What can be done with a heart attack. Nutrition after a heart attack: how to cook food, forbidden foods

Myocardial infarction is accompanied by sudden abrupt changes in the work of the heart muscle and coronary vessels. An urgent adjustment is required for the loss of a piece of ventricular tissue. It not only stops its functions, but turns into a necrotic mass, which releases decay products into the blood.

The patient will have a period of restorative replacement of necrosis with scar tissue, the development of collateral vessels, and the elimination of the ischemic zone. The diet for myocardial infarction is designed to help drugs solve these problems.

Basic nutritional requirements for a heart attack patient

It is possible to facilitate the mode of heart contractions only by observing bed rest. But a person must get energy from food. How to ensure that nutrition during myocardial infarction does not load the affected muscle tissue, but contributes to its recovery? There are a number of requirements for this:

• you can not take plentiful meat and fried foods, it will require a lot of energy costs for assimilation;
• food should be light, but high in calories;
• the number of meals has to be increased to 6 - 7, and portions should be reduced;
• foods that cause bloating are contraindicated, since raising the diaphragm makes it difficult for heart contractions;
• the diet should have enough protein (building material);
• potassium and magnesium salts are needed, they improve the electrical activity of myocardial cells;
• table salt is limited to 3-5 g, the total content in food is agreed with the doctor, since it depends on possible complications;
• total calorie content can be reduced to 1500 kcal by limiting fatty foods, sugar, flour and confectionery;
• the volume of liquid is reduced to 0.5 l;
• the patient does not need excess caffeine contained in strong coffee, tea, carbonated drinks;
• stool retention in the first days plays a positive role (tension of the abdominal muscles during straining causes an increase in the load on the fragile myocardium), but in the future it is necessary to provide that the diet after myocardial infarction includes products with a laxative effect.

When buying kefir, be sure to check the date of manufacture: only a daily drink has a laxative effect

Diet of the first week of the disease

The acute period determines the compensatory capabilities of the body, is dangerous for the development of complications. Therefore, nutrition should be given special attention.

Useful are:

• low-fat meat broths with white crackers;
• boiled fish;
• mashed boiled meat (soufflé, casserole);
• porridge on the water (buckwheat is better);
• cottage cheese, fat-free kefir;
• salad of boiled beets, seaweed;
• decoction of wild rose, prunes;
• compote of raisins, dried apricots;
• Boiled potatoes;
• citrus fruits.

The food is cooked undersalted. Sugar and sweets are limited.

• animal fats (lard, butter, fatty meat), sausages and smoked products;
• black bread and fresh pastries;
• grapes and juice from it;
• carbonated drinks.

The total calorie content of the daily diet is 1300 kcal, weight is up to 1500 g.

Diet 2nd or 3rd week

Restrictions loosen a little:

• salt is allowed, but not more than 3 g (half a teaspoon) per day, food is prepared without salt, adding is possible with meals;
• cereals are cooked not mashed, crumbly, in casseroles;
• shown grated raw carrots;
• soups with vegetables from lean meat;
• cutlets;
• limited use of sour cream, hard cheese;
• sugar not more than 50 g;
• tomato juice;
• sauces prepared on vegetable broth;
• weak tea with lemon;
• 10 g butter.

Calorie content increases to 1800 kcal, diet weight - up to 2000.

Recovery Diet

Nutrition after myocardial infarction from the fourth week at home is equivalent to the treatment table No. 10. This is a common diet for patients with heart disease (without or with decompensation), hypertension.

Even inserting lettuce leaves does not improve the dangerous properties of various fast food hot dogs.

Peculiarities:

1. Animal fats are very strictly controlled. The diet aims to reduce the content of low-density lipoproteins in the blood and prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is recommended to replace fats with vegetable oils, vegetable sauces.
2. Spicy seasonings, pickles and marinades are not allowed, as these products contain salt and require additional fluid intake. And salt remains limited, its amount should be agreed with your doctor.
3. Meat products are recommended in the form of cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, chicken ham is allowed. Dishes from lamb, fatty pork, shish kebabs, fried products are not allowed.
4. Recommended sea fish, soups from it, stewed with vegetables.
5. Steamed dishes are preferred. Allowed casseroles with cottage cheese, pasta (limited with excess weight), cereals with milk in unmashed form. Apples and other fruits are introduced to the menu gradually.
6. Calorie content increases up to 2300 kcal, the mass of foodstuffs - up to 2300 g.

