Rule one and two n in adverbs. One and two letters n in adverbs in -o and -e

We encounter written language everywhere: in social networks, in short messages to friends and family, in official letters to colleagues, and for some at school. Very often, children and adults have difficulty writing one or two "n" in adverbs, because this topic is one of the most difficult in the Russian language.

The adverb is...

How do you usually laugh? Fun, loud, modest? And what part of speech characterizes your laughter? This is an adverb, it helps us to describe our actions (walking fast, living together), some sign (very fast, very cheerful), an object (reading aloud, walking). To find an adverb in the text, it is enough to ask the question: “how?”, “Where?”, “When?”, “Where?”, “Where?”, “Why?”, “What for?”. Adverbs are unchangeable morphological units, they cannot be declined or conjugated, they have no endings, gender or number. And only qualitative adverbs can have degrees of comparison.

Meanings of adverbs

According to the meaning, adverbs are divided into two categories: circumstantial and attributive.

Circumstances (indicate a sign of action):

• Time (came yesterday).
• Measures and degrees (a bit late).
• Mode of action (runs fast).
• Places (walking in the distance).
• Reasons (shouted rashly).
• Goals (dropped by accident).

Determinative (denoting a sign of quality, another sign):

• Quantitative (sleep a lot).
• Quality (terribly tired).
• Comparisons and assimilations (like a wolf howl).
• Method and manner of action (to travel by swimming).
• Aggregates (sitting together).

Comparisons of adverbs

Adverbs, like adjectives, can have comparative and superlative degrees.

A comparative degree is understood as any sign that manifests itself to a greater or lesser extent. It is formed using the words "more", "less", suffixes "-her", "-her", "-e", "-she". For example, quieter, quieter.

Used to add expression, designate the highest category of some quality. Such a degree is formed with the help of a comparative degree and the words "all", "all". For example: quietest of all, loudest of all.

How many letters "n" write?

How many letters to write? Let's remember when one and two "n" are written in adverbs. The rule sounds short and clear: the same number of letters "n" are put in the adverb as there are in the word from which it is formed. For example: windy (adjective) - windy (adverb), fiery (adjective) - fiery (adverb).

Why do errors occur?

If the rule is as simple as it seems at first glance, then why are there mistakes in writing one and two "n" in adverbs? Let's look at the root cause.

Inability to identify parts of speech. The rules for writing one and two letters "n" for all parts of speech are different, therefore, if you do not determine the morphological belonging of the word correctly, you can make a mistake. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives and participles. Therefore, in order to determine whether one or two "n" are written in the suffixes of adverbs, we first need to find out how the word from which this adverb is formed is written.

In order to make the right choice, you need to remember the rule for choosing one and two letters "n" in adjectives. As we remember, two letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives, if;

1. It is formed using the suffixes "-enn-", "-onn-".
2. A lexical unit is formed with the help of a noun with a base on "n".
3. In the exception words "tin", "wooden", "glass".
4. One letter "n" is written if the adjective is formed using the suffixes "-an-", "-yan-", "-in-". For example, the adverb "usually" is formed from the adjective "ordinary". Since in the adjective "ordinary", formed with the help of the suffix "-enn-", two letters "n" are written, then in the adverb "usually" - too.

In participles, the double letter "n" is written in the following cases:

1. There is a prefix other than "not-".
2. The word is formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb (except for "wounded").
3. There is a dependent word.
4. This language unit is formed using the suffixes "-ovan-", "-evan-". Exception words: "forged", "chewed", "pecked".

One letter "n" is written if:

1. The participle comes from an imperfective verb without a prefix. Exception words: "desired", "unexpected", "unexpected", "unexpected".
2. This is a short communion. For example, the adverb "organized" is formed from the participle "organized". Since this participle is formed using the suffix "-ovan-", two letters "n" are written in it, therefore, in the adverb too.

How not to make a mistake?

How not to make a mistake when using the rule of one and two letters "n" in adverbs? To do this, when you see a word in front of you that you find it difficult to write, a certain algorithm of actions should appear in your head.

What should it be?

Determine the part of speech that is in front of you (you can ask a question). So, you have an adverb. Now you need to find out what word it is formed from.

