Entertainment infrastructure features and characteristics. Leisure and entertainment industry

Introduction

The entertainment segment is an important element for society, generating billions of dollars. Through entertainment, a person satisfies his spiritual, intellectual or physiological needs, evaluates himself as a person, analyzes his role in various situations and social systems, receives a charge of emotions and thrills. Therefore, more and more entertainment acts as the leading motives. Unfortunately, it should be noted that, despite the variety of ways, types and forms of entertainment, neither in modern statistical practice, nor in the scientific research of Russian specialists, there are so far no criteria for identifying the sphere of activity engaged in people's entertainment, there is no serious classification of its main types and forms. This, in turn, leads to the lack of demand for issues of economics, organization and management of enterprises that actually carry out entertainment processes. It seems obvious that the solution of the questions posed is, first of all, the task of the economy. Entertainment processes, as is known, are carried out both in natural and artificially created environments. The practice of creating special conditions for organizing entertainment processes has led to the emergence of a fairly powerful entertainment industry. The latter, in its modern form, took shape by the end of the 20th century.

Currently, as a rule, the entertainment industry includes enterprises, organizations and institutions whose main activity is related to meeting the needs of people in entertainment. Thus, the enterprises of the entertainment industry include those enterprises that have a pronounced entertainment nature of their activities. It can be a variety of entertainment enterprises: circuses, zoos, game libraries, attractions, amusement parks, theaters, cinemas, concert organizations and groups (show business enterprises). This may include enterprises organizing sports and entertainment events, as well as organizations for the purpose of entertainment - physical education (for example, in swimming pools, gyms, clubs, etc.). Some cultural enterprises (libraries, museums, exhibitions) may also be associated with entertainment. A special place among the listed enterprises is occupied by gambling enterprises.

The Entertainment Industry - A Historical Perspective

When it comes to the modern entertainment industry, someone sighs, someone begins to criticize and condemn the devilish invention, and someone's eyes light up feverishly. And few people think about this phenomenon as a component of the general flow of development of human civilization. And, nevertheless, humanity is growing, and its need for entertainment is growing. At the initial stages, people were quite satisfied with running competitions or shooting accuracy. In the future, there was a need to involve feelings and mind in this matter, so theaters and intellectual games appeared. If at first equipment and tools were made by hand (here are examples of folk applied art, which, in fact, existed as arts and crafts, as it depended on the idea of a particular master), then progress made its contribution to the development of the entertainment industry, using in equipment new materials and ideas. Scientists today say that the natural desire of a person, in addition to the desire to protect himself and his offspring, this very offspring to produce and provide, as well as to realize himself, is also the desire to “feed” the mind and soul, that is, to be impartial, to get dose of entertainment. Proof of this are the finds found during archaeological excavations, confirming the existence of diverse games and competitions in the ancient world. Civilizations such as the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians left us a huge heritage, not only culturally, but also socio-culturally, which we, sometimes without knowing it, use to this day. Entertainment in the course of the historical process has constantly changed. In times of global changes in the world, such as the Crusades, the Inquisition, revolutions, they subsided, but still did not cease to exist. Many legislative acts forbade gambling, but the desire of the people remained a stronger law, and such games again returned to the realities of life, where they gained incredible popularity. It may seem strange, or at least unusual, but without some entertainment, humanity would not receive significant nourishment. Thus, the lotteries, which were predominantly entertaining for the middle class, which they have not changed to this day, helped to rebuild a series of harbors in England and support French claims abroad. Research into the historical development of the entertainment industry is necessary for several reasons. Chief among them is the natural desire to avoid the mistakes of the past. No wonder some games were banned by the authorities, although they had no harm, except for their incredible popularity. Another, no less important reason is the study of the creative path of mankind, the many variations that it introduced into entertainment, as long as they did not reach our eyes and ears. It has not only historical significance, but also an educational function. And, finally, the third reason why it is worth looking at the entertainment industry from the point of view of the historical aspect is the prospect of the development of modern society, because, as you know, history repeats itself in a spiral.

