How many lines does a series 5 parachute have? Airborne Sergeant's Manual

The parachute is designed for training jumps from transport aircraft.

Tactical and technical data of the parachute

1. With a total weight of a parachutist with parachutes of no more than 120 kg, the D-5 series 2 parachute provides:

• at least 80 applications at flight speeds up to 400 km/h according to the instrument and altitudes up to 8000 m with immediate deployment of the stabilizing parachute and subsequent descent on it for 3 s or more;
• stability during decline;
• the ability to stop the descent on the stabilizing dome at any time by opening the double-cone lock with a pull ring;
• the minimum safe altitude for use from a horizontally flying aircraft at a flight speed of 160 km/h according to the instrument with stabilization of 3 s ─ 200 m, while the descent time on a fully filled main parachute canopy ─ not less than 10 s;
• average vertical speed of descent, normalized to the standard atmosphere and the total mass of the parachutist with parachutes 120 kg, in the area 30-35 m from the ground ─ no more than 5 m/s;
• rapid loss of height when sliding without the phenomena of folding the canopy;
• the use of two belay devices (main and backup) with a hose length of 240 mm;
• quick suppression of the canopy after landing when the right free end of the suspension system is disconnected using the OSK-D lock;
• use of reserve parachutes type 3-2 or 3-5;
• the force required to open a double-cone lock using a pull ring or device is no more than 16 kgf.

2. dimensions stowed parachute, mm: length without stabilizing dome in the chamber, mounted on the backpack, ─ 595+10; width without parachute device ─ 335+10; height ─ 220+10.

3. The weight of the parachute without a carrying bag and instruments is no more than 13.8 kg.

Rice. 13. General form stowed parachute D-5 series 2: 1 ─ carbine; 2 ─ sealing tape

Tactical and technical data of parachute parts

1. The stabilizing dome chamber is cylindrical in shape, made of nylon avisent (art. 56039). Camera length 300 mm, width when folded ─ 190 mm. At the top of the camera there is a carabiner, which is attached to the camera with nylon tape LTKkrP-26-600 with a strength of 600 kgf. At the bottom of the chamber, four NP-25-8 rings are sewn diametrically opposite to secure the chamber with the stabilizer rings. A nylon cord-tie ShKP-150 with a strength of 150 kgf is inserted into the hem of the upper base of the chamber to tighten the upper base of the chamber. A nylon tape LTKkrP-26-600 with a strength of 600 kgf is passed into the eye of the carabiner and stitched with a zigzag stitch to secure the rubber honeycomb mounted on the backpack. Camera weight ─ 0.155 kg.

The chamber is designed to accommodate a stabilizing dome, slings and the upper part of the stabilizer.

2. The stabilizing dome is made of nylon fabric (art. 56004P or 56008P) and consists of a base and a sidewall. The dome has the shape of a truncated cone with a large base area of ​​1.5 m². To ensure the filling of the dome, an exhaust device is sewn into its pole part, consisting of eight pockets, the material for which is dyed calendered fabric (art. 56005krPK or 56005krP). On the outer side of the dome base, reinforcing tapes LTKP-15-185 with a strength of 185 kgf and circular tapes LTKP-13-70 with a strength of 70 kgf are stitched in the radial direction. The canopy has 16 slings made of ShKP-150 nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf. The length of lines No. 1,4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13 and 16 in a free state from the lower edge of the canopy to the stabilizer loops is ─ 520 mm, and lines No. 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 15 ─ 500 mm.

On each side of the feather there is sewn a tape with a ring for securing with rings sewn on the stabilizing dome chamber.

Mass of the stabilizing dome ─ 0.57 kg.

3. A connecting link made of nylon tape LTKMkrP-27-1200 with a strength of 1200 kgf in two folds, designed to connect the stabilizing dome with the backpack at the stage of stabilized descent and with the main dome at all stages of operation.

At the top, the connecting link forms a 130 mm loop for attaching the stabilizer thimble. At a distance of 410 mm from the top loop, a loop is sewn from nylon tape LTKkrP-26-600 with a strength of 600 kgf to attach the halyard of the flexible pin of the device. The lower part of the connecting link branches, forming power strips, into the ends of which the buckles of a double-cone lock are sewn.