• If on behalf of an adjective, then we recall whether this word is an exception. If not, then we use the rule of writing single and double "n" in adjectives.
• We put as many "n" as there are in the adjective.
• If the adverb is formed from participle, we determine whether single or double "n" is written in this word according to the rule.
• We write the same number of "n" as in the sacrament.

To consolidate the algorithm according to the rule of one and two "n" in adverbs, we use the phrase "the area is deserted" as an example. "Pustynna" is a qualitative adverb, answers the question "what is it?", is formed from the adjective "desert", so the remote "n" is written.

Try to exercise. Determine the spelling of the highlighted words:

• go slow_o;
• the holiday was organized_o;
• listen to the task of scattering_o;
• dress sophistication_o;
• talk puta_o;
• inability to fall asleep;
• speak enthusiastically about;
• look disappointing_o;
• desperate to fight;
• smile embarrassedly;
• swim slowly;
• thought about saying goodbye.

As you can see, in order to correctly write adverbs, you need to know the rules of the Russian language well and skillfully use them in practice. If you do not neglect the laws of spelling, then there will be no problems!

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech is included in the Unified State Exam in Russian for Grade 11 (task 14).

The number of letters H in the suffix depends on the part of speech of the word.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of denominative adjectives

One H is written in suffixes:

• -AN- and -YAN- (clay, sand, etc.), except for exceptions: glass, tin, wood;
• -IN- possessive adjectives (ant, mouse, etc.).

Double H is written:

• if the adjective is formed from a noun with a stem ending in H, using the suffix -H- (foggy, valuable, etc.), with the exception of: young, ruddy, porky, zealous, tanned, blue, green, crimson;
• in the suffixes -ONN- and -ENN- (lecture, countless, etc.), except for the exception: windy (however, windless - with the prefix HH).

It is necessary to distinguish between the suffixes -ENN- and -YAN-: The suffix -YAN- is usually present in the word simultaneously with the stressed ending -OY (herbal, windy, etc.), except for words formed from nouns ending in -MYA (seed, nominal, tribal, etc.).

It is also necessary to distinguish between the adjectives oily (verbal, meaning “with oil on the surface”) and oily (denominated, meaning “made from oil”): oily frying pan (covered with oil) and oil cream (made on the basis of oil).

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives

To determine the number of letters H in the suffix, you need to use the algorithm:

1. Determine the type of verb from which the participle or verbal adjective is formed (ask a question to the verb: if the question is “what to do?”, then the type is imperfect, if the question is “what to do?”, then the type is perfect. You can also check the form of the verb in another way: if the verb (and the participle or verbal adjective, respectively) has any prefix, except for NOT- and SEMI-, then the aspect is perfect, otherwise the aspect is imperfect):
   • If the species is perfect, -НН- is written in the suffix (soaked, fried, etc.);
   • If the view is imperfect, go to step 2;
2. Check if the participle or verbal adjective has dependent words:
   • If there is, then -НН- is written in the suffix (fried in oil, etc.);
   • If not, then go to step 3;
3. Check if the participle or verbal adjective has the suffix -OVA- or -ЁВА-:
   • If there is, then the suffix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten -НН- (pickled, seconded, etc.);
   • If not, then -Н- is written in the suffix (fried, wounded, etc.).

It is worth remembering the spelling of the following words and phrases:

• with one H: forged, chewed, pecked, smart, rabid, dowry, named brother, planted father, forgiveness Sunday, melted butter, patched-patched (and similar words);
• with double H: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, desired, cutesy, unexpected, counted, seen, heard, done, seen, unexpected, sacred, slow, offended, decided, deprived, captivated, abandoned, said, given, let in, forgiven, promised , bought, inspired, heated house.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of short participles and adjectives and adverbs

The number of H depends on the part of speech:

• Short participles always have one N in the suffix (they answer the questions “what is done (o / a / s)?”, “what is done (o / a / s)?” Is there a dependent word or is it implied, a short participle can be replaced by verb in a sentence): he is confident in a friend;
• Short verbal adjectives have as many N in the suffix as there are in the full form (they answer the question “what (o / a / s)?”): she was confident and proud;
• Adverbs ending in -O, formed from adjectives or participles, have as many N in the suffix as there are in the adjective or participle from which they are formed (answer the question "how?"): he felt confident.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in noun suffixes

If a noun is formed from a noun with a stem ending in H, using suffixes:

• -NICK- or -NITs-, then -НН- is written in the word (admirer, admirer, etc.);
• -OST-, then -Н- is written in the word (laziness, etc.).

