Interactive game "natural communities". Flora and fauna of Belarus Topic of the lesson: What is a natural community? What is ecology

This presentation will help to conduct a lesson in biology according to GEF in grade 5. Theme of the lesson: "Natural communities". The lesson discusses various types of natural communities, the reasons for their formation. Work in groups, reflection in the form of a test is provided.

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"Presentation "Natural Communities" Grade 5."

NATURAL COMMUNITY

(BIOCENOSIS).

Exploring the chemical composition of bodies

inanimate wildlife,

scientists have determined that both living and

inanimate nature

are made up of the same

chemical substances

Inanimate nature

Live nature

Movement of substances in nature.

solar energy.

Carbon dioxide.

Oxygen.

Water (evaporation).

The plant is then eaten by an animal, and the one

in turn to other animals.

So plants will transfer substances to animals,

who received

from inanimate nature.

POWER CIRCUIT - trophic (food) relationships between organisms, in which each previous organism serves as food for the next.

food chain-

Make a food chain

The cycle of substances in nature

• the movement of substances from inanimate nature through the chain of living organisms into inanimate nature.

Inanimate nature

Manufacturers

Destroyers

Consumers

natural community-

the totality of living organisms living in the same area interconnected with each other.

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL COMMUNITIES.

1. Special environmental conditions (temperature, light, water, etc.)

2. Special flora and fauna (flora and fauna)

• Manufacturers;
• Consumers;
• Destroyers.

3. Supply chains.

The game "Third extra"

Group work.

• What community are you talking about?
• Make a food chain.
• Determine who is the producer, consumer, destroyer.

The natural community is an oak forest.

• The plant is a hare-fox.

• The plant is a mouse-owl.

Natural community-desert.

• Camel cactus.
• Plant - gazelle - jackal.

The natural community is a reservoir.

Plant - carp - pike.

The natural community is a meadow.

Plant-grasshopper-titmouse-hawk.

Check yourself.

0-1 mistake - 5 (well done!)

2-3 mistakes - 4 (Good!)

4-5 mistakes - 3

More than 6 mistakes - you need to learn more!

Reflection:

I liked everything, I understood the material,

I felt comfortable in class!

I did not understand the material, the lesson was not comfortable!

● Paragraph 20, assignments in the workbook

● Make a crossword "Natural community" by choosing one of the communities: meadow, field, swamp, river.

Homework

My country

Natural wealth of Belarus

Environmental problems:

Nature Protection of Belarus

Reserves and national parks of Belarus

Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve

National Park Belovezhskaya Pushcha

Pripyat National Park

Naroch National Park

Braslav Lakes National Park

Polessky Radiation-Ecological Reserve

"Reserves of Belarus" - Do not speak rude words, only give kind ones! Naroch National Park. Natural wealth of Belarus. Polessky Radiation-Ecological Reserve. Reserves and national parks of Belarus. listing plants and animals in the Red Book. Pripyat National Park. Only certain types of economic activity are prohibited here.

"City of Pinsk" - Currently used only for the needs of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In 1581 the city received the Magdeburg Law and its coat of arms. Church of Charles Baromei and the Franciscan Monastery (aerial view). Industrial enterprises account for almost 98% of exports. Region: Brest. Sport. Heraldry. Main square of the city. In 2006, the Polessky Drama Theater was opened in Pinsk.

"Animals of Belarus" - Irresponsibility, ignorance and indifference of the owners. The problem of homeless animals is very relevant in the city of Minsk. So it was before, but what about today, in our days? Why is it necessary to change tactics in solving the problem of homeless animals in Belarus? In 1987, the European Convention for the Protection of Pets was published.

"The Constitutional Court of Belarus" - Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Content of the study. Acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus Subject of study. The Constitution of the Republic of Belarus assigns the most important functions and tasks to the Constitutional Court. The acts of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus occupy a unique position in the system of legal acts of the country.

"Souvenirs from Belarus" - Delicious Esci! transit country. Favorite Minsk. The picture is a clock with only 2 digits on the dial - 20 and 14. You've never seen so many blues and greens! Belarus - the best part of your way! Belarus - places for kisses! We can smile, BY the way, our smiles in the hearts!

"Belarus" - The main wealth of Belarus - forests, meadows, mild climate. Another branch of the complex is forestry. The main direction of the chemical-forestry complex is the production of polymers. The food industry is closely related to agriculture. The missing metal is imported from Russia. In agriculture, more than half of the sown area is occupied by grain crops, and 1/3 - fodder.

