in the corporation "Google" most of the specialists are approved by the founders of the company and each of the potential colleagues.

Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, became in a short time the richest man in the world, because he built the motivation of employees according to the laws of the self-organization process.

In general, self-organization is a concept that is positively perceived by most people. However, like any objective phenomenon, it should not be assessed as either "good" or "bad". An example of this is corruption, a negatively perceived phenomenon.

A high degree of self-organization of the team is fraught with excessive closeness. Self-organization of a group (collective) should be carried out within the framework of compliance with external, common for the organization, norms and rules.

Using the effect of self-organization in raising the level of organization

The efficiency of the enterprise and its ability to develop primarily depend on the perfection of the organizational mechanisms that make up the structure of its internal organization.

In order to increase the efficiency of enterprises, it is necessary to move away from strong-willed forms of management and regulation. Not the personal qualities of the leader, but the organizational structure should ensure the ability and desire of the enterprise to develop and adapt to external conditions.

Each organization is primarily a team, but a team of workers is only one element of the organization as a system, the organization contains many other structural elements:

Personnel potential (team)

Scientific potential

Microclimate in the team

The composition of the goals of the system

The effect of self-organization (positive or negative) arises as a result of the interaction of all the constituent elements of the organization, i.e. if the structural elements do not correspond to each other, then a negative synergistic effect occurs, if they are adequate, a positive one. For example, if there is a discrepancy between the types of equipment (outdated and new), a negative synergistic effect arises, and the total result of all equipment will be much less than separately, or the equipment is new - and the employees are unskilled - also a negative synergistic effect.

Another example is the constant changes in the composition of personnel. If the management does not know about the existence of the self-organization effect, then when hiring a new employee, the administration will pay more attention to the professional qualities of the employee, and if it knows, then not only to professional, but also to those qualities that form the compatibility of the employee with other employees (level of knowledge may be high, but due to other qualities, he will not fit into the team and will not be able to fully express himself, and other employees may have difficulties).

In practice, self-government and self-organization are formed, function and develop jointly, jointly or interacting. To ensure this, it is important to carry out their purposeful synthesis in the management loop of each enterprise, association as a social organization. This is especially clearly seen in the example of the formation and development of corporate interaction in the organization.

In every company, firm, along with a purposeful organization, which is carried out with the help of instructions, documents, plans, regulations, instructions, there are always “self-organization” processes associated with the system properties of the organization as a whole, with synergistic effects.

The patterns of development of modern innovative business allow us to speak about the predominance of the trend of self-organization, the desire of companies to use the mechanisms of self-organization. Self-organization and self-management are playing an increasing role in modern world-class companies.

On the one hand, the effects of self-organization are achieved with the help of informal cooperation, unauthorized activities, on the other hand, with the help of a clearly defined goal and purposeful, well-organized actions of managers.

The desire to use the effects of optimal "organization / self-organization" relations leads to the creation of new organizational forms, to various types of business associations and inter-firm alliances.

Self-organization in the workforce is:

 the ability to achieve the maximum effect at the lowest cost of energy, time, materials;

 correct use of time with the greatest result;

 a clear idea of ​​the purpose, meaning, order of implementation, priorities of work.

Self-organization and self-management play two important roles: - compensate for the uncovered areas of management in case of insufficiently professional management; - initiate the development of artificial (formal) management and organization.

The laws of self-organization make it possible to consciously organize production relations. The life of an organization is realized through the functioning of hundreds of interrelated processes. Financial flows, cash flow, document flow, decision-making procedures at different levels, etc., each of these processes has its own tasks, stages and goals. Thanks to the laws of synergetics, all processes in the organization acquire one or another degree of consonance, corresponding to the main goal of creating the organization.

To a greater extent, people in organizations obey these laws unconsciously, intuitively performing the necessary actions. The conscious use of these laws will improve the competitiveness of the organization and each employee by an order of magnitude. Here are some reserves to improve productivity and organizational viability:

knowledge of the possibilities to influence people, taking into account their way of making decisions, will speed up the processes of decision-making and execution of orders, will become an additional motivation factor;

selection of people with business qualities corresponding to the performance of work will increase the speed of work and increase employee motivation to work;

Formation in a working team of a self-sustaining system of relations with the help of the laws of synergetics will bring the team of departments and the company to the level of self-organization;

· mastering the art of personnel management through the use of the interconnection of the functions of planning, organization, control will allow you to quickly tune in to other activities and model joint activities.

career modeling taking into account business qualities will allow you to systematically increase the professionalism of employees and consolidate them in the team and. d.

