Major Buddhist holidays and solemn dates. Holidays and calendars

1. BUDDHIST HOLIDAYS.
2. In the Buddhist ritual tradition, a lunar calendar is adopted. Due to the fact that the lunar calendar is almost a month shorter than the solar one, the dates of the holidays, as a rule, shift within one and a half to two months, and are calculated in advance using astrological tables. Most holidays fall on full moons. The main religious holidays of Buddhists are:  Vesak (dedicated to the birthday, Enlightenment and departure of Buddha Shakyamuni to nirvana).  Sagaalgan. White month (New Year).
3. Vesak (Vishakha Puja, Donchod-khural, Vesak, Saga Dawa) The most important general Buddhist holiday is celebrated on the full moon day of the second month of the lunar calendar, it falls at the end of May - the beginning of June of the Gregorian calendar. It is dedicated to the three most important events in the life of Buddha Shakyamuni: his Birth (Jayanti), Enlightenment (Bodhi) and Departure to Nirvana (Parinirvana). The holiday lasts a week. At this time, solemn prayers are held in all monasteries, processions and processions are arranged. Temples are decorated with flower garlands and paper lanterns, which symbolize the enlightenment that came to the world with the teachings of the Buddha. Oil lamps are placed on the territory of temples (around sacred trees and stupas). The monks read prayers all night and tell believers stories from the life of the Buddha and his disciples.
4. Circulation of Maitreya Maidari-khural The holiday is dedicated to the coming to earth of Maitreya - the Buddha of the Coming World Period. This is the name in Buddhism of that period of time that will come after the end of the period of "rule of our world by Buddha Shakyamuni." On this day, after a festive prayer service, a sculptural image of Maitreya is taken out of the temple, put under a canopy on a chariot, into which a sculptural image of a horse or elephant is harnessed. Surrounded by believers, the chariot slowly makes a detour around the territory of the monastery, moving in the direction of the sun. One group of monks drives the chariot, others go ahead or behind it, reciting prayers. This procession moves throughout the day along the outer wall, stopping for a long time at each of its turns to read prayers and drink tea.
5. Sagaalgan. White month New Year. Three days before the onset of the holiday, a special prayer service is performed in the temples, dedicated to the dharmapalas - the ten deities who protect the Teaching. The greatest reverence among them is given to the goddess Shri-Devi. To receive the blessing of the goddess, it is recommended not to sleep all night until 6 in the morning - either attend prayers in the temple, or read mantras at home and do practice. Solemn services - khurals - are held in the temple throughout the day and night. At home, a festive table is laid, on which white food (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, butter) must be present. On the first day of the year, you can’t go to visit, it must be spent in the family circle. Going to visit, visiting relatives begins on the second day and can continue until the end of the month. The whole month is considered a holiday.
6. Lhabab duichen Buddha's descent from the Tushita sky to the earth According to legend, before his last earthly incarnation, Shakyamuni Buddha was in the Tushita sky (Tib. Ganden, lit. "Garden of Joy"). Tushita is the fourth heaven where all bodhisattvas reside before they become buddhas. In order to reincarnate in this sky, it is necessary to develop the Four Immeasurable States of the Awakened Mind in oneself - Holy Love, Compassion, Joy and Equanimity. Descending from the heavens of Tushita into the world of people, Shakyamuni laid his crown on the head of the Future Buddha Maitreya, who is currently preaching the Teaching to the gods there and is waiting for the time when he can descend to earth. The Buddha's decision to gain the last earthly birth and open the "way of the Buddha" to everyone is the main idea of this holiday.
7. Zula-khural "Festival of a thousand lamps" The most important memorable day for the followers of Buddhism. It is on the 25th day of the first winter month according to the lunar calendar in the datsans of Russia and not only that they celebrate the day of memory (going into nirvana) of Bogdo Tsongkhava (1357-1419), the earthly incarnation of the bodhisattva Manjushri, the founder of the Tibetan Gelug school, whose followers today are the Buddhists of the Traditional Sangha of Russia and many believers around the world. The Zula Khural lasts for three days. On Tsongkha Memorial Day, it is customary to eat a special porridge, which is boiled from pieces of dough. With the onset of darkness, thousands of oil lamps (“zula”, hence the name of the holiday) are lit inside and around the temples and monasteries. In memory of the great Teacher, lamps burn until dawn.
8. Oil lamps lit on this day symbolize the Light of Wisdom, dispelling the darkness of ignorance from living beings.
9. Buddhist holidays often change depending on the country in which It is interestingly celebrated ... The procession of elephants is a Buddhist holiday, celebrated by Buddhists in Thailand. According to legend, in one of his sermons on the comprehension of the Doctrine (Dharma), the Buddha cited to his disciples the example of a wild elephant caught: in order to tame such an elephant, it is harnessed to a couple already tamed. In the same way, a person who begins to comprehend the teachings of Buddhism should do this under the guidance of an experienced teacher. In memory of this sermon, the Buddhists of Thailand arrange a solemn procession of elephants.
Bodhi Day - Buddhist This is an interesting holiday, traditionally celebrated on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month in the Chinese calendar. The Bodhisat tree, considered the most sacred tree in the world, is the tree under which the Buddha meditated.
11. Asola PeraharaFeast of the Tooth of the Buddha Interesting Asola Perahara is a Buddhist holiday celebrated by Buddhists in Sri Lanka. It is celebrated on the full moon night of the fourth month of the Indian lunar calendar. At this time, a solemn procession is held in the city of Kandy (Sri Lanka), during which the Tooth of Buddha, a relic stored in the Dalada Maligawa temple, is carried through the streets of the city. Buddha's tooth and kept it as a priceless relic. Then this relic was placed in one of the Buddhist temples of India and was kept there for about eight centuries, but in the IV century, when an internecine war began in India, it was transported to the safest place - to the island of Sri Lanka. Here, for the tooth of the Buddha, the Dalada Maligawa temple was built, in which it is kept to this day.
12. Questions and task1. What is the most important holiday in Buddhism?2. How do the Buddhists of our country celebrate the New Year according to the Eastern calendar?3. What holiday do you remember the most? Which Buddhist holiday would you like to visit and why?4. Prepare a story about any Buddhist holiday, collect illustrations for it (or draw it yourself)

