Presentation “History of the celebration of the New Year. Presentation on the theme "New Year

Presentation for preschoolers 6 - 7 years old "What is the New Year?

What is New Year?
It's all the other way around:
Trees grow in the room
Squirrels do not gnaw cones,
Hares next to the wolf
On a thorny tree!
The rain is also not easy,
In the New Year it is golden,
Shine that there is urine,
Nobody gets wet
Even Santa Claus
Doesn't pinch anyone's nose.
E. Mikhailova

Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?
The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.

Traditions of celebrating the New Year in Russia.
In the tradition of celebrating the New Year in Russia, such attributes as: a Christmas tree, a New Year's table, Santa Claus, fireworks, mass celebrations.
On the night of December 31 to January 1, it is customary for every family to lay a festive table. As a rule, there are invariably three components: Olivier salad, champagne and tangerines.
In Russia, it is customary to sit down at the festive table around 11 pm in order to "spend" the old year.
At about 11:55 p.m., the President of the country speaks on all central channels, he sums up some results of the outgoing year and wishes happiness and good luck to all the inhabitants of the country in the coming year. Then at 11:55 p.m. on January 1, the chiming clock begins.
On this night, you can meet people walking around the city dressed as Santa Claus. Another symbol of this holiday. Parents of children often order an artist in this image for their beloved children.

New Year in Russia.
In Russia, the New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered "from now on to calculate the summer" from January 1.

The history of the Christmas tree.
The Christmas tree - an essential attribute of the winter holidays - also arrived in Russia along with the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the “foreigner” who arrived, though not immediately, took root in Russian land firmly - as if she had always grown here: from the branches with which houses were decorated, a luxurious tree in a festive dress grew.

The most important of the guests:
- Who is in an elegant warm coat,
With a long white beard
Comes to visit on New Year's Eve
And ruddy, and gray-haired?
He plays with us, dances,
With him, the holiday is more fun!
- Santa Claus on our Christmas tree
The most important of the guests!
I. Chernitskaya

History of the origin of Santa Claus.
Santa Claus became who he is thanks to the existence of a very specific and living prototype. In the 4th century, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker lived and did good deeds in Asia Minor. The figure of this completely reliable historical character gradually acquires legends and fabulous details, as a result of which a new image appeared - a kind grandfather, able to make the baby happy, as soon as he turns to him with a request. In the old days, Santa Claus brought rods along with gifts, entering the house with the words: “Are there obedient children in this house?”. Nowadays, this peculiar element of education has almost disappeared, and every child, even the most cocky fidget, receives a treasured gift.

Snow Maiden.
At the Snow Maiden in the morning
New Year's affairs mountain:
Need snow fringe
She will decorate the native forest,
Bake a pie for the animals
And turn on the lanterns.
And then on a holiday to the children
Fly in a golden carriage.


The history of the origin of the Snow Maiden.
Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. This happened thanks to Alexander Ostrovsky's play "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of a folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted by warm sunlight. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter.
The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color in the traditional symbolism is allowed. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.

Riddles for children.
Christmas tree on New Year's holiday
Calling adults and children.
Invite all people
On New Year's ... (round dance).

Everywhere on this holiday there is a roar!
An explosion followed by merry laughter!
Very noisy toy
New Year's ... (clapperboard.)

Santa Claus came to visit us
With a fragile, snow-white guest.
He called her daughter.
This girl ... (Snow Maiden).

She sparkles in the sky
Decorates our Christmas tree.
Will never fade
On New Year's Day ... (star).

In the New Year we are not sad,
We are sitting under the tree
And to each other with expression
We say ... (congratulations).

Thank you for your attention!!!

The tradition of celebrating the beginning of the new year has its roots in the distant past. Among the ancient peoples, the celebration of the New Year usually coincided with the beginning of spring and field work.

Primitive people did not count the years and did not think about what year they had in their yard: just a warm summer was replaced by a rainy autumn, followed by a snowy winter, and after a long cold, streams rang. Some peoples considered how many springs they met, others - how many they could survive harsh winters.

And the tradition came to celebrate the New Year on the day of the vernal equinox from Ancient Mesopotamia. Here every year (on the day of the vernal equinox) water began to arrive in the Tigris River, and two weeks later - in the Euphrates. That is why all agricultural work began this month. The inhabitants of Mesopotamia met this day with colorful processions, carnivals, masquerades, songs and dances.

