Yalta nature reserve animals and plants. Yalta mountain forest reserve in Crimea

Located in the Crimea. It was organized in 1973, on February 20. The total area of ​​the reserve is 14523 hectares.

The reserve includes 4 forestries: Alupkinskoe, Livadia, Gurzufskoe, Landslide. There are various attractions in the protected lands, in particular Devil's Ladder pass, Wuchang-su waterfall, three-eyed cave, mountains Ai-Petri.

Yalta Reserve extends along the coast of the Black Sea from Foros to Gurzof, from the southwest to the northeast. The highest point of the reserve is a mountain called Roca - 1349 meters. The reserve covers the southern slope of the Main Ridge, composed of rocks of various ages.

The climate in the reserve is close to Mediterranean. In its upper part there is a temperate humid climate. The average temperature in July is +24C, in January - +3.5C. The average annual temperature is +13C. The frost-free period lasts for 247 days. The snow cover is kept, as a rule, within 11 days. Annually in the reserve falls from 550 to 560 mm of precipitation.

Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve and its flora

The first of them grows on the coastal lower slopes. This is a forest of downy oak interspersed with groves of pistachio blunt and high juniper. After felling, the main rocks are often replaced by thickets of hornbeam oriental and thorny hornbeam.

The second forest belt is located at an altitude of 400-900 meters. It is composed of Crimean pine interspersed with ash, hornbeam, rocky oak.

As for the third forest belt, it is located at an altitude of 900 meters and is represented by pine and beech forests. On the yaylah meadow plant and mountain-steppe communities dominate.

Flora of the Yalta Reserve It is represented by 1363 species of vascular plants, among which there are many endemic species: the Crimean breakwater, Yaylinsky, Steven's sunflower, Crimean geranium, Crimean peony, palmate rank, deaf naked nettle, Sobolev stone-lover, Crimean bindweed, low carnation and others.

In addition, the local flora includes 78 species of plants included in Red Book of Ukraine. These are Crimean adenophora, dull pistachio, small-fruited strawberry, Siberian Sobolevsky, Crimean cistus, Crimean violet, Crimean peony, green-colored tar, Bieberstein's sapling, Crimean backache, high juniper, maidenhair venerin hair, Persian edge-grass, numerous types of orchids.

Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve and its wildlife

mammals are represented by 37 species, including European roe deer, European hare, Crimean subspecies of the fox, white-beard, Crimean subspecies of weasel, badger, mouflon, red deer and others.

reptiles are represented by yellow-bellied, yellow-bellied and leopard snake, copperfish, Crimean lizard, Crimean gecko and others.
The species composition of amphibians is rather poor, represented by 4 species. So, in the reserve you can see the green toad, tree frog, lake frog and crested newt.

Rare and protected species include the following: badger, small shrew, bats, evening bats, tricolor and Nutter's bats, small and large horseshoe bats and others. also in Yalta Reserve there are different kinds of insects.

In January of this year, many of you supported the appeal "Stop the destruction of the Yalta mountain and forest nature reserve!" - against the legalization of the illegal seizure of almost 1,000 hectares of its land, which is being prepared in accordance with the "Project for changing the boundaries and expanding the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve." Over the past time, we have received answers to it, with colleagues from other organizations sent requests that more accurately clarified the situation.

Now, based on the results of our correspondence, it can be argued that the situation around the Yalta Reserve casts doubt on the future of the entire natural reserve fund of Ukraine. After all, despite the protests and demands of the public, the project, according to which part of the lands of the reserve will go under private estates, is moving through the authorities and receiving all the necessary approvals. Now we can safely say that the deriban of protected lands was planned at the highest level!

A cloud hung over Yalta back in 2011, when the President of Ukraine announced the need to structure and "expand" the lands of the reserve. This idea was picked up, and already at the end of the year, with money from the budget of Ukraine, the Crimean Academy of Sciences developed a project to "expand" the territory of the reserve. And the mechanism turned...

