The national idea of ​​Kazakhstan as a factor in the consolidation of society. The concept of "National idea" National idea in the Republic of Kazakhstan what unites us

Eastern philosophy is categorical in its assertion: There are no bad and good times, but there are societies torn apart by internal and external contradictions, as well as states united around one single, unifying idea. And where there is unity, a good life is invariably born. “Birlik bar zherde, tirlik bar,” the Kazakhs say. Western philosophy adds to this that the history of mankind develops in a spiral. And what was once repeated again. Today, at a new stage in the development of Kazakh statehood, Kazakhs again come to the idea of ​​"Mangilik El" - the creation of an Eternal State that unites all citizens living in it. History of the question... An ancient Turkic runic inscription found in the basin of the Selenga River on the grave of the adviser of the great kagans, the sage Toңyқөқa (Tonyukuk), dating back to the eighth century AD (716-735) has come down to us. Turks - the Eternal State"). Such a decoding is given by the famous Danish scientist - researcher V. Thompson and the Russian Turkologist V. Radlov. It turns out that one thousand three hundred years ago the ancestors of the present Kazakhs dreamed of building an Eternal State that would unite all the Turkic tribes under their command. And such a goal was achieved with the construction of the Great The Turkic Khaganate, stretching from the coast of the Danube to the shores of the Pacific Ocean. In the Middle Ages, "Mangilik El" became the ideological foundation of the Shyngyskhan state, which managed to unite under its firm hand dozens of disparate Turkic clans that had previously vegetated in poverty and obscurity. And now the same idea , at a new historical stage in the development of the Kazakh community, voiced by President Nazarbayev. Which is very symbolic, if we take into account the greatness and glory of his predecessors, starting from the Khagan Bilge and his commander Kultegin and ending with the khans of the Golden Horde. According to the Head of our state: “Mangilik El” is an eternal tree, this is the national idea of ​​our all-Kazakhstan home. The dream of all our ancestors. Over 22 years of sovereign development, the main values ​​have been created that unite all Kazakhstanis, form the foundation of the future of our country: stability, tolerance, equality of all, no matter what: religious predilections, nationality, and so on,”- our President emphasized in his annual address to the people of Kazakhstan. Today's day..."Moreover,"- as Yeraly Tugzhanov, deputy head of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, explains, speaking to journalists of ethno-cultural associations in Astana: “It is not correct to believe that the idea of ​​national unity, which is the basis of Mangilik El, does not directly affect the Kazakhs, as some of our local citizens think. Like, what more unity is needed if we are already one people. Whereas, first of all, unity and cohesion is required from the Kazakhs themselves, from their awareness of their role in the state.” And on the other hand, if we consider the foreign policy challenges presented to our country and our people by various forces from outside, then you inevitably come to understand the timeliness of the national idea “Mangilik El” declared by the President of Kazakhstan. the plight of their country. Whereas the intervention of neighboring states in the affairs of Ukrainians was only a derivative of the chaos and internal political discord that arose before and after the flight of Viktor Yanukovych from Ukraine. We, Kazakhstanis, do not need such scenarios for the development of events. As we can see from the example of Ukraine, the price of interethnic stability and unity of the people in modern geopolitical conditions is extremely high if the political elite of a particular country strives to achieve progress for its state, and is not guided exclusively by narrowly selfish personal interests. Otherwise, the backyards of world economic development await the country, with all the “charms of life” that accompany such backyards, such as general poverty and poverty of the population. Independence and sovereignty of the country. At the same time, the idea of ​​“Mangilik El” a priori assumes the construction of an Eternal State solely on the foundation of its own independence and sovereignty. Nothing like this could be discussed thirty years ago, during the Soviet Union. recreating "Mangilik El" as a national ideology bequeathed to us by our ancestors. What the state is creating the necessary prerequisites for today. In her speech at the expanded meeting of the Scientific and Expert Council of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, State Secretary Gulshara Abdykalikova emphasizes that the idea of ​​"Mangilik El" not only unites Kazakhstanis, but allows expanding the historical and spatial boundaries of Kazakhstani identity. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan, compatriots, the Kazakh diaspora, ethnic repatriates, young people studying and working abroad are those social groups that perceive this idea and unite around it. Unfortunately, it should be recognized here that in order to implement such large-scale ideological transformations, it is necessary so that the society itself has matured to them. And this is a process that takes years. As it turned out, it is impossible for citizens who grew up yesterday in the Soviet Union, and who appeal in their minds to the concepts of that yesterday's era, to quickly reconfigure the new format of perception of reality. On the other hand, if we do not promote our national ideology, then an unoccupied niche in The minds of our citizens will quickly be captured by ideologues of other directions, be it the bearers of Western values, or the preachers of Wahhabism. What we observe in a number of cases.
And I'll add here. To our credit for our site "Altynorda", we have been promoting the national ideology since the first days of the existence of our information and analytical resource. Therefore, today we support with particular enthusiasm the declared course of the President on the formation of the national idea "Mangilik El". It is high time. As Secretary of State Gulshara Abdykalikova emphasizes in her report: “New approaches to promoting and consolidating the national idea of ​​Mangilik El should be provided not only through the media, but also through new formats of the film industry, computer programs, best-selling books. We need new texts, plots, miniatures, dialogues, scripts, which will be transferred to information media.Consolidating values ​​based on the idea of ​​Mangilik El – civil equality; diligence; honesty; the cult of learning and education; a secular country - a country of tolerance can enter the lifestyle of every Kazakhstani when they are rationalized and become part of everyday life.Here we need a lot of work of our scientists, who, on the basis of epics, legends, legends, tales, can convey to the younger generation the values, symbols and meanings of "Mangilik El". The finalization of the concept of "Mangilik El" and the introduction of appropriate amendments were entrusted today, in addition to the presidential administration and the government, to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. And this choice is not accidental. Since the very national idea "Mangilik El", as the experience of the Turkic Khaganate and the empire of Shyngyskhan shows, sets as its general goal the rallying of all ethnic groups, carriers of the ideology of the Eternal State. Editor-in-Chief of the republican newspaper “Ukrainians of Kazakhstan. Ukrainian News Taras Chernega: The support provided by the state in the publication of newspapers of ethno-cultural associations inhabiting Kazakhstan is another evidence of the tolerance of the Kazakh people. The Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan makes a great contribution to the preservation and strengthening of interethnic stability. For their part, Ukrainians living in Kazakhstan are doing everything in their power to strengthen the sovereignty and statehood of our country. As for the very idea of ​​Mangilik El, I think it lacks specifics. There are no established terms, categories and concepts yet. Let scientists gather and create the necessary tools for us to work with. For example, I have a rather negative attitude towards the concept of “tolerance”, which means “tolerance” in translation. But do we tolerate each other? You yourself think, the Kazakh people, who in different years were able to accept so many ethnic groups into their families, sharing the last piece of bread, did they do it out of tolerance, under duress? No, behind this civil act of the Kazakhs was mercy, compassion for people who are in dire need. This is hospitality, and all the best human qualities of the Kazakh people, which are in no way associated with the concept of “tolerance.” For me, the main goal indicated by the idea of ​​“Mangilik El” is the consolidation and unity of our people. And I am ready to repeat it every day, like a spell, like a mantra. Chief editor of the Uzbek newspaper of Kazakhstan "Sairam Sarbosy" Abdumalik Sarmanov:- The idea of ​​"Mangilik El" implies the creation of a single nation, guided by common tasks and goals. The twenty-five years that have passed since independence show that we are on the right track. And while maintaining this vector of development, I believe we will still achieve a lot. The leader and his entourage bear a huge responsibility for the fate of the country. That is, those who lead this country. On the example of other states, we see what squabbles and strife within the national elite itself lead to. And such examples are dangerous. Therefore, for us, in addition to the consolidation of the people, the consolidation of the elite itself is of such great importance. And here I would like to dwell on one more issue. We say that the multi-ethnicity of Kazakhstan is a blessing. The same media of Kazakhstan in Korean do a great job of promoting the image of our country in South Korea. Similar work is carried out by other ethnic media in our country. And I think this is the right step in the right direction. But I think that in the near future Kazakhstan will produce so many goods that we will need new markets and new directions for exporting our domestic products. Therefore, our ethnic media already today, I think, should work not only for the domestic reader, but also for the foreign reader, telling, among other things, about the economy of Kazakhstan. And this is also the Mangilik El format, when they work together, not only politics and ideology, but also the economy.