Our ancestors, the Eastern Slavs, celebrated the arrival of the New Year in the same way as other peoples, in the spring. The year was divided into two halves: summer and winter. It began from the first spring month - March, because it is from this time that nature awakens from sleep to life.

In 988, Russia adopted Christianity, and along with the new religion, the Byzantine calendar came to us. In Russia, from the time of the introduction of Christianity, the year also began or in March. In 1492, Grand Duke John III finally approved the decision of the Moscow Cathedral to consider September 1 as the beginning of both the church and civil years.

Even having been baptized, the Russian people stubbornly continued to celebrate the New Year in the old fashioned way on March 1 - with the beginning of spring.

Around the 12th century the people began to celebrate their traditional New Year first in March, and a few months later - in September. We celebrated the New Year in the same way as we do today, at night

At the end of the first third of 7208, the Russians again changed the calendar and again postponed the celebration of the beginning of the New Year. On the eve of 1700, Peter I issued a decree to celebrate the New Year according to European custom - on January 1. On December 19, according to the Julian calendar, Peter signed a nominal decree “On writing henceforth Genvara from the 1st day of 1700 in all papers of the summer from the Nativity of Christ.” Christmas trees and New Year's fireworks appeared in our homes and on the streets also thanks to this decree of Peter.

Peter ordered all Muscovites to decorate their houses and large passing streets with pine, spruce, juniper branches. Everyone had to congratulate relatives and friends on the holiday. At 12 o'clock at night, Peter I went to Red Square with a torch in his hands and launched the first rocket into the sky.
So, at the behest of Peter the Great, January 1, 7208 became the year 1700. This first "real" New Year in the capital passed noisily and cheerfully, as the Sovereign ordered

After the revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks banned the New Year, but already at the end of 1934, Stalin personally instructed to return the New Year's holiday to the people.

New Year has been one of the most beloved holidays in our country for more than three centuries. We love this holiday so much that in Russia there is a tradition, incomprehensible to many foreigners, to celebrate the “old” New Year on the night of January 13-14. This tradition was born after the revolution. In 1918, by Lenin's decree, Russia switched to the Gregorian calendar, which by the 20th century had overtaken the Julian calendar by 13 days. But the Orthodox Church did not accept this transition and announced that it would celebrate Christmas according to the old Julian calendar. Since then, Orthodox Christmas in Russia has been celebrated on January 7th. In addition, the refusal of the Church to switch to a new calendar caused a big problem for believers: the New Year according to the new style fell on the last, strictest week of Lent. Probably, it was then that a tradition arose in Russia to celebrate the "old" New Year according to the old Julian calendar.

About the Christmas tree

Already in November, festive illuminations and decorated Christmas trees appear on the streets of cities. Previously, people believed that by decorating the Christmas tree, they make evil forces kinder. Evil forces have long been forgotten, but the Christmas tree, decorated with all kinds of toys and garlands, is still a symbol of the New Year holiday.

The tradition of celebrating the New Year with a Christmas tree appeared in Russia under Peter I. In 1699, he issued a decree by which he introduced a new chronology - from the Nativity of Christ, and ordered the New Year to be celebrated in a European way - on January 1. By royal decree, all residents of Moscow were ordered to celebrate the New Year's Eve: light bonfires on New Year's Eve, set off fireworks, congratulate each other, decorate houses with coniferous trees.

After the death of Peter I, they stopped putting up New Year trees. Only the owners of taverns decorated their houses with them, and these trees stood in taverns all year round - hence their name came from - "fir-trees-sticks".

New Year's festivities and the tradition of putting up Christmas trees were revived under Catherine II. And they began to decorate Christmas trees only in the middle of the nineteenth century. It is believed that the first Christmas tree in St. Petersburg was arranged by the Germans living there. The townspeople liked this custom so much that they began to install Christmas trees in their homes. From the capital of the empire, this tradition began to spread throughout the country.

In the old days, the Christmas tree was decorated with various delicacies: nuts in a bright wrapper, sweets and even vegetables. Wax candles burned on the branches, which then gave way to electric garlands. And shiny balls appeared relatively recently - about a hundred years ago. The top of the Christmas tree was crowned with the Star of Bethlehem, which was later replaced by a red five-pointed one.