Now the "expansion project" has received the name "the project of changing the boundaries of the Yalta mountain-forest nature reserve", and it solves all the problems of the deribans. Here you have the pipeline (the decision on which was blocked by the public back in 2010), and all the illegal allocation of land in the reserve (precisely illegal - after all, since Soviet times, not a single piece of land has been officially transferred to anyone, and about 1000 hectares of protected lands - which will quickly find owners.

The most interesting thing in this situation is that our rulers do not show any documents to the people - neither the CAS report, nor the project itself for changing the boundaries of the territory. Documentation, which should be put up for public discussion, is classified for a reason. After all, it is practically impossible to justify the need to carry out any work at the expense of the lands of the reserve.

But back to our appeal. According to the response of the Ministry of Ecological and Resources, the draft "change of borders" was agreed upon and sent for consideration by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Presidential Administration and the Cabinet of Ministers simply ignored the appeal, and the Crimean Prosecutor's Office cannot deal with illegal land allocations.

In the hope of rectifying the situation, and taking into account the answers received, we turned to the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Environmental Policy Irina Sekh - since the project documentation is not provided for public access, and the issues of existing illegal seizures of the reserve's lands have not been resolved, at the moment we consider it necessary to any withdrawal of land from the Yalta Reserve to introduce a moratorium.

In general, if the Yalta Reserve still has a chance, then only in the case of a mass public campaign in its defense.

For her, we hope, the information received by us and the Lviv "EcoPravom" ("Ecology. Law. Man") will be useful.
1. Answer of the Republican Committee for Land Resources of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

2. Answer of the Ministry of Ecology and Resources.

3. Answer of the Republican Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea for Environmental Protection.

4. Answer of the Republican Committee of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea on issues of forestry and hunting.

5. Answer of the Prosecutor's Office of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

6. A very informative response received by colleagues from the IBO "Ecology. Law. Man".

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CONTACT:
Oleg Vyatkin, ECG "Pechenegs": tel. 0951396278, trolll_ecoukr.net
Prepared by the Pechenegs ECG, a member of the International Socio-Ecological Union.

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The Supreme Court, as part of a collegium of the Cassation Criminal Court, in its decision dated March 5, 2020 in case No. there is an interrogation of a person, not an interference in private life.

This autumn, the Crimean media are full of headlines of a very different tone - from full of optimism and confidence "In Crimea, they plan to determine the boundaries of the Yalta Reserve by December" to the pessimistic "The boundaries of the Yalta Reserve will never be determined." Close attention has been drawn to this issue not only by the inhabitants of Crimea (primarily the residents of Yalta). Guests of Big Yalta tend to the resort, including for the very healing climate, which, thanks to the reserve, is famous for the Crimean South Coast.

To the history of the issue

The Yalta Mountain and Forest Nature Reserve is a unique territory. Its pine forests are the lungs of the region, and its sections of sub-Mediterranean landscape are unique, not found anywhere else in the world. One of the problematic issues that have been resolved throughout the long history since 1973 is the establishment of the boundaries of the protected area. At different stages, obstacles of a legal and organizational nature arose that did not allow these boundaries to be established. As a result, there are abuses associated with the development of his lands, the conduct of economic activities on them. The currently available forest management materials do not contain the coordinates of the borders, which does not allow entering its lands into the state land cadastre and subsequently transferring the reserve to federal ownership. This is necessary for the full implementation of the entire range of environmental protection measures, which are stipulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Specially Protected Natural Territories". A strict mode of use will eliminate the anthropogenic burden on the environment, preserve and increase the natural wealth of the Crimea.

