Letters from Clementine Churchill to her husband. Second front clementine churchill

There was, perhaps, no more popular and influential politician in the foreign history of the twentieth century than Winston Spencer Churchill. From the family of the Dukes of Marlborough, a participant in the Boer and Second World Wars, he accomplished a lot and did a lot, and not only for Great Britain. Volumes have been written about him, and he himself has told a lot about himself. But today we are not talking about him, or rather not only about him. I was interested in the woman who had been next to him for fifty-seven years. This is his wife Clementine Churchill, née Heuser, from the noble Scottish family of Airlie.

She was born on April 1, 1885 and was 11 years younger than Winston. Clementine spoke German fluently and French, had a sharp mind and a subtle sense of humor, and was interested in politics. The family was not rich, and Clementine gave French lessons. But at 23 years old, the girl was also picky; she ruined three engagements.

And Churchill at this time, having already settled down a little, apparently decided that the time had come to get married. But Winston was one of those people whose shortcomings were immediately visible, and whose merits were discovered a little later. And although life experience he was already rich, with women Winston was a bear to a bear: no beautiful courtship for you, no compliments for you. He was, above all, a warrior and too straightforward to be considered a gentleman. And in two last year he has already received three refusals. In addition, the brides understood that main woman for the applicant will be Her Majesty Politics.

Let us not dredge up the past of those unfortunates who could not discern such a wonderful match in the wayward and vain gentleman.

And once again Churchill almost made a mistake; he almost replaced Clementine with a bath. The fact is that he was invited to a reception with a lady who ten years ago helped the young lieutenant become part of the Sudanese expedition. Thanks to the fact that the secretary shamed his boss, Winston got an appointment with Lady St. Helier, who turned out to be Clementine's aunt.

The niece, they write, also did not want to attend the reception, since she did not have fashionable dress. But the sky decreed - and they met! This happened in March 1908. It turns out that fate had already brought them together four years ago at the same ball, but since Churchill did not yet know how to dance, the beauty was taken away from him by a nimble gentleman.

Already in August of the same year, he proposed to Clementine. The groom was very extravagant and unique for that time, and therefore Clementine almost refused again! But still, on August 15, 1908, Deputy Minister Churchill announced his wedding.

High society issued a summary: this marriage will last six months, no more, and the marriage will fall apart because Churchill was not created for family life.

But it turned out differently: they lived 57 years in love and fidelity!

Roy Jenkins wrote: "It is simply phenomenal that Winston and Clementine - those offspring of flighty ladies - created one of the most famous marriages in the history of the world, famous for both its happiness and its fidelity."

Churchill's biographers write that he was often lucky, but most of all he was lucky with his wife!

And family life began. He did all sorts of things: wrote books, learned to fly an airplane, spent nights in casinos, losing and winning back fortunes, managed political life countries, drank an excessive amount of whiskey, smoked Havana cigars endlessly, devoured kilograms of food!

But Clementine did not try to curb her husband, correct his shortcomings and remake his character, as a less intelligent woman would have tried to do. She accepted him as he was.

The uncompromising and stubborn politician became a meek young man near his wife. And she became his comrade-in-arms, first adviser and true friend. It was not easy for her with him, but she was never bored.

Churchill talked a lot, never listening or even hearing anyone. She found a wonderful way to communicate with him. The wife wrote letters to her husband. In total, 1,700 letters and postcards were written. And their youngest daughter Marie then published these lines of love.

I must also say that the wife was a morning person, and the husband was a night owl. This was partly why they never had breakfast together. Churchill once said that eating breakfast together is a test that no one can withstand. family union. They most often vacationed separately: she loved the tropics, and he preferred extreme sports.

One gets the impression that the wise wife did not flicker before her husband’s eyes, did not reshape him in her own way, but was always there when he wanted it.

And in the house, in fairness it must be said, his calling was heard very often: “Clemmie!” By the way, they also slept in different bedrooms.

Once, speaking to Oxford students, Clementine said: “Never force your husbands to agree with you. You will achieve more by continuing to calmly stick to your beliefs, and over time you will see your spouse quietly come to the conclusion that you are right.”

They plunged into crises, became poor and became rich again, but their union was never questioned, and their spiritual closeness only grew stronger over the years.