Results: Using the laws of self-organization in business modeling will increase labor productivity by more than 50%. It is achieved:

Reduction of the time of execution of their work;

increase in the speed of commodity flows, document circulation, cash and financial flows;

· increasing the speed of the quality of decisions made at different levels.

All e effects of self-organization can be described by three variables: a) increase in profits; b) reduction of current expenses; c) reducing the need for investment.

Increasing self-organization in the organization is carried out primarily through competent work with personnel. Management needs to have information about the psychology and social structure of employees (education, age, gender, nationality, marital status, etc.), their ethics, views, mores and customs, traditions and culture, on the basis of which an effective organization management system is built .

Self-organization can help a company focus its forces and resources and direct them in the right direction. In a rapidly changing external environment, provided that managers make the right decisions quickly and on time, the general focus of all employees of the enterprise on the implementation of the functions of the social system can help make the right decision and bring it to life faster. Due to this, the reaction to changes in the external environment will be made faster and more thoughtfully, which will make the organization better adapted to this environment. Such an organization would function better as a living system.

Conclusion

The most important task of modern organizational science is the study of the relationship between the processes of purposeful organization and spontaneous self-organization, the search for an optimum, a measure between organization and self-organization.

In the management of an organization, the effect of self-organization means the conscious unidirectional activity of all members of the team (subdivisions) in pursuit of a common goal. Many firms spend huge amounts of money looking for sources of increased synergy.

Self-organization does not have a predetermined starting point, a "top", it is between everyone, it sets boundaries, it does not need one source of organizational energy - by definition it has a lot of them. If the organization is more proud of its canned results, then self-organization is more proud of the continuous energy of spontaneity and the inexhaustible potential of creativity.

The self-organization of the team is the spontaneous formation of such a system of interactions between the members of the team in response to the imposition of influence from the external environment, in which the team stably exists with the continued presence of the impact.

Companies that have chosen a liberal attitude towards the team as the basis for their activities provide subordinates with the freedom to develop and implement new ideas. Such organizations develop thanks to the creative approach of employees.

Any economic structure must have the desire, ability and skill of self-improvement. Enterprises endowed with such properties, despite financial difficulties, will begin to develop.

Bibliographic list

Scientific literature:

1. Theory of organization: textbook / D.V. Olyanich [i dr.]. - Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2008. - 408 p. : ill. - (Higher education).

2. Latfullin G. R., Raichenko A. V. Theory of organization: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004. - 395 p.

3. Vesnin V.R. Organizational Theory in Schemas: A Study Guide. - Moscow: Prospect, 2010. - 128s.

4. Organizational personnel management: Textbook / Ed. A.Ya.Kibanova. - 3rd ed., add. and reworked. - M.: INFRA - M, 2005. - 638s.

5. Theory of organization: a course of lectures / P.V. Shemetov, S.V. Petukhov. – M.: Omega-L Publishing House, 2006. – 282p.

Electronic resources:

1. Wikipedia. Free Encyclopedia. Access mode: http://ru.wikipedia.org

2. Laws of self-organization. Access mode: http://kamcentre.info.ru

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The basis of personality is internal self-organization

Organization and self-organization as personality traits: a comparative analysis of concepts

The basis of personality is internal self-organization

The most accessible way for a person to know the world and himself begins at the level of his own personality. Personality is the external manifestation of the inner core of a human being, consisting of consciousness (a kind of highly organized operating system that operates on the basis of a cause-and-effect analysis), subconsciousness (apparently, a chaotic accumulation of emotions, images and intuitive urges) and, possibly, soul (some a generalizing essence that connects an individual with the general spiritual world of spiritualized beings, if there is one).

Personality itself is most often defined as a set of developed habits and preferences, mental moods and general tone, sociocultural experience and acquired knowledge, in other words, personality is a set of psychophysical traits and characteristics of a person, his archetype that determines everyday behavior and communication with society and the universe.

In a narrower sense, personality is observed as a manifestation of "behavioral masks" developed for different situations and social interaction groups.