The peculiarity of Buddhism and his f and losophical essence

Khvorostova A.V.

MAOU secondary school No. 1, Monino village

emergence Buddhism

Buddhism originated in the 6th century BC in India, and is currently widespread in the countries of South, Southeast, Central Asia and the Far East and has about 800 million followers. Tradition links the emergence of Buddhism with the name of Prince Siddhartha Gautama. Unlike Christianity and Islam, Buddhism lacks the idea of God as the creator of the world and its ruler. The essence of the doctrine of Buddhism boils down to the call of every person to embark on the path of searching for inner freedom, complete liberation from all the shackles that life brings.

It is believed that this is one of the oldest world religions, recognized by a wide variety of peoples with completely different traditions. “Without understanding Buddhism, it is impossible to understand the great cultures of the East – Indian, Chinese, not to mention the cultures of Tibet and Mongolia, permeated with the spirit of Buddhism to their last foundations”

BUDDHA (SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA)

Religious thinker, whose teachings became the basis of one of the three world religions - Buddhism

years of life 563 - 483 years. BC.

The son of the ruler of one of the kingdoms in northern India. According to legend, until the age of 29 he lived without leaving the palace, did not know that there were disasters, misfortunes, illnesses, and death in the world.

Secretly leaving the palace and getting into the city, Siddhartha saw sick, old man, funeral procession and ascetic hermit . Disguised as a servant, he flees the city and spends 6 years in continuous ascetic exhaustion of the flesh.

After disappointment in asceticism, insight descends on Siddhartha. He becomes buddha (enlightened). 4 noble truths are revealed to him.

Followers gather around the Buddha, who then begin to spread his teachings throughout India and neighboring countries.

Birthplace of Buddha

Buddha - "enlightened"

Under the bothi tree, Siddhartha has an insight on how to get rid of grief, fear, longing that darken a person's life.