Jumpers made of nylon tape LTK-44-1600 with a strength of 1600 kgf are sewn onto the power tapes on both sides. A nylon tape with a strength of 1200 kgf is sewn between the jumpers, forming a loop for attaching to the bridles of the camera and the main dome. The triangle formed from the connecting link tapes is covered on both sides with scarves made of nylon avisent gray(art. 56039).

Under one of the gussets of the connecting link, using nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, a guide ring for the halyard of the flexible pin of the device is sewn. There are arrows on the power bands near the buckles to control the correct installation and placement of the power bands on the double-cone lock. Connecting link length ─ 1030 mm.

Weight of the connecting link ─ 0.275 kg.

4. The chamber of the main dome made of gray nylon fabric (art. 56023krP), intended for laying the main dome and slings, has the shape of a cylinder with a height of 635 mm and a width (folded) of 450 mm. A continuation of the lower base is a special sleeve, into the hem of which an elastic ring is inserted to ensure the orderly exit of the main dome from the chamber.

The surface of the chamber is reinforced with two nylon tapes with a strength of 600 kgf, which form a bridle. For the convenience of laying the dome, a gusset made of gray nylon fabric is sewn onto the edge of the chamber.

In the hem of the upper base to tighten the camera

A nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf is inserted. Two pairs of removable rubber honeycombs are attached to the bottom of the chamber. On back side, at a distance of 185 mm from the lower base of the chamber, an apron is sewn, which has four windows formed by eyelets for the passage of removable rubber honeycombs.

On the camera there is sewn one middle gazyr, a group of right and a group of left gazyrs for laying lines, three honeycomb distributor tapes with honeycombs from a backpack cord for holding the lines in the gazyrs.

For the convenience of laying the slings, nylon tapes with a strength of 150 kgf are sewn onto the gazyrs.

Camera weight ─ 0.44 kg.

5. The dome (Fig. 14) made of nylon fabric (art. 56009P) has the shape of a twenty-octagon and is designed for the safe descent and landing of a parachutist. The area of ​​the dome is 83 m².

To increase strength, the lower edge of the dome is stitched with nylon tapes with a strength of 200 kgf, and its central part─ tapes with a strength of 70 kgf.

28 slings made of nylon cord with a strength of 150 kgf and a length of 9000 mm are attached to the dome.

Dome weight ─ 8.136 kg.

Rice. 13. The shape of the canopy of the D-5 series 2 parachute in plan. Numbers in a circle ─ line numbers, numbers inside a circle ─ square numbers: 1─ dome panels; 2, 4 ─ reinforcing frame; 3 ─ loops for slings.

6. Suspension system made of nylon tape LTK-44-1600 with a strength of 1600 kgf, designed for convenient placement of the parachutist and is the connecting link between the parachutist and the canopy.

The suspension system is equipped with an OSK-D lock and consists of the following main parts: the main strap with back-shoulder loops, one pair of detachable risers, and leg loops.

Detachable buckles are attached to the free ends of the suspension system. On the reverse side of the main strap (on the right ─ below the OSK-D lock, on the left ─ below the curved buckle) buckles for fastening the belts are sewn using nylon tape LTKkrP-43-800 with a strength of 800 kgf cargo container. At the bottom, the main strap is bifurcated, the strips are sewn end to end, and a cotton pad is sewn onto them for comfortable sitting in the harness system.

In the middle of the bottom of the main strap with outside a loop is sewn from nylon tape with a strength of 800 kgf to attach the cargo container link.

On both sides of the loop, at a distance of 150 ─ 165 mm, using nylon tape with a strength of 600 kgf, half-ring buckles are sewn to tighten the lower corners of the backpack to the main strap.

The shoulder girths, which formed the chest jumper, then pass through the windows of the main strap and, with the help of rectangular buckles sewn into the ends of the shoulder girths, form a waist girth.

The lower ends of the dorso-shoulder loops, passed between the ribbons of the main strap and bending around them in several places, form leg loops.