The collapse of the communist ideology, which for many years stimulated the development of various ethnic groups living on the territory of the Soviet Union, led to a rethinking of the role and place of ideology, as well as the degree of its participation in political processes.

In the USSR for many decades there was no other ideology, except for communism, which was represented by the relevant institutions and influential. Precisely due to the fact that ideology had a significant weight in political life, and also had a significant impact on the process of making political decisions, it became one of the main destabilizing factors.

The perestroika processes that directly affected the spiritual sphere led society into confusion. The image of the world that had been formed for decades was collapsing, resulting in mass disorientation, loss of identifications, both at the individual and group levels, and at the level of society as a whole.

Therefore, the leadership of the republic, together with the scientific community, at the initial stages of independence, tried to formulate the basic principles of a nationwide idea, which were supposed to serve to prevent a spiritual crisis and become an important mechanism for the conscious reorganization of society. Otherwise, the ideological and value vacuum could aggravate the systemic crisis and impede the transition to the ascending phase of development.

In Kazakh society, discussions about the creation of a national ideology that would ensure the social and social integrity and activity of a multi-ethnic people have been going on since the country gained independence. At the same time, the question was not only about reassessing the role of ideology in power relations, but also about transforming the attitude towards it as an instrument that provides it with rallying and directing people's political energy.

In addition, Kazakhstan was at a difficult transitional stage, in which any society experiences difficulties in defining an ideology. The seventy-year domination of the totalitarian regime and the corresponding understanding and use of ideology have left a big imprint on the negative perception of ideology in the national consciousness of Kazakhstanis. Whereas ideology, being by its political nature a “tool” for consolidating groups as competitors in the sphere of state power, contains an active transforming and motivating principle, as it activates and politicizes public consciousness on the basis of a certain vision of the future. After all, the integrity of society is formed precisely in the process of ideological struggle, since ideological polemics give impetus to the gradual maturation of civil society and democracy.

A significant role in the spiritual and ideological crisis was played, firstly, by the conflict of values, the carriers of which are various social groups of society. Secondly, the generational conflict of ideological orientations, since the national idea is impossible without overcoming the break in the connection of times and the break among those living today. Therefore, a critical understanding of the past is necessary in order to ensure the continuity of history and prevent a split in society for ideological reasons at the present time.

The next reason that hindered the formation of a unifying ideology and made it difficult to identify the most vital and most common ideas among the masses of the people was the pronounced differentiation of the Kazakh society.

Within ten years after gaining independence, domestic scientists have repeatedly turned their attention to the problem of the formation of ideology in the republic. Various points of view were expressed regarding the starting point of the modern political process, but the most reasonable of them, in our opinion, is the one in which it was proposed to start from 1985, since with the orientation of the state's course towards restructuring, processes took place in society aimed at rethinking the Soviet past. The authors of this approach believe that the socio-political movements, parties, associations that appeared at that time, which had a different social orientation and concentrated around the national idea, were artificially limited by the idea of ​​gaining sovereignty.

This circumstance, in their opinion, contributed to the identification of the idea of ​​sovereignty with the national idea, although the latter is much broader and richer in content. But since 1991, due to the transformation of the sphere of socio-economic relations, the basic principles of the national idea, considered in the first version, have lost their relevance.

However, the proclamation of state sovereignty by Kazakhstan and the new socio-political realities associated with it caused a significant transformation of the self-consciousness of society and its citizens. During this period, the point of view on the world, the people and its history fundamentally changes. The trend of revising the historical path of the Soviet state and leveling spiritual values ​​that could destabilize the internal political situation in a multi-ethnic state is beginning to gain more and more strength. While the first condition for the existence of the people in the present and future is the idea of ​​"common destiny".

If earlier the history of Kazakhstan was interpreted as one of the components of the unified history of the USSR, then during this period, on the one hand, the realization is gradually formed that it should be considered in the context of world history, the history of Eurasia, nomadic civilizations, the history of the Turkic peoples, the countries of Central Asia . On the other hand, there is a growing point of view accusing Russia of imperial aspirations. As a result, the creation of an objective picture of the past was considered as one of the main factors in the formation of national unity, the formation of the state identity of the republic.

As an alternative, religious (there is a transition of former atheists to religion), national ideologies were proposed, while “national” was most often understood as nationalist ideology. Thus, it was unequivocally stated that “national ideology cannot occupy a dominant position in the state, otherwise it can lead to tribalism and polygamy.” However, both the first and the second were not recognized as becoming the basis for the ideological consolidation of society, due to the fact that both led to the dominance of mono-ideology.

There was also a denial of the need to "impose" new ideological fetters, where the very concept of "ideology" was seen as reactionary and unscientific. Given the wide range of opinions, the leadership of the state is making an attempt to give direction to the ideological development of society. The head of state in his speeches has repeatedly stressed the unacceptability of such ideological currents as nationalism and chauvinism. In this regard, in 1992, the “Strategy for the Formation and Development of Kazakhstan as a Sovereign State” was published.

In the Constitution adopted on January 28, 1993, a norm was enshrined that presupposes the development of ideological pluralism. In the same year, prepared and voiced by the President of the country N.A. Nazarbayev's concept "Ideological consolidation of society - as a condition for the progress of Kazakhstan", in which the following goals of the direction in this area were highlighted.

1. Ensuring stability and interethnic harmony as an indispensable political condition for the successful implementation of reforms.

2. The development of a society that provides a sufficient level of well-being for all citizens.

3. Development of ethnic identity and preservation of the national and cultural diversity of Kazakhstan.

4. Deepening democratic reforms, ensuring pluralism in politics.

The head of state stressed that a modern society simply cannot exist without an ideological system. In his work, he defines ideology as a time-tested method of consolidating and mobilizing society to solve political and economic problems, as a mechanism for shaping social behavior.

In his speech at a solemn meeting dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War, the President of the Republic admitted that the break with the socialist version of development was a forced measure, but such a break in itself posed the task for the people to find a worthy equivalent to patriotism, but a serious one. who worked for the common cause of the progress of the USSR.

I.Nazarbayev is trying to take into account and prioritize the tasks of consolidation for the implementation of economic reforms so that they solve the problem of the well-being of everyone. It should be borne in mind that any society does not exist without ideology, there is no ideological vacuum in society, a non-ideological state.

However, some contours of the new ideology, as well as the principles that should guide its creation, could already be identified.

Firstly, it was proposed to borrow from old ideologies, old ideological schools and views, while it was considered inappropriate to abandon individual views of Marxism. These are the ideas of goodness, justice, humanism. Since Marxism itself is a continuation of the history of ideology, there is no point in reviving Marxism itself, socialist ideology.

Secondly, there was a dilemma - should there be a new state ideology? Or should it be national?

Supporters of the first approach explained their point of view by the fact that in reality each state has its own state ideology, creates its own political, economic, legal ideology, without which it cannot function. In addition, the state ideology can compete, compete with other non-state non-ideological systems, but should not suppress other ideological concepts.

Representatives of the second line under "national ideology" understood the system of views and theories, which is generated in a multinational state. At the same time, it was defined as the ideology of an indigenous nation in a multinational state. In the case of attributing the national ideology to the rank of state ideology, they proposed to take into account the interests of all ethnic groups in its development, not to be confined only within the national framework. However, it was noted that a certain place in the new ideology should be occupied by folk traditions.