If there are signs of decompensation, it is necessary to agree with the doctor on the total amount of fluid. If the patient is overweight, then you will have to reduce the use of high-calorie foods, arrange fasting days.

A patient after a heart attack needs to follow a regular stool. Straining is undesirable, so the diet should always include grated beets, prunes and dried apricots soaked overnight. In the evening, you need to take kefir no more than a day old.

Only the basic principles of nutrition for patients with a heart attack are stated. If complications arise, the doctor may recommend additional restrictions. Difficulties are possible if the patient has concomitant diseases of the stomach or kidneys. The attitude to nutrition should be equal with other types of therapy.

Diet after myocardial infarction - an acute violation of cardiac circulation, as a result of which a part of the myocardium that dies (necrotizes) remains without nutrition, is an important part of rehabilitation. Various pathologies that affect the state of the vessels can lead to myocardial infarction: hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, stress, physical inactivity, obesity, bad habits. Not in last place among the factors contributing to the development of pathology are gross errors in nutrition.

Patients who have had a myocardial infarction should eat regularly, evenly distributing the daily menu into small portions.

The purpose of the diet after a heart attack

The diet after a heart attack is designed to help accelerate the recovery processes in the myocardium, create favorable conditions for the normalization of coronary circulation, normalize metabolism, and ensure the proper functioning of the intestines. Therapeutic nutrition reduces the load on the kidneys, relieves edema, strengthens the heart muscle, helps in the fight against heart rhythm disturbances and helps maintain all body functions.

After suffering an extensive heart attack, table 10 according to Pevzner is shown. This diet is used for cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the nervous system, it includes products that improve blood circulation and strengthen the heart and blood vessels. Table 10 provides a balanced diet and at the same time sparing the body.

The basic principles of the diet after a heart attack for men and women

For both men and women who have had a myocardial infarction, it should become habitual to follow the following rules:

1. Eat regularly, evenly distributing the daily menu into small portions. Neither strong hunger nor overeating is equally unacceptable.
2. Limit your salt intake. Salt contributes to an increase in blood pressure, fluid retention in the body and the occurrence of edema;
3. Limit the intake of fats and easily digestible carbohydrates.
4. Exclude from the diet foods that irritate the gastric mucosa, increase nervous excitability, and cause fluid retention in the body.
5. Observe the drinking regime. In the acute and subacute period, the total daily volume of fluid is limited to 1-1.2 liters.
6. Enrich the diet with microelements (primarily magnesium, potassium, iodine), vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, products that have an alkalizing effect.
7. Culinary processing of products should be carried out in gentle ways in order to preserve the maximum amount of useful substances in them.
8. Eat food at a moderate temperature - from room to warm, too cold and hot dishes are not recommended.
9. Limit your daily calorie intake. Since in the post-infarction period, patients are limited in physical activity, it is necessary to ensure that the energy value of food corresponds to energy expenditure. Overweight patients are advised to reduce their daily caloric intake by 200-300 kcal from the recommended for their age and type of activity.

Potassium helps to remove excess water from the body, helps to eliminate edema, is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, and the heart muscle.

Similar dietary requirements are also imposed after stenting, in addition, in this case, it is especially necessary to carefully monitor the drinking regimen, since it is critically important to prevent dehydration leading to blood clots.

Diet in different periods of a heart attack

For each of the main periods of infarction (acute, subacute and scarring), a special diet is recommended.

Diet for an acute period

What can you eat after a heart attack? In the first week after a heart attack, in the acute period, the basis of nutrition is liquid and semi-liquid, crushed and pureed dishes. Allowed: steam meatballs or cutlets from veal, chicken or fish fillet, viscous cereals, milk and dairy products, steam scrambled eggs, mashed soups, stewed vegetables, fruit and berry compotes, kissels, fruit drinks, rosehip broth. Daily calorie content - 1100-1300 kcal.

Diet for the subacute period

In the second phase, which lasts two to three weeks, the diet becomes less restrictive. Dishes do not have to be crushed. The diet should contain fresh and cooked vegetables, easily digestible meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, bran bread, vegetable and butter, dried fruits. Daily caloric content - 1600-1800 kcal.