In the 1920s, the Bolsheviks banned Christmas trees and New Year celebrations, considering it a "bourgeois whim" and an "old-fashioned custom." In addition, in their opinion, "the New Year's holiday is too close in the calendar to the priest's Christmas and people should not be led into temptation." From that moment on, the New Year tree "went underground": only in some families they decided to arrange it and did it secretly.

In December 1935, the holiday was revived, and in 1936 a Christmas tree for children and youth was arranged in the Hall of Columns of the House of the Unions. The forest beauty has returned after many years of oblivion and has entered our lives forever as an evergreen miracle and a fairy tale. In 1954, the main Christmas tree of the country, the Kremlin, was lit for the first time, which sparkles and sparkles every New Year.

Ded Moroz and Snegurochka.
Another symbol of the New Year is Santa Claus. In different countries, the good old man is called differently: in Spain ─ Papa Noel, in Romania ─ Mosh Dzharila, in Holland ─ Sinte Klaas, in England and America ─ Santa Claus, and in Russia ─ Father Frost. The image of Santa Claus has evolved over the centuries, and each nation has contributed something of its own to its history. In some countries, the ancestors of Santa Claus are considered "local" gnomes, in others - medieval wandering jugglers who sang Christmas songs, or wandering sellers of children's toys.

The Snow Maiden appeared in the early 1950s. The image of the granddaughter of Santa Claus was invented by Lev Kassil and Sergey Mikhalkov.

As for the Russian Grandfather, there is an opinion that among his relatives is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, he is Studenets, Frost.

In Russian folklore, you can find many different fairy tales and legends about Frost - the owner of snowy fields and forests, who brought cold, snow, snowstorms to the earth.

He was called differently: Moroz, Morozko, and more often, with respect, by his first name and patronymic: Moroz Ivanovich.

In those days, he rarely gave gifts,
on the contrary, people who believed in its power,
gave gifts to him so that he would become kinder.

When in Russia they began to celebrate the New Year in winter, on the night of December 31 to January 1, Santa Claus became the main character of our holiday.

But his character changed: he became kinder and began to bring gifts to children on New Year's Eve.

So, Santa Claus - fact or fiction? Does he have a real beard or is it just a piece of cotton wool stolen from a drugstore? Are the deer briskly carrying his team or are they costumed horses with plastic horns? Does Santa Claus really have a magic staff, or is it just a piece of a high jump pole? There are many opinions, but only one is correct - there is Santa Claus!

The history of such a holiday as the New Year and many facts confirm that Santa Claus actually exists. Among the ancestors of DM there is also a very real person - Archbishop Nikolai, who lived in the 4th century in the Turkish city of Mira. According to legend, he was a very kind person. So, once he saved the three daughters of a distressed family by throwing bundles of gold into the window of their house. After the death of Nicholas, he was declared a saint. In the Middle Ages, the custom was firmly established on Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, because the saint himself did this. After the introduction of the new calendar, St. Nicholas began to come to the children at Christmas, and then on the New Year.

The year of his birth is unknown to anyone, since it was a very long time ago, respectively, his age is estimated at more than one hundred years. The fact that this grandfather had relatives has not been proven, but not refuted either, there is information only about his granddaughter - Snegurochka, but about her later. The permanent residence of Santa Claus is the residence in Veliky Ustyug - a small village in the Vologda region, but grandfather is often on the road, and it is very difficult to catch him on the spot. Santa Claus works only one week a year (the age is still solid), the rest of the time he rests from the labors of the righteous in the popular resorts of the world and prepares for the next New Year - he makes gifts, trains deer and repairs sleds.

The granddaughter of Santa Claus, a cute little girl in a fur coat of a wonderful turquoise hue, forever young and cheerful - this is she, the Snow Maiden. The date of the birth of the Snow Maiden, like the date of birth of Santa Claus himself, is shrouded in mystery (this whole personal life of unusual creatures is generally a very mysterious thing - Santa Claus has a granddaughter, but nothing is known about the children :) The Snow Maiden is a constant companion of grandfather when gifts are in the bag becomes smaller, helps to carry it, harnesses and unharnesses the deer (or is it horses?) and conducts an annual technical inspection of the sleigh. Before the New Year, together with Santa Claus, he sorts out letters and other correspondence that comes to Veliky Ustyug in huge quantities, comes up with original gifts and performances for the smallest children, and entertains them, while Santa Claus finds out from parents whether children are well behave throughout the year.

