“The theme of love in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutcheva

Love... This word sensually freezes on the tongue. He exudes sweetness and bliss. It inspires, inspires and seems to resurrect all the best that is in the human soul. It is believed that Geniuses are especially sensitive to everything that happens around them. Their perception of the world is a thousand times more acute than that of the average person. Poets, like the stars from the galaxy of Geniuses, need feelings and emotions as much as possible, which will later pour out onto paper in the form of lines written by a hand trembling with excitement, with jumping letters, with ink blots on the sheets of paper...

Love is that amazingly pure, beautiful feeling without which a person cannot live - he only exists. That is why there is, perhaps, not a single poet (even among strict classicists) whose lyrics would lack the theme of love. Of course, each poet has his own: for Lermontov, for example, it is undivided, painful, cruel, but for Nekrasov it is complex and diverse.

Love lyrics are absolutely always connected with moments in the poet’s biography. His personal experiences and emotions are expressed in poems.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, as he was called, “the singer of nature,” was no stranger to falling in love. This man, apparently, like A.S. Pushkin needed love. However, if it was important for the “sun of Russian poetry” to feel love in his heart, then Tyutchev found delight only in the reciprocal feelings of a sweetheart. There were four women in his life with whom he was madly in love. He tied the knot with two of them. Love for Tyutchev turned into a tragedy for three of them, but their sacrifice was not in vain - thanks to this, works of amazing beauty and subtlety were created, which were read by the poet’s contemporaries and which descendants continue to admire.

In Munich, Fyodor Ivanovich meets the beautiful Amalia von Lerchenfeld. Young Tyutchev falls passionately in love with the girl and even invites her to become his wife, but her relatives refuse the diplomat and marry Amalia to someone else. Fiery passion passes through both. The poet dedicates poems to Amalia, the most famous of which is “I remember the golden time...”. Former lovers will forever maintain friendly relations. Unfortunately, this will be the only woman in Tyutchev’s life who did not suffer from his love. Already an old man, he meets Amalia again in Carlsbad. Memories of wonderful feelings come to life in his soul, and he creates the immortal “I met you - and all the past...”. This is a poem of amazing power and beauty, in which a note slips about the transience of life, about the sweetness and purity of love. The lyrical heroine appears in the poem as an unearthly creature - perhaps like Anna Kern, who once resurrected the soul of a poet who was in exile in Mikhailovskoye.

In the future, Tyutchev's lyrics will increasingly acquire a minor key. He will dedicate not so many works to his first wife, Eleanor Peterson - and all of them will be written only after tragic death a wife who was unable to cope with the nervous shock she received while rescuing children during a shipwreck. On the tenth anniversary of her death he will write:

I still languish with the longing of desires,
I still strive for you with my soul -
And in the twilight of memories
I still catch your image...

Eleanor Tyutcheva was forced to die from love - yes, that’s right. She could hardly bear the betrayal of the man whom she loved with all her heart, and whose three daughters she became the mother of. The betrayals ruined her health, and the ongoing affair on the side finally finished off the weak woman in love. It is difficult to say whether Tyutchev was in love with his wife. However, he respected the strength of her spirit, her inexpressible dignity, her pride. He will write to his family: “I want you, who love me, to know that no one has ever loved another the way she loved me... There was not a single day in her life when, for the sake of my well-being, she would not agree, not without hesitating for a moment, to die for me” (according to V. Kozhinov). These words will turn out to be a terrible prophecy: the poet’s first wife will try to take her own life by hitting herself with a dagger, so as not to suffer herself and, most importantly, to allow her husband to be happy with another woman.

Tyutchev's second wife, Ernestina, will repeat the fate of Eleanor Tyutcheva. Having married a poet who passionately loved her, for the first years she will bask in his love, but after that young Elena Denisyeva will appear in their life, to whom, however, Tyutchev will never give the joys of marriage.

Many poems are dedicated to Ernestine. The poet was admired by the beauty of his wife. He wrote:

I love your eyes, my friend,
With their fiery-wonderful play,
When you suddenly lift them up
And, like lightning from heaven,
Take a quick look around the whole circle...

