The official name of the Russian ruble. Russian ruble as a world currency

Russian ruble is the official currency in the Russian Federation. Also, the national currency of the Russian Federation is used in Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, rubles began to circulate after the country gained independence. It happened on July 26, 1993, along with the money reform. And before that, there was a Soviet-style ruble, issued in 61, 91 and 92 years of the twentieth century. Later, the money was withdrawn from circulation. Sewed money tickets to replace. 1 Russian ruble was a coin that has been used since 92 of the twentieth century.

Banknotes used in circulation

In 1995, banknotes that had been issued before since 93 of the last century were replaced by updated banknotes, modified, with a better protection function. In 98, a denomination took place, after which new money was issued. The smallest change banknote was a five-ruble note, and the largest five-hundred ruble note. At the beginning of the new century and later, five years later, money appears in 1000 Russian rubles and 5000, respectively.

Today, money in 5 and 10 rubles is no longer issued, but continues to be in circulation.

Before the start of the first Winter Olympic Games in the Russian Federation in the Krasnodar Territory, in 2013, a commemorative cash ticket of 100 rubles is issued.

What do Russian rubles represent

Each banknote is related to a specific city of the Russian Federation:

The minimum five-ruble bill, shows Novgorod. On the front side there is a monument to the "Millennium of Russia", and on the back - the fortress wall of the Novgorod citadel. The five-rouble bill has a dark green hue.
The banknote of 10 Russian rubles is related to Krasnoyarsk and is made in olive color. The front side depicts a bridge across the Yenisei River. The reverse side is decorated with the Krasnoyarsk HPP.
The fifty-ruble denomination of blue color is the face of St. Petersburg. The front side is decorated with a sculpture at the base of the column, as well as the Peter and Paul Fortress. The stock exchange house is depicted on the back side.
The red-brown paper banknote of 100 Russian rubles marks the capital of the Russian Federation, Moscow. On the front side there is a quadric of the Bolshoi Theatre. On the back, the facade of the most famous theater flaunts.
Five hundred ruble bill of a purple hue from Arkhangelsk, on the front side of which you can see a monument to Peter I, as well as a ship in the port. The Solovetsky Monastery is depicted on the reverse side.
The blue-green denomination of 1000 rubles refers to Yaroslavl. On its front side, you can see the monument to the Wise Yaroslav, as well as the chapel of Our Lady of Kazan. On the back - John the Baptist Church.
And finally, on the largest banknote of 5000 Russian rubles, red-brown, from the front side you can see the monument to Muravyov-Amursky. And on the back you can see the bridge across the great river called Amur.

Together with banknotes, in the monetary circulation of Russia, since 1992, there were also coins with a nominal value of 1 to 100 rubles. However, later, after the completion of the money reform in 1998, the coins ceased to be a means of payment. They were replaced by completely new coins, first of 2002 and then of 2006. An eagle with two heads adorns ruble coins. In turn, on penny coins, George the Victorious is depicted.

Until 2014, the production of the 1st and 5 kopeck coins was stopped, but after that it resumed again, since the Crimean peninsula joined the Russian Federation.

The history of the Russian ruble as the official currency of the Russian Federation

In the current territory of Russia, the ruble has been used as a means of payment since the thirteenth century. There was an opinion that the expression "ruble" came from another verb "cut". However, today it has been proven that the ruble, for some reason, owes its name to the ancient technology of coin production. At first, the ruble was in the form of a coin with a certain amount of precious metal. But in 1769, the first paper money appeared.

And how freely the currency of the Russian ruble felt in history can be judged by the reforms that the Russian government carried out. So, before the collapse of a great power, the Bank of the USSR issued rubles for the last time, which are coins. And after only one year, the Bank of Russia put into use a new type of ruble, both in the form of coins and bank notes. At that time, the smallest coin was 1 ruble. However, the growth that occurred in 1993 provoked an increase in the nominal value to 10 rubles. And in 1995, the banknote of 1000 rubles became the smallest denomination. The permanent growth of inflation, which began in 1992, inevitably ended, which returned the former pennies and created a new Russian ruble.

Fight against counterfeit banknotes

To combat fakes, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has developed new methods of struggle, which consist in conducting certain types of expertise. Thus, analysts proposed to add the latest research to the existing list of examinations, thanks to which the internal structure of counterfeit banknotes will become clear. A study in the field of printing will reveal some of the features of printing equipment. Analysis in the field of materials science will shed light on the light transmission of paper, ink fastening, the number of double folds and so on. A physico-chemical analysis will allow you to study the elemental component of paint and paper.