Four noble truths

1. Life is suffering

Birth, love, illness, death - everything brings suffering to a person

2. The cause of suffering is human desires

Life already gives everything to a person, but he wants more, hence all the vices that bring SUFFERING appear: anger, envy, jealousy, fear

3. Man himself can find the way to salvation

Eliminate the cause by an effort of will - stop desiring

4. Path to salvation

Cultivate noble feelings in your soul or the "Eternal" way

The Eightfold Path

noble intention

(better secret - to feed,

learn, cure

correct

thought(think)

correct

speech

(don't raise your tone,

don't swear)

correct

action ,

those. non-infliction

Right Attitude

to nature

(you are part of nature,

save her -

save yourself)

Right Attitude

to children: love is demanding,

intelligent, thinking

do not indulge in evil desires,

cruelty

correct

an effort, i.e.

self-education and

self-control.

correct

concentration

Five commandments for the laity

1. Don't kill

2. Don't steal

3. Do not commit adultery

4. Don't lie

5. Don't drink intoxicating drinks

“A person who follows the Dharma is like a person who entered with fire in a dark room. The darkness will part before him, and the light will surround him. From the teachings of the Buddha

Pagoda

According to legend, the first eight stupas were erected to store the ashes of the Buddha.

MORTAR

Pagoda

monasteries

Datsan - Buddhist monastery

Commandments for monks

Dont kill

Don't steal

Don't commit adultery

Do not lie

Don't drink intoxicating drinks

Don't eat after noon

Don't dance, don't sing, don't attend shows

Don't wear jewelry

Don't use luxury seats

Don't take gold and silver

Prayer

Sangha - community

KARMA - fate, reward

Karma is created by your own good deeds. Everything returns to you: both evil and good. A good person after death turns into a lotus, an evil one into a snake.

tipitaki

Translated from Sanskrit (the language of the Gods) - three baskets.

The first basket - rules and disciplinary norms for monks

The second basket is the basket of mantras (parables and mantras or prayers)

The third basket is the Buddha's teaching on salvation

Buddhist food

Rice, sago, millet, millet, fruits, vegetables.

DO NOT eat meat, fish - a dead living being.

Differences from other religions

Unlike other religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam),

not in Buddhism

omnipotent Creator God or Personal God,

atonement for sins

unconditional faith, in particular the faith

into supernatural powers

absolute devotion,

a religious organization similar to a church

(the Buddhist sangha is a community

not an organization)

common and indisputable dogmas for all schools.

The Buddha did not consider himself God, "supernatural

being” or “intermediary between people and higher

forces", unlike the preachers of other religions,

and said only that he experienced some experience

"mystical insight into reality as it is."

Holidays of Buddhism

Wesak is the birthday of the Buddha. On this day, it is customary to bring joy to the unfortunate, to release birds and animals from cages.

Holidays of Buddhism

Asanha Pucha - celebrated in memory of the sermons of the Buddha and the attainment of the sacred sangha

Holidays of Buddhism

Pavarana. Tradition says that on this day, the Buddha taught the monks the art of silence (they kept silence for three months). On this day, they ask for forgiveness from everyone who was hurt during the rainy season.

Holidays of Buddhism

Songkran is a celebration of water as a pure element. The central ceremony is the release of fish into reservoirs for breeding.

Holidays of Buddhism

Loy Krathong - worship of the sacred footprints of the Buddha. The holiday of lovers, it is customary to let wreaths, candles float on the water, and fire lanterns to go up. They ask the Buddha to send mutual love and fidelity.

Holidays of Buddhism

Loy Krathong

Holidays of Buddhism

Loy Krathong

Holidays of Buddhism

Ulanbana is a holiday-festival in nature. The dead are commemorated.

quiz

6th century BC

1. In what century did Buddhism originate?

in India

2. Where did Buddhism originate?

Tsarevich

3. Who was the Buddha before "Enlightenment"?

4. At what age did Gautama Buddha attain enlightenment?

At the age of 35

5. Is there Buddhism in Russia?

Yes. Buryatia, Tuva, Kalmykia

Law

6. What is dharma?

quiz

Community

7. What is a sangha?

"Enlightened"

8. How is "Buddha" translated?

Pagoda, stupa, datsan

9. What Buddhist temples do you know?

10. What is the name of the holy book of Buddhists?

Tipitaka

11. What does Karma mean?

fate, reward

Buddhism is the most peaceful religion.

Religion-philosophy.

