Basic rules of the mushroom picker. Useful information for beginner mushroom pickers about the rules for picking mushrooms skillful picking of mushrooms is the norm of a mushroom picker

Here comes the mushroom season. There is a reason why it becomes possible not only to breathe fresh air while walking through the forest, but also to take part in the "quiet hunt" - the most exciting activity - picking mushrooms.

Mushrooms are a traditional food product - any book about Russian cuisine contains many appetizers, first and main courses,sauces and fillings for pies. For cooking, raw, boiled, salted, pickled and dried mushrooms are used. The unique taste and aroma of mushrooms, as well as nutritional advantages, ensure their popularity not only in Russian cuisine.

Why are mushrooms good?The chemical composition of most edible mushrooms is characterized by low calorie content - 25-45 kcal per 100 g. Mushrooms are a relatively good source of B vitamins - a portion of cooked mushrooms provides 5-10% of a person's need for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid. Unlike other plant foods, mushrooms also contain vitamin D . High potassium content (0.3-0.4%) and low sodium content - but we usually destroy this advantage of mushrooms by flavoring them with table salt. Preliminary drying of mushrooms, their grinding and heat treatment increases the availability of nutrients.

If in other countries preference is given to mushrooms grown industrially, under conditions guaranteeing safety, then in Russia many are addicted or trying to get carried away by “silent hunting”. Unfortunately, there are fewer and fewer "professional" mushroom hunters, and "beginners", and especially children, are picking all kinds of mushrooms in a row.

This is what lies the first major danger of mushrooms - from several thousand species growing in our forests,not all are edible . Most of them are inedible and even poisonous.

The most famous representative of the latter, with which dozens of cases of severe poisoning are associated annually, often ending in death, is the pale grebe.

For the occurrence of poisoning, a small piece of the mushroom or only "mushroom broth" is enough.

Unfortunately, the young pale grebe "disguises" itself as many other edible mushrooms: russula, milk mushrooms, champignons, etc.

There are also poisonous mushrooms "twins" - typical representatives are false chanterelles and false mushrooms. That is why in the company of "mushroom hunters" there must be at least one experienced mushroom picker, who knows exactly which mushrooms are edible in a given area and a given period of the year .

Second danger forest mushroomsrelated to their biologicalthey absorb everything from the environment like a sponge. They are able to concentrate many trace elements. But if the soil contains higher concentrations of cadmium or lead, they will be concentrated by fungi, which become potentially hazardous to human health. Knowit is strictly forbidden to pick mushrooms along highways - move a few hundred meters away from the highway- the probability of soil contamination in the depths of the forest is much less, which means that the mushrooms will be safe.

The third danger forest mushroomsassociated with ignorancetechnologies for the preparation of conditionally edible mushrooms - this applies to many rows, bitters, fiddlers, etc. Their use in food should be preceded by long soaking and / or double boiling, drying. Poisoning with these mushrooms is not life-threatening, but can cause health problems, especially in people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

And finally the fourth danger is the lack of general sanitary and hygienic skills in the processing and harvesting of mushrooms.

Collected mushrooms must be immediately sorted out, old, wormy and damaged and broken mushrooms (which cannot be identified), thoroughly clean the surface of the mushroom from all impurities. Pay special attention to impurities of the earth - spore-forming microorganisms can get with them, which will “come to life” during the subsequent canning of mushrooms.

Even after collecting the mushrooms you know, after careful sorting, cleaning and washing, it is better to boil them, drain the broth and only then use them for cooking.

Mushroom pickers need to know and perform basic rules for the safe collection and handling of mushrooms.

Basic rules of the mushroom picker.

How to recognize mushrooms, how to pick them, which ones to cook correctly in order to preserve excellent taste and aroma - these are far from idle questions that concern many mushroom pickers, especially beginners.

1. Collect only those mushrooms in the forest that you know for sure that they are edible.

2. Remember that poisonous mushrooms often grow next to edible ones and can be very similar to them.

3. Mushrooms that you do not know or that are in doubt, mushrooms whose edibility you are not sure about, should not be eaten and tasted, especially when raw.