So, manifestations of personality represent the external side of the work of consciousness, subconsciousness and soul. At the level of his own consciousness, a person can subject his personality to analysis and establish its basic properties. Thus, personality is a reflection of the inner world of a person, cast onto the mirror surface of the outer world.

Apparently, consciousness is the only highly organized level of the inner world of a person, where, on the one hand, the construction of a personality capable of fruitful existence in the outside world, the so-called everyday reality, can actually take place, and, on the other hand, there is some interaction with the subconscious and, perhaps, the soul, as a result of which the development of the inner world is ensured. Thus, to the extent that being determines consciousness, so consciousness determines being.

For the successful work of consciousness, it is necessary to eliminate distractions that attack it both from the external world and from the inner world. In order to avoid the collapse of its structures, consciousness works on several levels. The most superficial and simple level is the daily operations that ensure the life of a person. When the issues of everyday life are most acute, then this level of consciousness is bombarded most intensively by the problems of the outside world, and other levels of consciousness are not able to work effectively, since all the attention of the individual is captured by the solution of everyday problems. This surface level is almost always involved in one way or another, with the exception of immersion in deep reflection or meditation.

A deeper level is responsible for the analysis of certain behavioral lines, generalizations built on interaction with the consciousness of other individuals through dialogues, conflicts and the exchange of external experience. At this level, the foundations of business, scientific, and partly creative success of the individual are laid. This level of consciousness is usually attacked by intellectual conflicts between individuals and other problems associated with business and scientific activities. The workload of this level often prevents the work of an even deeper level, leaving unresolved numerous internal issues arising from the subconscious and the soul.

Finally, the third level of consciousness is turned on in a state of deep self-immersion, an intense thought process of the second level, when one’s own “I” becomes its subject, or in a state of hypnosis, meditation, and the so-called inner insights. This level of consciousness is deeply immersed in the human "I" and is responsible for the internal analysis of one's own subconscious and, if possible, the soul. At this level, the main conceptual problems of creativity, sincere beliefs, emotional love and self-realization of a person as a being of the common spiritual world of spiritualized beings are solved. This level is directly attacked by unresolved emotional conflicts, psychological trauma, unfulfilled expectations, unrequited love. Failure to engage this level of consciousness causes internal problems stemming from the subconscious to attack the more outer levels of consciousness, which are busy with work or scientific problems, as well as everyday issues. As a result, the work of consciousness is destabilized at all levels, which leads to the development of neuroses, and also, in simple terms, to problems at work and at home.

A thinking person implicitly observes such a division of his consciousness into levels. The ability to self-organize, consistently using different levels of consciousness, is necessary for the normal functioning of the individual and, thus, forms the basis of the human personality.

We can say that such a division into levels of consciousness is universal. The only difference is how well this organization is expressed and maintained in a functional order.

Having acquired such an effective tool as a developed three-level consciousness, a person can afford to move forward in the direction of satisfying his needs. The best description of these needs is Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In his seminal work Motivation and Personality, Abraham Maslow formulated a positive theory of motivation that met the theoretical requirements and at the same time was consistent with the empirical evidence already available, both clinical and experimental. His theory was largely based on clinical experience, but at the same time continued the functionalist tradition of James and Dewey; in addition, it absorbed the best features of the holism of Wertheimer, Goldstein and Gestalt psychology, as well as the dynamic approach of Freud, Fromm, Horney, Reich, Jung and Adler.

Maslow called his theory holistic-dynamic - after the names of the approaches integrated in it.

Maslow's theory of human motivation can be applied to almost every aspect of individual and social life. According to Maslow, each individual is an integrated, organized whole. However, seven groups of needs can be distinguished: basic needs, which include primarily physiological ones: breathing, water, food, shelter, sleep, sex, security, as well as the need for love and the need to be accepted by society; higher needs: the desire for knowledge, beauty, and, finally, self-actualization.

Understanding these two concepts (the presence of three levels of consciousness that allow you to effectively analyze and satisfy the needs of the individual, and awareness of these needs in their entirety) is the key to a happy and meaningful life.

The list of needs is universal enough for all people. It's just that the ways to meet these needs can vary significantly, which is expressed in a wide variety of versions of human morality, which by no means can serve as an example of universality. Thus, a cannibal will try to satisfy his need for food by killing and eating another person, while a convinced vegetarian will not even resort to the indirect killing of an animal to satisfy his hunger.