However the sweetness married life his lyrics will soon give way to guilt. During the period of terrible spiritual tossing between two beloved women, Elena Denisyeva and his legal wife Ernestina, poems will be created in which love, according to Tyutchev, becomes a terrible vice, a sinful passion. Fyodor Ivanovich realizes the pain he causes both to himself and to his loved ones, so divided love is a curse for him. He also feels immense guilt towards Ernestine and is in awe of her humility and patience. After his death, in the herbarium she will find a poem written for her, which will contain the following lines:

Before your love
It hurts me to remember myself -
I stand, silent, in awe
And I bow to you...

The most famous were the so-called “Denisevsky cycle” of poems dedicated to the lover of the elderly poet, a kind of poetic chronicle of their relationship - and Tyutchev’s encrypted personal diary. In this cycle, the author's dual attitude towards love is acutely manifested: on the one hand, there is the sweetness of a relationship with his beloved, but on the other, immense suffering, awareness of the wrongness of what is happening - and the painful impossibility of abandoning these feelings. The poet has a hard time experiencing the sacrifice that Denisyeva makes: her father turns away from her, she has to forget about her career as a maid of honor, and many secular houses demonstratively close their doors to her. But despite the persecution, horrifying in its cruelty, the beautiful Elena refuses all the blessings of life for the sake of love for the poet, for whose happiness she is so easily ready to sacrifice own life. Suffering, Fyodor Ivanovich will dedicate the following lines to Deniseva:

Fate's terrible sentence
Your love was for her
And undeserved shame
She laid down her life!

In addition, he acutely senses the end of his life. He is both frightened and pleased by the fact that the heart that has become obsolete, as it might seem, will end life path resurrects again, can feel. The work “Last Love” is dedicated to this topic.

Elena Denisyeva in the works of F.I. Tyutcheva is always presented in deified images: she is either a martyr, bearing an undeserved cross with dignity, or an angel, a cherub, saving the lyrical hero of his poems with her purity and innocence. Thanks to this attitude towards his beloved, such incredible spirituality and lightness of Tyutchev’s love lyrics are created.

Fyodor Ivanovich's love is in a minor mood. Love is a destructive, but attractive element in which it is impossible not to die. She is struggle, hopelessness and torment. Love lyrics the poet’s story is incredibly tragic - and it has no analogues either in Russian or even in world literature. Despite the fact that Tyutchev never finds a way out of the tragedy, his heart remains open to feelings, to inner burning. And he will carry the memory of his beloved throughout his entire life.

The theme of love in the lyrics of F. I. Tyutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was a contradictory person. He always felt very painfully his own duality, a soul split in half. This personality trait manifested itself especially clearly in love lyrics.

The novel between Tyutchev and Elena Denisyeva became the basis for many of the poet’s poems. They contain a confession of love. Later, critics separated these works into a separate cycle, which they called “Denisievsky”.

Love appears to us here in its tragic essence. This is “suicide”, “bliss and hopelessness”, “fatal duel”. As love develops, the happiness of peace disappears and suffering begins:

Don’t say: he loves me as before,

As before, he values ​​me...

Oh no! He is inhumanly ruining my life,

At least I see the knife in his hand is shaking.

Relationships between lovers are complex, feelings are extremely contradictory. They cannot live without each other, but it is very difficult for them to be together. Shocked by this contradiction, the hero exclaims:

Oh, how murderously we love,

As in the violent blindness of passions

We are most likely to destroy,

What is dear to our hearts!

The whole problem with man is that he cannot resist passion. Love is an element similar to sea or fire. It can neither be prevented nor stopped. Therefore, Tyutchev sometimes portrays passion as a real disaster:

He measures the air for me so carefully and sparingly...

They don’t measure this against a fierce enemy...

Oh, I’m still breathing painfully and difficultly,

I can breathe, but I can’t live.

Such passion is death for a person. But the most terrible thing, as the poet writes, is to see the torment of a beloved woman, which is always stronger than her own. Tyutchev notes with pain:

How long ago, proud of my victory,

You said: she is mine...

A year has not passed - ask and find out,

What was left of her?

The poet condemns himself. He is to blame for a lot of things. For fourteen years Tyutchev led a double life, leaving neither his wife nor his girlfriend. Secular society cruelly interfered in their relationship with Denisyeva, insulting and defaming the poor woman in every possible way. The poet's beloved suffered greatly. Here's how he writes about it:

Fate's terrible sentence

Your love was for her

And undeserved shame

She laid down her life!