4. Remember that even edible mushrooms can become inedible and toxic if not properly prepared and stored.

5. Never pick or eat mushrooms that are overripe, wormy or spoiled.

6. Don't eat raw mushrooms.

7. Don't believe the popular belief that poisonous mushrooms will darken bulbs or silver objects if they are dipped in a bowl where mushrooms are simmered. This is a false impression!

8. There is only one absolutely reliable way to recognize poisonous mushrooms: you need to know them.

9. Do not pick mushrooms, even if they are known to be edible, in city parks, squares, yards, and also along roads and railways. Mushrooms accumulate toxic substances and become unfit for food.

(!) At the first signs of poisoning, you must urgently seek medical help .

"Silent hunting" - this is the name of the collection of mushrooms. People go to the forest not only to diversify their menu - this process is akin to meditation, it brings peace and tranquility.

Of course, children growing up in a family of mushroom pickers also pick mushrooms from a very young age together with their parents. To make these woodland walks safe, thorough instruction regarding edible and non-edible species is essential.

Before you teach a child to pick mushrooms correctly, you need to check the rules and his theoretical knowledge in the form of an exam several times according to the Memo before starting practice.

In various regions of our country, the following edible mushrooms are widespread:

And the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms, the use of which promises great trouble, even death:

1. You should never take an unfamiliar mushroom, if in doubt, it is better to leave it or consult with adults.
2. You can not take large overgrown mushrooms. Even in clean areas, they are a storehouse of harmful substances.
3. A place for picking mushrooms should not be located near roads and industrial facilities - the farther into the forest, the safer.
4. Picking mushrooms is best in the morning.
5. You should never taste mushrooms, even if they are russula.
6. Twisting and breaking out the mushroom from the mycelium is a blasphemous act in relation to nature. The mushroom picker should always have a small knife with him, which is convenient to cut the stem of the mushroom.
7. It is undesirable to use plastic buckets and plastic bags for picking mushrooms - if the trip is long and the weather is warm, then the contents of the bag may overheat and spoil.

For children, there are the same as for their parents. Only by example can you show how to behave during the collection. If adults want to teach a child to their favorite pastime, then from a very early age one should focus on the names of mushrooms, on their differences, and especially on the fact that there are deadly mushrooms. Also, the whole family needs to know the basics so that they can immediately seek medical help if necessary.

Mushroom rules. 1) Collect only those mushrooms that you know well. 2) Never cut unfamiliar mushrooms. 3) The leg of the mushroom should be cut as close to the ground as possible. This will keep the mushroom from rotting. 4) You can not collect and knock down old mushrooms. They can be poisonous to humans. 5) Do not shoot down poisonous mushrooms. Many forest animals are treated with them.

The world around 3 class

"Substances in the surrounding world" - What bodies are made of. Substances are made up of tiny, invisible particles. Section "This amazing nature." What does ecology study? What is nature. What are substances. What is nature. Bodies, substances, particles. Specify the correct food chain. Bodies are all objects that surround us. Which kingdom does not belong to wildlife. Wood. What is inanimate nature.

"Countries of the Benelux" - Symbol of Belgium? Test. Emblem of Belgium. Luxembourg's head of state? Head of state. The area of ​​Luxembourg is only 2600 km2. square! Queen. Netherlands. What is Benelux? Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg. Interesting fact: Luxembourg is the only duchy in the world. Flower Park - 80 km. Attractions. Data. Duke. Luxembourg. Netherlands (Holland). Name the Benelux countries. King.

"Participants in the circulation of substances" - What is the role of "breadwinners". Living participants in the cycle of matter. Carbon dioxide. Dirty water. Stuffy cart. Waste. Links of the circulation of substances. examples of living organisms. What is the role of scavengers? What is the role of "eaters". Consumers. Radish. Minerals.

"Observations in the spring" - Merry spring streams. Snow is still whitening in the fields, and the waters are noisy in spring. Spring has come. Ice drift. The sun plays and smiles in the puddles. The spring flowers have awakened. What color is the sky. Spring is fast approaching us. Mystery. I saw a rook - meet spring. The purpose of the lesson. Fragrant bird cherry blossomed in spring. What will we write about in the main part of the essay. Watch, notice. Composition plan. How do we start observing nature?