It is difficult to establish the highest needs of the cannibal savage, but it can be a stretch to assume that the rudiments of these needs are present in almost all representatives of human communities, another thing is that in most cases they remain unsatisfied. Even in developed societies, only ten percent of the population reaches the level of self-actualization, and those who rise to a higher level and help others to self-actualize, even less.

Advances in computer technology, which led to the creation of a virtual environment, can contribute to the work of the three-level consciousness to meet higher needs, and the automation of production and the reorganization of political structures can help meet basic human needs.

Organization and self-organization as personality traits: a comparative analysis of concepts

Let us present a comparative analysis of the terms "organization" and "self-organization".

Modern explanatory dictionary edited by S.I. Ozhegova and N.Yu. Shvedova considers the adjective "organized" as systematic, distinguished by orderly order, disciplined, acting accurately and systematically. The generally accepted understanding puts regularity, orderliness and discipline among the main characteristics of organization; characteristics that determine the style features of the implementation of organized behavior. From the everyday point of view, organization is an instrumental and stylistic quality that is formed individually.

Self-organization is one of the volitional qualities of a person. The manifestation of will (more precisely, it would be “willpower”, volitional effort) in various specific situations makes us talk about the volitional qualities (properties) of the individual. At the same time, both the very concept of “volitional qualities” and the specific set of these qualities remain very vague, which makes some scientists doubt the actual existence of these qualities. So, there are still great difficulties in breeding or identifying the concepts of "organization" and "self-organization", denoting volitional activity.

In one of his works, V.A. Ivannikov notes that all volitional qualities can have a different basis and are only phenomenologically combined into a single whole - will. “Analysis shows,” he writes, “that all these qualities are derived from other sources and are associated not only with the will, and therefore cannot claim to be the hallmarks of the will.” In addition, in one situation a person demonstrates strong-willed qualities, and in another situation he shows their absence. So he talks about the so-called volitional qualities, although he does not deny that they reflect psychic realities. However, a few years later V.A. Ivannikov changes his position. In the joint work of V.A. Ivannikova and E.V. Eidman already states that there are volitional qualities as particular (situational) characteristics of volitional behavior and volitional qualities as constant (invariant) characteristics of volitional behavior, i.e. as personality traits.

F.N. Gonobolin divides volitional qualities into two groups associated with activity and inhibition of unwanted actions and mental processes. To the qualities of the first group he refers decisiveness, courage, perseverance and independence, to the qualities of the second - endurance (self-control), endurance, patience, discipline and organization. We emphasize the importance of the formation of these volitional qualities in any modern personality.

IN AND. Selivanov also considers the dynamics of the processes of excitation and inhibition to be an objective basis for distinguishing between various volitional qualities. In this regard, he divides volitional qualities into those that cause, enhance or accelerate activity, and those that inhibit, weaken or slow it down. To the first group, he refers initiative, determination, courage, vigor, courage; to the second group - endurance, endurance, patience.

In modern domestic studies, organization stands out as one of the basic personality traits. Despite such a distinction, the phenomenon of organization is still little studied, partly due to the fact that in modern psychological science there is no consensus on the nature of this property. The phenomenon of self-organization can be explained in this way.

A.N. Lutoshkin, I.S. Mangutov, L.I. Umansky consider the problem of organization in the process of studying the features of organizational activity; S.L. Cherner - in the process of forming the business qualities of a person; Yu.K. Vasiliev and I.A. Melnychuk turn to organization, investigating the issues of economic education and upbringing. A number of scientists associate the organization of future managers with their educational activities, but not with their professional orientation. HELL. Alferov considers organization as a necessary prerequisite for educating a student's responsible attitude to learning; E.S. Rabunsky connects the education of students' organization with their independent learning activities; M.I. Shilova believes that organization in learning reflects the student's attitude to mental work.

In general, in psychological and pedagogical research (L.I. Bozhovich, A.V. Zosimovsky, T.E. Konnikova, T.N. Malkovskaya, etc.), organization is considered as an intensified, intense activity aimed at the implementation of the tasks set. It is also a form of self-expression and self-affirmation of the individual, not due to external, forced necessity, a conscious decision to intensively acquire knowledge, skills and abilities for the sake of professional development. These aspects in relation to young students in modern conditions are particularly relevant. Unfortunately, the analysis of practice shows that in the process of training in educational institutions this is not given due attention, and schoolchildren and bachelors do not realize the significance of the above characteristics, and more often they see only the attractive external side of a particular profession.

