Gamzat Tsadasa: a short biography of the Avar writer. Modern for every new generation Gamzat tsadasa in Russian

The small Dagestan village of Tsada gave the world two masters of the word at once - Gamzat Tsadasu and Rasul Gamzatov. Today we will talk about Gamzat Tsadas, whose pseudonym can be translated into Russian as "Fiery". You will get acquainted with the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and his work!

Childhood

Gamzat was born in 1877 in the family of an ordinary peasant Yusupil Magoma. The boy was orphaned early - he was only seven years old when his father died. Gamzat was handed over to his uncle for upbringing. Education occupied a special place in the biography of Gamzat Tsadas. At the age of ten, the boy was sent as a guardian to study at the school at the mosque in the village of Ginichutl. Gamzat studied not only theology. The list of subjects that interested Tsadasa included geography and law, mathematics and logic, astronomy and the Arabic language.

Work and self-education

After completing his studies at school, Gamzat worked a lot - in the city of Grozny he was engaged in the construction of a railway, in the upper reaches of the Koisu River he worked as a timber rafter. After that, for some time, Gamzat Tsadasa was a dibir - a priest and a judge in several Dagestan settlements at once.

At the same time, Gamzat was engaged in self-education. He first studied Arabic poetry. In his library were poems by Omar Khayyam, Navoi, Hafiz, Fizuli, Saadi. He was also familiar with Firdousi's "Shah-name". Gamzat Tsadasa, whose biography we are now talking about, paid special attention to the work of poets from Dagestan. He was fascinated by the works of E. Emin and Eldarilav, O. Batyray and Tazhuddin Chanka, I. Kazak and Ankhil Marin. Tsadasu was interested in the novels of Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Krylov, Anton Chekhov.

Gamzat can be safely called an expert on Muslim jurisprudence, and therefore in 1917 he was elected a member (and later chairman) of the Avar Sharia Court. In 1920, Tsadas was appointed chairman of the Khunzakh Food Committee, and a year later he was sent to the regional Avar newspaper called "Red Mountains". After working in the newspaper, he took the position of clerk of the Khunzakh district executive committee.

The beginning of the creative path

The first poems of Gamzat Tsadas were published in 1891. The very first poetic work is "Alibek's Dog". It is worth saying that the pre-revolutionary poetry of Tsadas was exclusively accusatory. All the verses of Gamzat were directed against all mullahs, traders. He also spoke out against the norms of adat - customs operating in certain regions. It was according to these norms that all cases of bride kidnapping, blood feud, etc. were decided.

In poems written after the October Revolution, Gamzat acts as a singer of a new life that has come among the highlanders-workers. The Avar poet called for the establishment of the power of the Soviets everywhere. The first collection of poems by Gamzat Tsadasa - "The Broom of Adats" - was published in 1934. At the same time, Gamzat was recognized as the first national poet of Dagestan.

In the early 30s of the last century, writers from Moscow came to the village of Tsada. Nikolai Tikhonov, Pyotr Pavlenko and Vladimir Lugovsky were very interested in the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and, of course, his work. Tikhonov, by the way, later recalled this acquaintance. He wrote that Gamzat is the sharpest mind in all of Avaria, a fighter against such vices as self-interest and stupidity, a magnificent poet, capable of defeating the enemies of the new regime with just a word, a sage who is well versed in the most cunning intricacies of Dagestan life. Nikolai Semenovich also noted the fact that Gamzat Tsadasa did not just write poetry, he thought in poetic form!

Popular recognition

The work of Gamzat Tsadasa played a huge role in all Soviet literature. Lines from his works have long been parsed into quotations. Many are probably familiar with his words that all people are of the same language, but at the same time everyone has two ears - in order to hear two words, only one could be said in response.

A significant part of Tsadasa's works was written for children: he wrote poems, fairy tales and fables for the younger generation. Gamzat Tsadasa also published a collection of magnificent patriotic poems. These poems were especially popular in Dagestan during the Great Patriotic War. Thanks to him, the inhabitants of Dagestan were able to get acquainted with the works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. In the list of the author of comedy and drama, poetic tales, plays and historical poems!

Awards

The poet's work was appreciated by both readers and authorities. During his life, Tsadasa received many awards. Among them:

Stalin Prize;
the title of "People's Poet of Dagestan";
The order of Lenin.