Of course, it was not only suffering that passion brought to lovers. There were moments of true happiness and bliss in their lives. This is what the poet says about his feelings in the poem “Last Love”:

Oh, how in our declining years

We love more tenderly and more superstitiously...

Shine, shine, farewell light

Last love, dawn of evening!

However, there were much more dramatic moments in the relationship between Tyutchev and Deniseva. Here, for example, is this episode:

She was sitting on the floor

And I sorted through a pile of letters -

And, like cooled ash,

She took them in her hands and threw them...

Likens the ashes of burnt-out passion Love letters poet. The lyrical heroine of the poem is in a strange state. It probably seems to her that everything that happened in the past did not happen to her:

I took familiar sheets

And she looked at them so wonderfully -

How souls look from above

The body thrown on them...

The hero is sad to see her like this. But he is unable to change the situation, so he is forced to watch his beloved, expressing only spiritual sympathy and noting to himself:

Oh, how much life there was here,

Irreversibly experienced!

Oh, how many sad moments

Love and joy killed!..

The split epithet in this stanza asserts the inevitability of a breakup between lovers, but it was not the loss of feeling that separated them, but the death of Elena Denisyeva from consumption. Remembering her last hours, Tyutchev creates one of the most mournful poems in the cycle:

All day she lay in oblivion,

And all of it was already covered with shadows.

The warm summer rain was pouring - its streams

The leaves sounded cheerful.

The life of nature continues, it is so beautiful, but the poet’s beloved inevitably fades away. We feel incredibly sorry for her, but we sympathize more with the lyrical hero, who has yet to survive the death of his beloved:

And so, as if talking to myself,

She spoke consciously

(I was with her, killed but alive):

“Oh, how I loved all this!”

The final line is the culmination of the poem. This last confession in love for the world and for a loved one. "Oh my God! – the hero exclaims, “and survive this... And my heart didn’t break into pieces”...

Tyutchev's love lyrics are stunning with their psychological depth and expressiveness of a female image endowed with individual traits.

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru

What is love like in the poetry of F.I. Tyutchev?

Love in Tyutchev's lyrics is an all-consuming, strong feeling, often bringing death to the heroes. The poet never depicts this feeling as light, serene; his characters do not have a feeling of happiness, joy, fullness of life. On the contrary, Tyutchev’s love is a struggle, a “fatal duel.” This feeling is paradoxical, love absorbs the spiritual strength of the heroes, takes their lives. It demands sacrifice from them - renunciation, suffering, mental fortitude.

Oh, how murderously we love,

As in the violent blindness of passions We most certainly destroy,

What is dear to our hearts.

(“Oh, how murderously we love...”)

Love is surrounded by human judgment, so it is tragic and painful for the heroes:

What did you pray with love,

That she took care of it like a shrine, -

Fate betrayed people's idleness for reproach,

The crowd has entered, the crowd has broken into the sanctuary of your soul,

And you involuntarily felt ashamed of both the secrets and sacrifices available to her...

(“What did you pray with love…”)

The poet has no harmony in the relationships of the heroes. Love theme Tyutchev is inextricably linked with the motif of fate and fate. Passion often becomes fatal:

Love, love - says the legend -

Union of the soul with the dear soul -

Their union, combination,

And their fatal merger,

And... the fatal duel...

("Predestination")

In this fusion and confrontation, the heroine’s feeling turns out to be purer, more integral and natural than the hero’s love. He realizes the absolute superiority of his beloved. Tyutchev’s woman finds the strength in herself both for an unequal duel with society and for the fight for her love, demonstrating mental fortitude and inner strength.

The poet’s love is not eternal, but transitory, like life itself: “Love is a dream, and a dream is one moment.” Therefore, a person must accept his fate:

There is a high meaning in separation:

No matter how much you love, even one day, even a century,

Love is a dream, and a dream is one moment,

And whether it’s early or late to wake up,

And man must finally wake up...

(“There is great meaning in separation”)

Significant in Tyutchev’s lyrics is the motif of passing love, left in the past (“I remember the golden time,” “I met you - and all the past...”, “She was sitting on the floor...”), the motive of the last love (“Last Love”).