If a noun is formed from an adjective or participle with a stem ending in H using the suffixes -IK-, -IC-, -OST-, then it has as many Hs in the suffix as there are in the adjective or participle from which it is formed: smoked meat (from "smoked"), confusion (from "tangled"), etc.

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For example.

triumph Hno- triumph HH th.

Interest But– interest H th.

Puta But- puta H th.

Exercise

Check if you spelled the phrases correctly.

cried out in fright HH O,

watched scattering HH O,

does the trick H O,

treated lightly HH O,

waited forever H O,

talk deliberation HH O,

answer puta H O,

time HH about being absent.

H and HH in adverbs for -O, -E

Adverbs must be distinguished from short participles, in which N is written, and from short adjectives, in which as many N are written as in the full form.

For example. How?

The class concentrated (attentively) listened to the teacher's explanations (adverb).

The face was focused, seriously (cr. adj.).

The troops were concentrated on the plain (kr.prich.).

(focused)

Check exercise.

1. Exhibition organized H and sponsors (kr.prich.).

2. The tour was organized HH o (adverb).

3. The student is disciplined HH and organize HH a (cr.adj.).

4. Everyone listened to the message excitedly HH she R.).

6. Collection excitedly H about the message (kr.parch.).

7. She was inattentive H and scattering HH a (cr.adj.).

8. Yesterday he listened to scattering HH o (adverb).

9. Seeds of scattering H s across the field (kr.prich.).

Remember! Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include: UNexpected SLOW STRANGE SACRED SQUISHED DELICATED WANTED CRAZY MADE UNSeen UNHEARD UNWANTED UNEXPECTED NEEDED PRECIOUS RED SPICE GREEN th smart named (brother) planted (father)

Nouns and adverbs.

In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)

Remember! Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception!

These include:

scammer Nick toiler Nick

nephew

dowry

Action algorithm.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Parsing the task.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3)

A. 1) 1.2 2) 1.3 3) 1.2.3 4)

1 Manners (what?) of refinement (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by a full form of sophistication ... th. We determine the spelling of the full form: sophistication ... th is formed from the verb to find, in which there is a prefix from-.

Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.

Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective, formed from the imperfective verb to bridge. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, since it can be replaced by the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.

So the correct answer is #4.

Practice.

1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written? The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.

1) 1 2) 1, 2 3) 3 4) 1, 2, 3 2.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one letter H is written? In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures more closely (1) with smeared (2) soot faces, a girl's figure in a snow-white dress with plaited (3) sleeves stands out brightly.

1) 1 2) 2, 3 3) 1, 3 4) 1, 2 3.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one letter H is written? In the painting “Kermessa”, Rubens depicted a crowd of hot (1) townspeople, desperate (2) about dancing beche (3) dance. 1) 1 2) 1, 2 3) 3 4) 1, 3

Answers: 3, 3, 3.

1. How can an adjective be distinguished from a participle? (If there are no dependent words and there is no prefix, then this is an adjective: a laden wagon, a knitted jacket. In short adjectives, as many -Н- are written as in full ones). But in short participles, one letter N is always written.

2) Short verbal adjectives can be distinguished from short participles by the fact that they do not have an object after themselves that answers the question “with what? by whom?".

For example. The population was gathered by the head of the garrison.

She was brought up with strict rules.

3) Short adjectives can be replaced by other adjectives

The girl is well-read (smart, erudite)

Distinguish adverbs from adjectives and participles.

Divide the phrases into the columns of the table

He looked surprised, irritated by the noise, his muscles were tense, his gait was slow,

help is provided, everyone is surprised, he did exactly the right thing, lived securely, spoke irritably, worked hard, walked slowly, the design was perfect.

· Generalization.

