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The Winter Olympics in Calgary will forever go down in history as one of the most significant events in world sports. For the first time, the Winter Olympics lasted for sixteen days, during which the whole world watched the celebration of the triumph of the spirit and the will to win.
The Olympic capital of 1988 showed a real example of determination long before the start of the competition. Despite the fact that Canada has always been a leading country in winter sports, the right to host the Olympic flame was not easy for her. Calgary has been competing for the title of Olympic capital since 1959, and only in 1981 was elected to host the XV Winter Olympics in 1988.
Canada has not only stood the test with dignity, but in many ways exceeded the expectations of the world community. The construction of the Canadian Olympic Park took 7 years. Innovative sports facilities were rebuilt and existing ones modernized.
The new bobsleigh descent was equipped with refrigeration units that prevent the ice from melting at positive temperatures. New tracks for skiers and alpine skiers were equipped, a grandiose indoor stadium for ice sports - the Olympic Oval - was erected. For the first time, speed skating competitions were held indoors, protected from the vicissitudes of the weather.
An important event was the international broadcast of the games, which was conducted from a specially built International Broadcasting Center. The Games were covered by 4,900 media professionals from around the world.
On the Olympic Square in the city center, a monument was unveiled to the first champion in the history of the Olympic Games - the athlete of Ancient Greece Koreb. The bronze monument in Calgary is modeled after a real ancient Greek statue. Every day on this square, with a confluence of thousands of spectators, athletes were honored - the heroes of the day, and Olympic awards were presented. The opening ceremony of the games took place on February 13, 1988. The Olympic torch was carried by athletes of all ages, including four-year-old Bruno Levesque and Joe Chase, who celebrated his 101st birthday on the opening day of the games.
Athletes from 57 countries took part in the games. For the athletes of Jamaica, Guam, Fiji, Guatemala and the Antilles, this Winter Olympics was the first in history. Athletes competed for 46 sets of awards in 10 Olympic sports, including the first-ever included alpine skiing disciplines: alpine biathlon and super giant slalom.
The changeable climate of the Rocky Mountains brought a lot of difficulties to the organizers and participants of the competition. A warm Pacific wind in a matter of hours made the ski slopes unusable. Due to the melting snow, skiing competitions were postponed several times. At the finish line, the water was ankle-deep.
The winner in the overall standings was the USSR team, which won 29 medals. The honorable second place was taken by the GDR team, which received 25 medals. The triumphant performances of these teams were the last in the sunset of the history of these countries. By the next Olympic Games, both states ceased to exist.
The Calgary Olympics has become a powerful impetus for the development of sports and tourism in the region. The facilities built for the competitions have become a training ground for athletes from all over the world. The park is constantly developing and modernizing. In the 21st century, new facilities were added to the facilities built for the Olympics. Today, the Canadian Olympic Park is open to the general public at any time of the year. It is well equipped for summer sports activities. The park has bike paths and mountain bike trails, a cable car. Outdoor festivals are held here, there are summer camps.
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- White Games classified as secret of the USSR and the Winter Olympic Games 1956-1988, Aroyan E. (ed.). Sport in the twentieth century was an integral part of world politics, which had an ever-increasing influence on it and actively intervened in the conduct of competitions. During the Cold War...
Featured sports
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ski jumping
luge
Figure skating
Hockey
In 1981, the Canadian city of Calgary was proposed to the International Olympic Committee for the seventh time to host the Winter Olympics. This time the attempt was successful. The Organizing Committee and the people of Calgary have done a lot to make the Winter Olympics a success. The Olympic Stadium after reconstruction began to accommodate more than 60 thousand spectators. Especially for the Olympics, a new luge-bobsleigh track was built with 14 turns and two gutters: one for lugers, the other for bobsledders. Refrigeration units installed under the track made it possible to keep ice even at a temperature of +20C. New indoor stadiums provided an opportunity for 19,000 spectators to watch matches of hockey teams and figure skating competitions. Modern ski and ski slopes were also built, and the International TV and Radio Broadcasting Center was put into operation.