The poet dedicated a large cycle of poems to his beloved, whose affair lasted about 15 years. In the 47th year of his life, Tyutchev, being in his second marriage and having four daughters and two sons, fell in love with Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, who was much younger than him. They had three children. This connection was condemned by society, and Tyutchev experienced a deep sense of guilt, bitterness, and shame. And the poet expressed these feelings in his poems. In the “Denisyev cycle,” love appears as torment, “the struggle of two unequal hearts,” a woman’s struggle with the light, with her own destiny. And here for the first time in Russian poetry the main role V love relationships given to a woman, the strength of her spirit and character is captured.

The masterpieces of the “Denisiev cycle” are the poems “Oh, how murderously we love...”, “She was sitting on the floor...”, “All day she lay in oblivion...”, “There is also in my suffering stagnation...”, “Today, friend “Fifteen years have passed.”

In terms of passion and confusion of her feelings, Elena Denisyeva resembled the heroines of the novels by F.M. Dostoevsky. She suffered because Tyutchev could not break with his legal family, and that her position in society was ambiguous. Denisyeva died of consumption, a fatal passion destroyed her.

Composition

F. I. Tyutchev entered the history of Russian poetry, first of all, as an author philosophical lyrics, but he also wrote a number of wonderful works on the theme of love. The poet's love and philosophical poems are connected by the commonality of the lyrical hero, by cross-cutting motives; they are related by the intense drama of sound.
If in his philosophical poems the poet appears as a thinker, then in love lyrics he reveals himself as a psychologist and a sharp lyricist. Many of his poems about love have an autobiographical imprint.
Tyutchev was an enthusiastic, passionate person. Tyutchev's first serious passion was Amalia Lerchenfeld, whom he met in Munich in 1825. The poems “I Remember the Golden Time...” (1836) and “I Met You - and All the Past...” (1870) are dedicated to her. “Beautiful Amalia” married Tyutchev’s colleague, and a year later the poet fell passionately in love with Eleanor Peterson and entered into a marriage with her, which lasted until 1838, when she died. According to the testimony of those who knew the poet, he turned gray in a few hours after spending the night at his wife’s coffin. However, a year later Tyutchev married the beautiful Ernestina Derpberg.
Until the early 1850s, Tyutchev portrayed love mainly as a passion: “I love your eyes, my friend...” (1836); “With what bliss, with what longing in love...” (1837); “I am still tormented by the anguish of desires...” (1848). The poet not only conveys the shades of his own experiences, but also describes emotional condition beloved:
Suddenly, from an excess of feelings, from the fullness of the heart,
All trembling, all in tears, you fell
prostrate...
Tyutchev could be merciless and sober in his assessment of women:
You love, you know how to pretend, -
When, in a crowd, stealthily from people,
My foot touches yours -
You give me the answer and don’t blush!
If sincere, selfless female love illuminates life “like a star in the sky,” then false and feigned love is destructive:
And there is no feeling in your eyes,
And there is no truth in your speeches,
And there is no soul in you.
Take courage, heart, to the end:
And there is no Creator in creation!
And there is no point in praying!
In the elegy “I sit, thoughtful and alone...” (1836), the poet laments the impossibility of reviving a faded feeling; turning to the image of his girlfriend with words of regret, guilt, sympathy, HE resorts to the romantic metaphor of a plucked flower:
...But you, my poor, pale color,
There is no rebirth for you,
You won't bloom!
The motifs of the transience of happiness, the perniciousness of love, and guilt before the woman one loves are especially characteristic of the poems from the so-called “Denisevsky cycle” (“In separation there is a high meaning...”, 1851; “Don’t say: he loves me, as before...” .”, 1851 or 1852; “She was sitting on the floor...”, 1858; “All day she lay in oblivion...”, 1864, and others).
Tyutchev became interested in E. A. Denisieva in 1850. This late, last passion continued until 1864, when the poet’s girlfriend died of consumption. For the sake of the woman he loves, Tyutchev almost breaks with his family, neglects the displeasure of the court, and forever ruins his very successful career. However, the brunt of public condemnation fell on Denisyeva: her father disowned her, and her network was forced to leave her place as inspector of the Smolny Institute, where Tyutchev’s two daughters studied.
These circumstances explain why most of the poems of the “Denisevsky cycle” are marked by a tragic sound, such as this:
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
How long ago, proud of my victory,
You said: she is mine...
A year has not passed - ask and find out,
What was left of her?
In the poem “Predestination” (1851), love is conceptualized as a “fatal duel” in unequal struggle“two hearts”, and in “Twins” (1852) - as a disastrous temptation, akin to the temptation of death:
And who is in excess of sensations,
When the blood boils and freezes,
I didn’t know your temptations -
Suicide and Love!
Until the end of his days, Tyutchev retained the ability to revere the “unsolved mystery” of female charm - in one of his later love poems he writes:
Is there an earthly charm in her,
Or unearthly grace?
My soul would like to pray to her,
And my heart is eager to adore...
Tyutchev's love poetry, represented by a relatively small number of works (the poet's creative legacy is generally small in volume), is a unique phenomenon in Russian literature. In terms of the depth of psychologism, many of his poems are comparable to the novels of F. M. Dostoevsky - by the way, who highly valued the poet’s work.