Gamzat has medals - "For Valiant Labor" and "For the Defense of the Caucasus".

Biography

Born on August 9 (21), 1877 in the village of Tsada (now the Khunzakh region of Dagestan) to the family of a poor peasant. His surname "Tsadasa" is a pseudonym and comes from the name of the village "Tsada" (translated from Avar - "from Tsada"). Early became an orphan, his father Yusupil Magoma died when he was 7 years old.

Studied in madrasah. For three years he was a dibir, that is, a Muslim priest and judge in his native village of Tsada. Later he relinquished this title. For some time he worked on the railroad and at the timber rafting. In 1908-1917 he was engaged in agriculture (a grain grower). In 1917-1919, Gamzat Tsadasa was a member of the Khunzakh Sharia Court. In 1921-1922 he worked as the editor of the Krasnye Gory newspaper, where he published his first poems.

In 1923-1925 he was the chairman of the Sharia court. In 1925-1932 he worked as a clerk of the Khunzakh regional executive committee. In 1932-1933 he worked as the secretary of the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Highlander". Since 1925, Gamzat Tsadasa was a permanent deputy of the Khunzakh District Council of Workers' Deputies. Member of the SP of the USSR since 1934. Delegate of the I Congress of Soviet Writers. Since 1950, he was elected a deputy of the USSR Supreme Council of the 3rd convocation, and was also elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan ASSR for the second time.

Creation

The beginning of his creative path dates back to 1891, his first poem is "Alibek's Dog". His pre-revolutionary poetry was socially accusatory. His poems and jokes were directed against various norms of adat, mullahs, rich people, merchants. After the October Revolution, Gamzat Tsadasa performed as a singer of the new life of the working highlanders ("October", "The Word of the Old Woman on the Day of March 8", "Old and New", "Stalin", "To Revenge", "Mountain Peaks", "Adat Broom" and etc.). The first collection of poems "Adat's Broom" was published in 1934. In the same year, "as the oldest poet, beloved by the broad masses of the working highlanders," he became the first national poet of Dagestan.

Gamzat Tsadasa is the first author of Avar fables, poems and fairy tales for children. His songs of the era of the Great Patriotic War, as well as a collection of patriotic poems "For the Motherland" gained popularity in Dagestan. Gamzat Tsadasa is the author of dramas and comedies "The Shoemaker", "Meeting in Battle", "The Marriage of Kadalav". A significant place in the poet's work is occupied by poetic tales ("The Elephant and the Ant", "The Tale of the Hare and the Lion", etc.) and the fables "The Dreamer Shepherd", "My tongue is my enemy", etc.). In the last years of his life, he wrote the plays "The Chest of Disasters", "Meeting in Battle", etc., the historical poems "Congratulations to Comrade Stalin on his seventieth birthday", "My Life", "The Tale of the Shepherd". The poet's work is connected with the Avar folklore. Tsadasa translated the works of A.S. Pushkin into Avar.

In 1967, the museum of Gamzat Tsadasa was opened in the village of Tsada.

Awards and prizes

Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951) - for the collection of poems "Favorites" ("The Tale of the Shepherd") (1950)
Order of Lenin (1944) - in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of creative activity
Order of the Red Banner of Labor (17.2.1939)
Medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus"
Medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
People's Poet of the Dagestan ASSR (1934)
Certificates of honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the DASSR

Source

Brief literary encyclopedia, M., 1975.

CREATION

In 1967, the museum of Gamzat Tsadasa was opened in the village of Tsada.

