Rating of cities by HIV infection. The AIDS epidemic in Russia and in the world - the scale of the problem and the role of public events in its solution

Main characteristics

At the beginning of 2017, the total number of HIV infections among Russian citizens reached 1,114,815 people ( in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN). Of these, died different reasons(not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected (according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identify and treat HIV patients”). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of July 01, 2017, the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1,167,581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in the first half of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people already died, which is 13.6% more than than for 6 months of 2016.). In 2017, the HIV infection rate of the population of the Russian Federation amounted to 795.3 HIV infected per 100,000 of the population of Russia.

In 2016, 103,438 new cases of HIV infection were detected among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has recorded an increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection, in 2011-2016 the annual increase was an average of 10%.

The incidence rate of HIV infection in 2016 was 70.6 per 100,000 population.

In terms of the rate of increase in the incidence of HIV infection, Russia has taken third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.* (V.V. Pokrovsky).

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries consider equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly enough money to screen the population for HIV.

In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected gastro workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation) /.

In the first half of 2017, 52,766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation were identified in Russia. The incidence rate of HIV infection in the first half of 2017 was 35.9 cases of HIV infection per 100,000 people.

Most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Video. Morbidity in Russia, March - May 2017.

An increase in the growth rate of new HIV infections in 2017 (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda Oblast, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov Oblasts.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016

Growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, the following regions and cities were in the lead in terms of incidence in the Russian Federation:

1. Kemerovo region(228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand of the population - a total of 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.

2. Irkutsk region(163.6% 000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were detected in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016, 2,450 new HIV-infected people were registered in the city of Irkutsk, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.

3. Samara Region(161.5% 000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8% 000).

4. Sverdlovsk region(156.9% 000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg 5,874 HIV-infected (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / Or well reveal? ed./).

5. Chelyabinsk region(154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),

Tyumen region(150.5% 000 - 2,224 people - 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period of the previous year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.

6. Tomsk region(138.0% 000 - 1,489 people),

7. Novosibirsk region(137.1% 000) regions (3,786 people), incl. in the city of Novosibirsk 3,213 HIV-infected.

8. Krasnoyarsk region(129.5% 000 - 3,716 people),

9. Perm region(125.1% 000 - 3,294 people),

10. Altai region(114.1% 000 - 2,721 people) regions,

11. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug- Ugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd inhabitant is infected),

12. Orenburg region(117.6% 000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).

13. Omsk region(110.3% 000 - 2 176 people), for 8 months of 2017 1360 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.

14. Kurgan region(110.1% 000 - 958 people),

15. Ulyanovsk region(97.2% 000 - 1,218 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).

16. Tver region(74.0% 000 - 973 people),

17. Nizhny Novgorod Region(71.1% 000 - 2,309 people) of the region, in 1 square. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).

18. Republic of Crimea(83.0% 000 - 1,943 people),

19. Khakassia(82.7% 000 - 445 people),

20. Udmurtia(75.1% 000 - 1,139 people),

21. Bashkortostan(68.3% 000 - 2,778 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).

22. Moscow city(62.2% 000 - 7 672 people)

%000 - the number of HIV-infected people per 100,000 people.

Table number 1.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP). Interactive table, sortable.

How many HIV-infected people were identified in the regions of the Russian Federation.

What is the incidence in the regions per 100 thousand population.

Table number 2.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by Russian cities (TOP). How many HIV-infected people have been identified in the cities of the Russian Federation.

Indicators of the incidence of HIV infection in the cities of the Russian Federation.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

Subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant increase (speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) in morbidity in 2016 was observed in the Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by years (1987-2016).

As of December 31, 2016, the prevalence of HIV infection in the Russian population was 594.3 per 100,000 people.

Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all subjects of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence was 795.3 per 100 thousand of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

Morbidity, prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

The most affected subjects of the Russian Federation include:

Sverdlovsk region(1,647.9%,000 people living with HIV were registered per 100,000 population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86,000 people infected with HIV), including more than 27,131 HIV-infected people registered in the city of Yekaterinburg, i.e. . every 50th inhabitant of the city is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). HIV-infected - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov.

1. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). In total, 49,494 people were identified as HIV-infected at the beginning of 2017; at the beginning of June (almost half a year) 2017, 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. In the city of Irkutsk, more than 31,818 people have been identified for all time.