Photo: resinosa.ru

Road map

In June 2016, the Head of the Republic of Crimea, Sergey Valeryevich Aksenov, instructed the heads of ministries and relevant institutions to organize work to form a specially protected area and establish the boundaries of the land plot occupied by the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Yalta Mountain and Forest Nature Reserve". The importance of the task was also determined by the fact that the reserve occupies 51% of the area of ​​the urban district of Yalta. The establishment of boundaries is necessary for the development of a master plan, a strategy for the socio-economic development of the municipality. The executor of the complex ecological survey of the territory, the implementation of land cadastral works was determined. In a short time, the specialists managed to develop a road map (work plan for establishing the boundaries of the YAGLPZ) and begin to solve the tasks.

To date, a lot of work has been done. Based on the research carried out by the staff of the Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky integrated ecological survey of the territory, the configuration of the optimal boundaries of the reserve is scientifically substantiated. The Regulation on the Specially Protected Natural Territory Yalta Mountain-Forest Nature Reserve has been developed. This document, according to federal law, is the main one for determining the boundaries and functioning of the reserve. The environmental survey materials have been approved by the State Committee for Forestry and Hunting of the Republic of Crimea, the Republican Ministry of Property and Land Relations, and a number of other departments. Public discussions of the materials took place in October. The open and constructive discussion was attended by specialists in the field of architecture and urban planning, environmentalists, representatives of trade unions and public organizations, and journalists. Almost unanimously, the participants in the discussion decided to support the materials and recommend that the administration of the city of Yalta approve them.

It should be noted that the roadmap also took into account the further socio-economic development of the region, which will require the improvement of infrastructure: transport network facilities, electricity, gas and water supply. The planned communications are taken into account in the territorial planning, this will allow painlessly for the reserve in the future to carry out economic activities on the territory of Yalta.

Description and boundaries of the Yalta Reserve

The Yalta Mountain and Forest Nature Reserve was established in 1973. The main part of its significant territory of 14.5 thousand hectares is occupied by forests lying between the coast and the southern slopes of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. In the west, the reserve begins in the vicinity of Foros from Cape Chekhov and stretches along the Black Sea coast, sometimes reaching the coast between settlements (which, of course, do not belong to its territory).

And the cable car station, and the weather station, and the market with restaurants are within its limits; like the village of Okhotniche, from which paths and roads diverge in all directions.

The Yalta-Bakhchisaray highway leaves the territory of the Yalta Reserve immediately after the Ai-Petri pass. The highest mountains outside the plateau are Kaboplu (993 meters) in the east of the Yalta Reserve, Nishan-Kaya (981 meters) and Chaka-Tysh (928 meters) near At-Bash, Mount Pendikul (869 meters), on which the Silver Pavilion is located and the extinct Pilyaki volcano (850 meters) near the exit of the Eski-Bogaz trail to the yaila.

Mount Ai-Petri as a nature reserve

Nearby, the Mogabinsky lakes are reservoirs, and for obvious reasons, access to them is closed. That part of the Yalta Reserve, which is occupied by a plateau, is practically waterless, with the exception of the springs of the Besh-Tekne basin, which are beating on the very border with the Crimean Reserve.

The climate of the Yalta Reserve

The climate of the forests lying below the plateau is relatively mild, only in the beech forests the temperature drop is clearly felt. That part of the reserve, which includes Mount Ai-Petri, is characterized by difficult meteorological conditions, especially in the cold season. Fogs and strong winds are frequent guests of the eastern part of the Ai-Petri Yayla. The possibility of avalanches remains. There is usually much more snow than in the underlying forests.

Autumn in the Yalta reserve is mild and conducive to hiking. At this time, mushroom pickers become active - that's what the forests of the reserve are rich in, so it's mushrooms of any size. Local residents also harvest dogwood and rose hips.

Routes in the Yalta Reserve

Several popular tourist routes have been laid along the territory of the Yalta Reserve, along which nature lovers get into the mountains. Some roads are paved - such as the Old Sevastopol Highway and the roads connecting it to Oliva, Parkovy and Foros. In such a convenient way, you can quite comfortably get to or to the Shaitan-Merdven pass. But most of the routes are trails, wide and gentle in places, inconspicuous and steep in places.