The weight of the suspension system is 2 kg.

7. A nylon satchel consists of a bottom, right and left valves. The bottom of the backpack is double, a rigid frame is inserted into it.

The backpack is designed to accommodate a canopy with slings placed in the chamber, parts of the free ends of the suspension system and a belay device. The backpack has a double-cone lock and a flexible hose covered with cotton tape LXX-40-130 in varnish color with a strength of 130 kgf.

Hose length ─ 380 mm.

Weight of the backpack ─ 2 kg.

8. The pull ring with a cable is designed to open the double-cone lock. It is made of steel rod and consists of a body, a limiter, a cable and a wire loop.

Ring weight ─ 0.1 kg. Cable length─ 600 mm.

9. Safety device (main) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.

Device hose length 240 mm, cable length 397 mm, loop length 19 mm, flexible pin halyard length

Weight of the belay device ─ 0.95 kg.

When installing only one device on a parachute for opening a double-cone lock, the device can be equipped with a loop 42 mm long. The earring is not used in this case.

10. Safety device (duplicate) AD-ZU-240, PPK-U-240B or KAP-ZP-240B.

Hose length ─240 mm, cable length ─ 397 mm, loop length ─19 mm, flexible pin halyard length ─ 360 mm.

Device weight ─ 0.95 kg.

11. The earring, designed to connect the main and backup devices, is made of steel. Earring thickness ─ 2.5 mm. The earring has two holes: one is intended for the lock cone, the other for the hinges of the main and backup devices.

12. A rectangular carrying bag, made from a cargo notice.

Bag dimensions ─ 260X740X600 mm. Bag weight ─ 0.725 kg.

13. The passport is intended to record information about the reception, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute.

(installation option for forced tightening of the cover)

1. Exhaust halyard - serves for forced unclip of the backpack and tightening of the cover:

Length – 3 meters, breaking force – 1200 kg.

Has a carabiner 1 , average 4 and lower 3 loop, to protect the traction rope from burns, a cover is put on it 2 made of cotton tape (LHBMkr-35-260) in the form of a hollow hose.

2. Checking cable (pulling cable) – used for securing the backpack. Has three studs 2 , rubberized loop 3 , protective case 4 , cover loop 5 .

3. Dome cover:

Material: percale. Length – 5.3m.

The dome cover is made of orange percale B (art. 7015cr), has the shape of a sleeve -1 5.28 m long and fits over the entire length of the folded canopy.

The entire length of the cover is reinforced with tapes -2 strength 150 kg (LHB-25-150), which form a bridle in its upper part -3 for attaching a lineless ball parachute (ball screw).

There are two pockets sewn into the top of the case. -4 , facilitating the release of the lines from the honeycomb and the pulling of the cover from the canopy.

At the bottom of the case there is one pair of double rubber (removable) honeycombs -5 , eleven pairs of rubber (non-removable) honeycombs -6 and two tapes for the laying frame -7 .

The apron of the cover has two windows -8 for passing double rubber (removable) honeycombs.

Above the windows there are pockets for storing bundles of slings.

Bundles of slings, inserted into double rubber (removable) honeycombs, seal the lower part of the cover and prevent the canopy from leaving the cover prematurely (two out of 11 honeycombs are allowed to break on each side).

Safety lanyard -9 designed to protect slings laid in honeycombs from snagging.

Two guides made of power tapes for inserting the frame (during installation, for more convenient fastening of the slings).

Dome

Area: 82.5m2

Material: percale P.

The entire area of ​​the dome is stitched with power strips, forming a power frame.

On the panels, between 27 and 28, 28 and 1, 1 and 2 slings, there are triangular slits for the release of excess pressure air, as a result of which horizontal speed and the ability to control appear.

Slings

Length: 8.87m

Quantity: 28

Material ШХБ-125 (cotton cord with tensile strength 125 kg).

Line #14 is marked red along its entire length (or with orange cuffs at the free end and on the edge of the canopy). Laying begins with this sling.

A control line is mounted to slings 26, 27, 28 and 1, 2, 3.