Diet for the scarring stage

The scarring stage begins around the fourth week after a heart attack and lasts from 2 to 6 months. At this time, the cardiovascular system is adapting to new conditions of functioning. An easily digestible balanced diet enriched with potassium is recommended. Potassium helps to remove excess water from the body, helps to eliminate edema, is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, and the heart muscle. They are rich in dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes, etc.), fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products and fish. It is allowed to consume up to 5 g of salt per day. Daily calorie content - usually recommended for a given gender, age and occupation.

All dishes should be prepared in dietary ways: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. In the late rehabilitation period, grilling is allowed. Fried foods should be avoided.

Approved Products

• lean meat - veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit;
• fish (especially fish of the northern seas, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids);
• dairy products - milk, curdled milk, fermented baked milk, kefir, cottage cheese, cheese;
• eggs;
• cereals - oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, rice (especially unpolished);
• bakery products - dried white bread, whole grain bread, unbread cookies ("Zoological" and the like);
• vegetables - any, primarily pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, potatoes, all types of cabbage, onions, garlic, parsley, horseradish, dill, fennel;
• oils - butter, vegetable (olive, sunflower, pumpkin, sesame).

Of the spices, dry herbs that do not have a sharp taste are acceptable for use, for example, it is useful to add dried dill, parsley, basil, thyme, etc. to dishes.

What fruits are allowed after a heart attack? Almost any. Especially recommended are citrus fruits, apricots, bananas, grapes, dried fruits (primarily raisins, figs and dried apricots). Berries are welcome in the diet - currants, raspberries, viburnum, blueberries, cranberries.

Since myocardial infarction often occurs in overweight people, the consumption of high-calorie foods, especially fatty foods and confectionery, should be limited or completely eliminated from the diet. Acceptable sweet foods (in moderation): dried fruit, jam or preserves, marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows, fruit jellies and milk puddings. Sugar should be consumed in limited quantities, and it is even better to replace it with honey.

The list of products recommended for consumption is large enough to provide the patient with a varied and balanced diet for every day.

It is necessary to observe the drinking regimen. It may be different for each period and for each patient (some patients limit fluid intake as part of the fight against edema), but during the rehabilitation period it is usually recommended to drink at least four glasses of water per day. Other drinks: fruit and berry compotes, unsweetened fruit drinks, kissels, freshly squeezed fruit, berry and vegetable juices, herbal decoctions, weak tea. Sometimes it is acceptable to drink a cup of cocoa or coffee with milk.

All dishes should be prepared in dietary ways: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. In the late rehabilitation period, grilling is allowed. Fried foods should be avoided. As for recipes, no special recipes are required, everything that can be easily prepared at home from allowed products will do.

Prohibited Products

After a heart attack, you can not eat fatty meats, sausages, offal, smoked meats, canned food, pickles, legume dishes, mushrooms, pastries, chocolate, hot spices, strong tea, coffee, sweet carbonated drinks.

Can I drink alcohol? There is an opinion that it is permissible to drink red wine and some other alcoholic beverages in moderation, and even strong ones are allowed if drinking is not allowed, but this opinion is erroneous. Patients who have had a heart attack should completely abandon not only vodka, beer, cognac and other spirits, but also low-alcohol drinks - wine, beer, cider, etc. Simply put, all alcohol is prohibited.

Diet after myocardial infarction for men and women

Diet after a heart attack is no less important than diet.

Fractional nutrition is optimal - frequent meals at approximately equal intervals of time. There should be at least 5 meals per day: 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and two additional ones. At the same time, portions are small, the approximate volume is with the patient's fist. The last meal - no later than three hours before bedtime.

Sugar should be consumed in limited quantities, and it is even better to replace it with honey.

This mode allows you to unload the digestive system and at the same time ensure its optimal functioning. In addition, fractional nutrition allows you to optimize metabolism and normalize body weight. Patients who have had a myocardial infarction, it is desirable to observe a fractional diet for life.

Menu

An approximate menu for a week during the rehabilitation period after a heart attack is presented in the table.

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Myocardial infarction, the subacute period is an acute process called a vascular catastrophe in the vessels that feed the heart muscle and valves, which lasts from 14 to 28 days from the onset of the disease, is its second stage and is characterized by the formation of a scar on the heart, as well as the restoration of the organ. Compliance with proper therapeutic nutrition is one of the main points in the rehabilitation and adaptation of such patients. The main diet for myocardial infarction from the 14th to the 28th day of illness is table No. 10i (infarction) according to Pevzner, as well as in the acute period, but with its own characteristics.