Such ideas from the Ministry of Internal Affairs will be the impetus for the development of new devices and devices with which it will be possible to test money.

Forecast of the Russian ruble and what is happening now on the interbank currency exchange

The events that have been taking place in Ukraine for over a year now could not affect relations between the Russian Federation and the United States. And then there's the drop in oil prices. And as a result, by the end of 2014, there was a fall. For one dollar, 65 rubles are given on the interbank currency exchange. What will be the forecast for the Russian ruble?

According to many political scientists and economists, the outlook for the Russian ruble for 2015 will be generally positive. This means that the situation will stabilize sooner or later. Experts believe that it is very important to adhere to the course outlined by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, namely, to reduce pressure on medium and large businesses. It was then that businessmen will begin to part with foreign exchange reserves. will reduce the cost to 50 rubles per. However, do not forget about.

If you notice a mistake in the text, please highlight it and press Ctrl+Enter

Nesterov A.K. The Russian ruble as a world currency // Encyclopedia of the Nesterovs

Russia faces a number of challenges in the financial sector at the international level, which increases the importance of the state's sovereign financial policy. It is necessary to identify the factors that strengthen the position of the ruble as a world currency. This is a stimulating factor in the development of the Russian economy and the strengthening of Russia's position in geopolitical and geo-economic terms, up to gaining complete independence from the destructive influence of international financial institutions.

The role of the ruble in the international payment turnover

Strengthening the position of the ruble as a world currency is a complex task focused on the long term and comprehensive implementation.

Compared with the measures that were taken in 2013-2014 and the projects implemented in 2015-2017, there seems to be an objective need for even greater intensification of activities towards strengthening the position of the ruble in the global monetary system, increasing the reliability of the currency and the domestic payment system.

The main problem in this area: despite the collapse of the Bretton Woods system and formally equal opportunities for any national currency, the US dollar remains the main world currency in modern conditions, which creates significant obstacles for any national currency in terms of strengthening its position within.

Consider the dynamics of the share of currencies in the turnover of the world market according to the Bank for International Settlements.

The share of currencies in the turnover of the world market























Other currencies with shares<1%

turnover structure by currencies is calculated based on 200%

The share of operations with the ruble in the world market from 2001 to 2013 increased by more than five times, and the ruble rose from 19th to 12th place in the ranking. As of 2016, there was a significant decrease in the position of the ruble in the ranking, which was caused by the unfavorable international situation in 2014–2017. The further promotion of the ruble as the currency of international payments is due to the increasing role of Russia in the global economy, the development of financial infrastructure and the growth of the ruble segment in the world monetary system. At the same time, the ruble has been used in trading since 2006 not only on the domestic market, but also on foreign exchange platforms that provide the opportunity to make transactions with the ruble, for example, EBS ICap, Saxo Bank, etc. When trading securities, international settlements using the ruble are carried out through Clearstrem and Euroclear systems.

According to the Bank for International Settlements in the foreign exchange market, the main share of turnover falls on the currency pairs shown in the diagram.

At the same time, the main currency pairs have been settled for a long time, and the turnover structure remains in accordance with the current trend of the foreign exchange market. In this regard, it should be noted that the share of turnover in the currency pair dollar and ruble corresponds in volume to other national currencies, which, one way or another, show a tendency to increase their share in the structure of turnover of the main currency pairs in the foreign exchange market. It should be noted that in recent years the distribution of the structure of the turnover of the main currency pairs in the foreign exchange market has shifted from the pairs of the dollar and the main world currencies (euro, yen, pound sterling, Swiss franc), which accounted for almost 65.5% of the total turnover in 2001. , and now they account for just over 54.5% of the total turnover. There was an increase in the share of dollar pairs and national currencies, while the share of the euro and major world currencies and national currencies changed towards a reduction in the share of the total turnover. However, it is necessary to take into account the correlation of currency pairs. The share of pairs of the dollar and national currencies, including the ruble, remains very low compared to the main pairs, which are the dollar and the euro, and the dollar and the yen.

The table shows the dynamics of international savings in foreign exchange reserves according to the IMF.

Dynamics of international savings in foreign currency reserves

The structure of international savings in foreign currency reserves is dominated by the US dollar and the euro, which together account for 83.5% of the total foreign exchange reserves, as illustrated in the figure below. Any other currencies are not able to compete with them at the moment. An exception can be considered reserves in gold, which a number of countries, including Russia, China, Turkey, Iran, are actively increasing, however, according to the current monetary system, gold is not recognized as a world currency, but is a reserve asset.