Hanging system

Material: LTK-1600 (nylon rigging tape, tensile strength 1600 kg)

4 loose ends

Main (circular) strap

2 leg loops

2 dorso-shoulder girths

Chest strap (jumper)

Waist circumference

2 ZP fastening locks

Ring pocket on left shoulder

Flexible hose mounting harness (ring side)

1 chest carabiner

2 foot carabiners

3 reciprocal D-shaped buckles for carabiners

The suspension system (Fig. 11) is made of nylon tape with the strength 1600 kg(LTK-44-1600) and consists of a main strap and two shoulder straps.

The main strap is stitched from tape in two additions, the ends of which form two free ends of length 430 mm.
The main strap has two curved buckles designed to connect it to the back-shoulder straps at the top of the harness.

A pull ring pocket is sewn onto the main strap at chest level on the left side. A flexible hose is sewn above the pocket.
At the bottom, the main strap is bifurcated, the straps are sewn end-to-end and an overlay is sewn to them for more comfortable sitting in the harness during descent.

To attach the reserve parachute to the harness system, two fastening brackets with locks are built into the main strap.
The back-shoulder girths, right and left, passing through the curved buckles and windows of the main strap, form a chest bridge and, with the help of two buckles, a waist girth, providing adjustment of the suspension system according to height.

The back-shoulder girths are fastened together, forming a cross, to which the backpack is attached.

The back-shoulder girths, going down from the cross, go around the main strap below the windows for the waist girth, forming triangles with a carbine attached on the left side, and a buckle on the right.

The lower ends of the dorso-shoulder loops, passed between the main strap and bending around it in several places, form leg loops on which buckles are mounted to adjust them according to height. Three carabiners and three buckles located on the leg loops and chest strap are used to fasten the harness.

The backpack is attached to the harness, and the canopy slings are attached to the half-ring buckles of the harness.

Satchel

The backpack is designed to accommodate a canopy in a case, part of the lines and free ends of the harness system, a lineless ball parachute and a semi-automatic device.

The backpack is made of avisent A (art. 6700) and consists of the bottom of the backpack and four valves: two side, one upper and one lower.

To the top valve 1 two flexible hoses are sewn 2 , plate head 3 for attaching the hose of a semi-automatic device and a tie-tie 4 , intended for fastening the hose of a semi-automatic device. There are two windows at the base of the top flap 5 for the exit of the free ends of the suspension system.

The top and two side flaps of the backpack have flaps with pockets 6 , which, after placing the canopy in the backpack, are tucked with a stowage ruler under the bottom and side flaps. The flaps protect the dome from contamination.

To hold the valves in the closed position, the backpack has a locking device consisting of a cord ring 7 , two cones 8 located on the backpack valves, four eyelets with a sewing washer 29 and one eyelet buckle 28 .

Fifth eyelet 18 , installed on the right side flap between the lower and middle eyelets, is designed to fix the position of the ball lineless pilot chute inside the backpack when folded.

Cord ring 7 made of silk cord ShSh-80.
Eight backpack rubbers ensure quick opening of the backpack valves 9 , of which seven are single and one is double.

The length of a single backpack rubber with pendants is equal to 370 mm, and double - 385 mm. At one end, the backpack rubbers are permanently attached to the wire loops on the backpack valves.

Two scarves with buckles are sewn onto the side flaps of the backpack on the outside along the perimeter tape. 10 , to which the reserve parachute mounts are attached 13 , designed to attach it to the main parachute and to regulate the tightness of the parachute to the parachutist’s body.

The reserve parachute attachment consists of a ribbon (LRT art. 159-T) and a carabiner. The factory markings are placed on the outside of the left side valve.

Metal hinges 12 sewn on the backpack perimeter tape to fasten the double backpack rubber of the upper valve in order to prevent the pilot parachute from getting caught on the tail nut of the semi-automatic device and to protect the parachutist from being hit by the tail nut of the semi-automatic device.