In total there are 21 presentations in the topic

Lesson plan on ecology in grade 3. Prev meth Man and the world

Lesson topic: What is a natural community? What is ecology?

Lesson Objectives:

- to form an idea of ​​the natural community, the concept of "ecology", to systematize and generalize knowledge about the relationships in nature;

- develop the ability to establish natural relationships, predict the consequences of human imbalance in nature;

- to create conditions for the formation of the belief that everything in nature is interconnected, that human disturbance of natural balance can lead to the death of all living things, including humans, that each person is responsible for maintaining natural ties.

Equipment: drawings of forest plants, cards for modeling connections in the forest, task cards, table “Protected areas”, an exhibition of books about national parks and the reserve of the Republic of Belarus.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment

2. Checking homework

Students choose independently to complete any task from any level.

Tasks of the first level are estimated at 1 - 2 points, of the 2nd level at 3 - 4 points; the third - in 5 - 6 points. To evaluate the results, you can use the following table:

The number of tasks can be reduced, instead of one of those presented in the table, students offer questions or tasks on the topic that they have compiled.

3. Learning new material

Answers to textbook questions.

The game "Look for connections"

Pairs of words are written on the board or on cards, between which students look for connections:

Pond - fish; forest - trees, tree - woodpecker, bump - woodpecker, squirrel - marten, oak - mouse, forest - mushroom, meadow - butterflies; swamp - frog; oak - jay; the lake is toothless, the flower is a butterfly.

- Make a conclusion what types of connections are reflected here (it is not necessary to explain the connections in each pair of objects).

On the basis of the game, the knowledge that there are "apartment" and food connections between plants and animals is updated.

Formulation of the topic of the lesson

What natural houses are named in this game?

On the board are cards with the words: forest, meadow, swamp, body of water.

These natural homes are called natural communities.

A card appears on the board above the already exposed cards natural communities.

How do you understand the word "community"?

- Consider the drawings in the textbook, reflecting the food connections in the meadow, in the reservoir (work in pairs) and establish how the depicted organisms are related.

Conclusion: Plants and animals are linked by food links.

In the forest, too, all plants and animals live together. Let's prove it. Let's model the forest "floors" already familiar to us.

On the board are drawings of forest plants arranged in three rows (if there are no drawings, the names of the plants are written down). The students identify the plants in the top row (first tier) and check if all the plants are in place; if there are errors, correct them. The next two rows are checked in the same way.

- Could plants live in the forest without being located in different tiers?

- Make a conclusion why some plants grow in the upper tier, others in the second and third?

- Thus, layering is the adaptation of plants to cohabitation.

Didactic game "Spider web" (work in pairs)

On the cards (as well as on the board), the students are offered the following scheme:

- Using a pencil, draw the links that exist between the indicated objects.

Discussion of the results obtained on the basis of the diagram shown on the board (the diagram is built using prepared cards, connections are drawn on the board with chalk).

What does the resulting drawing remind you of?

- What conclusion can be drawn from the resulting web?

- Consider in the textbook a drawing of a food web in an oak forest and answer the question of the textbook.

Conclusion: In a natural community, food chains intertwine and form a single food web.

- And again we return to the diagram on the board and discuss the question: What will happen if all insectivorous birds disappear in the forest?

As students answer, the teacher removes cards with the names of plants and animals from the diagram.

A diagram appears on the board.

- Comment on the diagram using the text of the textbook:

In the process of commenting, the scheme is supplemented with generalizing materials:

- What will happen if the plants do not receive nutrients, enough water, light and heat?

What happens if the plants disappear?

What will happen if herbivorous animals disappear?

- What will happen if microorganisms disappear, gravedigger beetles?

- Why is it necessary to know the connections existing in nature and why it is impossible to break them?

- Compare your conclusion with the text of the textbook.

Reading the text of the textbook

What is the significance of the science of ecology for man?

— So, ecology answers the question why and how it is necessary to protect nature, the connections existing in it.

— Based on the table, find out how reserves differ from reserves and national parks:

Protected areas

Work on assignments under the heading "Think" (work in pairs).

4. Consolidation of the studied

- Read the output of the textbook.