The main goal of therapeutic nutrition in the second two weeks after the formation of necrosis on the myocardium is to accelerate the processes of the maximum possible recovery of the heart, normalize blood flow in the coronary arteries, reduce the risk of developing complications of a heart attack, and also obtain a stable improvement in the general condition of the patient.

The frequency of nutrition is 6-7 times a day (approximately every 2 hours), in small portions. All meals should be soft, light, low-calorie, oven-cooked, boiled or steamed. This ensures maximum relief of the gastrointestinal tract, and also directs all the body's defenses to restore the cardiovascular system.

Allowed and prohibited products of table No. 10 and with a heart attack in the subacute period

Among permitted and useful Table 10 products and distinguish the following:

• Lean meats (veal, beef, turkey, chicken, rabbit, young pork without greasy streaks): weak broths, steam cutlets, whole boiled pieces, meatballs
• Fish (any, without skin): steam cutlets, baked, whole pieces, broths
• Vegetable oils (sunflower, sea buckthorn, corn, linseed, olive, etc.): add when cooking, and also use separately, 1-4 tablespoons, alternating different varieties
• Dairy products of medium and low fat content: milk no more than 2.5%, white unsalted cheese (suluguni, "thread", Adyghe), cottage cheese up to 5%, kefir 1-2.5%, sour cream up to 15%, fermented baked milk, homemade yogurt (milk and starter cultures, no fillers)
• Vegetables (carrots, fresh tomatoes in small quantities, onions, cauliflower, broccoli, lettuce, white cabbage in small quantities, fresh cucumbers): boiled and fresh, mashed potatoes, vinaigrette, soup, etc.
• Fruits (sweet varieties of apples, cherries, peaches, strawberries, nectarines, any citrus fruits, raspberries, etc.): fresh, purees, juices, fruit drinks, compotes, salads (a small addition of sweeteners is allowed)
• Bird eggs (chicken, quail, etc.): boiled, steam or wind omelettes; not more often than every 2 days in a small amount.
• Kashi (barley, buckwheat, rice - white polished in limited quantities, red, brown and black are not limited, millet, oatmeal, etc.): on water, with the addition of vegetable oil, not crumbly, slightly sticky, with a little salt - small a pinch in a bowl
• Sweets: stevia, honey and fructose (in tea, jelly, jelly, pudding, compotes, etc.) in a small amount
• Flours and baked goods: Whole grain bread (wholemeal), bran (limited during the day and at bedtime), oatmeal cookies (1-2 per day), dark flour pasta (whole wheat, rye)
• Drinks: still mineral water, fruit and vegetable juices, fruit drinks, compotes, weak herbal teas, weak black tea.

Among forbidden and negatively affecting the heart products in the subacute period of myocardial infarction, the following are distinguished:

• Dairy products with a high fat content: condensed milk, sour cream 21%, hard cheese over 50% fat, cream
• Fatty meats: pork with bacon, lamb, duck, goose, sausage (any, including sausages and sausages), smoked meats
• Seafood: fish caviar, mussels, crayfish, shrimp, etc.
• Fruits: grapes, raisins, bananas
• Vegetables: potatoes, mushrooms, legumes (peas, lentils, soybeans, etc.), radish, radish
• Margarine and butter (any percentage of fat content)
• Kashi: wheat (and its varieties), white rice
• Drinks: sparkling mineral water, strong black and green tea, alcohol, coffee, colored carbonated drinks, grape and banana juice
• Flour: cookies, cakes, pasta made from wheat flour (including durum flour), white bread, biscuits, etc.
• Spices and spices (especially hot and bitter)
• fried foods

Throughout this diet, you should also limit the consumption of purified water. The most correct will be to consume about 1.5 liters of water distributed throughout the day, drunk in small sips 15-20 minutes before each meal.

More about protein foods for subacute myocardial infarction

Proteins and their components in the case of all periods of development of myocardial infarction are important and vital. Their main function is the ability to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis, as well as reduce existing atherosclerotic plaques - several tiny protein molecules pick up, hold one cholesterol molecule (it is animal fat) and transport it along the blood vessels to the necessary tissues and organs. Those fat molecules that the body does not need at the moment are easily excreted with feces also due to the presence of a sufficient amount of amino acids in the diet. Another function and important property is that amino acids, as an integral part of any protein, can enhance tissue regeneration processes due to a heart attack, as well as improve blood flow in the heart muscle.