The following requirements were put forward, according to which the ideology should:

1) include everything acceptable, progressive that is in the past and modern ideologies of other countries;

2) be realistic, democratic and take into account the interests of all peoples inhabiting the country;

3) include historical, socio-cultural values ​​of the peoples of the republic and especially the Kazakh people;

4) To spread the ideology, a propaganda system is needed.

Since 1994, the vector of discussion about the ideology of Kazakhstan has shifted in the other direction. The main point of controversy was the unifying idea, as well as the clarification of its main goals. If earlier calls for peace and harmony were aimed at maintaining stability, now they have acquired an offensive character, taking shape in a worldview that should become a national idea.

But despite a number of failures in an attempt to formulate the basic principles of a new ideology in the republic, key values ​​were identified on which a political ideology could be based. These are democratic values ​​- human rights and freedoms, the rule of law, multi-party system, pluralism, flexible social policy combined with a market economy, patriotism.

In addition, in his speech at the 2nd session of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan, the President of the country N. Nazarbayev expressed the idea that "education of the moral foundations of our multinational society should be elevated to the rank of state policy."

At the same time, he proceeded from the fact that ideology is not the exclusive prerogative of the state and should not be imposed on society, since this is contrary to democracy. Therefore, the society, the people, as well as state structures are faced with the task of determining the ideological platform for the consolidation of Kazakhstani society, which should combine the best achievements of human civilization.

To address these issues and a number of other problems that emerged in the spiritual sphere, the National Council on State Policy under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan was created, which functioned on an ongoing basis as a consultative and advisory body under the head of state, which developed the conceptual foundations of state policy. Well-known scientists, writers, politicians of the republic participated in the work of the Council on a voluntary basis.

The main activities of the Council were the assessment of the current state, development trends and likely prospects for socio-political processes, the formation of a system of state values ​​adequate to the status of an independent state. Adopted in May 1995 at a regular meeting of the Council, the “Concept of the Formation of Historical Consciousness in the Republic of Kazakhstan” made its positive contribution.

Considering that history is the memory of the people, where strength, inspiration for social creativity and a breakthrough to the future come from, the main attention was paid to creating an objective picture of the past. This is explained by the fact that in the context of the choice of statehood models and the democratization of society, representatives of the society gradually become aware of themselves as the subject of the historical process. At the same time, it is the historical consciousness from the very beginning of a person's birth that attaches him to certain values, instills in him love for his homeland, for the culture of his people.

Proceeding from this, the principles and approaches to the historical education of the younger generation were substantiated in the concept. One of the fundamental ones is called: a cautious approach in assessing certain events, non-imposition of any point of view, a departure from ideological dogmas. At the same time, it was supposed to ensure the variability of historical education, which was supposed to depend on the region, the social and national composition of the population.

As you know, one of the functions of ideology is the socialization of the younger generation, which is aimed at fostering respect for one's country and the adoption of rules of conduct leading to the stable development of society. Thanks to this, the main goal of the program was that every Kazakhstani, regardless of his nationality, should be aware that Kazakhstan is his native state, which is always ready to help him, protect his rights. And the idea of ​​unity and integrity of the people of Kazakhstan was called upon to become the root basis for the upbringing of a sense of Kazakh patriotism.

In confirmation of this, both in the first Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and in the second, ideological and political diversity was enshrined, the creation and activities of public associations, the goals and actions of which are aimed at forcibly changing the constitutional order, violating the integrity of the republic, undermining the security of the state, inciting social , racial, national, religious, class and tribal strife.

However, there is a change in the definitions used. If in the first half of the 90s it was mainly about the formation of either a single state ideology or a nationwide one, then in the second half the dispute flared up around the development of the principles of a national or national ideology, as well as a national idea.

The national idea among the scientific community is considered as an unformulated element of national self-consciousness, partially expressed through the national ideology, which in turn, despite the fact that it includes economic, political, social, religious provisions, reflects only one of the sides of the national idea.

Whereas the national ideology is defined as a system of fundamental values, ideas, goals and interests, which makes it possible to ensure the unity of the value orientations of the individual and the state, to integrate the multitude of existing social, confessional, territorial, ethnic and other groups into something whole.

The national ideology, in turn, is formed in the process of building a nation, where the identification of national interests as a set of conscious and balanced needs of society and the state is the constituent basis for its formation. The system of national interests includes fundamental values, i.e. individual, family and society, their rights, freedoms, guarantees of improvement and development.

At present, we are no longer talking about national ideology due to the fact that we have come to a common opinion that a nation has not yet been formed in our republic, if it is understood in a liberal sense. That is, in the Western understanding, Kazakhstan is primarily a multi-ethnic state, in which there is a state-forming ethnic group living on its territory, and other ethnic groups, but the nation has not yet formed in the country. Based on this, the main focus is on identifying the principles of the national idea.

At the present stage in Kazakhstani society, the fact of the bifurcation of the ideological sphere is evident. On the one hand, there is a return to the past, an appeal to traditions. On the other hand, there is modern thinking in our life and the behavioral schemes arising from it, which in turn are not yet able to determine our activity and self-consciousness. Of course, in the conditions of our country, which is going through a period of transition, such a mixture is inevitable. Moreover, as numerous examples show, successful ideological modernization almost always brings the instrumental category of tradition to the center and then makes it meaningful, albeit open to essential challenge.

However, there are positive moments in returning and turning to traditions, with the help of traditions it is possible to preserve the civilizational heritage as an invaluable spiritual source for political and ideological rationalization that meets the challenges of today and tomorrow.

In October 1998, President N. Nazarbayev announced the development strategy of Kazakhstan until 2030. It is an attempt to comprehend and define the role of the state in solving economic, social, political, ideological problems. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of mass consciousness, where the main emphasis is on the younger generation, due to their high degree of adaptation to new conditions.

In January 2001, the head of state put forward five principles of the national idea - the equality of the multinational people of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people are the forming ethnic group, the religious identity of peoples, the education of law-abiding citizens, the development of small and medium businesses. The main task is to inspire confidence in the people, to enable the citizens of the state to realize their enormous creative potential.

Based on the fact that our society is faced with the need to solve the following tasks: maintaining political stability and civil peace in the state, providing every citizen of the republic with a decent life based on the continuation of socio-economic transformations, the identified principles can be the basis of a new consolidating ideology of Kazakhstan.

It's no secret that identifying an idea that could consolidate society is necessary to reach agreement on fundamental values. The national idea cannot be invented by a group of scientists or civil servants, it is the natural worldview of the majority of the people, which has developed over the course of its history, it must correspond to the perception of the people. Otherwise, it does not deconsolidate the nation. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the ideology is not created at a time, it matures, since the National idea of ​​any people has several components. First, the system of established historical views of the majority of the people on their location in space. Secondly, it is important how people present themselves in time, how they look at their ethnic origin. Therefore, in Kazakhstani society there is a need for a worldview that would unite and explain the past and give meaning to live today and navigate the future.

In this vein, of paramount importance for the formation of a national idea is the understanding by the majority of the population of the republic that ideology is needed not only by the state, but, above all, by themselves. After all, ideology is not just a collection of certain ideas, but a system of views on the world, society and man, state and man, a system that determines one or another value orientation and line of behavior.

Having a spiritual beginning, ideology, at the same time, gives the population an idea of ​​the direction of movement of society and the state, of the meaning of the state, since it involves the formation of general principles for the existence of the state, its policy, shared by the majority of this society.

Ideology can become the driving force of social development, acting as a tool for the political mobilization of society. Its key applied aspect lies in the fact that it is a powerful unifying tool, without which any state falls apart, loses its solidity, so no state can be non-ideological for a long period.