2. Kemerovo region(1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.

3. Samara Region(1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),

4. Orenburg region(1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,

5. (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),

6. Leningrad region(1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),

7. Tyumen region(1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.

8. Chelyabinsk region(1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),

9. Novosibirsk region(1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017, more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people were registered in the city of Novosibirsk - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!). As of August 1, 2017, 34,879 HIV-infected people were registered in the Novosibirsk Region.

10. Perm region(950.1% 000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly heavily affected by HIV,

11. St. Petersburg(978.6% 000 - 51140 people),

12. Ulyanovsk region(932.5% 000 - 11728 people),

13. Republic of Crimea(891.4% 000 - 17000 people),

14. Altai region(852.8% 000 - 20268 people),

15. Krasnoyarsk region(836.4% 000 - 23970 people),

16. Kurgan region(744.8% 000 - 6419 people),

17. Tver region(737.5% 000 - 9622 people),

18. Tomsk region(727.4% 000 - 7832 people),

19. Ivanovo region(722.5% 000 - 7440 people),

20. Omsk region(644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16 275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate was 823.0% 000.

21. Murmansk region(638.2% 000 - 4864 people),

22. Moscow region(629.3% 000 - 46056 people),

23. Kaliningrad region(608.4% 000 - 5941 people).

24. Moscow city(413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Table number 3.

Rating of Russian regions by the prevalence of HIV infection among the population. The number of HIV-infected people identified in different territories of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100,000 population of the region represented.

Age structure

The highest level of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group of 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years old lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection.

Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has changed radically.

In 2000, 87% of patients were diagnosed with HIV before the age of 30.

Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2000, as a result of an annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and sex of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected among Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the proportion of young people aged 20-30 years decreased to 23.2%.

An increase in the proportion of newly detected cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that with a low level of testing of adolescents and young people, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years.

According to preliminary data the largest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) were registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk Territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases in girls, 61% in boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients”.

The highest annual mortality was registered in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, Kemerovo region, Republic of Bashkortostan, Ulyanovsk region, Republic of Adygea, Tambov region, Chukotka autonomous region, Chuvash Republic, Samara Region, Primorsky Territory, Tula region, Krasnodar, Perm region, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

In 2016, 675,403 HIV-infected patients were registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations, which accounted for 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients in prisons.

In the first half of 2017, 298,888 patients received antiretroviral therapy, and about 100,000 new patients were added for therapy in 2017 (there will most likely not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was according to the figures of 2016).

Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

The achieved treatment coverage does not play the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016, 30,752,828 blood samples from Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens were tested for HIV in Russia.

The total number of tested serum samples of Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, while among foreign citizens it decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive results in the immunoblot in Russians over the entire history of observation was revealed - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results).

The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV.

Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected.

When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% of HIV-positive people were detected for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during the epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

Transmission path structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection has grown significantly.

According to preliminary data, among those newly identified in 2016 HIV-positive with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected through drug use with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - through heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - through homosexual contacts, 0.45 % - were children infected - from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and during breastfeeding.

The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, in 2014 - 41 children.

In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when blood components were transfused from donors to recipients.

Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by means of infection.

conclusions

• In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to worsen, and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, began to decline.

• The incidence of HIV infection remains high, the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people are increasing, the epidemic has intensified its transition from vulnerable groups of the population to the general population.

• If the current pace of the spread of HIV infection persists and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.

Radical actions of the Government of Russia are required to stop trafficking, distribution of drugs and, the most difficult thing, to change the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (clamps are wonderful, but the number of people practicing abstinence and practicing with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is one and it is impossible to change, p .e requires the development of drug methods of pre-exposure prophylaxis with minimal side effects (drank a pill and do what you want)).

V.V. Pokrovsky on the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV / AIDS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=74&v=kUmU8m31dqw

HIV statistics in the worldhelps to keep track of how many suffer from this disease and look for more effective ways fight him.

HIV

HIV infection is a disease caused by the immunodeficiency virus. The disease belongs to the category of slowly progressive. It affects the immune system, as a result of which it develops. The body loses its defenses and ability to resist disease.