Features of the use of proteins in the subacute period of the disease is a ban on some of them: dairy products with high fat content (milk 3.2%, sour cream over 20%, hard cheese 50%, cream), some seafood (squid, shrimp, mussels, fish caviar) , legumes, egg white more often 1 time in 2 days. All these products and dishes from them increase the load on the digestive system, fill the vascular bed of the digestive tract, which causes a slowdown in blood flow in the heart, and, as a result, a lengthening of the recovery period after a heart attack. The second negative effect on the patient's body after a myocardial infarction, in the subacute period, is that all these dishes cause bloating in the intestines (flatulence), increasing blood pressure numbers, increasing the load on the heart and causing a risk of re-infarction.

Necessary and useful proteins should be present in the diet of a heart attack patient in the subacute period daily in large quantities (to compensate for the deficiency of amino acids). These are such products and dishes from them as lean meat in broths, whole boiled meat, in the form of steam cutlets, meatballs, etc.; dairy products (milk, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese, kefir, hard cheeses, sour cream), egg white. All dishes need the addition of salt (about 2 g per day) - the body receives a sufficient amount of minerals (sodium, chlorine) for the functioning of the kidneys and heart.

More about fatty foods for subacute myocardial infarction

Fats are an important component of food in the case of a subacute period of a heart attack. They provide a person with the necessary amount of energy, evenly distributed throughout the day, take an active part in thermoregulation and in the synthesis of a number of hormones. However, there is another property of dietary fats that few people know about - this is participation in respiration and gas exchange processes - fatty acid molecules line the surface of the alveoli in the lungs and provide oxygen to the capillaries, and also prevent the lungs from sticking together. However, animal fats contain a large amount of cholesterol, which is already in excess in a patient with myocardial infarction, combined with a sharp protein deficiency (there is no way to transport this fat). This leads to deterioration due to atherosclerosis and imbalance of blood flow.

Fats that are contraindicated in the subacute period of a heart attack are fatty meats, butter of any percentage of fat content, margarine, fish roe, any sausages and smoked meats, fatty dairy products. Fried foods are also strictly prohibited.

Allowed and sufficient fats in the diet in the subacute period of a heart attack are vegetable oils, meat fats from lean meats (completely defatted meat does not exist), dairy products of low and medium fat content, egg yolk.

More about carbohydrates in subacute myocardial infarction

The group of simple carbohydrates is highly undesirable after myocardial infarction. These foods contribute to the accumulation of subcutaneous and intracavitary fat, causing overweight and obesity. These processes lead to an increase in blood pressure numbers, causing an increase in pre- and afterload on the heart and its vessels, causing an early recurrent myocardial infarction. These are such products and dishes from them as white polished rice, sugar from sugar beets, potatoes and products from polished wheat grains (white bread, light pasta, wheat porridge, almost all pastries). These products are recommended to be completely excluded from life for the period of time you want to stay healthy.

Any sweets are replaced with honey, cane (brown) sugar, fructose (sugar, from fruits), stevia leaves, sorbitol. Pasta is replaced with whole grains made from unpeeled wheat or rye. Rice is recommended brown (unpolished), red or black.

Among the useful and necessary carbohydrates for the subacute period (for energy and restoration of microflora in the intestines), there are buckwheat and oatmeal, "colored" rice, millet porridge, etc., cooked in water, with the addition of vegetable oil and one small pinch of salt.

Vegetables and fruits also contain important and essential carbohydrates. They are allowed to be consumed both raw and baked or boiled, in the form of salads in vegetable oil (vinaigrette, etc.), in soups. Bread with bran or whole grain flour of any kind is good to use in the morning and before bedtime, 1-2 slices.

More about water and other fluids for subacute myocardial infarction

Water is vital for daily use in any condition of the patient. Only the recommended dosage changes. Pure water allows you to remove toxins from the bloodstream, filtering through the kidneys, which are formed during the development of a zone of necrosis on the myocardium, and also allows you to thin the blood, reducing the risk of blood clots. The daily minimum for water is approximately 1.5 liters per day. It should be drunk in small sips, 15-20 minutes before each meal.