The Eski-Bogaz trail connects the village of Opolznevoye and the pass of the same name in the area of ​​the Besh-Tekne tourist camp. Its lower part passes through vineyards, mixed deciduous forest, past Biyuk-Isar mountain and beautiful lakes. The upper part runs through a beech forest. Read more about this route on our website. By the way, the route has many branches that allow maximum interesting things in these parts.

From Opolznevoye, only to the west, another path goes into the mountains, narrower and with a more intensive climb. It is called Kerezla, and it brings out in the vicinity of Mount Morchek. Along the trail you will meet both deciduous and pine forests. There is also an article about this trail on the site.

Alupka also has its own exit to the plateau. The old Jewish trail known to any tourist (the official name is the 49th tourist route) reaches a plateau approximately in the same place as Eski-Bogaz, and also has a wide network of branches in all directions of the world. The largest can be considered the Eastern and Western Shanghai trails, leading to the yayla in the area of ​​Mount Dome, on which the military unit is located. Their name comes from the name of the mountain Shaan-Kaya.

In the area of ​​Mount Chaka-Tysh, the picturesque Vorontsovskaya trail branches off from the Jewish, which also leads the tourist to the Ai-Petri Yayla. You can also get to the Blue Bay on the Jewish trail. Read about this route on our website.

The Koreiz trail is the shortest way to Ai-Petri for those who decide to climb there on foot. The route running through the pine forest, the cleanest air and beautiful panoramas from the observation platforms bring genuine joy of climbing. The trail starts from the highway in the Koreiz region, and the road to the Silver Pavilion, located on the Bakhchisaray highway, also originates there. This route leads to a plateau near the village of Okhotnichy.

Both routes are described in detail in the relevant articles on the site. You can climb to the Silver Pavilion along the trail through Mount Mogabi (805 meters). This outcast mountain was previously thought to be an extinct volcano. Surrounded by a system of lakes and reservoirs that feed Yalta. The surroundings and even the top of the mountain are completely covered with forest.

The Bakhchisaray highway leaves Yalta near the village of Vinogradnoye. One of the sharp turns is always crowded. and retail outlets. Such a revival is caused by a local landmark - the Uchan-Su waterfall - the highest on the Crimean peninsula (98 meters).

Trails that are very popular among tourists also start here. Taraktashskaya leads along steep slopes through a pine forest to the beautiful rocks Taraktash, and then goes to the yayla.

Shtangeevskaya goes north, where in the region of Mount Stavri-Kaya it changes its name to Botkinskaya. Both of these routes are described in detail on our website.

From Mount Stavri-Kaya, which is famous for its observation deck crowned with a cross, the road leads to the Jetty Waterfall, and from there to the plateau. All three trails are extremely popular with tourists due to the stunning beauty of the area and accessibility.

Three more trails go from Yalta to the Yalta Plateau through the forests of the reserve, which are much steeper and more difficult than ecological paths like the Botkinskaya trail. Style-Bogaz and Kizil-Kaya-Bogaz, however, are in no way inferior to the previous ones in the beauty of the opening panoramas. on our website.

They, like the Uzenbash trail, lead to an elevated (about 1400 meters) part of the Yalta plateau. On the way to the plateau, the Uzenbash trail passes by the Iograph cave (named after the ridge along which the road goes), where there was once a Christian temple.

In the Yalta Reserve:
View of western Yalta from the Iograph Ridge	View of eastern Yalta from the Iograph Ridge	View from the Yalta Yayla on the Iograph Ridge

Uzenbash trail on the ridge Iograf	Uzenbash trail before the exit to the Yalta Yayla

In the eastern enclave of the Yalta Reserve, the most famous trail is the one that leads from Krasnokamenka to the Gurzuf saddle. Sometimes it is called Artekovskaya, but more often the route Krasnokamenka - Roman-Kosh. Its popularity is due to the fact that its end point is the highest mountain of Crimea and the harsh Babugan plateau. The route is long, but the result is worth the effort. You can also read about it on our website.