The entertainment industry at this stage

Leisure and entertainment, which often include sports, is one of the most important areas of a person's daily life, which, along with education, can significantly influence the state of society. The need for them appears immediately after the satisfaction of the primary needs of people (food, shelter, the desire to produce offspring). Satisfaction with their quality and accessibility is for a person an indicator of his social position, and for society - an indicator of the development of the country's economy as a whole and its social sphere in particular, because the formation of the entertainment industry is a direct consequence of the achievement of a certain level of income of the population, when it has free funds. All over the world, the Leisure & Entertainment industry is a very profitable business. The sharp drop in the incomes of the Russian population in the 1990s led to decay leisure industry in the country. Many cinemas and sports facilities have closed. For a significant part of the population, of all the previously existing forms of spending free time, with the exception of various hobbies, only television remained. The economic recovery that began in 1999 led to an increase in incomes. Thus, for example, in 2007 the salaries of Russians grew faster than the official inflation indicator (12%), despite a significant increase in prices in the second half of the year. At the rate Ministry of Economic Development, for the year the income of Russians grew by 15.1%. The population began to release more and more free funds, which led to the fact that various kinds of entertainment became more accessible. In Russia, a new industry began to develop intensively - the entertainment industry, which is now one of the most dynamically developing industries in the country. The statistics confirm this. According to TNS Gallup, the average Russian spends on entertainment 5-7% your salary. Far more prosperous Irish, for example, do not allow themselves to spend more than 4%. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), the Russian entertainment industry (analysts included the media and the Internet) in 2006 showed the highest growth rates in Europe (7.1%), and by 2007 its volume should reach $ 21.1 billion. Projected average annual growth for 2007 -2011 - 6.9%. Growth is expected in almost all market segments, but its pace in most segments will slow down. For comparison, by 2010 the volume of the world entertainment market will grow to $1.8 trillion. The countries of the Asia-Pacific region will show the highest growth rates: by 2009, in terms of market size, China will overtake the Japanese market, the largest in Asia today. The US will remain the world's largest entertainment market, but will only grow by 5.6% annually. The Internet will remain the fastest growing segment of the Russian entertainment industry over the next 5 years (until 2011), adding an average of 20% annually. The second place in terms of growth rates will be occupied by pay TV - 18.3% per year. The most moderate growth will occur in the segment of book products (3.1% per year), which is in line with the global trend. The casino and sound recording segments will fall by an average of 22.2% and 7.7% per year, respectively.

Film industry

According to PwC, spending on film industry products in Russia (theater visits, buying and renting films on various media) grew by almost 13% in 2006 to $703 million, while cinema box office receipts reached $412 million, up 18% than in 2005. For the period from 2006 to 2011. box office receipts may more than double and are forecast to reach $941 million, while the entire market will reach $1.4 billion. Hollywood studios have earned on the Russians. Cinema chains continue to open cinemas - in 2007 their number should reach 630. But in order for the growth in the number of cinemas to lead to an increase in their attendance, it is necessary to attract to the halls those who now hardly go there.

Music Sales

Global digital music sales in 2007 demonstrated 40% growth, but less rapid than in 2006, when their volume almost doubled. At the same time, 2007 was disastrous for the biggest record labels. Sales of music on traditional media (CDs and DVDs) are plummeting even in the US with its developed market for audio recordings. In Russia in 2007 there were 17 entertainment and music channels. Of these, only the seven most popular deserve serious attention. Music Box TV and Music Box RU (belong to the international network Music Box Group).

Computer games

The volume of the world video game market in 2007 amounted to $37.5 billion, that is, in terms of volume, it has almost caught up with the musical one. In Russia, they also like to play - about half of our citizens who have a home computer use it exclusively for games. And about 1 million Russians - avid gamers spend playing computer games from 20 to 50 hours a week (that is, from 3 to 7 hours a day). According to IKS Consulting, the Russian market of computer games in 2007 grew by 24%. The main income came from sales of PC games ($300 million), and online games - $55 million. J"son & Partners, the average Russian gamer in 2007 spent about $4.5 per month on games. A feature of the Russian market is that the vast majority of Russian gamers prefer to use PCs rather than set-top boxes or game consoles. Although consoles (Xbox 360, PS3, Wii) have a number of advantages over a regular desktop computer, because they are made as comfortable as possible for games. In the USA, for example, in the segment of gaming devices, 80% of buyers prefer just consoles. The reason: the high cost of versions of games intended for them (pirates have not yet reached them) and the fact that consoles are created as a specialized product, and the Russian consumer chooses greater functionality and versatility, that is, a gaming PC.

Entertainment and sports complexes

At the rate Penny Lane Realty, the lack of family entertainment and sports complexes in Moscow and other Russian cities is associated with long payback periods (for example, compared to shopping malls), a lack of operators in this market segment as a whole, and with purchasing power limits (20% of the population are considered low-income). The lack of trust of the population in places of leisure (with the exception of fashionable and expensive ones), caused by a large number of so-called "clubs" of dubious quality, also plays a role. In the case of Moscow and other large cities, this is also the problem of the lack of free sites for construction.