You do not have to sacredly believe, think, check for yourself

BUDDHISM Buddhism is the most ancient world religion. religion. It arose in the VI century. BC. in India. Buddhism is practiced by about 700 million people. Buddhism is widespread in the countries of South, Southeast, Central Asia and the Far East. The founder of Buddhism was a real historical figure - Siddhartha Gautama (from the Gautama clan), who belonged to the Kshatriya varna and lived in northern India. BUDDHISM Buddhism is the oldest world religion. It arose in the VI century. BC. in India. Buddhism is practiced by about 700 million people. Buddhism is widespread in the countries of South, Southeast, Central Asia and the Far East. The founder of Buddhism was a real historical figure - Siddhartha Gautama (from the Gautama clan), who belonged to the Kshatriya varna and lived in northern India. “A person who follows the Dharma is like a person who enters a dark room with fire. The darkness will part before him, and light will surround him.” From the Buddha's Instructions 3 THE ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM Buddhism became the state religion in Tibet in the second half of the 8th century, in the Tangut state of the IXXIII centuries. (the northwestern part of modern China) - in the 10th century, in Mongolia - in the second half of the 16th century. Since that time, the Oirats (Western Mongols), who formed in the 17th-18th centuries, also accepted it. the huge Dzungar Khanate (stretched from Semipalatinsk and the steppe Altai to Tibet in the south and Tuva in the east), as well as the Kalmyk Khanate, which entered in the middle of the 17th century. to the Moscow kingdom. At the same time, Transbaikalia entered it, which, simultaneously with the Russians, was settled by the Buryats, who already professed Tibetan Buddhism. At present, Buddhism is widespread in Taiwan, Thailand, Nepal, China, Mongolia, Korea, Sri Lanka, Russia, and Japan. Tibetan Buddhism is successfully developing in Western countries. 4 BUDDHA (SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA) Religious thinker, whose teaching became the basis of one of the three world religions - Buddhism. BC. Birthplace of Buddha The son of the ruler of one of the kingdoms in northern India. According to legend, until the age of 29 he lived without leaving the palace, did not know that there were disasters, misfortunes, illnesses, and death in the world. Secretly leaving the palace and getting into the city, Siddhartha saw a sick man, an old man, a funeral procession and an ascetic hermit. Disguised as a servant, he flees the city and spends 6 years in continuous ascetic exhaustion of the flesh. After disappointment in asceticism, insight descends on Siddhartha. He becomes a Buddha (enlightened). 4 noble truths are revealed to him. Followers gather around the Buddha, who then begin to spread his teachings throughout India and neighboring countries. 5 TRIPITAKA - THE "HOLY BOOK" OF THE BUDDHISTS Tripitaka (Skt. त्रिपिटक, "Three Baskets"; Pali., Tipiṭaka) is a set of Buddhist sacred texts compiled shortly after the death of the Buddha at the First Buddhist Council in Rajagriha (about 477 BC). ). Tripitaka received the final edition at the Third Buddhist Council in Pataliputra in the 3rd century BC, and was written down in the 80s BC. in Ceylon. Tripitaka consists of three sections: 1. Vinaya-pitaka (collection of disciplinary rules: contains mainly the rules of Buddhist behavior and the organization of the Buddhist community). 2. Sutta Pitaka (collection of texts: contains an exposition of the teachings of Buddhism in its original form and consists of five parts): a. Digha nikaya (collection of long discourses). b. Majjhima nikaya (collection of discourses of medium length). c. Samyutta nikaya (collection of related discourses). d. Anguttara nikaya (collection of discourses, more than one term). e. Khuddaka nikaya (collection of short discourses). 3. Abhidhamma-pitaka (exposition of the teachings of Buddhism in a scholastic manner). 6 IDEOLOGY OF BUDDHISM Based on the study of the philosophical heritage of Vedism and Brahminism, six years of asceticism, yoga classes, Gautama discovered 4 great truths, became enlightened - the Buddha THE BASIS OF BELIEF IS IDEOLOGY: FEATURES OF BUDDHISM The principle of rebirth (samsara) The idea of retribution (karma) The righteous path (dharma) ) THE MOST IMPORTANT PRINCIPLE OF BUDDHISM IS ORIENTATION TO AN INDIVIDUAL SPIRITUAL LIFE One of the first principles characteristic of all world religions is laid down in Buddhism - addressing preaching to all people, regardless of their ethnic and social origin. Shifting emphasis from the collective to the individual religious life. A person can break out of samsara only by individual effort, having realized and formulated his own, personal “righteous path”, and, having influenced fate, change the reward. 7 FOUNDATIONS OF BUDDHIST DOCTRINE FOUR “NOBLE TRUTHS” The essence of life is suffering The cause of suffering is desire and attachment To get rid of suffering, one must uproot desire and attachment To do this, it is necessary to lead a virtuous life according to the laws of correct behavior and moral knowledge EVERY PERSON TO START ON THE PATH OF SEARCHING FOR INTERNAL FREEDOM, COMPLETE RELEASE FROM ALL SCHEPS THAT HAVE HUMAN LIFE Liberation is found in nirvana Nirvana in Sanskrit means “fading”, “extinguishing” NIRVANA This is the internal state of a person in which all feelings and attachments fade and with it the whole world surrounding a person. The meaning of nirvana is that it puts a person on the other side of necessity, i.e. Nirvana - freedom Enlightenment and nirvana is achieved at the cost of one's own efforts by making the path along the "eightfold path" speech, i.e. determination, i.e. views based readiness for a feat benevolent, on the "noble sincere, in the name of truth. purposes." true. Correct Correct Correct image of attention, i.e. effort, i.e. life, i.e. active self-cultivation and peaceful, honest, vigilant self-control. clean. consciousness. HINYAYAMA The narrow path of salvation, which involves relatively rigid asceticism. This is the path of individual enlightenment and attainment of nirvana, which was followed by members of the sanghimonastic community. WAYS OF SALVATION Right behavior, ie. non-infliction of evil. Correct concentration, i.e. correct methods of contemplation and meditation. MAHAYANA A wide path of salvation, which implies the possibility of gaining nirvana by a layman who keeps the vows of spiritual perfection. Reduced to five commandments: refrain from: killing; theft; adultery; lies; stimulating drinks. 9 BHAVACHAKRA - "WHEEL OF LIFE" Bhavachakra consists of 12 nidanas (links): Ignorance (avidya) causes karmic impulses (sanskaras) They form consciousness (vijnana) Consciousness determines the nature of namarupa - the physical and mental appearance of a person Nama-rupa contributes to the formation of six senses ( ayatana) of seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, tasting and the perceiving mind Perception (sparsha) of the surrounding world gives rise to the feeling itself (vedana), and then desire (trishna), which in turn gives rise to attachment (upadana) to that which feels and what a person thinks Attachment leads to walking into existence (bhava), the consequence of which is birth (jati) And every birth inevitably entails old age and death Such is the cycle of existence in the world of samsara: every thought, every word and deed leaves its karmic trace, which leads a person to the next incarnation. The goal of a Buddhist is to live in such a way as to leave as few karmic traces as possible. This means that his behavior should not depend on desires and attachment to the objects of desires. 10 THE WHEEL OF LIFE 11 THE “OCTAL WAY” OF BUDDHISM 12 BUDDHIST MONASTERIES A Buddhist monastery is a complex complex with a temple, stupas (pyramids – places of burial of holy or sacred objects), buildings for monks, canteens, philosophical schools, with special halls for meditation, etc. . Each monk must observe 308 rules, which are read twice a month at a general meeting. To do this, all the monks gather in the Buddha Hall, and the novices - in the next one. Moreover, novices do not obey the 250 rules of bhikkhus and 58 bodhisattvas - they are led by only 10 initial ones. The monastic ordination rite is associated with the repetition of the three-pronged formula: “I resort to the Buddha, I resort to the Dharma, I resort to the Sangha.” The daily routine includes reading the sutras, meditation, work, breaks for food and rest. It is broken only during the beginning of studies: in winter or summer for three months. At this time, monks cannot leave the monastery, and even hermits must return to their native community. Sometimes such studies can go on for years: a monk builds a hut out of reeds and bamboo within the monastery. Without leaving it for a long time, the monk meditates and reads the sutras. He meditates in the lotus position, on the only piece of furniture - a bamboo bed. Food is provided by his novice. Both keep complete silence. 13 BUDDHISM HOLIDAYS Vesak Kathina, Sangha Day This is Gautama Buddha's birthday, as well as the moment of his enlightenment and death. The holiday falls on the full moon day of the second month of the Indian calendar. On this day, it is customary to decorate local temples and light lanterns at nightfall, which symbolizes the enlightenment that comes to this world. Kathina is celebrated on the day of the full moon in the month of the same name (October). The lay people present the monks they have cared for for the past three months with a special robe (kathina-civara). This robe is bestowed by the Sangha to an eminent bhikkh whose name is called during the celebration of Kathin. On this day, the laity can once again show their generosity and their gratitude for the teachings received from the Sangha in the form of gifts before they set off again. Asalha, the day of Dharma Having attained Enlightenment, the Buddha rushed to Benares to the five ascetics known to him so that they would learn about their Dharma and achieve Enlightenment. This happened in July (the lunar month of Asalha), on the day of the full moon. When celebrating Asalha, Buddhists appreciate that the Buddha enlightened people about the Dharma with the "Teaching on Setting the Wheel of Truth in Motion" - his first teaching. In addition, the very celebration of Asalha testifies to the emergence of the Sangha. On this day, the first five devotees began to be considered members of the Community by virtue of their being guided by the words of the Buddha. 14 HINAYANA AND MAHAYANA IN COMPARISON POINT OF DIFFERENCE HINAYANA (southern, orthodox) MAHAYANA (northern) Understanding the Personality of Buddha Man, one (Gautama) One of the incarnations of God – the One Essence >> there are many buddhas Path to Salvation Difficult, narrow, for the elect. Meditation in seclusion. Wide, for many. Connection with activities in the world (gradual learning, accumulation of merit) Walking on this path Monks living in isolated communities ... and lay people Help along this path No (independent internal efforts, concentration) Yes (special people - bodhisattvas - take on the bad karma of others) . A reserve of "religious merit" is being created. Entry into nirvana Absolute goal for each individual Can be postponed for the sake of saving others; then all living beings will enter simultaneously Attitude towards the world Quietism, contemplative sympathy Ideal of active service 15 LAMAISM Formed in the 7th century AD. It is a synthesis of the Mahayana, Tibetan Buddhism and pre-Buddhist archaic beliefs of the peoples. The dogma is a rather primitive cosmology, in which intricacies, hidden text, and magic are strongly expressed. It has a fairly extensive and branched pantheon of gods. The Dalai Lama is regarded as a living god. Widespread in Mongolia, Nepal, Russia (Buryats, Kalmyks, Tuvans). One of the leading forms of the lamaist rite is a prayer, which is pronounced in Tibetan. Belief in talismans is widespread in Lamaism. The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenjing Gyamtsho, is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people and Buddhist Lamaists in all countries. Buddhists believe that the Dalai Lamas are the earthly incarnations of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion; they are born here to serve the people. 16 BUDDHISM IN RUSSIA In 1741, by decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Buddhism was officially recognized in Russia. For the peoples of Buryatia, Tuva and Kalmykia, Buddhism, inextricably linked with their more ancient traditions, has become part of their national culture. In 1763, the first Pandita Khambo Lama Damba-Darzha Zayaev (1702–1777), elected at a meeting of shireete lamas (abbots) of datsans of Buryatia, was approved, who was the main spiritual figure, head of all datsans in Buryatia. D-D. Zayaev was educated at Gomandatsan in Tibet. Traditional Buddhism of the Gelug school is widespread in 10 regions of Russia: Buryatia, Tuva, Kalmykia, Yakutia, Khakassia, Ust-Orda and Aginsk national districts. The Buddhist Church is headed by the Central Spiritual Administration of Buddhists. The chairman of the board has the title "Bandido-Khambo-Lama". His residence is located in the Ivolginsky datsan, not far from Ulan-Ude. In total, more than 60 Buddhist communities are registered in Russia. Several centers for the study of various forms of world Buddhism have been opened in Russia. Japanese schools are popular - a secular version of Zen Buddhism, there is a monastery (in the suburbs) of the Buddhist Order of the Lotus Sutra, founded in 1992-93. and related to the Nichiren school. In St. Petersburg, the society of Chinese Buddhism Light of the Buddha is engaged in educational and publishing activities, since 1991 there has been a Tibetan temple dedicated to the deity Kalachakra. 17 Buddhists believe in Buddha (Enlightenment); Bodhisattva (only Mahayana) Samsara - rebirth (wheel of life); Karma - retribution; Dharma - the righteous path (the teachings of the Buddha); Four noble truths; Nirvana - salvation (two ways of salvation); Eightfold Path Buddhist Cult Prayer; Fast; Meditation; Rites; Reading sacred books; Holidays; missionary; Propaganda of the doctrine; offerings to the temple; Mass ceremonies; Traditional robes of monks Supreme essence Atheistic religion - the main goal is self-improvement; Mahayana - Buddha - a deified person; Lamaism - the Dalai Lama - a deified person Moral norms The Eightfold Path; Not causing harm to others; "Pancha-shila" five commandments (do not kill, do not steal, do not commit adultery, do not lie, do not use stimulating drinks); Prohibitions (apply to novices and monks) Church There is no single religious organization. Buddhist community Sangha Buddhism was founded in the VI century BC. in the northern part of India. Founder - Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Tipitaka Sacred Books (three baskets)

Buddhist holidays

Smirnova N. M . -

a history teacher

Makarievskaya

basic school

The monastery and contact with the sangha play an important role in the life of a Buddhist. Therefore, the most important Buddhist holidays are also held in the monastery. Presented dana (food and other offerings) sangha, dharma teachings are heard, the sayings of the Buddha are recited, and individual meditation and contemplation are practiced. These holidays are unity in calm joy.

There are three main holidays important for any Buddhist .

Vesak, Buddha Day Vesak Day, coinciding with the full moon in the lunar month of Visakha (May), is the most sacred day for all Buddhists, as it is a thrice blessed day, marked by the birth, Enlightenment and passing of the Buddha .

Buddha was an ordinary person, he was not a god, or the son of a supernatural being. What makes this date so significant? Before his birth, no one could achieve Enlightenment. With his birth, the possibility of the appearance of the Buddha arose in the world, that's what makes this fact outstanding. With the attainment of Enlightenment, a path has been prepared for us, a path that everyone can follow with the same liberating goal.

Asalha, Dharma Day

After attaining Enlightenment, the Buddha went to Benares to the five ascetics with whom he had previously practiced, with the goal of teaching them the Dharma so that they could also achieve Enlightenment. It was in the lunar month of Asalha (July), on the day of the full moon. As we celebrate Asalha, we are aware of the fact that the Buddha introduced the Dharma to the world through his first teaching: The Teaching of Setting the Wheel of Truth in Motion.

Also the celebration of Asalha indicates the founding of the Sangha.. On that day, the first five followers became members of the Fellowship simply by following the instructions of the Buddha.

The foundation of the Sangha meant the foundation of the Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha, trained followers, those who practiced the Teaching and found its fruits.

Also on the day of Asalkhi, the secluded period begins, waso. Vaso coincides with the beginning of the rainy season in Asia, and is the period during which the members of the sangha do not wander, but remain in one place, and this is more acceptable to the laity.

Abstinence from food is not something to be done from time to time, but it is an integral part of the practice. That's why the sangha charter includes daily fasting from food, starting from noon until sunrise (about six o'clock in the morning).

Washo is also a period of rest because, unlike other months of the year, no one travels during this period. The homeless followers traveled constantly, and if they stopped somewhere (in a cave or in a forest), it was for intense meditation.

Kathina, the day of the Sangha

Kathina is celebrated on the day of the full moon in the month of the same name (October) and ends the waso period.. On this occasion, the laity present the monks they have taken care of for the past three months with a special robe. (kathina-civara). This robe is bestowed by the sangha on an eminent bhikhu whose name is called during the celebration of Kathin. On this day, the laity can once again show their generosity and their gratitude for the teachings received from the Sangha in the form of gifts before they set off again. This dana is known to this day as kathina dana.

Karma and rebirth

Karma or volitional activity is an important concept in the teachings of the Buddha and it means the law of Cause and Effect. In this life we meet different people. One is born in an aristocratic environment, the other in a slum; one rascal, another noble; one lives long, the other short; someone is prone to disease, the other has enviable health; there are doomed losers, there are amazingly lucky ones.

This is not "God's providence", but the result of their own previous actions.. Everyone creates his own conditions. This is why the Law of Karma is not the law of punishment and reward, but solely the law of cause and effect, of action and reaction to that action.

The peculiarity of Buddhism and his f and losophical essence

Khvorostova A.V.

MAOU secondary school No. 1, Monino village

emergence Buddhism

BUDDHA (SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA)

Religious thinker, whose teachings became the basis of one of the three world religions - Buddhism

years of life 563 - 483 years. BC.

After disappointment in asceticism, insight descends on Siddhartha. He becomes buddha (enlightened). 4 noble truths are revealed to him.

Followers gather around the Buddha, who then begin to spread his teachings throughout India and neighboring countries.

Birthplace of Buddha

Buddha - "enlightened"

Under the bothi tree, Siddhartha has an insight on how to get rid of grief, fear, longing that darken a person's life.

Four noble truths

1. Life is suffering

Birth, love, illness, death - everything brings suffering to a person

2. The cause of suffering is human desires

Life already gives everything to a person, but he wants more, hence all the vices that bring SUFFERING appear: anger, envy, jealousy, fear

3. Man himself can find the way to salvation

Eliminate the cause by an effort of will - stop desiring

4. Path to salvation

Cultivate noble feelings in your soul or the "Eternal" way

The Eightfold Path

noble intention

(better secret - to feed,

learn, cure

correct

thought(think)

correct

speech

(don't raise your tone,

don't swear)

correct

action ,

those. non-infliction

Right Attitude

to nature

(you are part of nature,

save her -

save yourself)

Right Attitude

to children: love is demanding,

intelligent, thinking

do not indulge in evil desires,

cruelty

correct

an effort, i.e.

self-education and

self-control.

correct

concentration

Five commandments for the laity

1. Don't kill

2. Don't steal

3. Do not commit adultery

4. Don't lie

5. Don't drink intoxicating drinks

Pagoda

According to legend, the first eight stupas were erected to store the ashes of the Buddha.

MORTAR

Pagoda

monasteries

Datsan - Buddhist monastery

Commandments for monks

Dont kill

Don't steal

Don't commit adultery

Do not lie

Don't drink intoxicating drinks

Don't eat after noon

Don't dance, don't sing, don't attend shows

Don't wear jewelry

Don't use luxury seats

Don't take gold and silver

Prayer

Sangha - community

KARMA - fate, reward

Karma is created by your own good deeds. Everything returns to you: both evil and good. A good person after death turns into a lotus, an evil one into a snake.

tipitaki

Translated from Sanskrit (the language of the Gods) - three baskets.

The first basket - rules and disciplinary norms for monks

The second basket is the basket of mantras (parables and mantras or prayers)

The third basket is the Buddha's teaching on salvation

Buddhist food

Rice, sago, millet, millet, fruits, vegetables.

DO NOT eat meat, fish - a dead living being.

Differences from other religions

Unlike other religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam),

not in Buddhism

omnipotent Creator God or Personal God,

atonement for sins

unconditional faith, in particular the faith

into supernatural powers

absolute devotion,

a religious organization similar to a church

(the Buddhist sangha is a community

not an organization)

common and indisputable dogmas for all schools.

The Buddha did not consider himself God, "supernatural

being” or “intermediary between people and higher

forces", unlike the preachers of other religions,

and said only that he experienced some experience

"mystical insight into reality as it is."

Holidays of Buddhism

Wesak is the birthday of the Buddha. On this day, it is customary to bring joy to the unfortunate, to release birds and animals from cages.

Holidays of Buddhism

Asanha Pucha - celebrated in memory of the sermons of the Buddha and the attainment of the sacred sangha

Holidays of Buddhism

Songkran is a celebration of water as a pure element. The central ceremony is the release of fish into reservoirs for breeding.

Holidays of Buddhism

Loy Krathong

Holidays of Buddhism

Loy Krathong

Holidays of Buddhism

Ulanbana is a holiday-festival in nature. The dead are commemorated.

quiz

6th century BC

1. In what century did Buddhism originate?

in India

2. Where did Buddhism originate?

Tsarevich

3. Who was the Buddha before "Enlightenment"?

4. At what age did Gautama Buddha attain enlightenment?

At the age of 35

5. Is there Buddhism in Russia?

Yes. Buryatia, Tuva, Kalmykia

Law

6. What is dharma?

quiz

Community

7. What is a sangha?

"Enlightened"

8. How is "Buddha" translated?

Pagoda, stupa, datsan

9. What Buddhist temples do you know?

10. What is the name of the holy book of Buddhists?

Tipitaka

11. What does Karma mean?

fate, reward

Buddhism is the most peaceful religion.

Religion-philosophy.

You do not have to sacredly believe, think, check for yourself