In September 1941, Clementine appealed to the British for support of the USSR:
“We are amazed by the power of the Russian resistance!” From 1941 to 1946, she, as president of the Red Cross Fund for Assistance to Russia, made the first contribution, and then members of her husband’s government did so.

At first, the Russian Assistance Fund planned to raise 1 million, but managed to collect many times more: approximately 8 million pounds sterling. There are no “unliquid goods” or second-hand goods, everything is only high-quality and the most necessary: ​​equipment for hospitals, food, clothing, prostheses for the disabled.

Just before the victory, Clementine spent a whole month and a half, from April 2 to mid-May, in the Soviet Union. She visited many cities - in particular, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don. I also visited the house-museum of A.P. Chekhov in Yalta.

Having celebrated Victory Day in Moscow, Clementine spoke on Moscow radio with an open message from Winston Churchill. For her work in helping our country, Clementine was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. She also met with Stalin, who gave her a gold ring with a diamond.

To this day, historians are perplexed why Clementine was in the Soviet Union for so long. After the war, Winston Churchill published a six-volume work on World War II, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953.

I admit that Churchill, in order not to sin against the truth, instructed his wife to look at the consequences of the war with her own eyes, because Winston trusted no one in his life more than her. She, of course, did not collect facts: others did, but her opinion was always decisive for the Prime Minister.

After her husband's death, Clementine became a member of the House of Lords and a life peer as Baroness Spencer-Churchill-Chartwell. This amazing woman died on December 12, 1977, having lived 92 years.

“My own wife was completely Sovietized. He only talks about the Soviet Red Cross, about the Red Army, about the wife of the Soviet ambassador... Can't you choose her in any of your councils? Really, she deserves it." So, in the midst of the hot battles of World War II, Winston Churchill complained to the Soviet ambassador Ivan Maisky.

In just a few years, the front of the Cold War will pass through continents, countries and... the family of the British Prime Minister.

American, British and Russian met

At a time when the hot war was already ending and the cold war had not yet begun, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill gathered to decide the fate of the world at the Yalta Conference. The son of a Georgian shoemaker, the heir of a wealthy American and a hereditary English aristocrat. Absolutely different people, but everyone went through their own natural selection on the way to power. In the memory of posterity they will remain the “Big Three” politicians.

In 1945, this triumvirate fought in a diplomatic war - to divide the world into spheres of influence.

At the initiative of Prime Minister Churchill, the meeting in Yalta was given the code name "Argonaut". It was the Argonauts, who sailed to the Black Sea for the Golden Fleece, that he and Roosevelt saw as members of the Anglo-American delegation.

However, Winston Churchill was not the only representative of his family to visit the peninsula. His wife Clementine also visited here. In Crimea - and also in Leningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Odessa, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk. The founder of the fund for assistance to Soviet Russia, she even celebrated Victory Day on May 9 in Moscow.

Of course, there is a “conspiracy theory” that Clementine was in Russia not at the call of her soul, but with a secret order from Winston Churchill - to look closely, listen and distract the thoughts of Comrade Stalin from the British preparing for a future sharp change of course (after all, already in 1947 Churchill, in the tradition English decency, began to insist that the United States carry out nuclear bombing USSR, and in that same May hatched the insane operation “Unthinkable”, which scheduled for July 1, 1945 the beginning of offensive military operations of the Western allies against the USSR with the participation of 10-12 German divisions).

However, their daughter Sarah would later write this in her memoirs: « Father's post-war course cold war Mom did not support the Soviet Union and was glad of his resignation... After her trips, she treated Russia differently than her father. Mom did not believe that a country that had suffered so much and lost so much could want to continue. Mom insisted that Russia wants peace, peace and only peace.”

Women's history

Clementine Hozier from the noble Scottish family of Airlie, the future Mrs. Churchill, was 11 years younger than Winston. She spoke German and French fluently, had a sharp mind and a subtle sense of humor, and was interested in politics. The family was not rich, and Clementine gave private lessons.

By the age of 23 - the moment they met Churchill - the girl had already broken off three engagements.

It might not have worked out with Winston either. When they first met at the ball, he was embarrassed to ask her to dance. They both didn’t want to go to the second one for “very good reasons”: he was too lazy to leave the hot bath, and Clementine didn’t know what to wear - she simply didn’t have a fashionable dress.