How many live with the immunodeficiency virus? StatisticsHIV shows that on average no more than 11 years. In the AIDS stage - 9 months. If the patient turns to doctors in a timely manner and undergoes antiviral therapy, then it can be 70–80 years old.

The health status of the patient is also important. A healthy person is more likely to long life and successful therapy.

The virus is transmitted by a single contact of the damaged skin or mucous membrane with the patient's biofluids: blood, semen, vaginal secretions. Infection is transmitted:

• during unprotected
• with manicure (through non-disinfected instruments);
• during the period and at (from mother to child);
• when (if the medical staff violates the rules of blood testing);
• while taking a dose of injecting drugs (through syringes and needles);
• while breastfeeding.

The virus is not able to be transmitted through tears, saliva, insect bites, household and airborne droplets.

Data for different countries

Most at risk are people who inject drugs.

Cases of sickness among health workers were also recorded. HIV statistics show that the risk of infection in this category of the population is also high. In the United States alone, more than a hundred cases have been reported over the past few years, 57 of which have been proven.

Indicators for Russia

According to the Ministry of Health, the HIV statistics in our country are shocking. There is a real epidemic in Russia. In terms of the growth rate of the number of sick people, the Russian Federation will soon approach those of Africa. The statistics of HIV infection in Russia allows us to conclude that 57% of infections occur among heroin addicts through dirty syringes.

FROM HIV statistics by yearsreflects the number of people who have died from AIDS and are still living with the immunodeficiency virus:

HIV incidence statistics by region go off scale where the largest drug distribution channels pass. Most of the sick citizens in 2016 were in the Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Samara regions. Here, for every 100,000 population, there are at least 1.5 thousand patients.

The chart shows HIV statistics by region, showing the 10 regions with the highest a large number sick.

HIV statistics in Russia suggests that the most infected people are in the Irkutsk region. In addition to those listed on the diagram, the most affected include Moscow, Tomsk, Ivanovo, Omsk, Murmansk regions, Altai region. The same applies to SPB.

From HIV shows growth. In 2015, 212,578 patients died. This figure is 12.9% higher than the previous year.

The number of HIV patients in Tatarstan also increased. Statistics say that in 2015, about 18,000 patients diagnosed with HIV were identified here. Every year the number of infected people increases by 1 thousand people. Mortality among those infected with the immunodeficiency virus has also increased. Also, more infected children were born.

Most carriers of the virus are people between the ages of 20 and 39. The main cause of infection is the injection of narcotic substances with dirty syringes.

Russian HIV suggests that the most a large number of The patient is between the ages of 30 and 39. The vast majority are men. Women are most often infected before the age of 35. At the same time, the number of sick teenagers and from 15 to 20 years old has decreased. The data is shown in detail as a percentage in the chart:

Ways of transmission of the disease in Russia

AT Soviet time in the first place were unprotected sex with students from Africa. Today, the statistics of those infected with HIV notes that the largest number of sick people among drug addicts is 48.8% of total number infected. They become infected when using non-sterile syringes. According to the results of studies in cities, the largest number of cases among drug addicts was registered in Moscow (12-14%), St. Petersburg (30%), Biysk (more than 70%).

The diagram shows the statistics of HIV patients, showing the main causes of infection in the USSR and modern Russia for the period from 1987 to 2016:

Indicators in the countries of the former USSR

HIV statistics in Ukraine also not comforting. In six months of 2016, 7,612 people were diagnosed. Of these, 1,365 are HIV-infected children. Statistics show that the main reason is the reduction in funding for AIDS programs.

In total, there are 287,970 patients in Ukraine today. Between 1987 and 2016, nearly 40,000 citizens died of AIDS. Ukraine is among the leaders in the spread of the disease in the world.The diagram shows which areas are most affected by HIV:

HIV statistics in Belarusrecorded 17,605 patients as of 2017. The prevalence rate is 185.2 per 100 thousand people. population. In just 2 months of 2017, 431 citizens with the immunodeficiency virus were identified. Most of the HIV-infected people are in the Gomel, Minsk and Brest regions. For the period from 1987 to 2017. 5044 people died from AIDS in Belarus.

In 2016, HIV statistics in Kazakhstan show an increase in the number of infected people. During this year, about 3 thousand carriers of the virus were identified, of which 33 patients are children under 14 years of age.

conclusions

As the HIV statistics in Russia and the CIS countries show, the epidemiological situation continues to deteriorate. Morbidity and mortality rates are very high. It is necessary to strengthen measures to counteract the disease in the country, otherwise the rate of spread will continue to grow.