By no means all over the world the New Year is celebrated on December 31 - the first day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar.

Turning to the traditions for the celebration of the new year, you meet a lot of unusual things that never cease to amaze.

There are quite a few traditions of celebrating the New Year in Russia.

The tradition of holding a New Year's holiday with noisy feasts, night festivities, dancing by the Christmas tree and fireworks took root in Russia quite quickly, which was largely promoted by Peter I.

In some families, there is a tradition of baking New Year's pies with a surprise - a coin is placed in one, the other is baked salty, and the third is sweet.

At the New Year's table, under the chimes, you need to choose a pie for yourself, and there are a lot of them on the platter. The one who gets it with a coin will get rich next year, the owner of the salty pie will face trials, and the owner of the sweet one will have a cheerful, sweet life.

In some families, it is customary to paint furniture: on the glass or mirror of the cabinet, they depict with gouache the symbol of the coming year, Santa Claus with the Snow Maiden, and some kind of winter picture. Russian New Year is a family holiday.

Secondly, it is well known that how you celebrate the New Year is how you will live it. Do not forget about this: forget about your problems for a while, make peace with your family and friends, if the day before you had the misfortune to quarrel with them, do not be afraid to ask for forgiveness, this will be appreciated by everyone around you. You must learn to enjoy the holiday regardless of your income, success or failure. The holiday has a value in itself for you. At the same time, do not forget that money acquires special significance in the New Year. As on Christmas, it is not customary to give anything from home, even on credit, on New Year's Eve, but the main thing is that you should not borrow anything yourself, you will not get out of debt all next year. In addition, there is a tradition to pay off debts on New Year's Eve, return your IOUs and even redeem things from a pawnshop. Follow this advice and luck will not leave you. If you prefer gambling or horse racing, refrain from this on New Year's Eve, do not tempt fate. The mystery of New Year's Eve will be broken if you accidentally forget about fortune telling. Literally everything was guessing at Christmas and New Year: old people - about life, girls and boys - about brides and grooms, mothers - about the health and fate of children, and zealous owners - about the harvest and success in business. They are guessing at the present time.
China
Chinese New Year is celebrated between January 17 and February 19, during the new moon. Street processions are the most exciting part of the holiday. Thousands of lanterns are lit during the processions to light the way for the New Year. The Chinese believe that the new year is surrounded by evil spirits. Therefore, they scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers. Sometimes the Chinese seal windows and doors with paper to keep out evil spirits. New Year in China is a strictly family holiday, and every Chinese wants to spend it with their relatives. On the evening of the last day of the year, each family in full force gathers in the living room for a gala dinner. During this dinner, which was held under the sign of the unity of the clan, and above all the unity of its living and deceased members, its participants eat dishes that are first offered to the spirits of their ancestors. At the same time, family members get the opportunity to forgive each other old grievances. After the end of the meal, no one went to bed, so as not to miss their future happiness. Night vigils for the New Year were called "to protect the year."

Japan

In Japan, New Year is celebrated on January 1st. Mandatory is the custom of seeing off the Old Year, which includes organizing receptions and visiting restaurants. At the beginning of the new year, the Japanese begin to laugh. They believe that laughter will bring them good luck in the coming year. On the first New Year's Eve, it is customary to visit the temple. In temples, 108 bells are beaten. With each blow, according to the Japanese, all the bad things go away, which should not be repeated in the New Year. To keep out evil spirits, the Japanese hang bundles of straw in front of their houses, which they believe brings good luck. In houses, rice cakes are placed in a conspicuous place, on top of which tangerines are placed, symbolizing happiness, health and longevity. In Japan, the European Christmas tree is furnished with exotic plants that grow on the islands.