Six months after they met, Winston Churchill decided to marry Miss Hozier, but... he just couldn’t muster the strength. To explain, he invited her to Blenheim Palace, the family estate of the Dukes of Marlborough. Everyone, and even Clementine herself, understood that she should return from a walk in the garden in the status of a bride.

But they sat on the bench for more than half an hour, and there was no offer. Clementine later described how she watched the beetle move as slowly as Churchill himself: “I thought that if the beetle crawled to that joint and Winston did not propose, then he would never propose.”

A brilliant orator and decisive politician clumsily, but still revealed his feelings to Clementine. Perhaps this was his worst and most successful speech at the same time. As he would write in his memoirs decades later: “I got married in September 1908 and have lived happily ever since.”

Clementine bore him five children - four girls and a boy. One of the daughters died in childhood.

The Churchills lived together for 57 years. Of course, they had differences. Once, speaking to Oxford students, Clementine said: “Never force your husbands to agree with you. You will achieve more by continuing to calmly stick to your beliefs, and over time you will see your spouse quietly come to the conclusion that you are right.”

In the early 1940s, as Churchill began to experience his “success-induced dizziness,” Clementine wrote her husband a sobering letter that began, “You are simply impossible.” In it, she pointed out how difficult it had become to communicate with Winston, that he did not pay attention to those around him, and urged him to be more attentive to people.

Of course, Clementine Churchill supported her husband, but she had own opinion, character and tried to implement them for the good.

Clementine and the Russians

Fund for Russian Relief of the British Red Cross and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem was created by Clementine Churchill in September 1941.

« I was terribly worried about the great drama that played out in your country immediately after Hitler’s attack,” the USSR Ambassador to Great Britain Ivan Maisky quotes Mrs. Churchill in her memoirs. - I was wondering how we could help you. At that time, the question of a second front was widely discussed in England. I once received a letter from a group of women whose husbands and sons served in English army. They insisted on opening a second front. I then thought: “If these women demand a second front, that is, they are ready to risk the lives of their loved ones, then we must immediately help Russia.”

I showed the letter I received to my husband. He replied that the second front was still very far away. This greatly alarmed me, and I began to think that this could be done now, immediately, to help your country? Then the idea of ​​the Red Cross Foundation came to my mind.”.

In September 1941, Clementine Churchill made the first contribution, setting an example for members of her husband's government. And she appealed to the nation to support the Soviet Union: “There is not a single person in our country who would not be deeply moved by the terrible drama now happening in Russia. We are amazed by the power of the Russian resistance."

As she herself wrote later, the response to her call “was instantaneous and unprecedented in strength. At first, we set a goal to raise a million (in today’s money - close to one hundred million, - Red.) pounds, although at the time it seemed a little unrealistic. Within a few months, the initial goal was achieved.”

In total, over the years of its work, the Russian Assistance Fund has supplied approximately 8 million pounds sterling to the USSR. He helped with medicines, hospital equipment, surgical instruments, x-ray machines, food, clothing, blankets, prosthetics for the disabled and much more. There are no “illiquid goods”, everything is only high-quality and the most necessary.

Towards the end of the war, Clementine Churchill conceived a project to symbolize the solidarity of the two countries during the Second World War. As a result, two military hospitals appeared in Rostov-on-Don, which were fully staffed by the foundation she headed. Reminds me of this today .

Just before the victory, Clementine spent a month and a half, from April 2 to mid-May, in the Soviet Union, calling the visit to the country “one of the most inspiring and exciting moments in my life.”

On Victory Day, she spoke on Moscow radio with an open message from her husband Winston Churchill.

During her stay in the Soviet Union, the wife of the English Prime Minister met with Joseph Stalin several times. During one of these meetings, he gave her a gold ring with a diamond. So part of the Soviet mineral resources still went to British imperialism. However, not for long: information about it is lost, as, apparently, is the gift itself.

Volumes have been written about him, and he himself has told a lot about himself. But today we are not talking about him, or rather not only about him. In this world there was that woman who had been next to him for fifty-seven years. This is his wife Clementine Churchill, née Heuser, from the noble Scottish family of Airlie.

She was born on April 1, 1885 and was 11 years younger than Winston. Clementine spoke fluent German and French, had a sharp mind and a subtle sense of humor, and was interested in politics. The family was not rich, and Clementine gave French lessons. But at 23 years old, the girl was also picky; she ruined as many as three engagements.

