Sentences with main members of the sentence are examples. Cards The main members of the sentence Russian language simulator (Grade 2) on the topic

The members of the sentence are those parts of the sentence that carry a certain semantic load. The members of the sentence perform different functions. One member of the sentence is expressed by one word or phrase.

Why you need to know about the members of the proposal

In the school curriculum in the Russian language, the analysis of a sentence by its members is studied. But, without having studied all the members of the sentence, without learning to determine the type of sentence, its prevalence and all its members, it is impossible to parse.

Learning begins with the essentials

As in any business, there is always the main and the secondary, so in the proposal there is its basis and members of the proposal that explain it. Here they are:

1. subject,
2. predicate,
3. addition,
4. definition
5. circumstance.

The main function in the proposal is performed subject and predicate everything else is secondary information. Thus, the proposal has major and minor members.

Subject denotes an object, person or phenomenon that or which performs the main actions.

Predicate contains information about who or what the subject is and what action it performs.

The presence of both members in the sentence indicates a complete grammatical basis. If there is only one such predicative unit in a sentence, the sentence will be called "simple". If there are two or more such bases, then the sentence becomes complex.

Additional information - minor members of the sentence

Three minor members carry by no means an important informational essence in the proposal. They complement the content of the sentence, which carries the grammatical basis of the sentence. They play an important role in understanding the meaning of the entire text. The first one is an addition. It indicates those objects with which various manipulations are performed. The definition names the features of the objects referred to in the sentence. It can refer to subject and object. In addition, it is necessary to know who is performing the actions, what kind of person he is. I would like to know where, when and why everything happens. The circumstance answers these questions in the sentence.

How a proposal is parsed

To parse a sentence into members, you need to follow a simple algorithm. It consists in the following: first they find the grammatical basis of the sentence. Ask nominative questions "who?" and what?". This will be the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun, a pronoun, or the initial form of a verb.

You can find the predicate by asking the age-old question that Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky thought about: “What to do?”. It is very suitable for that member of the sentence, which is expressed by such an interesting morphological unit as the verb. By emphasizing the subject with one line, and the predicate with two, you can analyze further. You should be careful when parsing, as there are sentences with one main member, subject or predicate.

Now you need to clarify the main

Finding all the minor members of a sentence will become easier if you know what part of speech they are usually expressed in. An object is a noun or its substitute pronoun in five cases (excluding the nominative). Such cases are called indirect. Definitions are expressed by adjectives, participles, pronouns and answer the questions: “what?” and "whose?". An adverb, a gerund, a noun and an indefinite form of a verb in a sentence perform the function of a circumstance if they answer the questions: how, where, where, where, for what reason. We underline the additions with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, the circumstance with a dotted line.

Special cases

Sentences with homogeneous members of the sentences are original. Homogeneous therefore have such a name because they mean the same thing, which means that it should be noted that homogeneous members answer the same question.

Words and phrases that make up a simple sentence (members of a sentence) perform various functions in its formal and semantic organization.

First of all, they differ main and secondary sentence members.

Main members - this is sentence members, which form the grammatical center of the sentence, its grammatical basis. In two-part sentences, this subject and predicate, in one-component - main member one-part proposal.

Minor members - this is sentence members, not included in the grammatical basis and extending ("explaining") or the main members of the sentence, or other minor members.

Subject

Subject - the main member of a two-part sentence, which denotes the subject of speech, grammatically correlates with the predicate, does not depend on other members of the sentence and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Subject can denote a person, animate or inanimate object, phenomenon or concept: From the tent, surrounded by a crowd of pets, comes Pete £ (A. Pushkin); Arrival rich neighbor is an important era for the villagers (A. Pushkin).

Ways of expressing the subject

Nominative case of a noun

Nominative pronoun

Other parts of speech used in the meaning of a noun

numeral

Indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)

Syntactically complete phrases

Phraseological (stable) combinations

A whole sentence can also be in the subject position.

The predicate, its types and ways of expression

Predicate - the main member of the sentence, which denotes the action, attribute, quality, state of the object named by the subject, grammatically depends on the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what is the subject? what happens to him? who is he? what is he? and under.

Predicate has not only a lexical meaning, i.e. names the action, sign, state, property, quality of the subject that is designated by the subject, but also expresses the grammatical meaning of mood and time (that is, the main grammatical meaning of the sentence is predicativity).