Tyutchev tried to instill his selfless faith in the Motherland in his children. I remember a small, but containing so much meaning, excerpt from the poet’s letter to his daughter, in which he writes that in Russia she will find more love than anywhere else, she will feel all the good things about her people and will be happy that she was born Russian.

The theme of love in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev occupies a significant place. The poet was happy in love, could not live without love, loved with early youth until old age. For him it was a golden time - a time of continuous love with life, with the brilliant society of young, beautiful women.

Being ugly in appearance, vertically challenged, bald, thin, he was very popular among the ladies of high society in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Paris, and Munich. What was the secret of Tyutchev’s charm? I think he captivated women with his intellect and extraordinary romantic nature. There is an inexpressible sense of mystery in his favorite poems:

I love your eyes, my friend,

With their fiery-wonderful play,

When you suddenly lift them

And, like lightning from heaven,

Take a quick look around the whole circle...

In most of his works, the poet carefully hides his addressee, and only by barely noticeable signs can one guess to whom it is addressed:

She was sitting on the floor

And I sorted through a pile of letters,

And, like cooled ash,

She picked them up and threw them away.

These lines are dedicated to Tyutchev’s second wife, Ernestina Fedorovna. While observing her husband's affair, she maintained her composure, dignity, and love for him. In his declining years, the poet will appreciate this and understand what left his life with the death of his wife:

You are loved, and to love the way you do -

No, no one has ever succeeded!

Oh, Lord!.. And to survive this...

And my heart didn’t break into pieces...

Tyutchev’s “blissfully fatal” romance with E.L. lasted 15 years. Denisieva, during which the author created the famous Denisieva cycle, a masterpiece of Russian love poetry. It included such poems as “Predestination”, “Oh, do not disturb me with a fair reproach!..”, “There is a high meaning in separation...”, “Last love”.

Oh, how murderously we love

We are most likely to destroy,

What is dear to our hearts! -

Tyutchev wrote.

Indeed, he himself became the reason for society’s rejection of his beloved: their relationship was considered vicious. Experiencing a suffocating feeling of shame, the poet writes his appeal to Deniseva:

What did you pray with love,

What she took care of like a shrine,

Fate for human idleness

She betrayed me to reproach.

The crowd came in, the crowd broke in

In the sanctuary of your soul,

And you involuntarily felt ashamed

And the secrets and sacrifices available to her...

Another side of the poet’s love lyrics is interesting. I observed this feature only in Pushkin in “Eugene Onegin”: trying to penetrate into the innermost corners of the heart, a male poet takes on the role of a woman, he writes on behalf of a woman in love. Tyutchev tried to understand and express Deniseva’s feelings:

Don’t say: he loves me as before,

As before, he values ​​me...

Oh no! He is inhumanly ruining my life,

At least I see the knife in his hand is shaking.

He measures the air for me so carefully and sparingly...

They don’t measure this against a fierce enemy...

Oh, I’m still breathing painfully and difficultly,

I can breathe, but I can’t live.

Meanwhile, the poet's life is already coming to an end. It seems that poems should sound in which the author sums up his life. But despite illness and old age, notes of love continue to sound:

Oh, how in our declining years

We love more tenderly and more superstitiously...

Shine, shine, farewell light

Last love, dawn of evening!

I love Tyutchev’s creations because the idea of ​​any of his works is not just a thought, but is always inspired by images taken from the world of the soul or nature. I also love his poems for their subtle taste - “the fruit of a multifaceted education.” For me, he differs from everyone else in his unity of talent and humanity. The poet is not looking for popularity. His talent is not aimed at the crowd; not everyone can understand him. I understood only a small part of his work. Tyutchev taught me to notice what I had not noticed before, to admire what is not striking.