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Yalta mountain and forest reserve - the most beautiful place in Crimea

The territory of the entire Crimea, and not just the vicinity of Yalta, at all times needed protection. The peninsula has always been popular with tourists. Unfortunately, many of them did not appreciate nature at all, destroying the rarest and most valuable specimens. As a result, a huge part of today is a protected area. Including the notorious Yalta Reserve.

Historical reference, geographic data

The reserve stretches for more than forty kilometers, from Foros to Gurzuf itself. Once these places belonged to the timber industry, in 1933 they were transferred to the forestry.

From 1938 to 1941, the territory of the modern reserve was considered a forest park zone. The territory was declared as a nature reserve in 1973. But initially it was called differently. The modern name, the reserve received in the nineties of the last century.

By the way, the famous Solar Path of Health, or as it is also called, runs right here, on the territory of the Yalta Mountain and Forest Reserve. However, there are many other attractions.

The protected area consists of four subdivisions: Gurzufskoe, Opolznevoe, Livadiyskoe and Alupkinskoe. The main part of the territory is forest, but there is also completely treelessness, in particular on the Ai-Petri ridge. The highest point of the protected area is Mount Roca.

Visitors have the opportunity to walk in these parts exclusively along the laid tourist routes. And preferably accompanied by a guide. In my opinion, this is a very good condition. There is an opportunity to learn more about the fauna and flora of the protected area.

Yalta riches of nature on the South Coast

Tourists who are fond of biology, without fail, tend to visit the reserve. For them, this is a real paradise. Most of the territory is occupied by the famous Crimean pine, which is quite rare and only in single specimens. In addition, there is an opportunity to admire the views of high juniper and pistachio trees, rocky oak and beech, juniper.

The world of plants is no less rich and exclusive. These are sleep-grass, Crimean peony, several types of orchids. In total, more than 1300 species of plants grow in the reserve. Considerable attention should be paid to the so-called local attractions. For example, grief.

By the way, the animal world here is also diverse. Many of its representatives are listed in the Red Book. These include the imperial eagle and the peregrine falcon, as well as the leopard snake. In total, there are about 20 species from the Red Book. Among them are some amphibians and insects.

Walking through the territory, there are great chances to meet: a fox or a hare, as well as a weasel, a roe deer or a red deer. In general, even if you are absolutely indifferent to biology, it is definitely worth visiting the Yalta Reserve.

The nature here is amazing. The surrounding views captured in the photo will give pleasure for a long time, cause the most positive emotions. Moreover, it is on the territory of the reserve that another natural attraction of Yalta is located -. It is recommended to visit it in early spring, just at the time when many plants begin to bloom in the reserve, and the waterfall itself becomes full-flowing.

In addition, the reserve has its own museum, which has the opportunity not only to get acquainted with the flora and fauna of Crimea. But also to learn more about the history of nature conservation, and if you wish, you can also listen to an informative lecture.

Useful information on how to get to the Yalta Reserve

The administration of the reserve is located at the address: Crimea, Yalta, Sovetskoye village, Dolossskoe highway, 2. You can check the cost of the entrance ticket and the conditions for visiting by phone: 8 3654 233050. Or on the official portal: http://yglpz.umi.ru/. The territory is available for visiting from Monday to Friday, from 8 to 17.00.

You can get here only by taxi or your own car. It is worth navigating according to the coordinates previously “hammered” in the GPS navigator. Coordinates and a map are located below, at the bottom of the page.

A photo

Exact location on the map, GPS coordinates: 44°28’14.1″N 34°05’49.0″E (44.470595, 34.096932)

The Yalta Mountain and Forest Reserve is a unique piece of Crimea that definitely deserves the attention of every tourist. Only here there is an opportunity to fully enjoy the untouched beauty of the surrounding nature, to be filled with the most positive emotions.