On the right side flap 16 located in the device pocket 14 for placing a semi-automatic device, carabiner pocket 15 , which serves as a pocket for a substitute passport card and for stowing a carabiner of a traction rope, a tie ribbon for attaching the device, a ring 20 for securing the traction rope, hose fastening tape 21 for laying a flexible hose when jumping with manual opening of the backpack.

Safety valve 19 , which is a continuation of the right side flap, is fastened with four turnstile buttons 17 after tightening the backpack.

Safety and bottom valves have metal plates 27 to add rigidity.

Bottom of the backpack 23 on the outside it has four pairs of loops 22 for attaching the harness to the backpack, belt loops 11 for guiding backpack rubbers.

At the bottom of the backpack, on the inside, along the sides and bottom of the perimeter of the stiffening frame, pockets are sewn, left and right 24 , and valve 31 , preventing the canopy placed in the cover from blowing off from the bottom of the backpack at the moment the parachute opens and ensuring consistent pulling of the cover with the canopy placed in it.

There is a backpack cord running along the inner sides of the pockets.
The pockets at the top flap of the backpack have holes 25 , under the facing of which metal rings are inserted for rigidity.

Rubber honeycombs are passed through the holes 26 , which are closed by bunches of slings. Rubber honeycombs are attached with a noose loop to a cord attached to the upper valve of the backpack near the stiffening frame. The cord and the place of attachment of the honeycomb with the cord are covered with belt loops.

1. Interior:

a) Two rubber honeycombs in the upper part of the backpack (participate in the formation of supporting valves - the two lower folds of the cover are placed in them)

b) Two support valves - they regulate the exit of the cover from the backpack

c) Lower safety valve – protects the lines from wear

2. External part

a) Right valve (when viewed from the back)

1. Four eyelets (1, 2, 4 – elements of the checker device, 3 – inspection)

2. Safety valve with rigid plate and 4 turnstiles

3. 3 fur coat loops for backpack rubbers

4. Wire ring for fixing the cable

5. Pocket for mounting a belay device

6. Flexible hose harness

b) Left valve

2. Wire ring with soft loop (<неразборч>)

3. Cone – element of the checking device

4. 3 fur coat loops

5. Factory and inventory numbers of the parachute

c) Bottom valve

1. Eyelet buckle

2. One fur coat loop

d) Top valve

2. Fur loop

3. Bayonet plate for mounting the belay device (guarantees that when the device is triggered, it will not be pulled towards the checking device)

4. 2 flexible hoses

3. Back of the backpack

a) 9 fur coat loops for backpack rubbers

b) 2 harnesses for passing backpack elastics (elastic bands must be passed through the harnesses!)

c) Harness for attaching the backpack to the harness (there are no large loads on the connection, the backpack can be unfastened from the harness, when the parachute is open there is no load on the backpack, only on the harness)

d) 2 scarves with ribbons for pulling up the reserve parachute (the ribbons after pulling up should be tied in a knot to prevent them from spontaneously loosening).

Laying is carried out by 2 people - laying (responsible for laying) and helping.

The parachute is stowed in stages:

a) checking the availability and serviceability of parachute parts

b) checking and preparing the PPK - U.

a) laying the main dome

b) putting the camera on the dome.

a) securing the camera with slings

b) laying the dome in the chamber

c) laying the slings in the chamber gazyr

d) preparing the stabilizing dome for installation

a) folding the stabilizer feathers and putting the camera on the stabilizing dome

b) locking the rings of the stabilizer feathers with the rings of the camera

c) laying the stabilizing dome and slings in the chamber

d) laying the camera with the main dome and slings laid on the bottom of the backpack

a) tightening the backpack valves

b) attaching a camera with a stabilizing dome to the parachute pack

c) preparation and installation of PPK-U

d) charging a double-cone lock

a) preparation of the suspension system

c) filling out passports

d) checking the parachute

d) placing the parachute in a carrying bag and sealing it

Tools for laying: camping cloth, hook - fork

When putting on a parachute before a jump, the carrying bag is placed under the chest bridge.