Gamzat Tsadasa (1877-1951) - Avar Soviet poet, statesman. People's poet of the Dagestan ASSR (1934). Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951). Father of Rasul Gamzatov.
Born on August 9 (21), 1877 in the village of Tsada (now the Khunzakh region of Dagestan) to the family of a poor peasant. His surname "Tsadasa" is a pseudonym and comes from the name of the village "Tsada" (translated from Avar - "from Tsada"). Early became an orphan, his father Yusupil Magoma died when he was 7 years old.
Studied in madrasah. For three years he was a dibir, that is, a Muslim priest and judge in his native village of Tsada. Later he relinquished this title. For some time he worked on the railroad and at the timber rafting. In 1908-1917 he was engaged in agriculture (a grain grower). In 1917-1919, Gamzat Tsadasa was a member of the Khunzakh Sharia Court. In 1921-1922 he worked as the editor of the Krasnye Gory newspaper, where he published his first poems.
In 1923-1925 he was the chairman of the Sharia court. In 1925-1932 he worked as a clerk of the Khunzakh regional executive committee. In 1932-1933 he worked as the secretary of the editorial office of the regional newspaper "Highlander". Since 1925, Gamzat Tsadasa was a permanent deputy of the Khunzakh District Council of Workers' Deputies. Since 1950, he was elected a deputy of the USSR Supreme Council of the 3rd convocation, and was also elected a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Dagestan ASSR for the second time.
Gamzat Tsadasa died on June 11, 1951 in Makhachkala.
The beginning of his creative path dates back to 1891, his first poem is "Alibek's Dog". His pre-revolutionary poetry was socially accusatory. His poems and jokes were directed against various norms of adat, mullahs, rich people, merchants. After the October Revolution, Gamzat Tsadasa performed as a singer of the new life of the working highlanders ("October", "The Word of the Old Woman on the Day of March 8", "Old and New", "Stalin", "To Revenge", "Mountain Peaks", "Adat Broom" and etc.). The first collection of poems "Adat's Broom" was published in 1934. In the same year, "as the oldest poet, beloved by the broad masses of the working highlanders," he became the first national poet of Dagestan.
Gamzat Tsadasa is the first author of Avar fables, poems and fairy tales for children. His songs of the era of the Great Patriotic War, as well as a collection of patriotic poems "For the Motherland" gained popularity in Dagestan. Gamzat Tsadasa is the author of dramas and comedies "The Shoemaker", "Meeting in Battle", "The Marriage of Kadalav". A significant place in the poet's work is occupied by poetic tales ("The Elephant and the Ant", "The Tale of the Hare and the Lion", etc.) and the fables "The Dreamer Shepherd", "My tongue is my enemy", etc.). In the last years of his life, he wrote the plays "The Chest of Disasters", "Meeting in Battle", etc., the historical poems "Congratulations to Comrade Stalin on his seventieth birthday", "My Life", "The Tale of the Shepherd". The poet's work is connected with the Avar folklore. Tsadasa translated the works of A.S. Pushkin into Avar.
In 1967, the museum of Gamzat Tsadasa was opened in the village of Tsada.
Awards and prizes
* Stalin Prize of the second degree (1951) - for the collection of poems "Favorites" ("The Tale of the Shepherd") (1950)
* The order of Lenin
* Order of the Red Banner of Labor
* People's poet of the Dagestan ASSR (1934)

Childhood

Work and self-education

At the same time, Gamzat was engaged in self-education. At first he studied. In his library there were poems by Omar Khayyam, Navoi, Hafiz, Fizuli, Saadi. He was also familiar with Firdousi's "Shah-name". Gamzat Tsadasa, whose biography we are now talking about, paid special attention to the work of poets from Dagestan. He was fascinated by the works of E. Emin and Eldarilav, O. Batyray and Tazhuddin Chanka, I. Kazak and Ankhil Marin. Tsadasu was interested in the novels of Victor Hugo, Lev Krylov, Anton Chekhov.

The beginning of the creative path

In the early 30s of the last century, writers from Moscow came to the village of Tsada. Petr Pavlenko and Vladimir Lugovsky were very interested in the biography of Gamzat Tsadasa and, of course, his work. Tikhonov, by the way, later recalled this acquaintance. He wrote that Gamzat is the sharpest mind in all of Avaria, a fighter against such vices as self-interest and stupidity, a magnificent poet, capable of defeating the enemies of the new regime with just a word, a sage who is well versed in the most cunning intricacies of Dagestan life. Nikolai Semenovich also noted the fact that Gamzat Tsadasa did not just write poetry, he thought in poetic form!

Popular recognition

Awards

The poet's work was appreciated by both readers and authorities. During his life, Tsadasa received many awards. Among them:

Stalin Prize;
the title of "People's Poet of Dagestan";
The order of Lenin.

Gamzat has medals - "For Valiant Labor" and "For the Defense of the Caucasus".