India

The traditional New Year, which is celebrated on January 1, is far from being the starting point of the new calendar year for all countries. Hindus, for example, celebrate this holiday more than four times a year - this is their national feature ... India is one of the countries in which many cultures and subcultures intersect. Christians, Muslims, and Buddhists live there, but, nevertheless, the bulk of the population professes the ancient religion of Hinduism. And the New Year for them, respectively, comes according to the prescription of the Hindu calendar. This does not mean that the Hindus skimp on the Islamic and Christian New Year - they are happy to take part in the celebration of these celebrations, as well as the Nativity of Christ. The traditional Indian year, called Gudi Padva, this time starts on March 26, but the date changes every year, depending on the lunar calendar. The celebration of the new year lasts more than one day and is accompanied by various carnival processions, fairs and other paraphernalia. But, since the political, economic and social spheres of the country are guided by the Christian chronology, the first of January is also not ignored. Hindus from Tamil Nadu celebrate the beginning of the new year on April 14, which coincides with the official arrival of spring. In Andhra Pradesh, the new calendar year comes only on March 26th. Residents of Kashmir begin the countdown of the new year in general from March 10, and continue to celebrate until the end of the celebrations in all states, and in West Bengal the new year comes on April 13. Do not forget about the celebration of the New Year according to the Eastern calendar, as well as the Muslim New Year. Thus, with full confidence we can say that India is the most New Year's country in the world.

Turkey

Muslims are not forbidden to celebrate the New Year, but it is not recommended to decorate the Christmas tree and invite Santa Claus. This is stated in the New Year's statement of the head of Turkish Muslims. The tradition of celebrating the New Year is recognized all over the world and is part of world culture, but Christmas is a religious holiday and has nothing to do with the New Year. Muslims should not confuse the two holidays, and the use of Christmas symbols on New Year's Day is indicative of "religious and cultural degradation." The tradition of celebrating the New Year with a Christmas tree is common in Turkey. However, in a number of Muslim countries, the celebration of the New Year is not welcomed. In particular, in Saudi Arabia, this is punishable by arrest.

Austria

In Austria, the modern custom of gifts and congratulations for the New Year was widespread in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It is now customary to give figurines or send postcards with the traditional symbols of happiness; these are the chimney sweep, four-leaf clover, pig. Dinner on December 31 should be plentiful in order to live well in the New Year. An obligatory meat dish was a jellied pig or pork. It was believed that in order to be happy, one must eat a piece of a head or a pig's snout; it was called "participating in swine happiness".

Bulgaria

In Bulgaria, they traditionally celebrate the New Year at home. Before the start of the holiday, the youngest in the house stands near the Christmas tree and sings carols to the guests. In gratitude, kind uncles and aunts give him gifts. The most interesting begins with the 12th strike of the clock. At this time, the lights go out for a moment in the houses for New Year's kisses. Only after that the hostess begins to cut the cake with surprises baked in it. If you got a coin - wait for wealth, a branch of a rose - love. The same surprise cake tradition is common in Romania and Australia.

Tatyana Kostyuchenkova
Presentation "History of the celebration of the New Year"

Hello dear teachers! Most recently we celebrating the magical New Year's Eve. it holiday which miraculously connects the past, present and future. New Year is called magical, mysterious, amazing, unique. At this time, we try to be wizards, good fairies for children and our relatives and friends. But few of our children know the origin of this holiday, uncomplicated names of Santa Clauses in different countries and his assistants. I want to present you my presentation for children 6-7 years old"History of New Year's Eve".

Target: to replenish the knowledge of children, to learn history the emergence of Santa Claus, Snowman, Snow Maiden.

Tasks: to form interest, develop the imagination of children, cultivate respect for folk traditions.

A. Usachev

Where does the New Year come from?

New Year flies from the sky?

Or coming from the forest?

Or from a snowdrift

Is the new year coming to us?

He probably lived as a snowflake

On some star

Or hiding behind a feather

Frost has a beard?

To sleep he climbed into the refrigerator Or to the squirrel in the hollow.

Or an old alarm clock

Did he get under the glass?

But there is always a miracle:

The clock strikes twelve.

And no one knows where

The New Year is coming to us!

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Topic: The history of the holiday "New Year".