Among other drinks that are allowed to patients after a heart attack, up to the 28th day of illness, herbal teas or decoctions, fruit drinks, compotes, a weak solution of black tea, juices are distinguished.

Green tea, strong black tea, coffee, and alcohol are completely excluded from the diet.

The article was prepared by nutritionist Azarova Marina Andreevna

26.04.2017

Some people underestimate the importance of a balanced diet for their own health, but in vain.

A properly selected diet can be not only a preventive measure, but also one of the principles of rehabilitation therapy, especially when it comes to atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.

Men, due to the hormonal characteristics of the body, are more likely to experience myocardial ischemia, so we will talk about the features of their diet during the recovery period.

What is myocardial infarction

A heart attack is called ischemia of a section of the heart muscle, which is provoked by blockage of the coronary artery. The prerequisites for the disease always develop long before a heart attack, and the cause is almost always physical inactivity and malnutrition.

In our country, atherosclerosis begins to progress from the age of 35-40, and barely noticeable cholesterol plaques on the endothelium of blood vessels reach the size of a large plaque after ten years, clogging the lumen of the artery.

Causes of atherosclerosis include:

• smoking;
• arterial hypertension;
• autoimmune diseases;
• exposure to ionizing radiation, including ultraviolet;
• stress.

Even if these factors are present, against the background of a normal concentration of cholesterol in the blood, atherosclerosis does not threaten a person.

After the onset of ischemia, during the day, the hypoxic area of ​​the myocardium undergoes necrosis, if a person survives on the background of therapy, then the question arises, what kind of diet is needed after myocardial infarction? Depending on the time elapsed since the infarction, there are 3 stages, each of which must be accompanied by a change in diet.

The essence of the need for a diet after a heart attack

Unfortunately, diet cannot have a direct effect on myocardial infarction, but the speed of recovery processes in the body depends on it. Deficiency of pectin, vitamins, trace elements, eating fatty and salty foods can provoke a new attack of ischemia before a person has time to recover from a heart attack.

The main task of dietary nutrition in such a situation is to normalize the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream, normalize the patient's body weight and reduce systemic blood pressure.

As an added bonus, against the background of replacing traditional dishes, more vitamins and minerals will appear in the diet, which will help you recover as soon as possible. As with atherosclerosis of any other localization, the diet after myocardial infarction for both men and women has similar characteristics, with the exception of one feature.

After a heart attack, it is important for women to avoid light carbohydrates, and for men - from fats, although the first and second groups of products should be minimized in all cases.

What can you afford

In the first 2 weeks, nutrition after myocardial infarction for men should include the most sparing food. All of it must be crushed or ground on a fine grater, and the main method of heat treatment for this period of time is boiling and steaming. It is necessary to divide the entire daily volume of cooked food into 5-6 doses in order to reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract.

Any tension associated with heaviness in the stomach or gas formation can cause complications, so this must be monitored.

The diet for myocardial infarction in the first 14 days allows you to use low-fat decoctions and soups, pureed cereals, vegetable purees, especially with carrots, low-fat fish. Fruit purees, dried fruit compotes, juices and fruit drinks can complement the diet as desserts.

Dairy products are for people with absolutely remarkable lactose tolerance, since fermentation while drinking milk can cause severe bloating and disruption of intestinal activity. An exception can be made for low-fat cottage cheese. The total calorie intake of daily rations should be about 1300-1100 kcal. Everything that is eaten should be neither hot nor cold, and dinner should end at least 3 hours before bedtime.

At the second stage (from 14 days to 3-4 weeks), the rules of nutrition are somewhat softened in relation to the patient. From the second week, you can already eat lean stew, which greatly pleases the masculine principle. Products can no longer be ground, but finely chopped. Sweetened casseroles, raw soft berries and fruits without additional heat treatment, low-fat cheeses are added to the diet. The total amount of sugar consumed per day can reach 50 g, salt - 3 g, and the amount of food - 2 kg. The daily calorie content of food also increases to 1600-1800 kcal.

Starting from the 4th week, the stage of scarring of the focus begins, at this time the menu for a heart attack includes boiled jellied fish and meat, soaked herring, low-fat ham, first courses in low-fat meat broth.