Continuing to analyze scientific works devoted to the study of organization, it is necessary to divide them into theoretical and methodological (N.D. Levitov, N.I. Reinvald, V.I. Selivanov, A.A. Smirnov) and practical and methodological (A.I. Vysotsky, T.A. Egorova, N.F. Prokina, S.G. Yakobson).

Representatives of the first direction are more interested in studying the nature of organization, characterizing its distinctive features, while representatives of the second direction focus on the development of specific techniques and methods for developing this property, based on certain concepts in its interpretation.

An analysis of the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical literature led to the conclusion that organization is considered as a personality trait inherent in any person with a normal psyche (V.N. Myasishchev, L.I. Umansky), as a condition for the formation of abilities (A.G. Kovalev ), as a volitional quality, property, trait, habit of character (E.P. Ilyin, N.D. Levitov, V.I. Selivanov, B.S. Yurkevich).

In the studies of V.I. Selivanov, V.I. Vysotsky, T.A. Egorova paid special attention to the behavioral and motivational characteristics of organization. It considers both regulatory-dynamic - constant self-control over behavior, bringing the work begun to the end, and motivational-semantic - the need to plan and create conditions and means for the implementation of one's behavior according to the plan, mental skills of orientation and planning one's actions in time - organization characteristics. Moreover, such external-behavioral (formally dynamic) signs as the observance of external order at the workplace and in the process of activity, rational use of time taking into account the situation, planning one’s actions and their reasonable alternation, the ability to contribute to activities of a certain organization when circumstances change. An important factor determining the dynamic manifestations of organization is the degree of formation of volitional habits of the individual: bringing what has been started to the end, systematic and consistent actions, the ability to overcome difficulties, fulfill the planned on time, etc. In general, most of these authors are characterized by the main emphasis in the analysis of the nature of organization on its volitional component, asserting the priority role of formal dynamic characteristics in the structure of the studied property. This is confirmed by the fact of classifying organization as a group of volitional qualities that characterize the dynamism and mobility of the individual (N.D. Levitov), ​​as well as the introduction of the concept of “organization of the will” into psychological terminology (V.I. Selivanov). This provision seems justified, since, according to S.L. Rubinstein, character is closely connected with the will, which is, as it were, the "backbone of character" and determines its firmness, determination, perseverance. In volitional deeds, character, on the one hand, develops, and on the other, it manifests itself. Separately, it must be emphasized that willpower and strong-willed qualities also occupy an important place in self-organization.

A.K. Osnitsky, in particular, notes that significant shifts in the formation of the quality of self-organization are observed in adolescence and youth, when self-regulation of activity and self-regulation of the individual reach their peak, when the individual is no longer interested only in the results of his efforts, but also in his position, his capabilities in interaction with other people. A.K. Osnitsky devoted to the study of the qualities of self-organization in adolescents.

He notes that by this time in the mind of the student, to some extent, a system of ideas about their capabilities has been formed: 1) in goal-setting and goal-keeping (you need not only to be able to understand the proposed goals, to be able to form them yourself, but also to keep the goals until they are realized, so that others, also of interest, do not take their place); 2) in modeling (one must be able to identify the conditions that are important for the realization of the goal, to find in one's experience an idea of ​​the subject of need, and in the surrounding situation to find an object corresponding to this subject); 3) in programming (you need to be able to choose a method of transforming given conditions that matches the purpose of the activity and conditions, select the appropriate means for implementing this transformation, determine the sequence of individual actions; 4) in evaluation (you need to be able to evaluate the final and intermediate results of your actions; subjective criteria for evaluating the results are not should be very different from the given ones); 5) in correction (you need to imagine what changes can be made to the result if some details do not meet the requirements).