Task for those who wish: to prepare a message about one of the national parks or nature reserves of the Republic of Belarus.

See also lessons:

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Lesson on the subject of man and the world

Topic: “Plant and animal world. What is a natural community?

Lesson Objectives:

1 ) cognitive

begin to form the concept of a natural community in which living and inanimate nature are interconnected;

to convince schoolchildren that the violation of these connections is accompanied by significant changes in any natural community.

2) developing

to form skills: observe, analyze, compare, draw conclusions and conclusions, make judgments.

3) educational

to help students learn to build their behavior in nature based on knowledge of the relationships in it and an appropriate assessment of the possible consequences of their actions.

During the classes:

1. Organizational moment. (slide 1)

Guys! Today is a wonderful day, because the sun is shining, which loves and warms everyone.

Imagine a small star in your heart. Mentally direct to her the rays that carrylove, peace, kindness .

And now send to her the rays that carryhealth, joy, warmth, light, tenderness, affection .

Our little star has become as big as the sun.

Sit down.

Children, I want you to remember what you feel now and take with you the ability to listen and hear, think and generalize.

Today at the lesson I need your attention, support and help.

Close your eyes, lower your heads and listen to the words:

“If we close our eyes, we won’t see anything. There was nothing before but darkness. And it was so until a blue sparkling ball appeared - this is the earth. Life begins ... The world shimmers dazzlingly. And how important it is to continue forever.” (open your eyes)

What do we need in class? (slide 2)

- Work together.

- Be able to listen to each other.

- Listen to others without interrupting

carefully.

- Be able to allocate responsibilities

among themselves, clearly know the share of work

everyone.

- Be able to negotiate, help

each other.

2. Checking d \ z: (Test) on the topic "Rivers and lakes" (slide 3)

A river is a body of water that has a source and a mouth.

2. The depression along which the river flows is called the channel.

3. The beginning of the river is called the mouth.

4. The exit of groundwater to the surface is called a castle.

5. Small rivers that flow into large ones are called tributaries.

3. Mini - projects of students in groups: (slides 4, 5, 6)

1 group - Lake Naroch

Group 2 - Lake Svityaz

Group 3 - Neman River

Lake Naroch- "pearl" of the Belarusian land. It is so huge that in cloudy weather the opposite shore is lost in a haze, and then it seems as if you are standing on the shores of a mysterious ancient sea. It is located in the Myadel region, the Naroch River basin, on the territory of the Naroch National Park. Included in the Naroch group of lakes and is a resort area. It is the largest natural reservoir in Belarus. Its area is 79.6 sq. km. At the same time, the depths in Naroch are small - the average is 8.9 meters.

It is safe to say that Lake Naroch occupies the first place in Belarus in terms of purity and transparency of water. The bottom, covered with sand and stone, is visible up to 5-7 meters in summer and up to 10 meters in winter. Tench, burbot, Amur carp and others are found here. The catches are usually dominated by bream, pike, and roach. There is also eel in the lake

In order to preserve the wealth of the lake, a complex of protective measures is provided - a water protection zone has been allocated around the lake with a special regime for the use of natural resources.

The water in Lake Naroch is surprisingly clean and transparent. In clear calm weather at a depth of six meters, you can easily see the numerous inhabitants of the lake, and if you're lucky, in addition to bleak, perch, roach, pike, you can see catfish.

The lake is distinguished by the abundance of waterfowl, nesting of rare for Belarus mute swan, lesser tern, osprey, and lesser grebe has been noted on it and in its environs.

Lake Svityazis located in the basin of the Molchad River, almost in the center of the Novogrudok Upland, 3 km southeast of the village of Valevka, Grodno region. Its area is about 170 hectares and it has a rounded shape. A small river Svorotva flows from Svityaz. There are no surface watercourses (rivers and streams) flowing into the lake. The lake is framed by a massive emerald necklace - a dense ring of kilometer-wide forest. In 1970, Lake Svityaz and the territories adjacent to it were declared an ecological reserve. There is a sanatorium on the shore of the lake.

Here, even in the lake, many relict plants grow that could rightfully be called "kings" - Dortman's lobelia, the flexible naiad, the lake halfwort and the rare single-flowered coastal plant.