As you know, the national idea should be based on fundamental principles. At the same time, one of the basic principles for all segments of the population is the most efficient arrangement of the economy, which would allow citizens to most fully satisfy their material needs.

Recently, many are looking for a national idea that can synchronize the efforts of different layers for the development of the country. While everyone wants a decent life, everyone wants to feel like a Human, to have certain guarantees for this - this is what unites all citizens. Along with this, this idea does not require a special name like liberalism, traditionalism, etc., in order to guarantee a decent life in the form of certain socially oriented laws, the development of the economy is necessary - otherwise, no matter how fairly the goods are divided, the life of many will be lower acceptable minimum.

In turn, the development of the economy, the growth of the well-being of members of society is possible only with political stability within the country, the absence of conflicts on interethnic grounds. Indeed, for the successful development of society, it is not national belonging that is important, but the psychological similarity of the majority of citizens. And in this situation, the idea that could really allow society to develop normally and that would ensure well-being and security is the idea of ​​social security for citizens.

Thus, it must be unconditionally recognized that the new national idea is one of the most pressing issues of our public life. The development of the principles of the national idea should stimulate the emergence of a national ideology, the birth of new ideals.

And the most relevant is that it is necessary to clearly define what unites the members of society in order to find a consensus in society, to develop a real mechanism for improving the social condition of the country.

As you know, there is a certain regularity in a transitional society, if the well-being of the population at some stage begins to grow, then its satisfaction with the existing situation decreases, since consciousness reacts inadequately and not synchronously to objective changes. So, we now have economic growth in the republic, there is an improvement in the situation in many of its areas, while the majority of the country's population is dissatisfied with their social position. Therefore, in such conditions, the stability, welfare and social security of the population can acquire tangible value.

Nurkanova Bakytzhan Zhambyrbaevna

History and geography teacher

KSU "Secondary school No. 2 of the city of Taiynsha"

Topic: National idea « Mangilik el » as a vector for the development of Kazakhstani society.

1. In the Address to the people of Kazakhstan dated January 17, 2014 "Kazakhstan's path -2050: common goal, common interests, common future", President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev proposed to develop and adopt the Patriot Act "Mangilik El".

"Mangilik El" is the national idea of ​​our all-Kazakhstan home, the dream of our ancestors. Over 22 years of sovereign development, the main values ​​have been created that unite all Kazakhstanis and form the foundation of the future of our country. They are not taken from sky-high theories. These values ​​are the experience of the Kazakhstani Way, which has stood the test of time,” the Head of State said.

This year 2016 is marked by an important event - the 25th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. All the achievements made over the years are the merit of the peaceful people of Kazakhstan, who, thanks to the far-sighted policy of ours, ate bass-Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev, created a single country - peace-loving, aspiring to a brighter future. The national idea should unite our aspirations, worldviews, spiritual values, nationwide priority areas of the economy..

Time has shown that the most reasonable way is to combine the interests of all citizens of the country, regardless of their ethnicity. The transition of the country to the civil state of society, the formation of a single people in Kazakhstan becomes the core of the national idea.

Any national idea is a capacious, but at the same time extremely concise formula, from which the basic ideological concept is deployed, which determines the life of the state, society, citizens in the long term. The following features of the national idea are generally accepted. It must: have a visual image - a symbol and be based on ideology; belong to the ancestors through history, legends, legends; be beneficial to the individual, society, and authorities; not contain deliberate unrealizability and lies; be brief; be understandable to the child.

All this is embodied in the idea of ​​"Mangilik El".

The idea of ​​"Mangilik El" -it is national unity, peace and harmony in our society. Secondly, it is a secular society and high spirituality. It is economic growth based on industrialization and innovation. This is the Society of General Labor., a common history, culture and language, this is national security and the global participation of our country in solving global and regional problems. Thanks to these values, we have always won, strengthened our country, and multiplied our great successes. In these state-forming, national values ​​lies the ideological basis of the New Kazakhstan Patriotism.

Scientific, cultural figures, the intelligentsia of our country consider and create various directions in the implementation of the national idea "Mangilik El". And I think the main direction is modern education.

From 2017, guaranteed free technical education for young people will be provided in the country, and a system of dual technical and vocational education is being developed. In addition, the priority of trilingualism, that is, the study of Kazakh, English and Russian, was confirmed. As the Leader of the Nation emphasized, secondary schools should catch up in terms of teaching level to Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools.

The education of the modern rising generation depends largely on the social structure of the state. A lot is being done in our country for the benefit of tomorrow's future.

The modern school has more technology - computers, interactive whiteboards, the Internet, multimedia classes, which has a positive effect on the quality of lessons and various events, gives positive changes in the process of teaching the subject.

Another innovation in education is that attention is being paid to small schools, resource centers are being created, and a lot of work is being done on pre-profile and profile education of students. A student from a rural area, coming to a city school, can pull up those subjects in which he had difficulty before.

Our country is fighting for the right to be a competitive state, therefore, international research is carried out in schoolsTIMSS, PISA, PIRLSand other tests of schoolchildren. The natural-mathematical, reading and functional literacy of schoolchildren is checked. Based on the results of international research, a national report is being compiled, as a result of which changes for the better are coming in our schools. I believe that such independent assessments of ZUN will give a real picture of modern education in the country, and will help raise the level of education of our younger generation.

The modern pedagogical community of Kazakhstan is undergoing major reforms in course preparation. Learning using Cambridge technology gives the teacher a new attitude - the worldview changes, the consciousness of what a teacher and student should be like. Teachers are trained at 1 advanced, 2 basic and 3 basic levels. New technologies in teaching and educating children give a great boost to the teacher in his teaching practice. The integration of the seven modules into pedagogical work is the main goal of the courses.

The efforts of the administration and the teaching staff are aimed at creating conditions for the development of the child as a free, responsible and creative person based on the variability of programs, textbooks, training courses, the use of innovative technologies, the individualization of the educational process, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. The main attention is paid to improving the qualifications of teachers and the quality education of schoolchildren. This is also facilitated by work in various forms to improve the pedagogical skills of teachers, the development of practical skills and abilities of students in the classroom and in interest associations, the participation of children and adults in seminars, conferences, the organization of the exchange of experience, certification of teaching staff and school graduates.

A steady trend has been established in the personnel policy of the school, aimed at the formation of a professional teacher, a creative personality.

A positive attitude of teachers to continuous psychological and pedagogical education and self-education has been formed

In the context of the transition to 12-year education, the dissemination of innovative pedagogical experience has acquired a new quality and is considered as one of the possible forms of teacher training..

Tomorrow's school is the school of the future. I think that such a school is Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, where gifted and talented children have the honor to study, who can get further higher education anywhere in the world. It is gratifying that such schools are opening in all regions of our country.

2 .I believe that the idea of ​​"Mangilik El" can be seen in the education and upbringing of the younger generation, starting with preschool education.

Specifically within the curriculum:

At the lessons of the natural-mathematical cycle, various types of work in mathematics are used - text tasks, where the text contains patriotic content,

At the informatics lesson, students are faced with data on the population by regions of Kazakhstan, and texts about Astana are used in practical classes.

In geography lessons, demographic data on the size and ethnic composition of the population for each region of Kazakhstan are often used. There is also historical data on the population.

At the lessons of mathematics, knowledge of the world in the primary grades, children learn from vivid examples of the friendship of the peoples of Kazakhstan, the tasks contain a text about our homeland, the capital, national rituals, customs, traditions of different ethnic groups.

The lessons of the humanitarian cycle - the Kazakh language and literature, the Russian language and English, the history of Kazakhstan - reflect peaceful cooperation, patriotism, good neighborliness of representatives of different nationalities and ethnic groups.