And Churchill at this time, having already settled down a little, apparently decided that the time had come to get married. But Winston was one of those people whose shortcomings were immediately visible, and whose merits were discovered a little later. And although he already had rich life experience, with women Winston was a bear to a bear: no beautiful courtship, no compliments.

He was, above all, a warrior and too straightforward to be considered a gentleman. And over the past two years he has already received three refusals. In addition, the brides understood that the main woman for this candidate would always be Her Majesty Politics.

Let us not dredge up the past of those unfortunates who could not discern such a wonderful match in this wayward and vain gentleman.

And once again Churchill almost made a mistake. The fact is that he was invited to a reception with a lady who ten years ago helped the young lieutenant become part of the Sudanese expedition. Winston didn’t want to go, but thanks to the fact that the secretary shamed his boss, he still got an appointment with Lady St. Helier, who turned out to be Clementine’s aunt.

The niece, they write, also did not want to attend the reception, since she did not have a fashionable dress at that time. But the sky decreed - and they met! This happened in March 1908. It turns out that fate had already brought them together four years ago at the same ball, but since Churchill did not yet know how to dance, the beauty was then taken away from him by a certain nimble gentleman.

Already in August of the same year, he proposed to Clementine. The groom was very extravagant and unique for that time, and therefore Clementine almost refused again! But it still happened: on August 15, 1908, then Deputy Minister Churchill announced his wedding.

High society issued a summary: this marriage will last six months, no more, and the marriage will fall apart simply because Churchill is absolutely not created for family life.

But it turned out differently: they lived 57 years in love and fidelity!

Roy Jenkins wrote: "It is simply phenomenal that Winston and Clementine - those offspring of flighty ladies - created one of the most famous marriages in the history of the world, famous for both its happiness and its fidelity."

Churchill's biographers write that he was often lucky, but most of all he was lucky with his wife!

And family life began. What did he do: wrote books, learned to fly an airplane, spent nights in casinos, losing and winning back entire fortunes, led the political life of the country, drank an excessive amount of whiskey, smoked Havana cigars endlessly, devoured kilograms of dishes!

But Clementine did not try to curb her husband, correct his shortcomings and remake his character, as a less intelligent woman would have tried to do. She accepted him as he was.

The uncompromising and stubborn politician became a meek young man near his wife. And she became his comrade-in-arms, first adviser and loyal friend. Yes, it was not easy for her with him, but she was never bored with him.

Churchill talked a lot, never listening to anyone and sometimes without even hearing. So she found a wonderful way to communicate with him. The wife wrote letters to her husband. In total, about 1,700 letters and postcards were written. And their youngest daughter Marie later published these lines of love.

I must also say that the wife was a morning person, and the husband was a night owl. This was partly why they never had breakfast together. Churchill once said that eating breakfast together is a test that no family unit can withstand. They most often vacationed separately: she loved the tropics, and he preferred extreme sports.

One gets the impression that the wise wife did not flicker before her husband’s eyes, did not reshape him in her own way, but was always there when he wanted it.

And in the house, in fairness it must be said, his calling was heard very often: “Clemmie!” By the way, they also slept in different bedrooms.

Once, speaking to Oxford students, Clementine said: “Never force your husbands to agree with you. You will achieve much more by continuing to calmly stick to your beliefs, and over time you will see your spouse quietly come to the conclusion that you are right.”

They plunged into crises, became poor and became rich again, but their union was never questioned, and their spiritual closeness only grew stronger over the years.

In September 1941, Clementine appealed to the British for support of the USSR: “We are amazed by the power of the Russian resistance!” From 1941 to 1946, she, as president of the Red Cross Fund for Assistance to Russia, made the first contribution, and then members of her husband’s government did so.

At first, the Russian Assistance Fund planned to raise 1 million, but managed to collect many times more: approximately 8 million pounds sterling. There are no “unliquid goods” or second-hand goods, everything is only high-quality and the most necessary: ​​equipment for hospitals, food, clothing, prostheses for the disabled.

Just before the victory, Clementine was in the Soviet Union for a whole month and a half, from April 2 to mid-May. She visited many cities - in particular, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don. I also visited the house-museum of A.P. Chekhov in Yalta.