From the same time, you can start eating bread, but only yesterday or in the form of crackers and fresh vegetables. Butter in a volume of up to 50 g can be added to casseroles, cereals and durum pasta. Salts can be used up to 5 g per day. This diet should be followed for at least 8 weeks. Obese persons are advised to follow a similar lifestyle for a long time or to do fasting days 1-2 times a week.

Soaked dried apricots, dates, prunes, apples and compotes from them are highly recommended. This is due to the high content of trace elements and pectin in their composition, which have an amazing effect on the regenerative ability of the myocardium.

What should not be eaten

Fried and smoked foods, strong broths, sausages, canned food, sauces, mayonnaise remain under the ban throughout the entire rehabilitation period. Chocolate, jam and desserts with rich creams should be a thing of the past.

The diet after a heart attack for a man also excludes strong teas, coffee, carbonated drinks, packaged juices and alcohol. Tomato and grape juices can cause bloating and are also not recommended. For the same reason, cabbage in any form, legumes, radishes and onions are excluded. Spicy spices and garlic are also best avoided.

In the first 2 periods, you can not eat flour products, especially sweet rolls, cakes and fresh bread. Salt can be consumed in minimal amounts, and in the first period it should be completely abandoned, as it increases the load on the heart with the amount of fluid retained. Season food with a little lemon juice and mild spices.

Differences in the diet after stenting

After surgery on the vessels of the heart, blood flow in the damaged area of ​​​​the heart muscle is restored immediately, in contrast to conservative methods of treatment. This fact indicates an easier flow of the recovery period and its significant reduction. However, a diet after a heart attack and stenting also has a place to be. To understand how to eat, you should review the standard diet for myocardial infarction in the third period, described above.

A characteristic difference is considered to be jumping through the first two stages of a regular diet, with an automatic transition to a more loyal 10B table. Products do not have to be grated, salt can remain in the diet up to 5 g per day.

A necessary condition is only the rejection of light carbohydrates and fats of animal origin, to combat excess weight and lower blood cholesterol levels. Compliance with even such a completely loyal diet will help to avoid relapses of acute ischemia.

Approximate diet after a heart attack

In the first two weeks, the diet after myocardial infarction looks something like this:

1. Breakfast: pureed oatmeal on the water with grated low-fat cottage cheese, tea with lemon without sugar.
2. Second breakfast: applesauce.
3. Lunch: semolina soup, carrot puree with mashed boiled chicken meat, compote and fruit jelly.
4. Snack: mashed cottage cheese without sugar, compote or rosehip broth.
5. Dinner: boiled buckwheat with mashed boiled fish, tea with lemon.
6. At night: a decoction of prunes (optional).

A possible view of the menu, starting from the second week of the recovery period:

1. Breakfast: semolina on the water, egg white omelet, tea with milk or lemon.
2. Second breakfast: cottage cheese with rosehip compote or other dried fruits.
3. Lunch: vegetable soup, mashed potatoes with boiled meat or fish, jelly and tea with a spoonful of sugar.
4. Afternoon snack: baked apples with a little sugar or honey.
5. Mashed potatoes or porridge with boiled fish or carrot cutlets, tea or compote.
6. At night: a decoction of prunes or low-fat yogurt.

After 4 weeks, the number of meals is reduced. But their volume increases, an approximate type of diet will be as follows:

1. Breakfast: buckwheat or any other porridge with butter.
2. Second breakfast: cottage cheese.
3. Lunch: Soup or borsch in meat broth, stewed beets or mashed potatoes with boiled meat, jelly or compote.
4. Dinner: pasta, porridge or vegetable puree with boiled fish, tea with lemon or juice.
5. At night: kefir or compote.

The amount of fluid consumed should be limited only in the first week, to reduce the volume of circulating blood. However, up to 1 liter of water per day should still be drunk to maintain normal blood rheology.

From the second week, you should drink up to 2 liters of fluid per day. Following the rules of such a diet, you will be able to quickly cope with cholesterolemia and recover from a heart attack in the shortest possible time.

Patients who have undergone a most dangerous, life-threatening condition caused by blockage by a thrombus in one of the coronary vessels of the heart need constant and serious medical supervision. Regardless of whether a small or extensive area of ​​the heart muscle was damaged after myocardial infarction, such patients require a life-long correction of their entire lifestyle, and dietary changes are of key importance here.