This event can be held as a classroom hour, as well as an extracurricular activity with elementary school students.
Goals: To acquaint children with the history of the emergence of the New Year holiday.
Develop students' curiosity.
Equipment: Presentation in Power Point, New Year's songs.
Lesson progress:

1. Organizational moment.

I have gifts in my bag
Caramels, chocolates.
Round dance around the Christmas tree,
What holiday? ... (New Year) (3 slide)
- Guys, who among you knows whether the New Year was always celebrated on January 1 in our country?
- The beginning of the year on January 1 was established by the Roman ruler Julius Caesar in 46 BC. e. (4 slide)
- This day was dedicated to Janus - the god of choice, doors and all beginnings. The month of January got its name in honor of the god Janus, who was depicted with two faces: one looked forward and the other looked back. (5 slide)
Gregorian calendar
- Most countries celebrate the New Year on January 1, the first day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. (6 slide)
- The traditional Chinese New Year is timed to coincide with the winter new moon at the end of the full lunar cycle, which took place after the winter solstice (that is, on the second new moon after December 21). In the Gregorian calendar, this corresponds to one of the days between January 21st and February 21st.
- Until the XV century in Russia, the new year began not from January, as it is now, but from March (as in republican Ancient Rome) on the day of the vernal equinox on March 20 or 21 (depending on the year). Since the 15th century, the new year has begun on September 1st. (7 slide)
- Each year corresponds to a certain animal. The 12-year cycle begins with the year of the Rat, then the year of the Ox comes, then the year of the Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog and Boar. (8 slide)
- Since 1700, by decree of Peter I, the New Year in Russia is celebrated, as in other European countries, on January 1 (according to the Julian calendar). (9 slide)
- New Year's Eve is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of variety events, a feast, folk festivals. (10 slide)
Christmas tree.
- Guess the next riddle.
All dressed up in toys,
All in garlands and crackers.
Of course, this is ... (Yolka) (11 slide)
- New Year's Eve is a very significant holiday in many countries. And it is accompanied by a variety of variety events, a feast, folk festivals. According to tradition, a Christmas tree is set up in the house.
- What toys decorate the Christmas tree? (12 slide)
New Year's table.
- When meeting the New Year, close people gather at the table. (13-14 slides)
- At 0 hours 0 minutes on January 1, the chimes strike. (15 slides)
- Let's listen to the chimes.
- With the first strike of the chimes, which marks the arrival of the new year, it is customary to clink glasses of champagne and make a wish. (16 slide)
- What gifts would you like to receive for the New Year? In the New Year it is customary to give gifts. (17 slide)
Father Frost.
Congratulations on the new year
All boys and girls.
And he gives us gifts
There they are: they are in a bag.
He is kind and bearded
Red nose from cold.
Who is he, tell the children,
Loudly, together: (Santa Claus) (18 slide)
- Santa Claus is a fairy-tale character of East Slavic folklore. In Slavic mythology - the personification of winter frosts, a blacksmith who binds water.
- On New Year's Eve, Santa Claus comes and gives gifts to children, which he brings in a bag behind his back. Often depicted in a blue, silver or red fur coat embroidered with patterns, in a hat (and not in a cap), with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, in felt boots. He rides a troika of horses, skis or walks. (19 slide)
- The very first Santa Claus was Saint Nicholas. When he left, he left golden apples in a slipper in front of the fireplace to the poor family that sheltered him. (20 slide)
- Santa Claus has a granddaughter - Snegurochka (21 slide)
Pyrotechnics.
- When celebrating the New Year, a variety of pyrotechnic products are actively used: firecrackers, Bengal candles and, in the last decade, fireworks, rockets, Roman candles, firecrackers large and small, etc. Currently, many capitals of the world or even individual countries spend millions of dollars to arrange a pyrotechnic show for the New Year. (22 slide)
Traditions around the world.(23 slide)
- In England, in addition to the Christmas tree, the house is decorated with mistletoe sprigs. Bouquets of mistletoe are even on lamps and chandeliers. And according to custom, you can kiss a person standing in the middle of the room under a bunch of mistletoe. (24 slide)
- In Italy, on New Year's Eve, it is customary to get rid of old things. (25 slide)
- In Sweden, before the New Year, children choose the queen of light, Lucia. She is dressed in a white dress, a crown with lit candles is put on her head. Lucia brings gifts to children and treats to pets: a cat - cream, a dog - a sugar bone, a donkey - carrots. (26 slide)
- In France, Santa Claus - Pere Noel - comes on New Year's Eve and leaves gifts in children's shoes. The one who gets the bean baked in the New Year's cake receives the title of "bean king", and on a festive night everyone obeys his orders. Wooden or clay figurines - santons - are placed near the Christmas tree. (27 slide)
- In Mexico, the New Year is celebrated with the fire of festive fireworks, firing from rocket launchers, ringing of special New Year's bells. And children are handed delicious gingerbread dolls at midnight. (28 slide)
- In Japan, bells ring 108 times on New Year's Eve. Each stroke of the bell corresponds to one of the vices. There are six of them in total: greed, stupidity, anger, frivolity, indecision and envy, however, each vice has 18 different shades, which is 108 in total. (29 slide)
- In Spain, it is customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight. (30 slide)
Old New Year.(31 slides)
- Old New Year is a holiday celebrated in accordance with the New Year according to the Julian calendar (now on the night of January 13-14). It is celebrated in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Serbia, Switzerland and some other countries.