The XV Winter Olympic Games brought together 1634 athletes, including 364 women from 57 countries. For the first time, four new ski disciplines for men and women were included in the program: super giant slalom and alpine combined, team competitions in ski jumping and Nordic combined. Skaters have a 5000 m distance for women in speed skating. 46 sets of medals were played. Women competed in 16 types of competitions of 5 sports, men - in 28 types of competitions of 10 sports. Two types of competitions in figure skating - ice dancing and pair skating were mixed - women and men.
In cross-country skiing, the performance of representatives of the USSR was especially successful - 15 medals, including 5 gold: three won by women - Vincen at a distance of 10 km, Tikhonova at a distance of 20 km and in a 4 × 5 km relay, and two by men - Devetyarov at a distance of 15 km and Prokurorov at a distance of 30 km. Moreover, the advantage of the women's team, which lost only one of the four gold medals played, won the entire podium in the 20 km race and outstripped the nearest Norwegian team in the relay by more than 1.5 minutes, was generally recognized. Two-time Olympic champions were Tamara Tikhonova and Swede Gunde Swan. Gold medals went to representatives of three countries: the USSR - 5, Sweden - 2 and Finland - 1.
In ski jumping, the famous Finnish athlete Matti Nykanen was out of competition, becoming a three-time winner on the 70 and 90-meter springboard, as well as in team competitions, where his contribution was decisive. All gold medals went to athletes from Finland.
In alpine skiing, success was accompanied by representatives of the Alpine states, especially Switzerland - 11 medals, including 3 gold ones, which predetermined the high third place of the team of this country in the unofficial standings. The two-time Olympic champion was the legendary Alberto Tomba from Italy, who was the winner of the World Cup 7 times. Athletes from five countries received gold medals: Switzerland - 3, Austria - 3, Italy - 2, Germany - 1, France - 1.
Speed skating was dominated by the representatives of the GDR - 13 medals, including 3 gold medals, and this time the most successful were the men who won 2 gold medals: May in the 500 m distance and Hoffman in the 1500 m distance. Three gold medals were won by the Dutch, to be exact one athlete, Yvonne van Gennip, who won the 1500m, 3000m and 5000m distances. The most successful among men was Thomas Gustafsson from Sweden, who became a two-time Olympic winner. Gold medals went to representatives of five countries: the GDR - 3, the Netherlands - 3, Sweden - 2, the USSR - 1, the USA - 1. The performance of the speed skater from the GDR Christa Rotenburger-Luding was marked by two medals: gold at a distance of 1000 m and silver at a distance of 500 m. However, this athlete entered the history of Olympic sports not only by these indicators. She was the only athlete who managed to receive medals at the Winter and Summer Olympic Games in the same year. In Seoul, she won a silver medal in cycling.
In biathlon, the largest number of medals - 4, including one gold for the victory in the men's relay race, was won by Soviet athletes, but Franz-Peter Rech from the GDR won both individual races.
In bobsleigh competitions, the largest number of prizes - 3, were taken by athletes from the GDR. Gold medals were won by the Soviet two-seat crew, and the Swiss - by a four-seat one. The victory of the crew from the USSR Janis Kipurs and Vladimir Kozlov turned out to be one of the sensations of the Olympic Games.
But in luge, representatives of the GDR won all the gold medals.
In figure skating, athletes from the USSR demonstrated high skill. The first and second places on the podium in pair skating were taken by Soviet pairs: Ekaterina Gordeeva and Sergey Grinkov, as well as Elena Valova and Oleg Vasiliev. In ice dancing, Natalya Bestemyanova and Andrey Bukin took first place, Marina Klimova and Sergey Ponomarenko took second. In women's single skating, as in Sarajevo, Katarina Witt from the GDR won, becoming a two-time Olympic champion. Among men, the winner was Brian Boitano from the USA. Gold medals went to representatives of three countries: the USSR - 2, the USA - 1 and the GDR - 1.