What sections of the science of language did we remember? (Orthoepy, word formation, morphology, morphemics, syntax).

Homework.

Lesson topic: One and two letters n in adverbs for -o and -e.

1. Org. moment

Hello guys, have a seat.

Now we will write down a sentence from dictation and analyze it.

Suddenly the forest ended, and, opening up to the far blue sky, the dewy brightness of the meadows hit my eyes. (V. Soloukhin.)

Tasks:

- Explain verbally and graphically the terms of fastingnew punctuation marks.

Students identify two grammatical bases:forest con chilled, the brightness hit; say the offercomplex (complex), build a diagram[=-], and [=-]. The circuit construction is checked (image on the screen).

Then they find the adverbial turnover, in detailtelling how they do it (raising the question of what to dolava? or whataffairsme?, looking for dependent words).I draw the attention of the students to the fact that the union was betweencommas.

- How the adverb is formedsuddenly?

We write down:suddenly  unexpected.

- How many n in an adverb formed from an adjectivewith nn?

We write down:strongly  strong.

- How manyn in an adverb formed from an adjectivewith n?

I say that this is not an accident, but a patternfor adverbs in -o,-e, formed from the adjective: prepositionI ask students to formulate a rule about spellingn, n in adverbs.

Work with the words prepared before the lesson on the sheets. Students fill in the missingletters, explain the conditions for choosing a spelling and write downnext to the adverb formed from the given adjective, denotingyut spelling "H, nn in adverbs to-oh, -e. The class doeswork in notebooks.

Art..th

slow..thsilver..th
glassy
skin…th

humble..th

fright..th

excited..th

traditionally. .th

ideal. .th

complacent..th

nonsense. .th

We compare the completed work with the sample on the screen:

Artificial(artificially)

slow(slowly)
silver
glass
leather

modest(modestly)

frightened(scared)

excited(excitedly)

traditional(traditionally)

ideal(perfect)

complacent(compassionately)

awkward(absurd)

Why not from all adjectives you could formadverbs? (They are formed from qualitative ones, they indicate the image of actionia - how the action is performed.)

What you need to know to choose the right spelling inadverbs n and nn?

1. Know that the adverb is formed from the adjective from toby the power of the suffixes -o and-e.

2. Know how much n is written in that adjective from whichan adverb is formed.

I propose to remember the table"N Andnn in namesadjectives" (shown on the screen):

1) -enn-, -onn-

exception:windy

2) n + n

excl.

3) glasstinwood

An-, -yan-

In-

En-, -n-(in adjectives,derived from verbs imperfectnogo type:salty)

3. Distinguish an adverb from a short participle.

How many n is written in shortparts(letter sent) and I propose to compare two proposals:

noun what is it?

1) Sea excitedly storm.

ch.How?

2) The speaker spoke excitedly.

- How to determine which part of speech are the samesounding words in the first and second sentence? (1) We put a wopgrew up, 2) we determine their syntactic role, 3) we look at howwhat part of speech depends: spoke how?excitedly (action imageviya, depends on the verb) - adverb; what is the sea like? What about himhappening?excitedly (the predicate depends on the name of the entitynoun) - a short participle.

Make short sentences with wordsscattered - distracted, frightened - frightened, organized - organized But. (The boy listens absently. - The grain is scattered across the field. Re The benok looked frightened at the stranger. - child is frightened by the dog. The meeting was very well organized. - It was organized by seventh graders.)

I warn you that there is another difficulty; byvano so that the word is a predicate, answers the question to ato o to o? k a k o v a ?, but spelled withnn.

- When does this happen?

Work in the textbook read the sentence under the number 1. Explain the spelling n andnn. They argue like this: lookedHow?absently - this is a circumstance expressed by an adverb, which is formed from an adjectivefootscattered, i.e.inattentive, writenn, depends onverb;

what is the girl?distracted - this is a predicate, connected witha noun, but this is not a short participle, but a shortsome adjective, since it does not have the meaning of a sign according toaction, there is a value of quality -inattentive but in a nutshellwhich adjective is written as much n as in full.

I propose to considertable (table displayed on the screen):

Circumstance

How?

adverb VIII . Homework : p.38, orf.59, exercise 236