The topic of the article is not the most pleasant, but “forewarned is forearmed”, the problem exists and just turning a blind eye to it is unforgivable carelessness. Travelers already often risk their health, fortunately with lesser consequences, but it’s still not worth putting yourself in danger.

South Africa

Although the country is the most developed on the African continent, the number of HIV-infected people here is a record - 5.6 million. This is despite the fact that there are 34 million patients in the world, and the population of South Africa is about 53 million, that is, more than 15% live with the virus.

What you need to know: Most HIV-infected people are blacks from disadvantaged suburbs. It is this group that is in the worst social conditions with all the ensuing consequences: drug addiction, promiscuous sex, unsanitary conditions. Most of the patients were recorded in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (the capital is Durban), Mpumalanga (Nelspraid), Freestate (Blomfontien), North-West (Mafikeng) and Gauteng (Johannesburg).

Nigeria

Here, there are 3.3 million carriers of HIV infection, although this is less than 5% of the population: Nigeria recently displaced Russia, taking 7th place in the world - 173.5 million people. AT big cities the disease is spread due to antisocial behavior, and in countryside due to constant labor migration and "free" customs and traditions.

What you need to know: Nigeria is not the most hospitable country and the Nigerians themselves are well aware of this. Therefore, the receiving party will certainly take care of safety and warn against dangerous contacts.

Kenya

The country accounts for 1.6 million infected, just over 6% of the population. At the same time, women are more likely to suffer from the disease - about 8% of Kenyans are infected. As in many African countries, the status of a woman, and hence her level of security and education, is still very low.

What you need to know: safari national park or a beach and hotel vacation in Mombasa are quite safe activities, unless, of course, on purpose, you do not look for illegal entertainment.

Tanzania

Quite a tourist-friendly country with a bunch of interesting places, is also dangerous in terms of HIV infection, although not as many other states in Africa. According to recent studies, the HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Tanzania is 5.1%. There are fewer infected men, but the gap is not as large as, for example, in Kenya.

What you need to know: Tanzania is a fairly prosperous country by African standards, so if you follow the obvious rules, the threat of infection is minimal. High, more than 10, the percentage of infected people in the Njobe region and the capital Dar es Salaam. Fortunately, both of them are far from the tourist routes, unlike Kilimanjaro or the island of Zanzibar.

Mozambique

The country is deprived not only of sights, but also of elementary infrastructure from hospitals to roads and water supply. Moreover, many consequences civil war still unresolved. Of course, an African country in this state could not avoid an epidemic: according to various estimates, from 1.6 to 5.7 people are infected - to conduct precise research the conditions just don't allow it. Due to the widespread spread of the immunodeficiency virus, foci of tuberculosis, malaria and cholera often break out.

Uganda

A country with good potential for classic safari tourism, which it is actively developing in recent times. Plus, Uganda has been and remains one of the most progressive countries in terms of HIV prevention and diagnosis in Africa. The first specialized clinic was opened here, and disease testing centers operate throughout the country.

What you need to know: risk groups are the same as everywhere else: drug addicts, former prisoners - it will not be difficult for a sane tourist not to intersect with them.

Zambia and Zimbabwe

These countries are similar in many ways, even the main attraction, they have one for two: it is located right on the border - tourists can come to it from both sides. In terms of living standards and the incidence of AIDS, the countries are also not far from each other - in Zambia there are almost a million infected, in Zimbabwe - 1.2. This is an average figure for Southern Africa - from 5% to 15% of the population.

What you need to know: there are problems with the provision of medicines, in addition, in rural areas, many self-medicate and practice useless rituals. Therefore, the disease, typical for cities, has also reached remote areas.

India

There are 2.4 million HIV-infected people here, although against the background of 1.2 billion people this does not look so frightening - less than 1%. The main risk group is sex workers. 55% of Indians with HIV-positive status live in four southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Goa, the incidence rate is far from the highest for - 0.6% of men and 0.4% of women.