«Қазақ халқы Ассамблеясы», «Бір шаңырақ астында», «Бірлік пен ынтымақ елі», «Ұлтаралық келісім»- қазақ тілі сабағында өте көп тақырыптар жасөспөрімдерді татулық пен ынтымақтастыққа тәрбиелейді.Жоғары сыныптарда қазақ тілі сабағында да «Мәнгілік ел-мәнгілік тіл идеясы» , "Tauelsizdik tolgauy", "Nұrly dol" siyaқty taқyryptar okylyp ötedі. Various olympiads, competitions of district, regional and republican significance reflect intercultural and interethnic ties: Abai and Pushkin readings, Makhambet readings, "Zharkyn bolashak", where our children annually take active participation, take prizes.

Extra-curricular activities are aimed at fostering tolerance, mutual understanding, respect for national traditions and customs of the peoples of Kazakhstan.

High school students actively participate in district debate tournaments, where moral principles are the main topics.

Understanding and mutual assistance between ethnic groups, religions in our country has grown into strong friendship, unity of a single people, mutual respect. This is evidenced by the festive new date - the Day of Gratitude, which is celebrated on the day of the creation of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan - March 1.

May 1 - the Day of Unity of the Peoples of Kazakhstan is held annually at the school very solemnly, the guys represent many nationalities - the concert program includes songs in different languages. Nauryz meiramy rallied all the nationalities of our country, every year you can see representatives of various ethnic groups on the stage.

All valuesupbringing of the youngergenerations - respect, friendship, tolerance, love and mutual assistance, readinessHelp starts with the family.It is becoming a good tradition to hold events dedicated to Family Day within the walls of the school - these are round tables with parents and children.

3. In the "Plan of the Nation - 100 steps for the implementation of five institutional reforms", 85 and 89 steps are devoted to the idea of ​​Mangilik El in the form of a task to create a draft of a patriotic act and the task of introducing the values ​​of Mangilik El into the current school education curricula.

Teachers should play an important role in the implementation of the Mangilik El program announced by the President, and teachers of the social and humanitarian cycle are primarily responsible for promoting the national idea among the younger generation. The new 2015-2016 academic year in all institutions of secondary education of the republic began with the Day of Knowledge, where a peace lesson was held on the topic "Values ​​of Mangilik el",

This event contributes to the formation of citizenship and patriotism among students, fostering a sense of love for their homeland, respect for its history and culture, respect for the nature of the native land, pride in the achievements of modern Kazakhstan.

In modern conditions, the civic-patriotic education of students is of particular importance, the role of educational organizations in the education of young citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan is increasing.

To this end, school history teachers hold debate tournaments among high school students. In the lessons of geography and an optional course of local history, children are instilled with love for the motherland, a sense of responsibility for the future of their native land.

Class teachers spend class hours dedicated to the events of our country:

Independence Day of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Victory Day.

20th anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

20th anniversary of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan;

Holding the International Exhibition "EXPO-2017".

When conducting extra-curricular activities, I consider it productive to apply new teaching technologies and active forms of learning studied in the courses of the third (basic) level of the Advanced Training Program for Pedagogical Workers of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the developers of which are AEO Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools and the Department of Education of the University of Cambridge.

Thus, all events organized for the implementation of the Mangilik El program will be aimed at forming an educated person with developed leadership qualities, ready to independently make decisions in a situation of choice, capable of cooperation and intercultural interaction, having a sense of responsibility for the fate of the country, actively participating in achievement of the main goal of the Strategy "Kazakhstan's way - 2050: common goal, common interests, common future".

The national idea "Mangilik el" is a vector of development of Kazakhstani society, which should guide a modern teacher.

Its foundation must be laid in the school. As part of the implementation of this idea, it is necessary to purposefully conduct upbringing and educational work at school. The study of subjects should be aimed at the formation of spiritual and moral qualities and patriotic feelings, the civic responsibility of students, the development of national identity and tolerance, the strengthening of secular values ​​and the formation of a conscious rejection of the idea of ​​terrorism and extremism by young people, the ability to communicate in a multi-ethnic Kazakhstan.

Pedagogical efforts should be aimed at raising a creative and talented person who loves his family and friends, his people, his homeland, a real citizen of his country. To achieve efficiency, it is necessary not only to give knowledge and skills that contribute to the formation of appropriate ideals, principles and worldviews, but also to develop the necessary personal qualities, the spiritual world of children and young people, so that they become worthy citizens of their country.

To be a citizen and patriot of one's Motherland means to have an active civic position, competently exercise one's rights, honestly and conscientiously fulfill one's duties. To be hardworking to maintain a decent standard of living and take care of those who need your help and protection, to feel your responsibility and involvement in the past, present and future of your country.

It is noteworthy that in the conclusion of the message, the President addressed the younger generation. They were told the following words: “I especially appeal to our youth. This Strategy is for you. You participate in its implementation and you reap the fruits of its success. Get involved in the work, everyone at their workplace. Don't be indifferent. Create the destiny of the country together with all the people!

References:

Teacher's Guide "Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools", 2012

Republican essay contest "Constructivist education: present and prospects". Essay "Education: yesterday, today, tomorrow"

Message to the people of Kazakhstan dated January 17, 2014 "Kazakhstan's path -2050: common goal, common interests, common future"

4. (website )

Kazakhstan is a multi-ethnic and multicultural state, and its national idea should be based on the unity of all nations and ethnic groups inhabiting its territory. Despite the fact that questions on the formation of a national idea in the country have been discussed for more than a dozen years, an unequivocal decision of scientists about what constitutes Kazakh model of the national idea, still no.

1. Some domestic scientists and political scientists believe that the Kazakh national idea should be based on concept of "nation building", i.e., the formation of a single nation from a society that is multi-ethnic in composition.

2. Others disagree, believing that building a single nation is fundamentally impossible. The ethnic identity of people will always prevail over identity with the state or other ethnic groups. This group of scientists is sure that there is only one nation in Kazakhstan - the Kazakhs, while the rest of the nationalities are diasporas living on the territory of the country. From this, they conclude that the national idea of ​​Kazakhstan should be identified with the Kazakh national idea and become the basis for the revival of the Kazakh nation. This approach is known in science as "ethno-cultural understanding of the nation", where the Kazakh nation is presented as a title. Accordingly, its culture and language are priority and state-important. Proponents of this approach assign special importance to the state for promoting their national idea, which, in their opinion, is called upon to protect the culture of the indigenous ethnic group from the influence of other cultures and globalization, and also to create all conditions for the culture of the Kazakhs to become the basis for the development of the culture of a multinational country. .

3. A completely different point of view is presented in the approach "civil nation". Its supporters believe that the national idea of ​​a multiethnic and multinational state cannot be the idea of ​​only one people. In Kazakhstan, in their opinion, the national idea should become a national one, that is, aimed at uniting and consolidating all members of society, regardless of ethnicity and race. The basis for this unity, in their opinion, will be Kazakh citizenship and equal participation of Kazakhstanis in the political and economic life of society.

The above two approaches are the main ones in determining the nationality of Kazakhstan, and none of them is given priority. As world practice shows, both approaches are equally important, and therefore should complement each other, and not mutually exclude each other. The construction of a nationwide idea is most effective if it proceeds according to the principle of "and-and" and not "either-or" and includes both concepts - civil and titular.

In Kazakhstan, the national idea is represented both through the Kazakh nation and through other ethnic groups inhabiting its territory. Moreover, the Kazakhs, being the titular nation, politically have no more rights than other nationalities of Kazakhstan, and therefore we can say that both approaches are represented - both titular and civil.

The role of the subject of national construction is assumed by the state. It also regulates interethnic relations and, on the basis of the Constitution and Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, all processes occurring in the national sphere. At the same time, the state is guided by the principle of compromise between the interests of the Kazakh part of the population and other ethnic groups of Kazakhstan and does not allow confrontation of ideologies.