Having celebrated Victory Day in Moscow, Clementine spoke on Moscow radio with an open message from Winston Churchill. For her work in helping our country, Clementine was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. She also met with Stalin, who gave her a gold ring with a diamond.

To this day, historians are perplexed why Clementine was in the Soviet Union for so long. After the war, Winston Churchill published a six-volume work on World War II, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953.

I admit that Churchill, in order not to sin against the truth, instructed his wife to look at the consequences of the war with her own eyes, because Winston trusted no one in his life more than her. She, of course, did not collect facts: others did, but her opinion was always decisive for the Prime Minister.

After her husband's death, Clementine became a member of the House of Lords and a life peer as Baroness Spencer-Churchill-Chartwell. This amazing woman died on December 12, 1977, having lived 92 years.

This marriage was predicted to last no more than a year - they said that Churchill was not created for family life. But union of Winston Churchill and Clementine Hozier lasted 57 years! One of the most outstanding politicians XX century, Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill was often confused in the presence of ladies, did not know how to look after people beautifully, and was clumsy and timid. Three times he received refusals in response to his marriage proposal, and only Clementine finally agreed and never regretted it.

Lady Clementine Churchill is the devoted and loving life partner of the greatest politician in the West, Sir Winston Churchill, who wrote in his biography: “My marriage was the happiest and most joyful event of my entire life” 1. It is undoubtedly difficult to be the wife of a great politician living in a whirlwind public life And political struggle. But no matter what Mrs. Churchill did, her meaning was her husband, his interests and career. Clementine’s constant care and attention helped one of the most extraordinary personalities of the twentieth century to endure all the difficulties and vicissitudes political career.

On September 1, 1939, the Second World War began World War, and two days later France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. In 1940, Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain. He makes a dramatic speech in the House of Commons: “I have nothing to offer you but blood, hardship and tears. You ask: what is our goal? I will answer in one word - victory<…>We cannot survive without her, and, frankly speaking, we will not survive without her. British Empire and everything that she represents. If we don't win, we'll have to say goodbye to our way of life<…>I have now been given the right to demand help from all of you, and I say to you: come, everyone, and together we will go to victory” 2.

The entire family of the Prime Minister is demonstrating extraordinary resilience and fortitude at this time. Son Randolph, with the rank of major, was on active duty military service in the Middle East, daughter Sarah served in the Women's Auxiliary Air Corps, daughter Mary with the rank junior officer was at the end of the war along with its anti-aircraft batteries in Western Europe 3 .

An ardent supporter of Winston Churchill, Clementine headed the War Fund, created by the Young Women's Christian Association, which organized dormitories, soup kitchens, rest homes and other institutions for women soldiers and workers employed in munitions factories far from home. She makes numerous trips to hostels and factories, areas that were subjected to fascist bombing. Mrs. Churchill also runs a society organized by the wives of junior commanders. Working in this organization, she pays a lot of attention to caring for the wives and families of front-line soldiers.

On the streets of London destroyed by bombing, one could meet Churchill, accompanied by his wife, talking with people, visiting the wounded, trying to help children and the lonely.

On June 22, 1941, Hitler attacked the Soviet Union. Long roads our country was on its way to victory. Among those who wanted to help the suffering population of the USSR was Great Britain.

Already in July 1941, the National Anglo-Soviet Foundation was organized medical care(which included, among others, the writer D. Priestley, the leader of the Liberal Party D. Lloyd George, the famous sculptor Jacob Epstein) and the Anglo-Soviet Friendship Committee. In September and October, the Women's Anglo-Soviet Committee (with the participation of the writer Cecile Chesterton) and the Fund for the Alleviation of the Condition of Women and Children of Soviet Russia, headed by the Countess of Attola and with the active participation of Lord Horder, were created, famous doctor. At the end of 1941, the Five Arts Fund appeared, collecting gifts for the Red Army. The president of the foundation was famous actress Sybil Thorndike, and among the activists there were such famous people, like Vivien Leigh, Laurence Olivier, Michael Redgrave, Margot Fonteyn and others 4.

Undoubtedly, the most important and largest organization in England during the war was the Russian Aid Fund, created in October 1941 and headed by Mrs. Churchill. It was often referred to colloquially as "Mrs Churchill's Fund".