What you need to know: Fortunately, HIV infection, unlike many other tropical diseases, depends indirectly on unsanitary conditions. Outright filth and tightness is a normal condition for India. The main thing, as, by the way, in any country, is to try not to appear in in public places if there are wounds and cuts on the body, do not wear open shoes in the city, and we are not even talking about dubious entertainment.

Ukraine

Eastern Europe, unfortunately, throughout recent decades showed a positive trend in the incidence of HIV / AIDS, and Ukraine consistently tops this sad list. Today, slightly more than 1% of people in the country are HIV-infected.

What you need to know: a few years ago, unprotected sex became a way to spread the disease, overtaking injections with dirty syringes. Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Odessa and Nikolaev regions are unfavorable. There are 600-700 infected per 100 thousand inhabitants. Kyiv, where tourists most often come, has an average level, and Transcarpathia has the lowest rate in the country.

USA

America is in 9th place in the world in terms of the number of carriers of HIV infection - 1.2 million people. Such a high rate in one of the most prosperous countries is due to high level drug addiction, unresolved social contradictions, active migration. And the violent, dissolute 60s were not in vain for the health of the nation. Of course, the disease is concentrated on specific groups of people who most often live not only separately from everyone, but localized, in “bad” areas.

What you need to know: here are ten cities where the percentage of HIV-positive patients is highest (desc): Miami, Baton Rouge, Jacksonville, New York, Washington DC, Memphis, Orlando, New Orleans, Baltimore.

Photo: thinkstockphotos.com, flickr.com

The word "AIDS" is known to every person on earth and implies a terrible disease, against which there is an uncontrolled drop in the level of lymphocytes in human blood. The state of the disease is the final phase of development in the body of HIV infection, leading to a lethal end. The first descriptions of the disease date back to the 80s, when physicians around the world were faced with its manifestations.

Statistics data

At present, AIDS in Russia is spreading at a tremendous pace. Statistics officially recorded the number of infected people. Their number is shocking with its zeros, namely, there are about 1,000,000 patients with HIV infection. These data were voiced by V. Pokrovsky, head of the Center for Epidemiology of the Russian Federation. Statistics say that only during the Christmas holidays in 2015, the number of people who received HIV infection corresponds to the figure of 6,000. Pokrovsky noted this data as the highest figure for all previous years.

As a rule, the problem of AIDS becomes the most discussed twice a year. The AIDS Center declared the beginning of winter (December 1) Day to fight the disease. In the first days of May, the Day of Sorrow for those who died from the "plague of the 20th century" is held. However, the topic of AIDS and HIV infection was touched upon outside of these two days. The UN statement contained information that the Russian Federation has become the world center for the spread of HIV. Especially frequent cases of the disease were registered in the Irkutsk region. It has become the generalized center of the HIV epidemic.

Such information once again confirms the process of the growth of the disease. V. Pokrovsky has repeatedly stated this, and UNAIDS documents also reported this. Dmitry Medvedev, during a meeting of the commission on health protection, confirmed the presence of cases in the country and an increase in the number of patients by 10% annually. Frightening facts came from the mouth of V. Skvortsova, who believes that in about 5 years AIDS in Russia can reach the level of 250%. These facts speak of an all-encompassing epidemic.

The percentage of cases

Discussing the problem, V. Pokrovsky argues that a typical way of infecting women is sexual intercourse. The fact is that AIDS in Russia is recorded in more than 2% of the male population aged 23 to 40 years. Of them:

• with the use of drugs - about 53%;
• sexual contact - about 43%;
• homosexual relationships - about 1.5%;
• children born to mothers with HIV infection - 2.5%.

The statistics are truly shocking in their performance.

Reasons for leadership on AIDS

Experts note two main indicators of the deterioration of the situation in this area.

• AIDS in Russia is spread by such rapidly due to the lack of programs to combat it. The fact is that in the period 2000-2004, the Russian Federation received support to overcome this problem from international fund. After the recognition of the Russian Federation as a country with high incomes, international subsidies were suspended, and domestic subsidies from the country's budget became insufficient to overcome the disease.
• The disease is progressing by such leaps and bounds due to the use of narcotic substances through the use of injections. The AIDS Center confirmed that about 54% of citizens got the disease "through a syringe."

The statistics are shocking with the mass nature of the disease. The risk of becoming HIV-infected is increasing every year. The number of deaths from this disease has also increased.