The structure of international savings in foreign currency reserves for 2017

Thus, the main currencies for the accumulation of reserves are the US dollar and the euro. At the same time, other currencies are actively used for international settlements when concluding trade contracts and performing financial and economic transactions. As a result, the share of major world currencies in the international financial and economic turnover decreased in the period from 2001 to 2017 due to the growth in the share of transactions made in other world currencies and national currencies. At the same time, at the end of 2017, 83.54% of all world foreign exchange reserves were denominated in the US dollar and euro, while other national currencies together accounted for only 2.38%.

The development of the ruble's positions in the global foreign exchange market is associated with the development of the market for ruble instruments, which have de facto developed within the framework of the existing financial infrastructure, which allows transactions with the national currency at the international level. For example, the promotion of the ruble to world markets was reflected in the placement of external ruble loans, in particular, since 2005, debt obligations denominated in rubles, as well as government bonds denominated in rubles, have been circulating on international markets. In the foreign market, liabilities denominated in rubles account for about 25%. The increasing role of the ruble in international settlements gradually increased until December 2014, when, as a result of a currency-speculative attack on the ruble, there was a sharp drop in the exchange rate, which subsequently rose to the level of the first days of December by May 2015, having fully won back the December fall. Then another wave of decline followed, when on January 22, 2016 a peak value of 82.63 rubles was reached. for the American dollar. Since then, the ruble exchange rate has been steadily growing until January-April 2017. Over the past 12 months, the ruble exchange rate has been in the range of 56.5–59.5 rubles per US dollar.

The integration processes in which Russia participates also influence the position of the ruble in the world monetary system. In particular, the ruble is a significant means of payment for the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. The significance of the ruble for the economies of these countries provides serious grounds for the functioning of the ruble as a regional currency, as of 2013, about half of all settlements were made in rubles, the same amount was accounted for by the US dollar and the euro, since then the ratio has slightly improved. The ruble occupies a rather confident position in the Asian region. This is expressed in the transition to mutual settlements in national currencies with a number of countries, primarily with China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand.

Further strengthening of the ruble's position is associated with the intensification of operations in national currencies between Russia and other countries. The main vector should be the transition to a purposeful expansion of the volume of settlements and the list of national currencies that will participate in direct settlements. At the same time, the prerequisites for such a strengthening of the ruble's position in the world currency market are the large-scale intensification of Russia's work with countries that are essential for the foreign economic activity of the national economic system as a whole. In addition, work has been carried out that allows setting direct quotations of the ruble against national currencies, integrated access to trading on the MICEX using ruble instruments and contracts denominated in rubles, as well as two-level access to trading for non-residents of the Russian Federation. In addition, the launch of yuan trading also played a positive role, which contributed to the qualitative development of the infrastructure of the Russian financial system.

Prerequisites for the ruble to obtain the status of a world currency

The correspondence of the ruble to the characteristics according to the functional and financial and economic approach is presented in the table.

Analysis of the correspondence of the ruble to the characteristics of the world currency

Characteristic	world currency	Russian ruble
1. Functional approach
1.1 High solvency	The currency is trusted in the implementation of international transactions and the conclusion of contracts	Enjoys a certain degree of trust at the regional level, as well as with a number of partners with whom agreements on settlements in national currencies are concluded
1.2 High liquidity	Currency can be easily exchanged for any currency	An exchange can be made for a number of currencies, to which direct rates are determined. For other currencies, the rate is determined indirectly through the dollar or euro.
1.3 Stability and exchange rate stability	Stable exchange rate, amenable to unambiguous forecasting, minimal exchange rate losses	It is subject to sharp fluctuations between periods of stable stability, lasting several years.
2. Financial and economic approach
2.1 Emission affiliation	The currency is issued in the issuing financial center	Issued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, is the national currency
2.2 Multifunctionality		Has several functional forms
2.3 Materialization		Materialized form: cash and non-cash

Thus, it can be judged that the ruble partially corresponds to the characteristics of the world currency. Since, according to the characteristics of solvency and liquidity, the ruble does not fully meet the criteria for the definition of a world currency, then in relation to these characteristics it would be correct to speak of compliance with the criteria of a regional currency. Since the stability of the exchange rate does not meet the criteria of the world currency, but in the period between fluctuations the exchange rate is characterized by periods of stability, then we can judge about limited compliance with the stability characteristic. Thus, from the point of view of the functional approach, the ruble is a fairly strong regional currency, with the main purpose for use in settlement transactions in the implementation of foreign trade activities and the conclusion of contracts denominated in rubles. According to the financial and economic approach, the ruble meets the basic criteria, but in terms of emission by the financial center, the ruble is limited by the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. In terms of the degree of convertibility, the ruble is a freely convertible currency, it has both internal and external convertibility. However, in terms of determining exchange rates, the ruble affects only a number of regional currencies.