After landing you need to: unfasten the reserve parachute, pull the canopy “into the flag”, roll the lines into an “endless” loop, roll up the canopy: remove the harness with the backpack (the main canopy) and put it in the bag with the device facing up. The backpack should divide the bag into two parts: the suspension system is placed in one half, and the canopy with slings is placed in the other.

Topic No. 4.

Parachute safety device.

PPK-U

PPK-U– a semi-automatic parachute combined unified device designed for opening a parachute pack or inserting other devices; opening the parachute after a certain period of time or at a certain altitude. The device is used as a safety device on rescue, landing, reserve, training and sport parachutes, when the parachutist himself, for some reason, cannot open the parachute using the pull ring.

1. Device response range:

By time – from 2 to 5 seconds;

In height - from 0.3 to 8 kilometers;

2. The device operates in the temperature range from +60 0 to -60 0 at altitudes up to 35 km.

3. The force of the power springs in the cocked state is at least 28 kg.

4. The stroke of the exhaust ring is 70 mm.

5. The device is resistant to glue and dew.

6. The device is protected from debris getting into it.

7. The device is operational after remaining in the cocked state continuously for 12 months.

8. The full technical life is 1000 operations.

Main parts of the device:

2. Aneroid device

3. Clock mechanism

4. Exhaust device

5. Locking system

In addition, the PPK-U kit includes:

1. Flexible pin

2. Tool set

3. Passport

Topic No. 5

Theoretical basis parachute jump.

Air has certain properties: mass, pressure and density. Moving in the air mass, the body experiences air resistance. The main reason What creates resistance are the vortices that form around the body during its movement. For well-streamlined bodies, vortices appear only behind the body. In poorly bluffed bodies, they form over the entire surface. Bodies that cause strong vortex formation always experience high air resistance. As the size of the body increases, its resistance increases. Air resistance in the direction opposite to the movement of the body is called drag.

O - drag force.

Cx - resistance coefficient.

@ - air density

S is the largest cross-sectional area.

V - movement speed

The drag coefficient is determined experimentally, most often in wind tunnels. In airless space, the speed of a body's fall increases in proportion to time.

The deployment of the parachute can be divided into three periods;

Opening of the pilot chute (stabilizing) and its filling.

Pulling the cover out of the lines and pulling the cover off the canopy.

Filling the dome.

The 1st period depends little on the speed of fall and air density. This period takes 0.2 seconds.

The 2nd period depends on the speed of movement and air density and takes on average 0.3 - 0.5 seconds.

The 3rd period is the longest. The duration of the third period varies from 0.5 to 1.5 seconds.

Thus, the opening of the parachute takes 2-3 seconds and a distance of 60 -90 meters, the inertial load when opening the parachute occurs as a result of a rapid loss of speed and is perceived as a blow.

The larger the canopy, the less load there will be when the parachute opens. After deployment, the parachute falls under the power of air currents. If there is no wind, it falls vertically, but usually there is some movement air mass, and the parachute carries the parachutist where the wind blows.

Landing - the most difficult stage of the jump, requiring perfect knowledge of the rules, composure, prudence and the ability to control the parachute and your body. Factors influencing the magnitude of the parachutist's impact on the ground are: rate of descent, method of landing, wind speed, ground condition, and stability of movement. Impact characterizes the parachutist's loss of speed.

Thus, the body weight upon impact increases 17 times. And with a parachutist weighing 30 kg, it will exceed 1500 kg. But even when bending your knees and torso when landing, you must do it correctly, otherwise the effect will be insufficient. It is necessary to ensure that the tension in the legs and torso corresponds to the landing speed; in addition, in the art of soft landing, uniform tension of the mouse throughout the entire strike is very important.

Topic No. 6

Rules of movement on the airfield.

It's called an airfield land plot, specially equipped to ensure take-off, landing, parking, and maintenance of aircraft. The airfield, in order to determine the working part, must have restrictive signs indicating the runway (runway) and taxiway (taxiway). Near the landing site of the aircraft, to the left of the runway, a landing plane is laid out. In summer it is white, in winter it is black. In front and behind the “T”, limiters are laid out from the same panels. A “cross” is also laid out from the panels - the exact landing spot for paratroopers. Taxiways, aircraft parking areas and technical means at the start, the location of people is indicated by flags and signs. From among the experienced athletes, a starting outfit is assigned: a start duty officer and a landing area duty officer. Everyone at the start must be located in a specially designated “square” (start) for people. You can leave it only with the permission of the instructor. It is dangerous to be outside the square, especially sitting or lying in tall grass; the driver of a car serving flights may not notice a person in the grass and run over him.