But the most mysterious is the presence in the lake of a very rare plant form that grows only on the island of Java, and the presence of a mollusk here - known only for the lakes of France, Belgium and Germany

Lake Svityaz has been declared a nature reserve along with a forest area of ​​847 hectares. Here, mixed plantations of oak, spruce, hornbeam, ash, maple, aspen in small areas alternate with pure pine forests, alder forests, birch forests, forming more than 25 different types of forest.

In well-preserved forests, there are many blueberries, lingonberries, strawberries; in peat meadows there are interesting carnivorous plants - round-leaved sundew and common butterwort, and in forest thickets among a wide variety of herbaceous vegetation - rare orchids.

Neman, which flows through the territory of the region - the third largest river in Belarus. Its total length is 937 km, and within the Grodno region - 360 km.

It starts under the name Nemanets on the Stolbtsovskoy plain. , flows through the Minsk and Grodno regions of Belarus. It flows into the Baltic Sea.

The channel is winding, there are many shoals and rifts, sandy islands. The width in some places reaches 640 m.

Above the city of Grodno, the width of the valley in some places does not exceed 300-400 m, and the depth reaches 35-45 m. The river here resembles a fast mountain stream. Its banks are dotted with pebbles and large boulders. In the channel, boulders often form real rapids. The slopes of the valley are cut by numerous deep ravines.

The Neman is fed by melted snow, rain and groundwater. During the spring flood, the water level in the river rises by 2-3 m or more. At Grodno, the rise of water in spring reaches 8 m. In summer and autumn, after heavy rains, there are short-term floods.

It freezes in the second half of December, opens in the 3rd decade of March. The maximum ice thickness is 65 cm. Spring ice drift lasts 7-15 days. Spring floods come in several waves. The average excess of the water level of 4 m increases downstream.

There are perch, pike, roach, bream, crucian carp, bleak, a valuable species - pike perch.

On the river stand the cities of Grodno, Bridges, Stolbtsy

According to scientists, more than a million years ago, an ancient river existed on the site of the Neman. Later, this territory was covered more than once by glaciers advancing from Scandinavia. But when they retreated, the Neman revived again and again and made its way to the sea. People first appeared on the banks of the river about 11-12 thousand years ago.

The Neman is a navigable river. Regular navigation connects Grodno with the Lithuanian city of Druskininkai, and during high water river vessels with timber, building materials and other cargo rise above the place where the Berezina River flows into the Neman. There is also a hydroelectric power station on the Neman (near the city of Kaunas, the Republic of Lithuania). In front of the hydroelectric dam there is a large reservoir, which is called the Kaunas Sea.

4. And now, guys, I want you to watch the movie and think about what we will talk about today at the lesson?

(video about nature)

Game "Tell me a word" (slide 7-8)

Look my dear friend

What is around?

The sky is light blue

The sun shines golden

The wind plays with leaves

A cloud floats in the sky

Field, river and grass,

Man and season

It's all around nature.

5. -Updating knowledge (slide 9-11)

What is nature? (This is everything that surrounds us that is not made by human hands).

What two groups is nature divided into? (Alive and non-living).

What objects are living things? (Man, plants, animals, fungi and microbes).

What are the inanimate objects? (Sun, air, water, relief).

Is there a relationship between living and non-living things? (slide 12)

I see, guys, you find it difficult to answer this question, so let's start working in groups,because together easier to resolve issues.

6. Work in groups. Learning new material.

Each group has a set of pictures with depicted objects of nature and simply objects of nature.

1) Statement of the problem (slide 13)

We have one problem. You need to choose suitable, in your opinion, objects of nature for a particular area. In the process of work, you can consult, after completing the work, representatives of the groups will prove why these particular objects of nature were located in this territory.

The first group has a forest.

The second is a river.

The third has a swamp.

Once you're ready, hold up the signal card with the red circle.

2) Problem Solving

Is everyone ready?

We give the floor to the group that completed the task first.

Name all those objects that were attributed to the forest? Why?

Why did you put a squirrel in there?

Can a squirrel exist without a forest?

What items are redundant? (Fish).

Why? (She can't live without water, algae)

We give the floor to the group that completed the task second.

What objects of nature did you attribute to the swamp? (Cranberry, heron, frog, peat).

What items are redundant? Why? (Hedgehog - because he lives in a dry area, eats mice, mushrooms, which are not in the swamp).

We give the floor to the representative of the third team:

What objects did you attribute to the territory of the river? (Fish, algae, pebbles).

What items are redundant? (Squirrel).