I.M. wrote in his memoirs about the reasons that prompted Mrs. Churchill to head this particular foundation. Maisky, USSR Ambassador to Great Britain from 1932 to 1943.

I was terribly worried,” she said (K. Churchill - Author), “the great drama that played out in your country immediately after Hitler’s attack. I was wondering how we could help you. At that time, the question of a second front was widely discussed in England. I once received a letter from a group of women whose husbands and sons served in the English army. They insisted on opening a second front. I then thought: “If these women demand a second front, that is, they are ready to risk the lives of their loved ones, then we must immediately help Russia.” I showed the letter I received to my husband. He replied that the second front was still very far away. This greatly alarmed me, and I began to think that this could be done now, immediately, to help your country? Then the idea of ​​the Red Cross Foundation came to my mind” 5 .

Mrs. Churchill's idea of ​​a “Russian Assistance Fund” met with the warmest sympathy from her husband and very quickly turned into reality. The entire administrative and propaganda apparatus of the government was immediately placed at her service. In the first two years of the war alone, this fund raised about two and a half million pounds.

Further I.M. Maisky wrote: “... there is no doubt that Mrs. Churchill was sincerely passionate about the work of her foundation and did everything she could to help Soviet Union. Under the date March 16, 1942, I find the following entry: “Churchill spoke with admiration about the Red Army and noted the enormous growth in sympathy and prestige of the USSR in England. With a laugh he added:

What has it come to! My own wife is completely Sovietized... All she talks about is the Soviet Red Cross, the Red Army...

And then, with a sly sparkle in his eyes, Churchill said:

Can you choose her in any of your tips? Really, she deserves it." 6

Yes, Lady Churchill deserves enormous gratitude for her work in helping the Soviet Union. The amounts collected by her fund by April 1945 amounted to 6 million 700 thousand pounds sterling. 42 shipments of medical equipment and medicines were sent to the USSR 7 .

On April 2, 1945, at the invitation of the Soviet government and the Executive Committee of the SOKK and Communist Party of the USSR, she arrived in Moscow. Speaking to the crowd at the airport, Clementine Churchill said: “This is one of the most inspiring and exciting moments of my life. I have long wanted to visit your great country, because long years war, I, my countrymen and women have followed with admiration, respect, awe, wonder and love the great efforts of your wonderful army and all your men and women."

A few days later, Clementine Churchill was invited to a meeting of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR. The meeting was also attended by the representative of the SOKK and the Communist Party of the USSR in London, Professor S.A. Sarkisov, Head of the Main Sanitary Department Soviet army E.I. Smirnov, Chief Surgeon of the Army. N.N. Burdenko and others. Expressing gratitude, Chairman of the Soviet Red Cross S.A. Kolesnikov presented Mrs. Churchill with the gold badge “Excellent in Sanitary Defense” 9 for her active work in helping the Soviet Red Cross.

Lady Churchill spent more than a month in the Soviet Union, visited Leningrad, was in the Caucasus and in Crimea, Kursk and other cities. She became acquainted with the work of medical, children's and cultural institutions with great interest and attention. In Stalingrad and Rostov-on-Don, she saw hospitals equipped with funds from the English people.

Mrs. Churchill was personally received by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR I.V. Stalin. Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR N.M. Shvernik presented her with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor 10. The Decree stated: “For outstanding services in carrying out social events to raise funds in England to help the Red Army, award the Chairman of the Committee of the “Russian Assistance Fund” Clementine Churchill with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor” 11.

After the death of Lord Churchill, Clementine becomes a member of the House of Lords and a life peer as Baroness Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell 12. Lady Churchill passed away in 1977, having outlived her husband by twelve years.

1. British ally. 1945. April 1. No. 13.
2. Winston Churchill / Translated from French. - M, 1999. p. 72.
3. British ally. 1945. April 1. No. 13.
4. Maisky I.M. Memoirs of a Soviet diplomat. 1925-1945 - M., 1971. p. 655.
5. Ibid. With. 656.
6. Ibid. With. 657.
7. British ally. 1945. April 8. No. 14.
8. News. 1945. April 3.
9. Red Star. 1945. April 7.
10. Pravda.1945. 9th May.
11. Moscow Bolshevik. 1945. April 13.
12. Winston Churchill / Translated from French. - M., 1999. p. 108.

Natalia TERNOVA, historian