In hockey, having defeated the Finnish team in the final, the USSR team became the Olympic champion.
According to the results of the Olympic Games, the USSR athletes had the most medals - 29 (11 gold, 9 silver, 9 bronze) and points in the unofficial team standings (204.5). The GDR team advanced to second place, winning 173 points and 25 medals - 9 gold, 10 silver, 6 bronze. In the third place, Swiss athletes won 97.5 points and 15 medals - 5 gold, 5 silver, 5 bronze.
It should be noted that the results of the struggle between the teams were weakly related to the number of athletes - representatives of various countries who took part in the competition. The United States fielded the most numerous team - 119 athletes, the second largest team was Canada - 113 people. However, the US team was in 9th place, 54 points, and Canada - 12th. At the same time, the GDR team - 54 athletes - performed brilliantly in the competition and achieved high results.
In 1988, the Winter Olympic Games were held in the Canadian province of Alberta, the city of Calgary. The 1988 Olympics was the last for the Soviet team. Viktor Tikhonov took the national team to the Games in Calgary. As it turned out, the players had a special motivation to win.
"The then leaders of domestic hockey made a strong move, saying that in the event
victories will not prevent the first five from leaving the ocean. Having received such an emotional charge, the guys just flew on the ice, not knowing what difficulties they still had before moving to the NHL clubs. Do not forget that perestroika was already in full swing in the country, as a result of which the pressure from above was clearly weakening. Yes, and it was not necessary to pump us up especially, because winning Olympic medals is the dream of any athlete, "the striker shared his memories of the Olympics in Calgary Alexander Chernykh.
By the way, the President of the International Ice Hockey Federation Günther Sabetsky announced that the Olympics would be open to all professional athletes. Although the NHL players had the right to come to Calgary, the teams were not willing to let their best players go. Nevertheless, the Canadians had 13 players from the NHL, the Swedes and the Finns had six, the FRG had three, and two each in the French and US teams.
At the preliminary stage, the Red Machine defeated the teams of Norway (5:0), Austria (8:1), USA (7:5), Germany (6:3) and Czechoslovakia (6:1).
The match with the USA turned out to be a real thriller. After the second period, the USSR national team led 6:2. The American channel ABC Sports decided to interrupt the broadcast and switch to other events. Soon those who made this decision had to regret it. The USSR national team allowed the Americans to play two goals first, and then Todd Okerlund from
the Minnesota varsity team scored another goal. There was a hope to equalize, but it was buried by a goal Vyacheslav Fetisov.
After the preliminary round, the teams that took the first or third places in the groups entered the final tournament. At the same time, points scored in matches with all the teams that have passed to the final stage were counted.
The Calgary Olympics became the first in many years that he did not play Vladislav Tretyak. According to Alexander Chernykh, the team felt comfortable and Sergei Mylnikov at the gate. " In his face, behind our backs, we felt a reliable rear and knew that even if we failed somewhere, he would certainly help out".
In the first match of the second stage, the USSR national team met with the hosts of the tournament. In Canada, many believed that the great Red Machine would fail in Calgary. Why? The Soviet Union failed to win the 1987 World Championship in Vienna, lost in the Canada Cup final and lost at the home tournament for the Izvestia Prize, which was considered to be a dress rehearsal before the Olympics.
All the more so, the NHL players played for Canada. For the first time in the last 20 years, such a strong team represented the team at the Olympic Games. There were two reigning Stanley Cup winners among the NHL players: Randy Gregg, who left Edmonton to take part in his second winter
Olympics, and the goalkeeper Andy Moog, who had a contract dispute with an NHL club. However, the victory of the Soviet Union over Canada 5:0 made it clear that Canadians' expectations were premature.