The Kazakh national idea is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the Strategy "Kazakhstan-2050", as well as in the works and speeches of the President of the country N.A. Nazarbayev. Its main meaning can be conveyed in the following words: the people and the state should jointly strive to achieve the prosperity of the country, economic growth, interethnic unity, a high level of development of politics, science and culture, and create the most favorable conditions for life.

According to the results of the 1999 census, the population of Kazakhstan is 14.9 million people, of which 53.4% ​​are Kazakhs, 29.9% are Russians, and 16.7% are other ethnic groups. In total, 130 nationalities live in our country. The level of polyethnicity of Kazakhstan is quite high due to the large ratio of the state-forming ethnic group with representatives of other ethnic groups.

If we take into account that the main ethnic groups are those whose representatives make up at least 1% of the country's inhabitants, then in Kazakhstan these include 7 ethnic groups with a significant share, being represented in almost all regions, at the same time having areas of compact residence . But a distinctive feature of the ethnopolitical situation in Kazakhstan is manifested in the relationship between its largest ethnic groups - Kazakh and Russian.

Methodological approaches to the consideration of modern interethnic processes are indicated in the works of the President N.A. Nazarbayev "Kazakhstan-2030", "On the threshold of the XXI century", "Five years of independence", "In the flow of history", etc., in which he constantly emphasizes the importance maintaining the current harmony and cooperation of citizens and the world. In an effort to prevent the possible escalation of conflicting interests into ethnic conflicts, the state pursues a centrist policy.

Working out ethnopolitics Kazakhstan has gone through several difficult and controversial stages during its sovereignty.

Period from December 1986 to December 1991 is the stage of domination of the national paradigm. In Art. 47 of the 1993 Constitution announced an ethnically oriented national policy. The Declaration on State Sovereignty and the Declaration on State Independence of Kazakhstan, adopted earlier, did not contradict the same document, where emphasis was placed on the special status of the Kazakh nation. Thus, the idea of ​​consolidating all ethnic groups around the Kazakh ethnic group was pursued, which did not find support among the majority of the population, because the national paradigm was artificially limited by the idea of ​​obtaining sovereignty.

The second stage is conventionally referred to as dominance of the civil-political idea. It starts in 1992 and continues to this day. At this stage, Kazakhstan is changing the Constitution twice and is trying to find a balance between stability and strong power and democracy. In the text of the last Constitution (1995) there is no division of Kazakhstanis into representatives of the titular and non-titular nations. It clearly expresses the general civil principles of the nature of statehood with the transition to a civil model of the nation. The tolerant aspect of ethnic policy is clearly traced - the elimination of the ethno-national hierarchy and the establishment of inter-ethnic harmony. At the opening of the session of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan on September 1, 2004, N.A. Nazarbayev said that “Interethnic and interfaith harmony should be an integral quality of the common Kazakhstani culture. This should have its own Kazakh spirit. We must consider it our national character trait. We must not allow the growth of tribalism, class confrontation or regionalism.”.

In general, Kazakhstan's state policy in the ethnic sphere is based on the fundamental equality of all citizens of the country, regardless of their nationality, and highlights political stability and consolidation of society on the basis of interethnic harmony and unity as a strategic task. However, the integration of Kazakhstani society ran into a significant contradiction that arose from the implementation of the concept of "nation building".

Analyzing the deep changes in Kazakhstan, the President of the country N.A. Nazarbayev in the book “In the Stream of History” substantiated the need to search for a Kazakhstani model of national identification of citizens, highlighting two levels - ethnic and demotic (civil). Recently, this problem has been repeatedly discussed at many scientific conferences by leading political scientists, philosophers and public figures. Some of them, including the elite of the indigenous ethnic group (as its defenders), - adherents of the ethnic approach. They believe that there is only one nation in Kazakhstan - the Kazakhs, and all other peoples living in the Republic are diasporas. Accordingly, the interests of the titular ethnic group should be a priority: the use of the Kazakh language as the only means of communication in all spheres of Kazakhstani society, the representation of only the Kazakh ethnic group in power.

Those who believe that a “titular”, “indigenous”, “state-forming” ethnic group cannot exist in a fundamentally different position. In their opinion, in Kazakhstan as a multi-ethnic, multicultural state the national idea should be a general civil, nationwide essentially an idea that includes: the equality of all ethnic groups as components of a single co-citizenship of Kazakhstan, proportional representation of all ethnic groups in power, giving the Russian language, along with the Kazakh language, the status of a state language, inherent in all citizens of self-identification - Kazakhstanis. This position is based on:

a) The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, where the preamble states: “We, the people of Kazakhstan, united by a common historical destiny, building statehood on the original Kazakh land, recognizing ourselves as a peaceful civil society…”,

b) the second long-term priority of the strategy "Kazakhstan-2030", aiming at internal political stability and consolidation of society. Although we note right away that it is too early to talk about consolidation in our society without the formation of a national idea.

Supporters of the Kazakh national idea have their adherents, as a rule, among the Kazakhs. Supporters of a civil approach to the national idea are mainly representatives of non-indigenous, primarily Slavic, ethnic groups of the republic, although there are many Kazakhs among its adherents. First of all, the founder and supporter of this idea is the Head of State, who said that “in our understanding, the Kazakh nation is a free association of ethnic groups living in the country, their cultural, political and socio-economic unity while maintaining ethnic diversity”.

At present, in Kazakhstan, the opposite of two approaches to the national idea gives rise to their confrontation, an ideological conflict.

However, at the micro level (among citizens) of both sides, there is a great importance and spread of state-civil identification. According to the results of a study in 2007 conducted by the "Center for Humanitarian Research" (CHI) at the Institute of Philosophy and Political Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan in five regions, the ethnic identity of the respondents does not appear to be the leading one. And the perception of oneself as a Kazakhstani as a bearer of supranational qualities, an exponent of certain traditions common to ethnic groups, value imperatives is typical for 12–45% of the respondents (depending on the nominal groups). In the mentality of citizens, the idea of ​​the Kazakh nation as a supranational community prevails, which expresses political aspirations regarding the formation of a civil community of a political type.

The data presented show the demand for civil identity. It means that:

1) national elites biasedly “reflect the will of the people;

2) citizens associated with different levels and forms of relations with public institutions, prefer not family ties, but the legal field and interaction with state institutions of civil society;

3) citizens who have given preference to civic identity are more prone to interethnic tolerance.

All ethnic groups of the population show high tolerance and readiness for such forms of interethnic interactions as work in a multinational team, neighborly relations, friendship with representatives of other nationalities. Relations between the two large ethnic groups are currently characterized as calm, but they are complex, multi-level, and sometimes contradictory.

State language is the Kazakh language, and in state structures, local governments, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is possible to officially use the Russian language on a par with Kazakh. President N.A. Nazarbayev himself spoke about this more than once, “helping the state language, one cannot belittle the importance of the Russian language…”; „… the Russian language is of international importance, it expands the information field. It is needed both now and in the future”; “... I know that several akims announced the transfer of office work into the state language. Such measures cannot be taken unambiguously. If office work is transferred to the state language, this means that all documents will be drawn up in both the state and Russian languages. If at the meetings the report is in the Kazakh language and there are people in the hall who do not speak the state language, there must be simultaneous translation. No one should be disadvantaged on the basis of language.” The understanding of the need to study and develop the state language is growing in society, the necessary conditions are being created for intensive teaching of the state language to various segments of the population. Only as wishes, those wishing to learn the state language express an improvement in the quality of teaching the Kazakh language.

The President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev spoke during the "straight line" about what should form the basis National idea of ​​Kazakhstan. “The national idea is born with the development of society. The development of Kazakhstan until 2030, it seems to me, is the basis of our idea- said the head of state.

Ideas should be based four factors: “First is national unity second- strong competitive economy. I spoke about this, it is necessary for strengthening independence and for the well-being of people. Third, I'm talking about an intelligent, creative society. If we want to be on a par with everyone and survive in a global world, we must have an intelligent society"- said the head of state.

fourth The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan named the building of Kazakhstan as a respected state as a component. "We must build our society - these are the four foundations for the successful development of our Motherland"- concluded N. A. Nazarbayev.