According to V. Pokrovsky, there are 205,000 people in Russia. This figure covers only surveyed segments of the population. This includes patients who are already registered as infected. According to experts' forecasts, potentially hidden carriers of HIV who do not receive treatment and are not registered with a doctor should be added to this number. In total, the figure can reach 1,500,000 people.

The most problematic area for AIDS

The AIDS statistics in Russia show how big the problem is. On the this moment the most critical is the situation covering the Irkutsk region. Chief Physician region for the fight against the disease stated that almost every 2 people out of a hundred have a confirmed HIV test. This corresponds to 1.5% of the total population of the region.

Three out of four incidents involve sexual contact between people under the age of 40. When clarifying the circumstances, it often turns out that an infected person did not even suspect that he had become a carrier of the infection and that he needed intensive treatment.

In the report of V. Pokrovsky, the following phrase was heard: “If 1% of women carrying a fetus are found to have HIV according to the results of a blood test, then epidemiologists have the right to classify the disease as a generalized epidemic.” It was this figure that was confirmed by the doctors of the Irkutsk region. The situation worsened due to the lack of a specialized center and negligent attitude to the problem of the regional governor.

Along with the Irkutsk Territory, a difficult situation is observed in 19 regions. These include areas:

• Samara;
• Sverdlovsk;
• Kemerovo;
• Ulyanovsk;
• Tyumenskaya;
• Perm region;
• Leningradskaya;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Orenburg;
• Tomsk;
• Altai region;
• Murmansk;
• Novosibirsk;
• Omsk;
• Ivanovskaya;
• Tverskaya;
• Kurgan;
• Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug.

The first place in the black list is occupied by the Sverdlovsk and Irkutsk regions, followed by Perm, followed by the Khanty-Mansiysk district, and the Kemerovo region concludes the list.

The leadership of the regions is far from encouraging. In these areas, you can pass the test anonymously at any medical institution.

AIDS: the cost of treatment

If anonymous testing in most cases is free, then the treatment itself will require significant investments. The pricing policy of pharmaceutical companies in the field of antiretroviral therapy in our country is quite tough. So, when comparing prices, it can be noted that the course of treatment in African countries is equal to 100 dollars, in India it will be from 250 to 300 dollars, but in Russia you should pay about 2000 dollars for it. Such an amount for many residents of the country is unbearable.

The statistics indicate that last year only slightly more than 30% of the sick population was able to access antiretroviral care. Cause this fact are inflated prices set by drug suppliers.

If it turns out that the partner is HIV-infected, it is urgent to pass the test. AIDS is a dangerous, deadly disease, so delay in examination can end badly for the patient.

1. For the first time, the people of the planet learned about the disease only 3 decades ago.
2. The most insidious strain is HIV 1.
3. Compared to the original virus, today's HIV has become more adaptable and tougher.
4. In the 80s, the disease sounded like a synonym for a death sentence.
5. The first case of infection was recorded by doctors in the Congo.
6. Many experts are of the opinion that recycling syringes has led to such a rapid spread of the disease.
7. The first person to open the list of those who became infected and died from AIDS was a teenager from It happened in 1969.
8. In America, the first spreader of the disease is considered homosexual Steward Dugas, who died of HIV in 1984.
9. List famous people of the world who have died from the virus can be read with tears in their eyes. The disease claimed the lives of Arthur Asche, Freddie Mercury, Magic Johnson and many others.
10. The case of Noushon Williams, who, knowing about his infection, deliberately infected his partners, is considered egregious, for which he received a prison sentence.
11. Do not despair if our the immune system able to resist disease. So, out of 300 people, the body of one copes with the disease on its own. This means that our body includes a gene that can protect us from the virus, and it will be possible to hope that soon a terrible diagnosis will not mean a death sentence.

Last week it became known that every 50th inhabitant of Yekaterinburg is infected with HIV. Today, the Ministry of Health officially announced that an increased level of the spread of the disease is observed in 10 regions, including Sverdlovsk region. Life found out which regions of the country are most likely to contract a deadly disease.

On November 2, Tatyana Savinova, First Deputy Head of the Health Department of the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, announced a pandemic of the immunodeficiency virus in the Ural capital. According to her, the disease is firmly rooted in all segments of the city's population and the spread of the disease no longer depends on risk groups. In total, 26,693 cases of HIV infection were registered in Yekaterinburg, but this includes only officially famous cases so the actual incidence is much higher.