Lexical (real) and grammatical meanings predicate can be expressed together (in one component) or separately (in two components). According to this predicates are divided into simple and composite.

Simple called predicate, in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed by one component. Simple predicate can only be verbal, since only the verb has mood forms and, simultaneously with the lexical meaning, is able to express the grammatical meaning.

AT composite predicate lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed by different components. It consists of auxiliary part, expressing grammatical meaning, and basic part expressing lexical meaning. Depending on what part of speech the main part of the predicate is expressed, the compound predicate may be verbal and nominal.

Ways of expressing a simple verbal predicate

Verb in indicative, imperative, or conditional mood

Infinitive (in the meaning of the indicative mood)

Stable combinations of the verb type that have the same meaning

Truncated and interjectional verb forms (in the meaning of the indicative mood): jump, grab, knock, talk, tyutyu, no gu-gu etc.

Note. The infinitive in the meaning of the indicative mood, as well as truncated and interjectional verb forms, are characteristic mainly of colloquial speech and are reflected in fiction.

Complicated forms of a simple verbal predicate

Simple verb predicate, while remaining simple, maybe complicated particles or repeat, which add additional shades of meaning to the predicate: the unexpectedness of the action, the duration and completeness of the action, etc.: Let them condemn, curse, but here I am to spite everyone take it and die... (A. Chekhov)(verb particle I will take and adds a touch of surprise to the action); Winters waited, waited nature (A. Pushkin)(repetition indicates the duration of the action); Perhaps, wait wait, as if not to hesitate (N. Gogol).

Such predicates are always expressive and stylistically colored (the main area of ​​their use is colloquial speech).

Compound verb predicate

Compound verb predicate has the following structure: auxiliary part + infinitive.

The auxiliary part uses auxiliary in the form of one of the moods, expressing the grammatical meaning, and in the main part - infinitive(or a stable combination of a verb type in the form of an infinitive), which expresses a lexical meaning, i.e. directly names the action: He is a cooling word on the lips tried to keep(A. Pushkin); Entering the hall, I hid in a crowd of men and started doing their own observations (= observe) (M. Lermontov).

In addition to the grammatical meaning of mood and tense, auxiliary verbs also express additional meanings: 1) the beginning, end or continuation of the action, i.e. phases of action (such verbs are called phase: start, become(= start), continue, finish, stop etc.; 2) desirability / undesirability, possibility / impossibility, expediency / inexpediency, etc. of action, as well as inclination, habituality, emotional attitude to action (such verbs are called modal, they express the relation of the agent to the action): to want, to be able, to wish, to aspire, to try, to try, to decide, to love, to be afraid and etc.:

1) Meanwhile, Princess Mary stopped singing(M. Lermontov); Natasha started to calm down... (L. Tolstoy); From the hot rays of the sun began to melt snow (M. Prishvin).

2) I I don't want to be sad nothing to you (A. Pushkin); Don't dare or something, alien commanders tear up uniforms about Russian bayonets? (M. Lermontov); We love to listen sometimes the passions of others are a rebellious language (A. Pushkin); I myself trying by the fire in parts a snowflake take apart(N. Matveeva).

In the auxiliary part, instead of modal verbs, verbal phraseological units and stable verb-nominal phrases with a modal meaning can also be used: burn with desire, have a habit, have the right, make a promise, intend, be able and under.

For example: I know Ivan Nikiforovich very well and I can say that he even had no intention (= didn't intend) marry(N. Gogol); Now at least have the opportunity (= can) object if something goes wrong (V. Veresaev); I'm already gave yourself word (= promised) more don't play with him (L. Tolstoy).

Instead of verbs and verb phraseological units in the auxiliary part compound verb predicate other parts of speech (with a modal meaning) are possible in combination with a linking verb to be(in the present tense, the link is omitted, i.e. has zero fort):

1) adjectives (usually short): glad, ready, obliged, compelled, must, agree and etc.: Tell jokes and he much, because now who is not joking! (A. Griboyedov); In a few days must I was to find himself in the middle of my family (A. Pushkin);

2) nouns master, craftswoman, hunter, lover: He was a joker(M. Lermontov); Fetinya, as you can see, was a master of whipping feather beds (N. Gogol);

3) adverbs and adverbial combinations, as well as the category of state (in one-part impersonal sentences) with a modal meaning: right, not averse, able, necessary, able, possible, impossible and under.: Unable to Lensky demolish impact (A. Pushkin); I think he was able
fulfill in fact, what he was talking about jokingly (M. Lermontov); to me need on someone pray(B. Okudzhava).