"Harmful products for children" - Viscous and sticky sweets. Questioning. Cooking chips at home. Crisps. Sausages. What kind of lemonade do you like. What foods are harmful. Harmful products. Wrong nutrition. Sweet carbonated drinks. Products are harmful to health. What kind of chocolate do you like. Chocolate bars. Making lemonade at home. Junk food. Fast food.

"Carrot" - You love carrots. A wonderful vegetable. Dishes. The most common varieties of carrots. Autumn queen. Roots. Carrots come from Afghanistan. Carrot. Interview. We sow carrots in the spring. Study vegetables. Carrot juice. Carrots are used fresh.

Not everyone becomes a professional mushroom picker. To constantly bypass forest plantings, you need to have patience, free time and healthy legs. But everyone can be an amateur: wander through the forest, admire nature and even bring home some beautiful and edible mushrooms.

Anyone who has once been on a “quiet hunt” knows its basic rules if they took a walk with an experienced mushroom picker. But for beginners, perhaps, you should start by getting to know them.

How to pick mushrooms

Where to collect mushrooms

• First of all, you should choose a familiar place where there are landmarks and paths.
• Pine forest, deciduous plantings with clearings and gaps. Mushrooms grow well in close proximity to trees, in soil, well-fertilized foliage or fallen spruce branches.

Where not to pick mushrooms

• Along roads and railways (due to the large amount of carcinogens in the air and soil).
• Along the edge of kolkhoz and farmer cultivated kolkhoz and farmer fields that can be treated with pesticides.
• In snow barriers - thin plantings of trees between fields. In such places, the level of soil contamination is usually increased.
• That's where you definitely shouldn't pick mushrooms, so it's near cemeteries, burial grounds and on the sites of former landfills for household waste and near natural dumps. There is obviously an unhealthy combination of substances in the soil of such sites, which makes nearby forest plantations poor places for mushroom picking.

It is important to know not only where and how to pick mushrooms, but also which ones.

The basic rule of picking mushrooms: you can only pick mushrooms you know and know.

Important

If there are doubts, but I really want to take the find, for example, because there is someone to consult after a walk, you can take such a mushroom home, but you need to carry it in a separate bag so as not to accidentally confuse it with the rest of the “catch”. In case of doubt, an unfamiliar mushroom is best left in the forest.

Other rules for picking mushrooms

When going to the forest, the mushroom picker must prepare: dress appropriately, take the necessary things, including a knife, a container for harvest, a mobile phone.

It is better to collect mushrooms in a bucket or basket, that is, in a container with a flat bottom. Mushrooms are quite fragile (for example, large chanterelles) and can be crushed. This also applies to agaric mushrooms.

It is best to go to the forest in the morning. In the afternoon, the light falls so that the mushrooms become more difficult to see among the foliage.

Young mushrooms are best suited for cutting. The old ones are softer and less transportable. Wormy and rotten mushrooms cannot be collected.

Cut or pluck mushrooms

Most experienced mushroom pickers will definitely say that mushrooms need to be cut. This is what people who respect nature do. However, biologists insist that, as such, there is no difference between cutting or pulling mushrooms. The fact is that a mushroom is, in fact, a repository of seeds above the soil surface. And the removal, by any means whatsoever, of this body will not lead to the destruction or deterioration of the mycelium itself, which is located in the ground and produces these edible ground parts.

And yet, in order not to harm nature, it is recommended to cut the mushrooms, and in extreme cases, twist them. And cover the place where he grew up with foliage.

A lyrical digression on how not to pick mushrooms

Recently, picking mushrooms has become one of the options for seasonal earnings. And there has been a tendency among mushroom pickers-entrepreneurs in the pursuit of quantity to forget that you need to respect nature. As a result, more and more often mushroom places become similar to someone's overgrown beds dug and raked. Uprooted moss, bare ground in places. And this is already a threat to all forest dwellings, including trees, insects and animals.

In connection with this, I would like to remind you: a good mushroom picker is a lover and a conservationist.