Why?

7. Generalization (slide 14 - 15)

Guys, you just told how everything in nature is connected and united.

This unity of animate and inanimate nature, which develops under certain environmental conditions, is callednatural community.

There are a lot of them: this is a meadow, and a lake, and a field.

What communities were discussed in the groups? (About the forest, about the swamp, about the river).

You will learn more about natural communities in the next lessons.

And now, guys, the owner of the forest "Lesovichok" invites you to relax.

8. Fizminutka (musical forest fizminutka)

9. Work with the textbook

Open the textbook and find the answer to the question - What is a natural community?

So guys, what is a natural community? (This is the unity of animate and inanimate nature, which develops under certain environmental conditions.

The game "Who is superfluous" (slide 16 - 17)

Working in pairs

10. Forest - the main natural community of Belarus (slide 18)

Plants and animals of the forest are interconnected by invisible threads - food ties. (p. 44)

11. Man is part of nature (slide 19)

Nature, like a wounded bird, screams, asks for help! We must know how to preserve natural wealth for those who will live on Earth after us.

Since ancient times, people have been engaged in farming on Earth. They build cities, roads, cultivate fields. All this is necessary. But for this you have to destroy forests. Trees are also cut down for the sake of wood that people need. That is why every year there are fewer forests left on Earth.

Air and water are becoming more and more polluted. And we know that they are necessary for the life of plants, animals, and humans. But from factories and factories smoke gets into the air, and sewage with various harmful substances into rivers and lakes...(slide 20).

First of all, it is necessary to observe the rules of behavior in the forest, in the meadow, on the river. Let's repeat these rules.

1. (Slide 21) On excursions, during hikes and walks, do not break the branches of trees and shrubs! A plant is a living being and the branches, together with the leaves, help it breathe, release oxygen into the air, and trap dust. Where there are many plants, it is easy to breathe!

2. (Slide 22) Do not damage the bark of trees. Understand they hurt! They stop growing and die painfully for a long time, only they cannot say about it.

3. (Slide 23) Do not pick flowers in the forest and meadow! After all, a flower in a vase is a prisoner sentenced to death. May this miracle please the eye, rejuvenate the heart, the soul of those who come after us. It was the habit of picking flowers that led to the extinction of many plant species.

4. (Slide 24) In the forest, try to walk along the paths so as not to trample the grass and soil. Folk wisdom says: "One person leaves a trail in the forest, a hundred people leave a path, and thousands leave a wasteland."

5. (Slide 25) You can’t take eggs from nests, destroy anthills, dig holes and disturb forest dwellers.

6. (Slide 26) Do not make a fire in the forest if it is not necessary! Bonfires are wounds in the forest above ground cover. They take 15-20 years to heal. A fire can start from a fire!

7. (Slide 27) Do not knock down mushrooms, even inedible ones. Anyone who knocks fly agarics with a stick does not respect the forest, does not understand it. Amanitas help trees grow, they feed on squirrels, moose, magpies.

8. (Slide 28) In the forest, it is forbidden to turn on tape recorders at full power, raise shouts and noise. From this, animals and birds leave their burrows and nests. It is necessary to appreciate, to protect the eternal wise silence, to be able to listen to the magical sounds of the forest.

9. (Slide 29) Do not leave a mess in the forest. Remember! Abandoned paper decomposes for 2 years, a tin can for at least 70 years, a plastic bag will lie for a very long time, since there are no bacteria on Earth that can destroy it, and a piece of glass in sunny weather can play the role of a lens and cause a forest fire.

Summary of the lesson. Poem:

On our earthly ball,
Where we were born and live
Where is the summer dew in the grass
And blue skies

Where is the sea, mountains, steppes, forest -
Full of mysterious wonders.

A gray wolf roams the forest, and a thin lily of the valley blooms,
In the steppe feather grass, like delicate silk,
The wind blows.
A waterfall rumbles on the rocks, and sprays fly like a rainbow.

And in the blue sea a fat whale -
Big as a house, sleeping on the waves.

Don't destroy this world
Girls and boys
Otherwise these miracles
Remain only in the book.

To be in the sources of Narzan.
From the clearing - strawberries,
Be careful like Tarzan
Make friends with wild nature.

You are part of her wonders too
And the forest darkens for you
And the bright river flows
And lilacs bloom in spring.
And you have to try
We can't part with this.