The government is trying to fix the situation. For example, in Moscow back in 2001, the Decree of the Government of Moscow "On Approval of the Program for the Creation of an Urban Network of Family Sports and Leisure Centers (SSDC)", initiated by the Moscow International Business Association, was adopted (MMBA) and providing for the conversion of industrial and administrative buildings into family leisure centers of various profiles in each prefecture of the city.

Conclusion

A distinctive feature of the current stage of development of the entertainment industry in Russia is its penetration and formation in the Russian regions.

The entertainment industry is one of the components of the development of human civilization. Material goods satisfy a person's need for happiness indirectly. Intangible goods make a person happy - directly. Civilization (and its leaders) in the process of development will strive for more a short cut on the path of having happiness- i.e. to intangible goods. This thrust will stimulate the rapid development of the entertainment industry.

The entertainment industry is currently one of the most dynamically developing industries in Russia. A distinctive feature of the current stage is the formation of regions. Recently, the number of gambling equipment has increased quite significantly here, new serious leaders have appeared. At the same time, many metropolitan manufacturers pay close attention to the regional entertainment industry. The Krasnoyarsk Territory, in this respect, is one of the most promising regions that reflect this trend. The increase in business activity, the increase in the flow of tourists, the needs for active leisure require a significant number of entertainment centers of various classes that could meet the needs of guests and residents of the region at a modern level.

Bibliography

PricewaterhouseCoopers Publication "Global Entertainment and Media Industry Outlook 2007-2011"

industry entertainment is necessary for several reasons. The main... known, history repeats itself in a spiral. Industry entertainment is currently one of...

Having fun, a person or a group of people satisfy their spiritual needs, evaluate their capabilities. You can have fun both in the natural and in the artificially created environment. Creating the appropriate conditions for this is the task of the entertainment industry.
Psychologists explain the mechanism of the influence of entertainment on the spiritual world of a person as follows. The emergence of the need for entertainment encourages a person to physical actions - finding entertainment and its "consumption". Satisfaction of needs is accompanied by a change in the emotional background. A person is looking for an object of entertainment and experiences boredom, anxiety. Having found an object of entertainment, he experiences joy, pleasure, and when he relaxes, he calms down.
The entertainment industry shapes and develops the personality. It affects upbringing, the formation of an optimistic mood, recreation, and the cultural development of a person. The efficiency of people increases if they fill part of their free time with entertainment.
The social orientation of the development of the entertainment industry is expressed in the fact that it contributes to the formation of new personal and social needs, strengthening the physical and mental health of people. The entertainment industry, solving multifaceted tasks (primarily education, the formation of an optimistic mood, organization, recreation, the development of human culture), in fact, forms and develops a person. By filling part of his free time with entertainment, a person is also restored as a labor unit. Modern life is characterized by fast pace, stress, emotional imbalance of people. The risk of diseases of the nervous system increases. Entertainment next to other vacation activities helps to relieve nervous tension, get rid of excess negative energy.
For a long time, insufficient attention was paid to the issues of studying and satisfying the spiritual needs of people. The entertainment industry is still a fairly young industry, so the issues of economics, organization, and management of enterprises that provide the entertainment process have not yet been sufficiently developed. However, there are already a lot of enterprises whose activities are aimed at creating and organizing entertainment events.
The entertainment industry includes enterprises whose main activity is related to satisfying human needs for entertainment, which has a pronounced entertainment character: circuses, zoos, attractions, game libraries, amusement parks, etc. The establishment process is also provided by various entertainment institutions, including stationary and mobile theaters, cinemas, concert organizations and groups. Recreational activities include physical education classes in artificially created water pools and skating rinks, in gyms and clubs, as well as the activities of sports and entertainment enterprises. Visiting libraries, museums, exhibitions can also be accompanied by entertainment.
There are enterprises for which the provision of entertainment is not the main activity. Industries that produce related equipment and supplies should also be included in the entertainment industry. In world practice, tourism enterprises, including accommodation facilities, are related to the entertainment service sector.
The entertainment industry is an independent link in the economic system and covers significant material, financial and labor resources. Entertainment industry enterprises are characterized by specific technologies, management systems, and organization of personnel work.
It is important to study the behavior of tourists as consumers of entertainment products.
The main characteristics of the entertainment process are:
— Voluntary choice by the person of the type of entertainment;
— Unlimited list of types of entertainment;
- Preliminary attitude of a person to the consumption of entertainment;
- Frequent change of entertainment;
- Combining entertainment with other activities, such as recreation, sports, education;
- The frequency of consumption of entertainment.
It is necessary to distinguish between mass and individual entertainment. Entertainment can be specially organized or arise spontaneously.
The demand for the activities of the entertainment industry, the scale and characteristics of the work of enterprises depend on the volume and forms of use of free time. Many factors influence the choice of a particular entertainment. Among them are the increase in free time of the population, demographic, behavioral characteristics, lifestyle, as well as the development of the entertainment industry. An important factor in the formation of the entertainment environment is the income of the population.