Having considered the concepts of independence and organization, we present the definition of the term "self-organization". Self-organization is the activity and ability of a person associated with the ability to organize oneself, which manifests itself in purposefulness, activity, the validity of motivation, planning one's activities, independence, speed of decision-making and responsibility for them, critical assessment of the results of one's actions, a sense of duty. So, self-organization as a personality trait is based not only on knowledge and activity characteristics, but also on volitional and evaluative ones. However, this is only the basis for the further formation of this quality in the learning process. The analysis of practice and our empirical experience shows that this is not given attention in educational institutions. As a rule, the knowledge component comes to the fore, i.e. mastery of general humanitarian and professional knowledge.

The study of the basic requirements for education and a comparative analysis of the concepts of "organization" and "self-organization" made it possible to determine the leading scientific and methodological approaches that underlie the process of developing a culture of self-organization of student youth: psychological and pedagogical, objectivative, cultural, integrative-modular, systemic, personality-oriented , level. The essence of these approaches is as follows:

psychological and pedagogical approach. In the context of this direction, the relationship of self-organization with various phenomena of educational activity was studied - independent work of schoolchildren and students (V. Graf, I.I. Ilyasov, P.I. Pidkasisty, etc.), creative activity of students (R.M. Granovskaya, Yu S. Krizhanskaya, V. A. Kan-Kalik, N. D. Nikandrov, V. A. Slastenin, etc.), self-consciousness of the individual, etc. The authors of studies related to this approach believe that since the central, integrating element of the personality is its self-consciousness, self-organization is based on the processes of self-determination and acts as an active development and transformation of the external conditions of life by the personality into its own attitude;

objectification approach. The scientists who develop this approach (G.A. Volkovitsky) consider the self-organization of a person to be a necessary form of its objectification in the processes of self-determination, self-expression, self-realization, self-realization. By this they emphasize that the process of personal self-organization is two-vector - from understanding and rethinking the content of one's self-consciousness to the highest relations of the personality and from the highest relations to the methods of their objectification;

cultural approach. A group of authors (V. Graf, I.I. Ilyasov, V.Ya. Lyaudis), referring to the problem of personal self-organization, indicates the temporal organization of activity as its attributive criterion. They believe that the temporal organization of all human behavior in the conditions of modern culture becomes a special conscious task and that the action of organizing time is inseparable from meaning formation and goal setting - these important components of personality self-organization;

integrative-modular approach. According to scientists, this approach provides a substantiation of the structure of the content of general and professional training based on basic and special courses, their generalization at the level of laws, concepts, main provisions, the formation of an integral system of knowledge, actions, which contributes to the understanding of integral professional activity and the development of culture among students self-organization;

systems approach. The approach ensures the integrity of the construction and the relationship of individual components of the content of basic and special disciplines. Within the framework of a systematic approach, scientists pay attention to various features of self-regulation that affect the effectiveness of an individual's activity and behavior. This is the study of self-regulation of human behavior (B.M. Ananiev, V.A. Yadov, N.N. Yarushkin and others), self-regulation of decision-making processes (T.V. Kornilova, V.V. Kochetkov, I.G. Skotnikova and etc.);

personality-oriented. Within the framework of this approach, the orientation of the process of general and vocational training is ensured towards the development of personal qualities capable of active creative activity, awareness of oneself as a subject of general and professional culture in new socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions;

level approach. In the basic provisions of this approach, researchers indicate a rather peculiar relationship between psychological self-regulation and personal self-organization. The term "psychological self-regulation" (O.A. Konopkin) in a broad sense refers to one of the levels of activity regulation living systems, which is characterized by the use of mental means of reflection and modeling of reality.

In addition, when substantiating the process of developing a culture of self-organization of student youth, we took into account the activity (V.P. Bespalko, T.A. Ilyina, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinshtein, etc.) and competence (I.A. Zimnyaya , N. V. Kuzmina, G. N. Serikova, V. A. Slastenin, Yu. N. Petrov, etc.) approaches.

Thus, in accordance with the designated concepts and leading scientific and methodological approaches, the structure of personality self-organization was determined, which in the process of education and training is transformed into the parameters of future professional activity (design, performance, control and evaluation). The structure of self-organization of student youth includes the following qualities and skills: design (the ability to plan one's activities, navigate in time, predict the consequences of one's decisions, form strategies for one's development and self-improvement); performing (independently make decisions, take responsibility, conduct business communication constructively); control and evaluation (adequately evaluate the results of their activities, control their activities).