After the Canadians, the USSR national team dealt with the Swedes (7:1). " All the players were then in such fantastic shape that in the decisive match we left no stone unturned from the Swedes, defeating them with a score of 7:1. The real leader of the team was Vyacheslav Fetisov, who by personal example inspired the team to uncompromising struggle", - recalled the striker of the team Alexander Chernykh.
In their final match, the Soviet hockey players lost to the Finns (1:2). A well-known defender played for the Finnish national team Reijo Ruotsalainen, which at that time was playing in Sweden. In the past, this is a participant in the NHL All-Star Game and the owner of the Stanley Cup as part of Edmonton.
"By the way, in 1988 the Finns started to play hard. And it was believed that they learned everything from us, inviting Soviet hockey players to master classes. And they surprisingly got into the top three (became second). Until 1988, the Finns were considered straightforward, and in Calgary they played differently - before that they had Canadian pressure, and then the Soviet coaches showed them how they could play, and then the revival of Finnish hockey began", - said the Olympic champion "Calgary" Alexander Kozhevnikov.
The USSR national team scored eight points in the final table, which allowed the team to become Olympic champions. For the Finnish team
it turned out to be seven points and silver medals of the 1988 Olympics.
"As far as I know, this defeat was the first in the history of relations between the two powers in major representative tournaments. However, we did not even think of playing giveaway with the Finns. Our link even scored a goal, but that day Jarmo Mullis, who was still little known, was brilliant at the opponent's goal. However, no tragedy happened, because the ringing of gold medals already victoriously beat in our hearts", - said Alexander Chernykh.
The Soviet Union once again demonstrated its complete superiority over all other teams. Our big five: Fetisov, Kasatonov, Larionov, Makarov, Krutov showed itself in this tournament in full glory.
"The games in Calgary were easier for us than the Olympics in Sarajevo, where the teams were more serious. Although there are two options - either we prepared like that, or the teams were weaker. It was not so difficult in Canada because we had a real team in which every hockey player was charged with a thirst for victory. Plus, Viktor Vasilievich Tikhonov and Vladimir Vladimirovich Yurzinov came up with some things", - Alexander Kozhevnikov recalled.
When Soviet hockey players climbed the podium, no one knew that this would be the last Olympic award ceremony for the Soviet team.
Composition of the USSR national team
Goalkeepers: Sergey Mylnikov, Vitaly Samoilov, Evgeniy Belosheikin.
Defenders: Vyacheslav Fetisov, Alexei Kasatonov, Ilya Byakin, Alexei Gusarov, Igor Stelnov, Sergey Starikov, Igor Kravchuk.
Forwards: Vladimir Krutov, Igor Larionov, Sergey Makarov, Valery Kamensky, Andrew Chomutov, Anatoly Semenov, Alexander Mogilny, Sergey Svetlov, Vyacheslav Bykov, Sergey Yashin, Alexander Chernykh, Andrew Lomakin, Alexander Kozhevnikov.
Coaches: Victor Tikhonov, Igor Dmitriev.
Calgary (Canada)
The 1988 Games were the first in many years that were not overshadowed by political confrontation. The time of sports boycotts and demarches was a thing of the past. The world was on the brink of great change. The national teams of Germany and the GDR in Calgary last time at the Winter Olympics performed as different teams - only a year and a half remained before the fall of the Berlin Wall. For the USSR national team, these were also the last White Games - the country was already infected with perestroika, and it will not live up to Albelville-1992. The Olympic Movement also entered an era of great change - all of them were associated with the active IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch.