2. International Monetary Fund - statistics // URL:

The Russian ruble is the currency established as legal tender in the territory of the Russian Federation, North Ossetia and Abkhazia. In its modern form, the ruble has a short history that begins only in 1993, when, during the monetary reform, it was decided to switch from the previously used Soviet ruble to a new currency.

Until 1998, the Russian ruble had the digital designation 810 and the letter RUR, according to the records of the ISO 4217 standard. After 1998, the designation RUR and 643 are already being introduced, however, in the banking sector, when designating ruble accounts, the digital designation 810 is still encountered and used. As a symbol Russian ruble, the letter "P" is used with a single horizontal line through it. The ruble sign has been added to Unicode only since June 2014, so support for this character by all browsers and text editors is only expected over time.

Story

For the first time, the concept of the ruble appeared around the 13th century as a designation for a part of the hryvnia - a unit of silver weight, which was used for payment. The name comes from the word to chop and came into use only over time as a "ruble". Tsarist Russia used the rubles of the Russian Empire. This name meant both coins and banknotes that were in use. In Soviet Russia, the Soviet ruble was introduced as an official currency, recognized as a legal means of mutual settlements.

After the collapse of the USSR, Soviet rubles remained in use, as in many post-Soviet countries, but many of them soon switched to their currencies. To prevent hyperinflation and the influx of a clear excess of Soviet cash, a currency reform was carried out, during which the Russian ruble of the 1993 model was introduced, and it was introduced into cash circulation. Until 2002, it was possible to exchange old rubles for new ones at the established rate, after which only new banknotes remained in circulation. In 1998, a denomination was made, as a result of which the rubles that were in cash circulation were exchanged for banknotes of a new type with a decrease in bit depth. The exchange took place at the rate of 1000:1.

Emission. Denominations

Banknotes in denominations of 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000 (since 2001), 5000 (since 2006) are currently used in cash circulation. Banknotes of 5 and 10 rubles are withdrawn from circulation and exchanged for coins. Of the coins, you can find denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 kopecks and 1,2,5,10 rubles. Kopeks are practically not used in everyday life, and some trading operations are already carried out only with rounding up to the ruble. Coins of 1 and 2 kopecks are withdrawn from circulation and are not produced. Commemorative coins are issued with a face value of 10 rubles and without the use of precious metals. A bond of brass and cupronickel, coated steel or cupro-nickel is used.

The issue of the money supply is carried out by the Bank of Russia and FSUE Goznak, which issue banknotes, and the Moscow Mint, together with the St. Petersburg Mint, issue coins. Since 1993, several series of banknotes have been launched. The second series was issued without actually changing the design and marked a decrease in denominations by 1000. Also, more advanced anti-counterfeiting measures were applied to the newly issued banknotes. In the future, a series of new banknotes were issued in 2001, 2004, 2010 in order to prevent the appearance of a large number of fakes.

Russian ruble exchange rate

The Russian Federation operates on the world market primarily with energy prices and only secondarily with other resources and finished products. The latter is just beginning to increase its competitiveness. Only recently the Russian ruble partially switched to a floating exchange rate. However, it cannot be called completely free-floating. The Bank of Russia creates a corridor in which changes in the exchange rate against the ruble are allowed, and when any of the channel boundaries is reached, an intervention is carried out in order to return the ratios to the levels set by the Bank of Russia. Only by 2015 is it planned to switch to a full-fledged floating exchange rate, based on free market conditions.

Russian ruble to US dollar exchange rate (USD/RUB)

Since its inception, the exchange rate of the Russian ruble has been adjusted and set by the Bank of Russia. After the partial transition of the ruble to a floating exchange rate, there was a noticeable weakening. This happened due to the weak growth rates observed in all areas of activity and the economy of the Russian Federation, and the weak dependence of the ruble on the main export direction, that is, on energy prices. Over the past 2013-2014, the collapse of the ruble was also marked by geopolitical problems and the complication of Russia's relations with neighboring countries, the European Union and the United States. The extremely low attention of traders to this currency pair is explained by the constant and strict control by the Bank of Russia.