National idea of ​​Kazakhstan based:

1. On the unity of the people and a competitive economy. It should include not only the general spiritual idea of ​​various nations and ethnic groups living on the territory of the republic, but also the broader concept of "civil nation". In the future, this will contribute to increasing the stability and internal security of the country, since the formation of a common civil community will make it possible to smooth out contradictions and conflicts of values ​​between different ethnic groups in a timely and effective manner.

2. The national idea of ​​Kazakhstan should be based on a common understanding and recognition of the native country - the Republic of Kazakhstan. Not Kazakhs as one dominant nation, but Kazakhstanis as a synthesis of many nations and ethnic groups should become the foundation on which a strong and democratic multinational state is being built and will continue to be built. Kazakhstan is our common home, respectively, Kazakhstanis are one people. Only realizing this and demonstrating high patriotism, it is possible to implement the most daring undertakings. The President of the country N.A. Nazarbayev, speaking at the XII session of the Assembly of Peoples of Kazakhstan, emphasized: "We must be a united and cohesive nation, a nation that will be integrated by common values, with a harmonious linguistic environment, a nation that looks to the future, not the past."

3. When developing a national idea, it is necessary to take into account the important factor that the Kazakh people formed in the country are not emigrants. And the situation is fundamentally different from the one that exists in the United States of America or Australia, where the indigenous population of the country is not a titular one. The Kazakh nation is directly connected with the territory of Kazakhstan by ethnic and historical roots, and therefore it is obvious that the Kazakhs are both the indigenous population of the country and its titular nation.

4. It is necessary to reconstruct the traditional culture of the Kazakhs. During the reign of the Russian Empire and Soviet power, many elements of the Kazakh culture itself were lost or forgotten, and therefore their revival at a new stage is of fundamental importance. We mean only those elements of culture that could organically fit into modern culture and play a positive role in the self-identification of the Kazakh nation.

The search and definition of the national idea is not the work of one thinker or politician, it is a united and intensified work of the whole people. However, it is possible to note the main trends along this path - the Kazakh model of the national idea is built on the principle of "and-and", including both the ethno-cultural concepts of the nation and civil ones. Their organic synthesis and harmony will become the basis for the steady and continuous growth of the country.

_________________________________________

* According to the article by K. K. Begalinova, M. S. Ashinola, A. S. Begalinov “On some aspects of the concept of “National Idea” / History of Kazakhstan: teaching in schools and universities. - 2015 - №2. - P.9–15

On December 28, 2015, President N. Nazarbayev signed Decree No. 147 "On the approval of the Concept for the strengthening and development of Kazakhstani identity and unity"(http://www.akorda.kz/ Normative legal acts)

This concept is based on the nationwide patriotic idea "Mangilik El", put forward by the President of the country, and on such values ​​as civil equality, diligence, honesty, the cult of learning and education, a secular country.

In addition, the concept will be based on national values ​​based on cultural, ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity.

»Kazakh identity and unity is a continuous generational process. It is based on the fact that every citizen, regardless of ethnic origin, links his fate and future with Kazakhstan.

A common past, a common present and a common responsibility for the future bind society into one: "We have one Fatherland, one Motherland - Independent Kazakhstan." The awareness of this choice is the main unifying principle,- the document says.

One of the objectives of the concept- the formation of a society of labor and professionals, in which such values ​​as family, friendship, unity, as well as diligence, honesty, learning and education, and trilingualism are cultivated.

To implement the Concept, it is planned:

creation of a national calendar of holidays;

modernization of the system of using state symbols;

further dissemination of the successful experience of individual regions in the formation of cultural and tourist clusters and ethnic villages;

development of charity and mediation under the auspices of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan.

"Introduction of the values ​​of the national patriotic idea "Mangilik El" into the curricula will allow educating the younger generation in the spirit of new Kazakhstani patriotism",- also noted in the document.

In order to introduce trilingual education, a special Roadmap will be implemented, state programs for the development and functioning of languages ​​and the development of education and science until 2020 will be modernized, and an information Action Plan to promote trilingual education will be implemented. A national center for the study of Kazakh values ​​will be created. The term for the implementation of the Concept is from 2015 to 2025.

Another important historical stage in the formation of a new system of values ​​and the resolution of contradictions in public consciousness is the search and definition of the basis of a new worldview, a nationwide Kazakh idea. In the process of formation of independent Kazakhstan, the Kazakh national idea was transformed into the Kazakh national idea, absorbing all the wealth of the former. It is necessary to understand the Kazakh idea as a form of resolving social contradictions, a value-normative definition, as an existential, including a universal and integrative content that contributes to the internal unity, stability and stability of our transit society - and at the same time colored by the inner light of conviction, personal consent, approval of all those who forms the entire multicultural people of Kazakhstan. It is clear that when studying the topic “Kazakh national idea”, it is logical to turn to the experience of other peoples, who faced a similar task at certain stages of history. It is necessary to generalize and study the experience of other countries and peoples in the search for a national idea. This is necessary, but only in order to identify the characteristic features, the essence of the Kazakh idea. To substantiate the national idea, it is necessary to determine its main subjects, whose interests it must defend and protect within the framework of a single unitary state. In fact, there is a Kazakh idea that upholds and defends the interests of an integrating Kazakh nation and other ethnic groups as a well-defined state unity.

Today, the Kazakh idea has been transformed and realized in the form of Kazakhstan as a sovereign national state. A sovereign independent state appeared on the world map 20 years ago, declaring itself loudly in the international arena, becoming a full partner of the democratic community of states. But the solution of this grandiose task has put Kazakhstan before a new problem: using the mighty potential of the Kazakh national idea, to form a Kazakh idea capable of uniting, integrating all ethnic groups-diasporas of the republic in the era of globalization. The national idea should follow from the entire logic of national history and culture and be based on universal human values ​​and the constitution of the country. It defines the contours of the future, being the determination of the future. Generalizing historical experience, revealing tendencies of historical development, the idea goes beyond the limits of this experience. The President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, formulated the following five principles that underlie the national idea of ​​Kazakhstan: 1) the actual and legal equality of all ethnic groups of the republic; 2) the Kazakh people is a state-forming ethnic group, therefore it is responsible to other ethnic groups, and other ethnic groups should be sympathetic to the self-expression of the Kazakh nation; 3) religious identity and tolerance of peoples; 4) education of Kazakhstani patriotism; 5) development of small and medium-sized businesses, the formation of the Kazakh middle class. All other ethnic groups should deeply realize that the heroic and persistent Kazakh people, who currently make up more than 65% of the total population of the country, have no desire to dominate them today. The Kazakh idea is the idea of ​​democratic openness, social justice, a symbol of the formation of a new spiritual and moral space and the revival on its basis of the national identity of each ethnic group, the creation of a strong and civilized independent statehood as a guarantor of harmony, peace and prosperity. The Kazakh national idea is designed to promote internal unity, sustainability and stability of society, cohesion and mutual understanding, thereby strengthening independent statehood. It should contribute to the resolution of contradictions between the interests of various ethnic groups, confessions, social strata in order to form a socio-economic, political, and most importantly, spiritual and moral integrity that makes up the entire Kazakh people. The decisive role belongs to the dominant ethnic group. Having realized their long-standing dream, the Kazakh folk idea of ​​“Atameken”, in the form of national sovereignty, the Kazakhs discovered that they had a truly historical mission: to unite all ethnic groups-diasporas who live in Kazakhstan into a strong democratic cultural unity, consider it their homeland, sincerely and deeply love the ancient land of the Kazakhs and do not want to leave it either today or tomorrow. The dialogue of various ethnic groups, based on the national idea, is the basis for the formation of the Kazakh people, which therefore implies the will to cooperate, mutual understanding and harmony, especially the highly tolerant Kazakh people. With the further development of Kazakhstan as an independent state, the integrating role of the Kazakh nation in the system of interethnic relations of the country will increase. Therefore, in the study of our topic, the guideline will be the study of national sovereignty as a factor in the consolidation of a multi-ethnic and multicultural Kazakh society and the relationship between the idea of ​​national sovereignty and the Kazakh national idea. In the face of the upcoming globalization, the national idea should inspire and aim at strengthening the national independence and ideological security of the country, sovereignty, preserving the original, unique culture of the Kazakhs in its dialogue with the cultures of other ethnic groups within a unitary state. Kazakh culture contains the richest consolidating spiritual and moral potential. The national idea is capable of uniting, rallying all the ethnic groups of Kazakhstan into a single people. For Americans, this inspiring idea is success, the opportunity to move up the social ladder at any cost. Dialogue in modern conditions is a priority form of resolving conflicts and contradictions, a way in which the modern world arranges itself, striving for harmony and mutual understanding. Recently, people have often appealed to dialogue, but it is important not only to proclaim it and declare it, but also to really enter into a dialogue, being aware of its various types and levels. Such a deep dialogue is the way by which the Kazakh national idea can acquire the status of a Kazakh one, integrating all ethnic groups into a single people, able not only to preserve its cultural and national identity in the process of globalization, but also become a necessary structuring factor for its implementation. Only a national idea can become a real force contributing to entry into the world community with a sense of national pride, with a sense of one's own significance and weight. The ideology also includes a number of national interests that determine the policy of the state for the coming years. This is, first of all, the economic growth and cultural upsurge of the Kazakh nation itself; the revival of the village, the countryside. National interests involve the development of special social programs to support the material and spiritual development of the Kazakhs and other ethnic groups. The system of ideas and interests is structured according to the principle of dialogue. Such an ideology will help strengthen national independence and security, civil and cultural identity of Kazakhstan, help the country not only survive and preserve its national identity in the face of growing globalization, but also become a prerequisite for its transformation, successful implementation under the sign of "another globalization". Kazakhstan has something to present to the world. The experience of mutual understanding and mutual agreement of many ethnic groups and confessions, revealed to the world by independent and sovereign Kazakhstan, becomes especially significant.