During the first 24 hours after the patient's admission to the intensive care unit, he is most often not allowed to eat. In addition, they significantly limit the amount of fluid drunk (up to 600 ml per day). This is done in order to reduce the load on the heart that occurs during meals and immediately after it. Drinking liquid increases the volume of the patient's blood, which also has a bad effect on the work of the heart.

First week after myocardial infarction

The process of digestion requires a lot of expenses of the body. While eating, the pulse quickens, blood pressure rises, blood flow to the organs of the digestive system increases. Therefore, in the acute stage of myocardial infarction, food should be taken often (ideally 6 times a day), in small portions. The daily energy value is 1500 kcal.
For normal scarring of the infarction zone, complete proteins are needed. To do this, you need to eat, as well as white chicken meat. You can eat lean beef, veal in the form of minced meat products, casseroles.
The amount of fat, especially of animal origin, must be reduced. In the future, a low-fat diet should become the norm for a person who has had a heart attack. It is better to cook food using vegetable oil, refuse butter, fatty dairy products, beef and lamb fat, lard.
The diet should contain a sufficient amount of glucose, fiber,. Glucose and especially fructose are an important source of energy. Fiber is necessary, which significantly increase the load on the cardiovascular system. Potassium and other trace elements are required for normal contraction of the heart muscle. Glucose, fiber, trace elements are found in vegetables and fruits, so they can be consumed in sufficient quantities. Only foods that cause bloating and excessive gas formation (beans, radish, grape juice) should be avoided.
Patients with myocardial infarction should take up to 4-5 g per day. Excessive salt intake leads to its retention in the body, which in turn causes the accumulation of fluid. This leads to an increase in blood volume and an increase in the load on the cardiovascular system, and also increases blood pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to salt food less, and ready meals, including vegetable salads, do not add salt.
The volume of liquid drunk (including soup) should be no more than 800 ml per day.

sample menu

During the first week, dishes are prepared mainly in pureed form.

1. After waking up - infusion of prunes 200 ml.
2. Breakfast: 90 g of buckwheat porridge, 50 g of cottage cheese, weak tea with sugar 200 ml.
3. Second breakfast: 100 g of applesauce, 100 g of rosehip broth with sugar.
4. Lunch: 150 g of weak broth with protein flakes, 50 g of boiled chicken fillet, 100 g of blackcurrant jelly.
5. Snack: 50 g of cottage cheese, 100 g of grated carrots, 100 ml of rosehip broth.
6. Dinner: 50 g of boiled sea fish, 100 g of vegetable puree, 150 ml of weak tea with lemon.
7. For the whole day: 120 g of wheat crackers, 30 g of sugar.

During the 2-3rd week after myocardial infarction, the diet is gradually expanded.

1. Breakfast: 100 g of rice porridge, 50 g of protein omelet, 200 ml of weak coffee with sugar.
2. Second breakfast: 150 g of boiled cauliflower, 100 ml of rosehip broth.
3. Lunch: 250 g of vegetarian borscht, 55 g of boiled meat, 125 g of vegetable puree, 50 g of lemon jelly.
4. Snack: 100 g of fruit salad, 100 ml of rosehip broth.
5. Dinner: 120 g of buckwheat porridge, 50 g of beef stroganoff, 200 ml of weak tea.
6. At night: 200 ml of curdled milk.
7. For the whole day: 100 g of white bread, 50 g of black bread, 50 g of sugar.

Nutrition in the post-infarction period

After 3-4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, the rehabilitation period begins. At this time and throughout the rest of his life, the patient must comply.
With the development of chronic circulatory insufficiency, an appropriate correction of nutrition is carried out.
The calorie content of the diet should be 2025 kcal per day, the volume of free fluid should be up to 1000 ml.

sample menu

Breakfast: 125 g of buckwheat porridge, 130 g of low-fat cottage cheese, 200 ml of weak coffee with milk.
Second breakfast: 100 g of applesauce, 100 ml of rosehip broth with sugar.
Lunch: 250 g pureed carrot soup, 80 g boiled chicken with garnish, 50 g blackcurrant jelly.
Snack: 100 g of apples, 100 ml of rosehip broth.
Dinner: 150 g of boiled sea fish with mashed potatoes, 50 g of low-fat cottage cheese with sugar, 200 ml of tea with lemon.
At night: 50 g soaked prunes or dried apricots.
For the whole day: 150 g of white bread, 100 g of black bread, 50 g of sugar, 10 g of butter.

Video clip on the topic "Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction":