Message on the topic of the population of the Kuban. The population of the Kuban

A unique region of our country. It is located at the junction of climatic zones, historical civilizations and national cultures. It is about the peoples and traditions of the region that will be discussed further.

Demographic background

About 5 million 300 thousand people live in the Krasnodar Territory. Almost all the peoples of Russia live here: Tatars, Chuvashs, Bashkirs, etc. Of these, 5 million 200 thousand people are citizens of the Russian Federation. They live as foreigners - 12.6 thousand. With dual citizenship - 2.9 thousand. Persons without any citizenship - 11.5 thousand people.

The number of inhabitants is constantly growing. This is facilitated by the influx of migrants. Housing in the region is in great demand. People move here for permanent residence. This is due to the mild climate of the region.

There are 26 cities, 13 large settlements and 1725 other small rural settlements in the region. The ratio of urban and approximately 52 to 48 percent. Almost 34% of the urban population lives in four large cities: Sochi and Armavir.

Alloy of different peoples

The peoples living in the Krasnodar Territory are about 150 nationalities. The main ethnic groups inhabiting the Kuban:

• Russians - 86.5%.
• Armenians - 5.4%.
• Ukrainians - 1.6%.
• Tatars - 0.5%.
• Others - 6%.

The main part of the population, as can be seen from the list, are Russians. Smaller ethnic groups live compactly in small areas. These are, for example, Greeks, Tatars, Armenians. In the Krasnodar Territory, they mainly live on the coast and adjacent territories.

Kuban Cossacks

The historical estate of the Cossacks today is preparing future conscripts for the army, military-patriotic education of youth, guarding important objects in the region, and maintaining public order. Without them, all the peoples of the Krasnodar Territory can no longer imagine life, because. their role is enormous in maintaining order in the region.

The uniqueness of the land of the Kuban

The traditions of the peoples of the Krasnodar Territory are very peculiar. Everyone who considers himself a Cossack must follow the long-term traditions and instructions of experienced people who are faithful to the cause of their ancestors. Of course, it is difficult to list all the cultural features of the Kuban. There are a lot of traditions and customs here. And all of them are distinguished by rationality and beauty. But we will try to tell you about the most interesting ones.

Construction and improvement of houses

For the Cossacks, the construction of a dwelling is one of the most important events in life. Almost the whole world helped each family to build a house.

This, as the Kuban Cossacks believed, binds the people into a single whole, which means it makes them stronger. Turluch houses were built according to this principle.

Before the start of construction, shreds of dog, sheep, chicken feathers, etc. were thrown along the perimeter of the territory of future housing. This was done in order to have living creatures in the house.

Then the pillars were dug into the ground, they were intertwined with a vine among themselves. When the frame was ready, they called all friends and neighbors so that they would be the first to make a "hut" at home.

The walls were plastered with clay mixed with straw. A cross was driven into the corner of the "front" to bless the house and its inhabitants. They smeared housing in 3 layers, the last of which was mixed with manure.

Such houses were considered the warmest and “kindest” not only in terms of the quality of the structure, but also due to the positive energy of the people who helped to build. After the construction was completed, the owners arranged gatherings with refreshments. It was a kind of gratitude for the help, instead of modern cash payment.

The interior decoration was almost the same for all residents of the Kuban. The house had two rooms. There was an oven in the small one. Wooden benches almost the entire length of the room and a huge table. This spoke of the large number of families and hospitality. There were chests, chest of drawers and other furniture in the large room. As a rule, it was made to order. The main place in the house was the red corner - a table or shelf lined with icons and decorated with towels and paper flowers. Candles, prayer books, Easter dishes, memorial books were kept here.

Towels are a traditional Kuban home decoration. A patch of fabric tied with lace, with a cross-stitch or satin stitch embroidery pattern.

The traditions of the peoples of the Krasnodar Territory go deep into antiquity. They honor their ancestors and try to instill culture and traditions in their children. A very popular part of the Kuban interior is photographs on the walls. It was considered. The photo depicted important events in the life of the family.

Cossack clothes

The men's wardrobe consisted of a military and casual suit. A military uniform is a dark Circassian coat, trousers of the same cloth, a cap, a beshmet, a hat, a winter cloak and boots.

Women's attire consisted mainly of a cotton or wool pleated skirt at the waist for pomp and a long-sleeve blouse with buttons trimmed with hand-lace. The value of clothing in the Cossacks was of great importance. It was believed that the more beautiful the clothes, the more clearly they indicate the status in society.

Kitchen

The peoples of the Krasnodar Territory are a multinational community, so the dishes of the Kuban cuisine are very diverse. The main diet of the Cossacks is fish, fruits, vegetables, and livestock products. The most popular dish is borsch, to which they added beans, lard, meat, and sauerkraut. Also favorite dishes were dumplings, dumplings.

Meat in the Kuban is eaten much more than in any other region of Russia. They also love bacon in the Kuban, which is eaten both salted and fried. In the past, food was traditionally cooked in ovens in cast-iron utensils.

Crafts of the Kuban

The peoples of the Krasnodar Territory were famous for their artisans. They worked with wood, clay, stone and metal. Each region had its famous potters, who provided dishes for the whole people. Every seventh man worked in the forge. This is the most ancient Cossack art. Kuznetsov was valued and praised. They knew how to make edged weapons, household utensils, shoe horses and much more.

Weaving was a women's craft. Girls from childhood were taught this needlework.

Weaving gave the people clothes, decorations for the home.

Fabrics were made from hemp and sheep wool. The loom, spinning wheels were indispensable items in every home. Women had to be able to work for them.

The peoples of the Krasnodar Territory: life

Families in the Kuban were large. This was explained by a huge shortage of workers. From the age of 18 to 38, every man was considered liable for military service. He did a 4-year military service and was required to attend all training camps, have a horse and full uniform.

Women took care of children and the elderly, did household chores. Each family had more than 5 children. In large ones, their number reached up to 15. Land was given out for each child born, which made it possible to have a good household and feed the whole family. Children were introduced to work very early. At 5-7 years old, they already helped in all matters that were within their power.

Language

They mostly speak a mixture of Russian and Ukrainian. In oral speech, there are many words borrowed from the highlanders. The speech is unique and interesting. In communication, many proverbs and sayings are used.

Names of the peoples of the Krasnodar Territory

This part of Russia is so multinational that it can easily be called the land of the united nations. Whom you will not meet here! Due to the ethnic diversity, the culture of this region is multifaceted and interesting.

Both the traditional peoples of Russia (Tatars, Mordovians, Maris, Chuvashs, Ossetians, Circassians, Lezgins, Kumyks, Adyghes, Avars, Dargins, Udmurts) live in the Krasnodar Territory, as well as representatives of the nations of other states. These are Armenians, Ukrainians, Georgians, Belarusians, Kazakhs, Greeks, Germans, Poles, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Lithuanians, Finns, Romanians, Koreans, Tajiks, Turkmens, Estonians.

The Krasnodar Territory is a unique land, from whichever side you look at it. And the same people live in a special territory. The mild climate, the richness of nature, the gentle sea have attracted people here since ancient times. The study of the life of the Kuban requires an integrated approach: one must take into account the cultural diversity, a large number of people, the closeness of settlement and a mixture of representatives of different nationalities.

The population of the Krasnodar Territory leads in terms of the number of inhabitants per square kilometer, only the Moscow Region is ahead. Its distinctive feature is the large number of people and a whole bunch of nationalities.

Quantitative indicators

In 2010, according to the census, the number of people living here reached 5,226,000. While the country has experienced a serious drop in numbers since the 90s, the population of the Krasnodar Territory has increased by 2% when compared with 2002 data. At the same time, the density is almost 70 people per square kilometer. In addition to the natural replenishment of the number of inhabitants, the natural decline overlaps, according to statistical sources, as well. And although the negative coefficient of natural increase is 1.33%, this does not affect the total number of inhabitants.

In comparison with the last years of the existence of the Soviet Union, the population of the Krasnodar Territory has grown by 10%. Experts say that this was mainly due to the influx of so-called economic migrants from Ukraine, Belarus and other countries. One way or another, but this is a phenomenon for the post-Soviet space.

Age and gender indicators

With regard to the gender of the inhabitants, as elsewhere in the Russian Federation, the population of the Krasnodar Territory for the most part consists of women. There are 379.9 thousand of them more than the representatives of the stronger sex. In the same 2002, this difference was 358,600. This means that in 2010 there were 1,157 women per man. Experts explain the deterioration of this value by the high mortality rate among men of working age. Such indicators are provided by the Employment Service of the Krasnodar Territory, social studies and census data. The beginning of such a gap begins at the age of 25.

We can say that the population of the Krasnodar Territory has become older by 1.1 years. The average age of residents is 39.6 years. This phenomenon is called demographic aging. One of the reasons is the decrease in the number of children and adolescents. They have decreased by almost 20%. As for the consequences, such processes lead to a relative increase in the number of people whose age is considered to be above working age. Thus, the population of the Krasnodar Territory, which is beyond this limit, has grown by 80,000 people, which is 6.9% more than in 2002.

Distribution between cities and villages

The level of urbanization in this area is significantly lower than the average for the Russian Federation. It is considered low even in terms of global trends towards an increase in the number of city dwellers in relation to 56 percent of the population in villages, villages, and so on, while cities account for a slightly smaller part of the population.

As of 2010, there were 1,900 private households in the Krasnodar Territory, in which about 5 million people lived, which is 99% of all residents. The average family consists of 2.9 people. As for the urban area, the number of the population of the Krasnodar Territory living in households has decreased and consolidated at the level of 2.7 people. There are 50,000 people in collective households. For the most part, these are people living in boarding schools, orphanages, MLS barracks, monasteries, and so on.

Settlements

As already mentioned, the level of urbanization is low, therefore, in 26 cities located on the territory of the administrative unit, the population of the Krasnodar Territory reaches 2.5 million. 147 thousand people live in 12 urban-type settlements. 1725 villages account for 2.5 million. Urban residents, compared with the same 2002, has become less: 52.9% against 53.5% in 2010.

The number of rural-type settlements increased by 6 units, however, for 8 years between censuses, both the appearance of new and the disappearance of old settlements took place. Some settlements were also renamed - urban-type settlements became villages (8 such units).

As for the districts, the population in 23 of them has significantly decreased. Novopokrovsky, Beloglinsky, Leningradsky and Krylovsky districts are in the lead in this disappointing table.

At the same time, 34% of the urban population lives in the largest cities of the region - Armavir, Novorossiysk.

Nationalities

In the west and north of the region, many Russians are of Ukrainian origin. There are many Armenians in the south, especially in Sochi, Armavir, Anapa, Tuapse. However, most of the population is Russian.

As for the Germans, Greeks, Turks, their numbers fell after the 30s as a result of forced migrations and repressions.

The population of the districts of the Krasnodar Territory practically does not change due to the influx of economic migrants, since they come to a greater extent in the region. The number of residents increased by 1 million due to guest workers. Recently, not only visiting workers raise the statistics of the region - many residents of other regions acquire housing closer to the south.

How they talk

Official language is Russian. However, on the streets of both large cities and villages, you can hear unfamiliar speech. The reason is the different nationalities of the region. Even though they have lived in this area for a long time, the inhabitants do not completely adopt Russian speech, but bring their own sound. Western settlements are full of Ukrainianisms, many words in the south are borrowed from German, Adyghe, languages ​​of other nationalities. Although this applies only to spoken language. All business documents are kept in Russian.

Availability of jobs

The regulation of this issue is handled by the Employment Service of the Krasnodar Territory.

According to polls, at least 2.4 million people consider work as a source of livelihood. Pensioners (excluding disability payments) make up less than a third - 1,300,000. Personal households feed 0.4 million. Even despite the fact that in terms of unemployment this area occupies the 23rd position among all regions of the Russian Federation, it does not go beyond the average - 6% against 6.6% in the country.

The employment of the population of the Krasnodar Territory in the region's economy exceeds any other activities and amounts to 2.13 million, which is 91% of the total number of employees. Of these, 133 thousand are private entrepreneurs.

Employment Service

About forty Centers are located on this territory. They are managed by the Territory Employment Service. The largest are located in Krasnodar, Sochi, Anapa, Tuapse, Novorossiysk and others.

In order to find a job, a resident of this area must provide the following papers to the Department of Employment of the Krasnodar Territory:

passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or a replacement document;

disabled person;

work book (if any);

income statement for the last 3 months;

termination documents.

Social protection of the population of the Krasnodar Territory is carried out by the Ministry of Social Policy of the Krasnodar Territory. Areas of work include:

support for the disabled;

assistance to families with children;

social benefits for veterans;

payments to victims of radiation;

issuance of a funeral allowance;

targeted financial assistance and others.

It is worth noting the initiative of employees. They strive to find a decent job for everyone who asks for help and offer quite interesting options. If at the moment there are no suitable vacancies, the unemployed is sent to retraining courses, where he can master a profession in demand.

The structure of the population is usually understood as the distribution of individuals according to one or another typological groups identified on various grounds.

In my work, I will be most interested in structures that are closely related to the reproduction of the population, and in this regard, I have considered the sex, age, marriage and ethnic structure of the population of the Krasnodar Territory.

First of all, we will consider the age and sex structure of the population (distribution of men into men and women) of the Krasnodar Territory, based on the data on the population of the EMISS official website.

For a more convenient analysis of the data, we present them in the form of a table that displays the percentage of men and women in the total population. It can be seen from the data in the table that the male population predominates between the ages of 0 and 24, and during the period from 2006 to 2011. there was a steady increase in this indicator. The population between the ages of 25 and 34 in the male/female ratio is about the same, and this trend is also stable throughout the period from 2006 to 2011. But starting from the age of 30, the predominance of the female population begins, which can be traced across all age groups and throughout the entire period under consideration. It should be noted that among the elderly (starting from the age of 60) the gap between the male and female population becomes extremely significant. For example, in 2011, the percentage of women / men is: at the age of 60-64 years - 57.38% versus 42.62%, at the age of 65-69 years - 61.8% versus 38.2%, at the age of 70-74 years - 64.7% vs. 35.3%, aged 75-79 - 66.4% vs. 33.6%, aged 80-84 - 71.3% vs. 28.7%, aged 85-89 - 78.3% vs. 21.7%, aged 90-94 years - 79.1% against 20.9%, at the age of 95-99 years - 82.5% against 17.5%, at the age of 100 years and older - 78.6% against 21.4%.

The age-sex pyramid clearly shows that in the short term, changes in the age composition of the population will be unfavorable. The rate of decline in the population of working ages will increase, and the process of demographic aging of the population will intensify. The reduction in the number of women aged 20-29 years (the most active reproductive age), expected from 2012, will lead to a decrease in the number of births.

The sex ratio is associated with high premature mortality of men and negatively affects the reproduction rates of the population.

According to the forecast estimates of Rosstat (for 2010), the change in the population size by certain age groups will continue to be influenced by past and future trends in fertility and mortality

The region ranks 41st in terms of the proportion of the population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the total population of Russia and 9th in terms of population density (the region - 69.3, the Russian Federation - 8.4 people per 1 sq. km).

The age composition of the region's population is characterized by a significant gender disproportion. The ratio of the number of men and women is: 46.4% and 53.6%, respectively, there are 1157 women per 1000 men.

The average age of the inhabitants of the region is now 39.6 years (in 2007 - 39.1 years), men - respectively 37.1 years (36.6), women - 41.7 years (41.3). The age level of the inhabitants of the region is higher than in the Russian Federation (39 years) and in the Southern Federal District (39.5 years).

The number of children and adolescents under 16 years of age (younger than working age) is 389.8 thousand people, less than those older than working age or 31.3% (in 2010 - 367.6 thousand people).

The population of working age compared to the beginning of 2006 increased by 10.1 thousand people (by 0.3%) and amounted to by the end of 2011. 3 million 124.4 thousand people.

A feature of the demographic development of the Krasnodar Territory is a higher than the average for Russia, the demographic burden on the able-bodied population (by 5.0%) due to the higher proportion of the population older than the working age. At the beginning of 2011 in the region, the total burden on the working-age population increased by 2.9% and amounted to 673 people per 1000 people of working age (654 in 2010), of which 274 people are children 0-15 years old and 399 are elderly people. age (men - 60 years and older, women - 55 years and older).

Table 3 - Ethnic composition of the population

Based on the data in Table 3, it can be seen that the main composition of the population is represented by the Russian population and makes up 86.56% of the total population (according to the 2010 census). The share of the Russian population of the entire Russian Federation is 79.83%. Among other nationalities, the most significant are Armenians (5.36%) and Ukrainians (2.57%).

The next important sign of structuring is the number of marriages and divorces.

Table 4 - Marriage structure of the population of the Krasnodar Territory

The table clearly shows that the number of marriages is much higher than the number of divorces, and, accordingly, the number of marriages per 1000 population dominates the number of divorces per 1000 population. For example, the number of divorces per 1000 population during the entire period 2006-2012 remains on average within 4.6 ppm. According to Rosstat for the Russian Federation, this indicator is 522 divorces per 1,000 marriages on average.

At the same time, the positive fact is that the number of marriages per 1000 population for the period 2006-2012. increased significantly from 8 to 8.6 ppm, and in 2011. amounted to 9.6 ppm, which is the maximum value for the period under review.

The Krasnodar Territory ranks third in terms of population among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation after Moscow and the Moscow Region.
The population of the Krasnodar Territory as of January 1, 2011 (according to the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Krasnodar Territory) amounted to 5 million 225 thousand people.

In the Krasnodar Territory there are 26 cities, 12 urban-type settlements (urban-type settlements), 411 rural, settlement, stanitsa districts, a total of 1725 rural settlements, 11 of them are abandoned.

53% of the population of the region live in cities, 47% - in rural areas. The annual migration growth of the population is from 7 to 9 thousand people (as of 01.01.2012 - 7.5 thousand). The natural increase in 2012, compared to 2011, slightly increased and amounted to -1.9 (in 2011 - -2.7), but still remains low. However, socio-economic conditions in recent years have led to an increase in population growth.

Many cities in the steppe and foothill zones of the region are sprawling villages that received the status of a city in the middle of the 20th century. Such cities retain the structure of a large village, multi-storey buildings occupy only a small part of their development. Only the center of such a city has an urban appearance, industrial enterprises mainly process agricultural products.
The capital of the Krasnodar Territory, Krasnodar, is one of the leading cities in Russia in various areas of development. Thus, at the end of 2011, an authoritative business publication, RBC magazine, ranked Russian cities in terms of living standards. In this rating, many cities of our vast Motherland can easily envy Krasnodar. Retail trade turnover in the capital of Kuban increased by 20%, while unemployment decreased by 18%. And in terms of the number of personal cars, Krasnodar will give odds to all Russian cities - in the first half of 2011, an increase in the corresponding car fleet was recorded within 50-60%. So, the best cities in Russia in terms of attractiveness for business lined up like this: Krasnodar holds the palm in the ratings of 2009 and 2010.
Next come Yekaterinburg, Ufa, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk. In the category "where is it good to live in Russia?" (which took into account the price indicators for goods and services in various areas and housing and communal services, their quality, the level of availability of leisure and entertainment, etc.) Krasnodar has also been confidently holding the first place for several years. Next are Perm, Kazan, Surgut, Chelyabinsk and Sochi. And only in one category I am glad that the city has not yet taken first place. This is the category "the most expensive cities in Russia in terms of prices for everyday goods and services." Here Krasnodar is located so far in 10th place (in 2009 - 30th). And the rating of the most expensive cities is as follows: Khabarovsk, Surgut, Sochi, Murmansk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Moscow and St. Petersburg did not participate in the ratings.
Krasnodar holds the lead in Russia in terms of housing construction, is one of the top three in terms of the number of cars per capita, and also ranks first in Russia in terms of the number of super- and hypermarkets per capita.
The population in Krasnodar is 830 thousand people (2010), although with the settlements adjacent to the city the total number will be 1 million 200 thousand people.