Bibliography

1. Gonobolin F.N. Will, character, activity. - Minsk: Nar. light, 1966. - 211 p.

2. Ivannikov V.A. Psychological mechanisms of volitional regulation.- M., 1991.- P.49.

3. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language: 70,000 words / ed. N.Yu.Shilova.- M.: Rus. lang., 1989.- 924p.

4. Osnitsky A.K. Self-regulation of activities and preparation for professional self-determination // Psychological support for choosing a profession: scientific method. allowance - M. : Flinta, 1998. - S. 14-26.

5. Pedagogy: a large modern encyclopedia / comp. E.S. Rapatsevich. - Minsk: Modern word, 2005. - 720 p.

6. Rubinstein S.L. Problems of general psychology. - Ed. 2nd. - M., 1976. - S. 85.

7. Selivanov V.I. Selected psychological works: will, its development and education. - Ryazan: Publishing House of the Ryazan State. ped. un-ta, 1992. - 574 p.

The hardest and most difficult thing for all of us is everything that begins with the prefix “self”. self-organization, self-discipline, self-education, self-motivation, and the like itself.

Launching is much more difficult than teaching others. It's easy to teach others. Each of us can give others a lot of advice on how to behave properly, how to be successful, how to find a profitable niche, how to make a website and how to make money on the Internet.

Clean up your workplace, apartment, clothes, personal life, and so on, and maintain it

Why is it important? Clutter around you creates clutter in your head. You can’t be self-organized in work, and you have to walk in whatever you have to, look like something and eat whatever, and in general, lead a hectic lifestyle. Chaos in the world around you creates chaos in your head, and this, in turn, affects your actions and decisions.

Write down your thoughts, plans, decisions and ideas on paper

This is one of the most powerful ways to self-organize. Write what comes to your mind in text, draw diagrams and mind maps. This will quickly teach you to think coherently, not chaotically, and develop the habit of expressing your thoughts accurately. This, in turn, will lead to a sharp increase in the effectiveness of your actions.

Learn Mind Maps

They put things in order in your head, and, in addition, they teach you an important principle - everything should be in its place. Every idea, every thought, every decision your place and time . The habit of regularly compiling gets rid of porridge in your head, and you teach you to do all things in the order of their priority, and not randomly.

Become a "lark"

Plan your day

Usually it is advised to do it in the evening, but personally I do it in the morning, with a clear head. This is my very first thing when I sit down at the computer: planning tasks for the day and checking mail . I divide all the things that need to be done into those that bring me closer to my goals, and which are the necessary background for life, and therefore, for doing important things. For example, writing an article for a blog is an important thing, because each new article brings me closer to the goal: a decent income from the blog. And cashing another Google Adsense check is urgent because it gives me the cash I need to live.

Throw out the trash

For example, I have a fairly clean mailbox. I only subscribe to the newsletters that I need. Periodically, I subscribe to new mailing lists that interest me, but I unsubscribe with about the same frequency. Courses that I haven't read yet are in separate folders, sorted by urgency. Of course, it’s a pity to throw them away completely if they are not urgent, but, in principle, they don’t bother me. Let them lie for the time being. In the apartment, I also try to get rid of everything superfluous that I do not need. Garbage place in the garbage, or somewhere else, but not nearby.

Avoid boring things

All even at first interesting new things eventually become a boring routine if you do them constantly. But all the same, you need to do them if you don’t want to, like a butterfly, flutter from one thing to another, without bringing any of them to mind. So success is impossible. It is better to accept the position that things have to be done anyway otherwise nothing will work. There are many ways to make boring things interesting. One of them is to accept what is happening as a game, and watch yourself a little from the side. You kind of set yourself a quest - a task that you need to complete in order to move to a new level. Praise yourself and reward yourself for completing tasks. And in the end, you will accustom yourself to easily do all the boring things.

Right now, choose one of these items for yourself, and do something to make it happen . It will not be so difficult, but the benefits will be enormous.

Ideally, every day you need to do something for each of these items , and then self-organization for you will not be an empty phrase, or an abstract theory. Within a month, you will be amazed at how much the productivity of your work will rise, and how clearly you will understand what exactly you need and it is advisable to do to move towards your goals.

You can get more detailed information in the sections "All courses" and "Utility", which can be accessed through the top menu of the site. In these sections, the articles are grouped by topic into blocks containing the most detailed (as far as possible) information on various topics.

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