Thus, the Kazakh national idea seems to be the Kazakh national idea, introduced into scientific circulation as the most important explanatory principle for studying the complex problems of sustainable development of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization. Now we can talk about the Kazakh idea as a form of resolving interethnic contradictions, as a way of interethnic integration and harmony based on a skillful combination of the interests of the Kazakh nation and other national diasporas within the framework of a single unitary state, where a single cohesive Kazakh people is being formed. The current aspirations, vital imperatives and civilizational ideals of Kazakhstanis listed above can reflect the content of the national idea of ​​Kazakhstan, at least for the coming decades. The proposed formulation of the national idea, consolidating and uniting the entire multi-ethnic society, strengthening the vector of civil identification, solving the most important socio-economic and political problems of strengthening the state, forming a new system of values, will help strengthen Kazakhstan's position in an increasingly globalized world. In the proposed form, the national idea can act as a real practical mechanism for mobilizing the entire country in the face of the modern challenges of globalization. At a new historical turn, the ideal of harmony, mutual understanding and tolerance of all ethnic groups and social strata, the individual and society, the individual and the state, becomes the dominant of public consciousness in Kazakhstan. Tolerant consciousness and a culture of consent. These terms make it possible to delve into the essence of the most pressing problems of modern Kazakhstan and the problem of resolving the contradictions of public consciousness. The policy of President Nursultan Nazarbayev has provided Kazakhstan with a solid place among the young democratic states of the world and has created a reputation and authority as one of the most promising in terms of democratic progress - and, consequently, the socio-political harmony of countries in the post-Soviet space. It can be said that the solution of internal problems of Kazakhstan and the model of a multi-ethnic society created by it can, in a certain sense, serve as a model for the international community and for other countries to join the culture of consent and tolerance. When it comes to unity and harmony, first of all, it concerns interethnic and intercultural interaction. Being a multiethnic, multicultural state, Kazakhstan considers this circumstance as the most important value, enriching the range of opportunities for the development of the country. More than 130 ethnic groups live in peace and harmony, not knowing strife and clashes. In many ways, this is a great merit of the Kazakh ethnic group, which has a tolerant consciousness. It is important for us to realize that the theme of a tolerant consciousness and a culture of consent by no means excludes the problems of contradictions and conflicts. Consent is achieved precisely through the resolution of contradictions and difficulties, and not through their suppression and regulation. The prospect of a culture of harmony and coexistence of ethnic groups in Kazakhstan, the formation of a tolerant consciousness, is primarily associated with the interaction of the Kazakh and Russian ethnic groups that dominate in the country. They have a solid base for deep intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding. Kazakhstan found itself between Europe and Asia. Therefore, by its status it is a Eurasian country, a part of the Eurasian civilization. It should be especially noted here that the border between the largest world religions - Islam and Christianity, representing the religions of two superethnoi: Turanian and Slavic, runs through the Eurasian space. At first glance, it may seem that the natural path of development of modern Kazakhstan is its entry into the Turkic-Islamic world, with which it is connected by a centuries-old commonality of national roots, languages, traditions, and customs.

At present, the main task of Kazakhstan's domestic policy is not only the preservation and strengthening of interethnic harmony, but the preservation, strengthening, above all, religious tolerance, interfaith dialogue and harmony. The young capital of independent Kazakhstan has become an active conductor of modern forms of space for interfaith communication, undertaking a number of extraordinary initiatives, one might say, of a historical, universal nature. This idea is truly worthy of the great destiny of the young capital of Kazakhstan, located in the heart of the ancient Kazakh steppes, in the center of Eurasia, at the crossroads of East and West, South and North, Europe and Asia. Following the traditions of tolerance, Astana has built an unprecedented strategy of interfaith dialogue as the basis for spiritual harmony and mutual understanding of the peoples of the planet Earth. The experience of Kazakhstan is irrefutable evidence that dialogue and mutual understanding can become a real platform for a democratic state in which multi-ethnicity is perceived as a national wealth. The culture of harmony and coexistence of peoples requires great efforts, intensive work, inexhaustible energy.

Thus, over the years of independence, a radical transformation of public consciousness has taken place in Kazakhstan. The change in the socio-cultural and political paradigm, the formation of new economic structures and strong presidential power, the development of democracy, civil society and the social state, the demand for initiative and enterprise of citizens, the rejection of paternalism, the entry of Kazakhstan into the world community as a full-fledged subject of international relations - all these global changes have become possible only because a new system of values ​​has been formed. Kazakhstan, which has taken a strong position in the world civilizational space, is gaining momentum in socio-economic, spiritual and cultural development. The transformation of public consciousness continues, promising to unleash new potentials of creative, social activity of Kazakhstanis, focused on the creation of a civil society and a democratic state with the priorities of spirituality, morality, and humanity. Kazakh culture and Kazakh national identity have become the center of the worldview, around which all the other ethnic groups of the republic have united, showing tolerance and spiritual harmony. A true triumph of the Kazakh model of interethnic and interfaith harmony, developed and implemented by the President of the Republic N.A. Nazarbayev, the congresses of leaders of world and traditional religions, which are regularly convened in Astana, have become a real dialogue platform, causing a wide resonance of the world community. In the Message of the President N.A. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan "New Decade - New Economic Rise - New Opportunities for Kazakhstan" notes the need to implement the Strategy for the Post-Crisis Development of Kazakhstan until 2020 through the State Program of Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development of the Republic, accelerated diversification of the national economy. This requires, first of all, the spiritual and moral revival and development of a person, his consciousness, subjectivity, mentality, competitiveness.