It should be remembered that the infinitive is not included in the predicate, but is a minor member if: 1) the actions called the infinitive and the verb in the form of mood have different performers; the infinitive in such sentences is an object; 2) the infinitive depends on the verb of movement (or cessation of movement); such an infinitive is an adverb of purpose.

For example: 1) Incomprehensible mental anxiety interfered him to read and concentrate. (A. Chekhov); 2) gone pop through the bazaar to look at some goods (A. Pushkin); Wayfarers settled down by the stream to rest and feed the horses (A. Chekhov).

Compound nominal predicate

Compound nominal predicate is a predicate that consists of linking verbs(auxiliary part of the predicate, expressing the grammatical meaning of time and mood) and nominal part(the main part of the predicate, expressing its lexical meaning): And incorruptible voice my was an echo Russian people (A. Pushkin).

Types of ligaments

In a compound nominal predicate, three type of connections.

1) The most commonly used verb is bundle to be in the form of one of the inclinations: was, will be, would be, let it be etc. This bundle has no lexical meaning and serves only to express the grammatical meaning of time and mood, therefore it is called abstract(or insignificant) bundle : Let them be good you and the heart will be smart(S. Marshak).

Bundle to be must be distinguished from the nominative verb to be, which performs the function of a simple verbal predicate and has three main meanings: 1) “to be present, to be”; 2) "exist, exist"; 3) "happen, happen".

Wed: Oti [the fire] was (= was) a verst from us (M. Gorky); She and Dymov had money(= had) very little, just barely... (A. Chekhov); howl (= happened) benefit performance of the tragedian Fenogenov (A. Chekhov) and In a word, he was out of sorts and moping (A. Chekhov).

2) Less commonly used bundles with a more specific, albeit looser, meaning: to appear, to become, to become, to become, to remain, to appear, to be considered, to be called etc. Such bundles called semi significant. For example: Red-gold there was fire everywhere under the trees (I. Bunin); Dog friendship reputed to be an example om from ancient days (I. Krylov); Character he also changed: became heavy, irritable(A. Chekhov); In a dream it's round face ... looked very young (Yu. Kazakov).

Full verbs in function ligaments, i.e. a significant verb that can be combined with a nominal part (most often these are verbs of movement, position in space, and some others). Such bundles called significant: he left reassured, sat quiet, parted as friends, grows healthy

For example: Onegin lived as an anchorite *(A. Pushkin); We broke up big buddies(A. Pushkin); I born tumbleweed... (I. Turgenev); I_ returned to Zurin sad and silent(A. Pushkin).

Use of the concept bundles in relation to the significant verb is somewhat conditional. It is based on the fact that the significant verb plays the role of expressing the meanings of mood and time. In addition, the nominal part in a predicate with a significant verb is often communicatively more significant, and the role of the verbal component is weakened to one degree or another: sitting upset.

Cast ligaments stable combinations can also be used: Newborn came into being (= was born) healthy(K. Fedin).

Ways of expressing the nominal part

* Anchorite - a hermit; living in seclusion.

Pronoun

Participle

Whole phrase

Infinitive (only if the subject is also infinitive)

Question about the compound predicate

The auxiliary part of the compound verb and compound nominal predicate can sometimes include additional components. For example: 1) I_ should not dare to speak you about it (I. Turgenev).- The auxiliary part of the predicate includes three components: a short adjective must(with modal meaning), verb dare(also with modal meaning) and zero link, which expresses grammatical meaning (meaning of reality and present tense); the main part of the predicate is expressed by the infinitive talk therefore, the predicate in this sentence is a compound verb, but with a complicated auxiliary part. 2) You have no right to keep insisting in their views ... (V. Veresaev)- The auxiliary part of the predicate includes two components: a stable turnover you have no right with a modal meaning (you can't) and a phase verb continue; the main part is infinitive insist - predicate compound verb. 3) Human anywhere must remain human(D. Granin).- The auxiliary part includes three components: a short adjective must(with modal meaning), semi-significant copula stay and zero link to be, expressing the grammatical meaning of the real present; the main part is expressed by a noun (human) predicate compound nominal. four) Most of all he afraid to be funny(D. Granin).- Auxiliary part includes two components: emotional relation verb was afraid and semi-significant connection appear; the main part is expressed by the adjective funny predicate compound nominal.