Chart of the USD/RUB currency pair from 2012 to the present:

Russian ruble to euro exchange rate (EUR/RUB)

This currency pair attracts a little more attention than the USD/RUB pair, due to the fact that the European Union is one of the main energy importers from the Russian Federation. Thus, EUR/RUB reveals the ratio of one of the world's currencies used as the gold and foreign exchange reserves of most countries of the world, and, in fact, the completely raw Russian ruble. The Bank of Russia has a strong influence on the state of the Russian ruble, which still repels major players from active actions related to the currency of the Russian Federation. The difficult geopolitical and economic situation around Russia is also reflected in the behavior of the pair, so over the past few months the ruble has weakened greatly, and the pace of the pair's upward movement is only increasing.

Chart of the EUR/RUB currency pair from 2012 to the present day.

Sign, symbol of the Ruble: ₽Symbol or sign of the Russian ruble (₽)- a typographic symbol, which is included in the Currency Symbols group of the Unicode standard and is called the Ruble sign; code - U+20BD. Used primarily to represent the national currency of the Russian Federation, the ruble. The graphic designation of the ruble in the form of a sign is a capital letter "P" of the Cyrillic alphabet, supplemented at the bottom by a horizontal line that creates the impression of the presence of two parallel lines, which symbolizes the stable position of the Russian ruble. The symbol can be executed in direct and italic style. It was approved by the Bank of Russia on December 11, 2013. The approval of the ruble symbol is one of the functions of the Bank of Russia in accordance with Article 4 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)". More than 61% of the participants in the public discussion held from November 5 to December 5, 2013 on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation supported the ruble symbol approved by the Bank of Russia. Source: 1 - Wikipedia, 2 - Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
Characteristic characters that perform these functions:

R. rub. ₽.

Ruble symbol (font size 96)

₽

Currency code "Russian ruble" ISO 4217

since 1998: RUB and 643

formerly: RUR and 810

Ruble symbol on the keyboard
At the time of adoption, the sign had been unofficially used for many years, but it was not in Unicode: the consortium was waiting for the official adoption of the character. On January 21, 2014, the Russian Technical Committee for Standardization "Information Technologies" (TK22), which is the Russian national working body of STK1 ISO / IEC, submitted an application to the Unicode Technical Committee to add the ruble symbol - 20BD16 Ruble Sign (₽) - to the character set Unicode. On February 4, 2014, at the 138th meeting of the Unicode Technical Committee in San Jose, based on this application, it was decided to include the ruble symbol in the Unicode version 7.0 standard, and this symbol appeared in Unicode 7.0, released on June 16, 2014.
On August 13, 2014, Microsoft released an update to MS Windows, which provides the ability to enter a new ruble symbol from a computer keyboard. In most cases, this requires entering a combination on the Russian layout on keyboard: Right Alt + 8. Other options are listed on the update description page. The described scheme assumes that the current font contains the ruble symbol in the standard place; Microsoft has already adjusted its font library in one of the previous Windows updates. The display of the ruble symbol depends on the versions of the font files installed on the user's personal computer. Even if the fonts on the server contain it, the external user may have a version without a character and will not be displayed, or a glyph from another font will be displayed. For example, you can try to lead a character in Word (Word) using the combination Right Alt + 8.

Russian ruble symbol codes

Name:

HTML code:

Description of the approval process

From November 5 to December 5, 2013, the Bank of Russia conducted an anonymous poll on its website: Internet users who declared that they were 18 years old could choose one of five characters, vote against all and comment on their choice with five hundred characters, including spaces. According to the results of the survey, almost 280 thousand clicks were recorded, which were distributed as follows:
first place - more than 61%;
second place - about 19%;
third place - 5.5%;
fourth place - 4.5%;
fifth place - 1.9%;
against all - less than 8%.
At the same time, the leading options were not named. Since the survey was anonymous and did not even require registration on the site, the Bank of Russia did not explain the method of counting repeated votes and, accordingly, the meaning of the percentage distribution of clicks between unknown candidate signs. In general, one can understand the preferences of the Internet audience by the open results of parallel voting, which took place on several other sites using the same signs, for example, on the sites of the Prime agency or Rossiyskaya Gazeta. The design sign was in the lead - "P" with a crossed out leg.
On the first day of the survey, one of the employees of the Bank of Russia, in an interview with a correspondent for the Izvestia newspaper, said that “for the regulator, this is not so much a vote as a collection of opinions and comments ... Votes without textual comments regarding the choice made will not be taken into account ... The purpose of the discussion is to identify some nuances, for example, whether these symbols offend someone's religious feelings, whether they carry racial connotations or whether they are already used in some other capacity. Some selected comments were published by the Bank of Russia on 18 November. According to the press service of the bank, these comments are "typical opinions about each of the five proposed characters."
The composition of the working group that prepared the candidates for voting, the full list of criteria for including signs in the short list, the criteria, terms and procedure for the final selection of the ruble symbol were not indicated on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. There is no description of the channels for collecting the opinions of Russian citizens who do not use the Internet, and this is more than half of the adult population of the country. According to the results of the survey, the Bank of Russia said that it would “carefully analyze all the reviews left on the site and take them into account when making a decision,” however, the timing of this decision was not named.
As noted on the bank’s website, “the working group of the Bank of Russia considered more than a thousand applications from citizens and organizations with proposals for various spellings of the graphic designation of the ruble, studied the ideas of the Internet community. Among them, the five most frequently offered options were selected. Meanwhile, many domestic media outlets note the obvious absence of signs based on the Latin letter “R” in the shortlist, in particular, symbols that won in some competitions, the authors of which are Tagir Safaev (crossed out “R”) and Vladimir Efimov (“R” with a double diagonal leg). So, in 2006, the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center and the Izvestia newspaper asked experts to select the 13 most interesting signs, which were then presented by VTsIOM to Muscovites in four focus groups, finding out that 4 signs left Muscovites indifferent, 3 were considered unsuitable, 4 - "ambivalent". Only two signs aroused interest among the respondents - namely, projects based on the Latin script by Safaev and Efimov. The results of the study were presented on June 14 at the round table “What should the sign of the ruble be like?”
On December 11, 2013, the ruble symbol was officially approved by the board of directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The letter "P" with a horizontal line was the winner with over 61% of the votes.

Signs used in the survey of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Ruble symbol on coins and stamps
Such coins were put into circulation on June 17, 2014: commemorative silver coins with a face value of 3 rubles, as well as nickel-plated steel coins with a face value of 1 ruble. Silver coins are issued in a limited edition: 500 pieces in proof quality, 1000 pieces in uncirculated quality. Coins with a denomination of 1 ruble are issued as part of an emission program with a circulation of 100 million pieces. Description of the coin on this

- - the official monetary unit of the Russian Federation. Bank code RUB (before the 1998 denomination of RUR). Banknote denominations: 5,000, 1,000, 500, 50 and 10 rubles. Coins: 10, 5, 2 and 1 ruble, 50, 10, 5 kopecks and withdrawn so far from ... ... Banking Encyclopedia

Russian ruble- (Russian Ruble, RUR) Currency Russian ruble, history of the emergence and development of the Russian ruble Currency Russian ruble, history of the emergence and development of the Russian ruble, place of the currency in the world economy Contents Contents 1. Russian 1.1 ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor

Ruble of the USSR- Ruble (Russian) Rouble (English) Rouble (French) ... Wikipedia

Russian ruble

Russian ruble- Ruble 5000 rubles 2006 1 ruble 1997 ... Wikipedia

Ruble of Tatarstan- The country of Tatarstan (not a means of payment) Consists of ... Wikipedia

Ruble- This term has other meanings, see Ruble (meanings). The ruble is the name of the modern currencies of Russia (see Russian ruble), Belarus (Belarusian ruble), Transnistria (Transnistrian ruble). The Russian ruble also has circulation ... Wikipedia

Ruble (Belarus)- Belarusian ruble Belarusian rubel Banknote of 500 Belarusian rubles Code ISO 4217 BYR ... Wikipedia

Russian ruble

Ruble of the Russian Empire- See also: Ruble (values) Ruble is the name of the currencies of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Transnistria. The Russian ruble also circulates in South Ossetia and Abkhazia. In the past, the currency of the Russian principalities, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian ... ... Wikipedia

Books

, Starikov Nikolai Viktorovich. The unrestricted issue of unsecured money was the dream of bankers and usurers for centuries. This is the shortest path to world domination. Today, all this has become a reality. All cash ... Buy for 458 rubles
The nationalization of the ruble is the path to the freedom of Russia, Starikov N.V. The unlimited release of unsecured money was an age-old dream of bankers and usurers. This is the shortest path to world domination. Today, all this has become a reality. All cash...