Later, the city health department informed about the epidemic, and the refutation was made by herself Savinova. According to her, on P press conference, journalists asked her a question about the situation in Yekaterinburg. And in response she just " voiced the data broadcast in the media."

Of course, for us, physicians, this has long been an HIV epidemic, since many people are sick in Yekaterinburg, the official said. - It didn't happen yesterday and nothing has been officially announced.

Today, the head of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Veronika Skvortsova, that an increased level of the spread of HIV disease has been recorded in 10 regions Russia.

In our country, 57% of all sources of HIV infection are the injection route, as a rule, among heroin addicts, she added.

Meanwhile, according to experts, it is really high time to declare the epidemic officially, moreover, on a national scale.

The epidemic is spreading throughout the country, and only one administrator had the courage (the administration of one region. - Approx. ed.) admit it. There is unevenness: the population of cities is more affected. And where urban population higher than rural, there is just the percentage of those affected is higher. This is the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia. These are signs of the general epidemic which at us goes, - Life reported. Director of the Federal methodological center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Deputy Director of the Central Institute of Epidemiology Vadim Pokrovsky.

To prove what was said, the head of the center cited figures.

Now we have 1% of the population infected with HIV, and in the age group of 30-40 years - 2.5%. On the day we register a total of 270 new cases of HIV infection in the country, every day 50-60 people die from AIDS. What else is needed to talk about the epidemic? asked Pokrovsky.

In Yekaterinburg, the situation with HIV is not even the worst. Every 50th inhabitant of the city (2% of the population) is infected there. But in Tolyatti (Samara region), as told by p Head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS Vadim Pokrovsky,already 3% of the population are HIV-positive.

On the Life map, you can find your region and see how many cases are among your fellow countrymen.

The share of HIV-infected people in the total number of inhabitants of the region

As you can see, the epidemic covered Russia unevenly. Half of all those infected live in 20 of the 85 regions. The worst situation is in the Irkutsk and Samara regions (1.8% of the inhabitants are infected with HIV). In third place is the Sverdlovsk region, the capital of which is Yekaterinburg (1.7% of the inhabitants are infected with HIV).

Slightly fewer infected in the Orenburg region (1.4%), Leningrad region(1.3%), Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1.3%).

And here are the statistics on the mortality of HIV-infected people by region (data from the Federal AIDS Center, dated 2014, no more recent statistics yet).

As of December 31, 2014 in Russia 148,713 HIV-positive adults and 683 children died. In 2014, 24.4 thousand HIV-positive people died.

Pokrovsky explained why HIV "selected" these regions:

These are the regions where drug trafficking took place, for example, the Orenburg region. As well as materially prosperous parts of the country where drugs were easier to sell (Irkutsk and Sverdlovsk regions).

Yekaterinburg Mayor Yevgeny Roizman also said that the majority of HIV-positive people became infected due to drugs.

I started talking about it in 1999,” he said. - Of those addicts who passed through my hands, the guys are heroin addicts, of which 40% were HIV-positive. The girls are heroin addicts, if without HIV infection, it was an event. Moreover, they were all, as a rule, also prostitutes. Then, when what was called a crocodile started, everyone there was HIV-infected. They could buy disposable syringes, but they recruited from one bowl. Now there is a sexual spread. Indeed, we are ahead of the whole of Russia. The situation in the Sverdlovsk region is worse than in Yekaterinburg. Ahead of all of Russia - this was due to drug addiction, - said Evgeny Roizman.

Vadim Pokrovsky stressed that among the main problems in this area is the lack of medicines.

Now we need to treat a little more than 800 thousand HIV-infected people. 220,000 have died, and, according to estimates, another 500,000 have not yet been diagnosed with us,” Pokrovsky noted.

Previously Pokrovsky, which is bad with prevention.

The regions do not strategic programs the fight against AIDS, says Vadim Pokrovsky. - As a result, they will print and hang several posters and flyers. This is where prevention ends.

It turns out a vicious circle.

People do not even suspect how difficult the situation with HIV is in Russia, Vadim Pokrovsky notes. - Information is the main method of combating the spread of the disease. In addition, it also saves costs, because what less people becomes infected, the less then it will have to be treated.