4. Summing up.

Now let's check how well you listened today.
Crossword.(32 slide)
1. What is Santa Claus called in France?
2. Who in 1700 issued an order to celebrate the New Year?
3. On the night of January 13-14, what holiday is celebrated?
4. Who established the beginning of the year on January 1?
5. "The end of the year and the beginning of winter!"
- So the riddle was given to me.
6. Granddaughter of Santa Claus?
7. In which country is it customary to eat 12 grapes at midnight?
8. In which country do delicious gingerbread dolls are given to children on New Year's Eve?
Reflection.
The song "New Year's toys" (author Alexander Metzger) (slide 33)

Presentation on the topic: History of the holiday "New Year"

Mehbuba
Presentation on the topic "History of the New Year and New Year's traditions"

Target:

Form ideas about the New Year holiday.

Tasks:

Enrich the concept of celebration New Year, about symbols and holiday traditions. Create a festive atmosphere.

Deepen children's knowledge of the celebration New Year in our country.

New Year is the most favorite holiday for millions of people from different countries. This is one of those few days of the year when almost the whole world is busy with one and the same topic. same: everyone watches the clock and rejoices new year.

New Year in Russia is not always celebrated on December 31st. Once this holiday was celebrated on September 1st. Now it is the very first day of school and the beginning of autumn. And our ancestors celebrated the New Year on this day, but there were no Christmas trees, gifts and Santa Claus at all. Where did this holiday come from?

Tsar Peter the Great ordered to celebrate the New Year on the first of January.? Since the emperor was a great admirer of everything European, the celebration The new year has become bright, a cheerful annual event in the life of the Russian people, as well as in Europe. Dutch traditions, people were supposed to decorate their houses with coniferous branches and not remove these decorations until Christmas Christ's.

On the night of December 31 to January 1, everyone was supposed to rest and have fun. The emperor himself was present at such festivities. He himself fired the first firework rocket brought from Europe. However, not only fireworks decorated the festive city; noble people had to shoot into the air from small cannons and guns to give grandeur to the holiday

Symbol New Year's tree is a Christmas tree. The Christmas tree marks the beginning new Year and became a symbol of eternal life, because, unlike other trees, it does not shed its leaves, but is green all year round. The Christmas tree has become a real symbol of a family holiday, children and adults dress it up together, dance around it, read poems and sing songs.

Santa Claus is a constant character new year holidays familiar from childhood. But what is known about its origin? Among the ancient Slavs, Santa Claus was the lord of cold, snow, snowstorms, he was represented as a short old man with a long beard in a long sheepskin coat and felt boots. Then he was not a kind grandfather, his temper was very strict, he was also called Treskun, Karachun, Morozko. In those days, Santa Claus not only gave gifts, but punished them, taking them into the forest and freezing naughty children. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to the most intelligent and obedient, and mischievous people could well be punished with a stick.

over time, his character became kinder, more affectionate, lost his most frightening features (rudeness, a tough temper, his stick turned into a magic staff and a cute old man, inspiring confidence, replaced the small, untidy creature. Now Santa Claus also has a granddaughter - Snegurochka, who helps the old man deliver presents and tell stories and play with the children

The birthplace of Santa Claus is the city of Veliky Ustyug, which is located in the northeast of the Vologda region. AT pine forest, not far from the city is the estate of Santa Claus - this is a wonderful fairy-tale place. It is here that Father Frost's tower is located, in which there is a throne room and many more magical rooms.

Grandfather Frost has his own mail where you can write a letter. You can write to Santa Claus by address: 162390, Russia, Vologda region, Veliky Ustyug,

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Abstract of the conversation "History of the celebration of the New Year" in the senior group Objectives: - to introduce children to the traditions of celebrating the New Year in Russia and in other countries of the world. - to systematize children's knowledge about the celebration.

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