In this way, complication composite predicate affects only the auxiliary part and does not affect the main part, and the type of the predicate (verbal or nominal) is always determined by the main part.

The main members of the proposal - subject and predicate.

Subject

Subject- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Ways of expressing the subject

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? and etc.
The predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods.
The predicate may be simple and composite.

A predicate expressed by one verb in the form of a mood is called simple verb predicate.
In a simple verbal predicate, lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate a real action.

Composite a predicate is called in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
The compound predicate can be verbal and nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (copy) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. Verbs are used as links to be and auxiliary verbs.

Compound verb a predicate is called, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning.
Auxiliary verbs express the meaning of the beginning, end, duration of an action, its desirability or possibility.
Combinations of some short adjectives ( should, glad, ready, obligated, able, intends etc.) and the service verb-bundle to be in the form of one of the inclinations.

Compound nominal a predicate is called, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.) expressing its main lexical meaning.
The most commonly used is the linking verb. to be expressing only grammatical meanings.

Note:
The role of connectives can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, state: come, arrive, come back and etc.; sit, stand and etc.

Nominal part a compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle, etc.

Note:
The nominal part may include unions as, as if, as if, exactly, introducing into the predicate the meaning of comparison.

1. Yellow leaves fall. 2. A slender spruce grew in the forest. 3. The girl is reading an interesting book.4. Mom found a beautiful mushroom in the forest. 5. The sun is shining brightly. 6. The kids made a snowman. 7. The dog barks loudly. 8. Luda painted with paints. 9. A car is speeding along the road. 10. The dog chased the hare. 11. Oleg writes beautifully in a notebook.

Surname, name of the student

In each sentence, underline the subject and predicate (the grammatical basis of the sentence):

1. A bear is sleeping in a den. 2. The student solves a difficult problem. 3. Brother bought skates. 4. Fragrant lilac blooms. 5. Lamps brightly illuminate the circus. 6. A strong wind shakes the trees. 7. Pupils draw. 8. Grandma put the dishes on the table. 9. Tomorrow the schoolchildren will go on an excursion. 10. A porcini mushroom grew under the spruce.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. Late autumn has come. 2. A strong wind is blowing. 3. It's been raining all day.4. The squirrel drags nuts into the hollow. 5. The birds flew away to warmer climes. 6. Magpies jump around the dwellings of people. 7. Boys make beautiful boats.8. Light clouds float across the sky. 9. Light sings.

…………………………………………………………………………

Surname, name of the student_________________________________________

Title. Write, denoting the boundaries of sentences. In each sentence, underline the subject and predicate.

Yellow leaves are falling from the trees, the grass is withering, the sun is hiding behind gray clouds, it often drizzles with light rain, colorful asters are still blooming in the garden.

Surname, name of the student

Independent work 1 option

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. Red ants exterminate forest pests. 2. A white cat washes her face with her paw. 3. The guys are playing cheerfully and together in the yard. 4. A colorful rainbow appeared in the sky. 5. A cunning fox deftly covers his tracks with a fluffy tail. 6. An agile squirrel stores nuts in a hollow for the winter. 7. Ice cracked from the cold. 8. Evil crocodiles live in Africa. 9. Birds fly to warm lands. 10. Children fed the hedgehog with milk.

Surname, name of the student___________________________________________________________________________

Independent work Option 2

Underline the main parts of each sentence.

1. A gloomy cloud covered the sky. 2. Colorful leaves swirl beautifully in the air. 3. Restless frogs croak in the swamp. 4. Dew drops sparkle in the sun. 5. Suddenly it began to rain heavily. 6. The trees are dressed in festive attire. 7. A cold wind often blows. 8. In autumn, the guys found a crane behind the garden. 9. The sun shines directly through the window. 10. New residents appeared in the zoo in spring.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

LESSON TOPIC: Members of a sentence. The main members of the proposal (the basis of the proposal).

LESSON TOPIC: Members of a sentence. The main members of the proposal (the basis of the proposal) EMC "School of Russia" ...