And catering offer their customers a service related to entertainment. Hotels that meet modern requirements are required to create conditions for the provision of entertainment services.

Having fun, a tourist or a group of tourists satisfy their spiritual needs, evaluate their own personality, analyze their role within the social system. Entertainment processes can be carried out both in natural and artificially created environments.

The purpose of the entertainment industry is the formation of conditions for entertainment, that is, a complex of phenomena in the presence of which the implementation of the entertainment process is possible.

The social orientation of the sphere of activity under consideration is reflected in the formation of new personal and social needs, as well as in the manifestation and development of needs under the prevailing prerequisites.

The main tasks of the entertainment industry:

personality education;
formation of an optimistic mood;
human education;
rest and restoration of physical spiritual forces;
formation of human culture.

Remark 1

The study and satisfaction of the spiritual needs of the population with the help of entertainment began to be engaged relatively recently. Hence, there are shortcomings in economic issues, organization and management of enterprises that provide the entertainment process. Also, questions about the technological unity of the constituent elements of such an enterprise, its infrastructure, remain unanswered. So far, it has not been possible to form a set of organizational and economic criteria that reflect the characteristics of such enterprises.

Features of entertainment industry enterprises

The modern entertainment industry is represented by enterprises whose main activity is aimed at satisfying human needs for entertainment.

A typical example is institutions that have a pronounced entertainment character - circuses, zoos, attractions, game libraries, recreation parks, mobile towns, and so on. The process of entertainment can also be provided by entertainment enterprises, including stationary and mobile theaters, cinemas, art studios, concert organizations and groups.

Physical education activities (for example, swimming in pools, classes in gyms and clubs, etc.) are also recreational. This group includes sports and entertainment events. Visiting libraries, museums and exhibitions is also considered to be entertainment.

The sphere of providing entertainment services to the population is also represented by tourist organizations, including accommodation enterprises. Enterprises, organizations, institutions provide entertainment to their customers in the form of additional services. In addition to hotels, these include recreation areas and historical attractions.

The hospitality industry should also include sectors of the national economy that produce the equipment and inventory necessary for the implementation of entertainment activities.

Remark 2

The entertainment industry is a separate, relatively independent element of the economic system that attracts significant material, financial, and labor resources. From this point of view, entertainment industry enterprises have specific technologies, management systems, performance results, and organization of personnel work.

Features of the development of the entertainment industry in Russia

In Russia, entertainment events were organized by charitable organizations. At the beginning of the XIX century. in St. Petersburg, a society is opened, the purpose of which is to create conditions for popular entertainment. Over 2,000 people took part in mass events during the holidays. People's houses (by 1914 there were 237 of them) are considered the first club institutions. Games have become widespread. By the beginning of the XX century. a network of leisure educational institutions was formed.

By 1991, 134,600 clubs, 2,471 museums, 747 professional theaters, and 140 film installations were operating in the USSR. The development trends of the entertainment industry have been formed.

Remark 3

The current situation in this area of the Russian Federation is characterized by non-compliance with international standards and, at the same time, the emergence of new trends and needs. New museums and professional theaters are opening, but the number of visits is declining. New national parks are being created.

The current stage of development of the global entertainment industry is represented by such a direction as animation, which implies the introduction of a certain revival into the recreation process and the formation of positive emotions from personal participation in such events.

For Russia, this direction is still new, which affects the preferences of tourists to relax abroad. A number of measures are being taken to close this gap. A typical example is the first safari park in Russia, which is being built in the north-west of the Moscow region (Istra, Volokolamsk, Klin and Ruz districts). You can also highlight the "show museum" of Borodino.

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