Venue: Calgary, Canada
February 13 - 28, 1988
Number of participating countries - 57
Number of athletes participating - 1423 (301 women, 1122 men)
Medal sets - 46
Team winner - USSR
The three main characters of the Games according to "SE"
Alberto Tomba (Italy),
skiing
Eddie Edwards (UK)
ski jumping
Valery Medvedtsev (USSR),
biathlon
LIFE IN THE AGE OF CHANGE
The Spanish marquis decided to inject fresh blood into the stagnant program of the Games - curling, freestyle and short track were presented as demonstration sports in Calgary, which will very soon join the family of winter Olympic disciplines. For the first time, Samaranch managed to make the snow and ice sports forum a super-profitable event. In many ways, this was facilitated by the decision to stretch the competition for 16 days, including three weekends. According to official figures, the organizers earned over $100 million from the 1988 Olympics. True, later one of the Canadian newspapers managed to prove that these figures were greatly exaggerated. But this no longer worried anyone - according to the new doctrine of the IOC, the Games were to become synonymous with success at all costs.
The most significant contribution to the budget of the Olympics, as usual, was made by television people - the American company ABC paid $ 309 million for the right to broadcast the Games, but set the condition for the starts to be held at the end of February. This requirement almost led to the disruption of some competitions. The fact is that at this time of the year in Calgary, a warm Chinook wind blows from the Rocky Mountains. Because of him, during the Olympics, the temperature sometimes reached 20 degrees above zero. The skiers unanimously complained about the loose snow, and the races on the bobsleigh track had to be stopped several times because of the sand blown onto the track by the wind.
The producers of ABC, who were now commissioning music for the Games, were primarily interested in making the Olympics a spectacular show. This approach has greatly changed the perception of the Games - now not stubborn champions, but textured media characters have come to the fore. The USSR national team won its swan medal standings in Calgary. And not just won - in cross-country skiing we won five titles out of eight, the relay victory in biathlon was won for the sixth time in a row, and the seventh triumph of the hockey team (out of nine possible) allowed the Soviet team to get ahead of the founders of Canadian hockey in the number of Olympic titles. But our heroes - skier Tamara Tikhonova, biathlete Valery Medvedtsev or the hockey team - had a hard time competing for media sympathy with such hyped characters as the cute figure skater Katarina Witt from the GDR or the charming skier Alberto Tomba from Italy.
HEROIC LOSERS
TRAGIC DESTINIES
As often happens in life, there is only one step from fun to tragedy. The giant slalom competition was overshadowed by the death of the Austrian national team doctor Jörg Oberhammer: colliding with one of the television technicians on the slope, he fell under a snowcat. American speed skater Dan Jensen was considered the favorite in Calgary in the sprint competition, but a few hours before the start of his 500-meter race, he learned that his sister had died of leukemia. Unable to control his emotions, Jensen fell in the distance. History repeated itself in the 1000-meter race, where the American was ahead of the world record schedule, but again could not keep on skating. Dan won his Olympic gold only six years later in Lillehammer 1994.
Some of the champions of the 1988 Olympics met with a tragic fate. Sergey Grinkov, the winner of the figure skating couples competition, will die of a heart attack in seven years during training. In 2008 Alexey Prokurorov, the winner of the gold medal in the 30 km cross-country skiing race, will be killed to death by a drunk driver of a Zhiguli. The goalkeeper of the USSR hockey team Yevgeny Belosheikin hanged himself in 1999 due to problems in his personal life. Three-time Calgary champion Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykanen will get drunk after the end of his career, stab his drinking buddy and get two years in prison.
However, bad fate after the Games did not prevail over everyone. Katarina Witt after Calgary will perform in various shows for another 20 years, reaping the fruits of her fame. The winner of the competition in men's singles skating Brian Boitano will become one of the heroes of the popular cartoon "South Park". Alberto Tomba's career will also be very successful, and in 2006 he will be on the organizing committee of the Turin Olympics. Six months after winning the Canadian oval, German speed skater Christa Rothenburger will win silver in the cycling track at the Seoul Summer Games and become the only athlete to win medals in the Winter and Summer Olympics in one year. Almost all the leaders of the USSR hockey team will succeed in the NHL - Vyacheslav Fetisov will later become the head of Rossport, and Vyacheslav Bykov will take the Russian Olympic team to Vancouver 2010 as head coach.
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