Smoking on the airfield is permitted only in a specially designated area. Smoking and using open fire is strictly prohibited in the vicinity of aircraft, parachutes and technical equipment. Before walking along the airfield, you need to look around. To avoid getting hit by a plane or a descending parachutist. If there is an airplane on the way, then you need to go around it from behind, and helicopters in front, at a distance of no closer than 10 m. Groups of people should move around the airfield only in formation. You can cross the runway only with the permission of the RP (pallet manager), making sure that the plane is not taking off or landing. If you need to cross or move to the other side of the airfield, you must move outside the runway, or better yet, along the edge of the airfield. In this case, you should be careful in the air approach zone, near the beginning and end of the runway. A parachutist landing on a runway or taxiway must collect the parachute in his hands and quickly release it.

Topic No. 7

Familiarization with the aircraft.

The An-2 aircraft was created as an “air truck”, the engine power is 1000 hp. Maximum take-off weight 5500 kg. Biplane, with front landing gear. The main parts of the aircraft are the fuselage (semi-monocoque): wings, engine, landing gear, tail unit, equipment. Thanks to power plant(engine with propeller), it can acquire certain forward movements. Wherein air flow flows around the wings and, thanks to the profile, a lift force is created on them that can lift the plane off the ground. The tail and ailerons are used to control the aircraft in three planes during flight. The fuselage is used to accommodate the payload, in this case, parachutists. On board the An-2 aircraft, depending on the load, it is allowed to take up to 10 parachutists with a release. Parachutists board the plane in the reverse order of the jump, i.e. The skydiver enters first and jumps last. First of all, they occupy the seats on the right side of the cargo compartment. After the entire group boards the plane, the releasing instructor removes the step, closes the door, hooks the carabiners to the adapters and reports to the pilot. After gaining a height of 700 m, releasing the unlocked instruments on reserve parachutes. Jumps from an An-2 aircraft are performed both individually and in a series of two to 10 people. At the command “get ready,” the paratroopers sitting on the left side and assigned to release for the jump in a given approach turn their faces toward the door and take a ready position. The door is opened by the person releasing. Signals for a jump are given by the pilot: “get ready” - two short siren signals; “went” - a long siren beep; “set aside” - frequent siren beeps. The issuer duplicates the signals with his voice. At the command “go,” the paratroopers, one after another at intervals of 1-3 seconds, are separated from the aircraft by a “soldier.” To properly separate from the aircraft, the skydiver must place his left leg with the middle of his foot in the lower left corner of the door opening. At this moment, the right leg is half a step behind and, half-bent, separates from the plane, maintaining the position of the body. It is necessary to show the cadets the correct separation from the aircraft as a “soldier”, and then practically practice this technique with each cadet

Purpose:

The D-5 series 2 parachute is designed for training and combat jumps from military transport aircraft. It is highly reliable in opening. Unlike other parachutes, the D-5 Series 2 has a uniform stowage method. The parts of the parachute are inseparable - this reduces the time for collecting the material after landing.

T.T.D.:

Maximum speed aircraft, when jumping - 400 km/h

Maximum height, from which you can make a jump - 1000 meters.

The minimum safe altitude during stabilization is 3 seconds, the aircraft speed is 160 km/h - 200 meters.

The rate of descent with the paratrooper’s weight being 120 kg:

a) during stabilization – 35 m/sec.

b) on the main dome – 5 m/sec.

The force required to pull out the pilot chute ring is no more than 16 kgf.

Weight without belay device and bag – 13.8 kg

Weight in complete set– 15.5 kg

The device used is PPK - U - 240, reserve parachutes: Z - 5 and Z - 3

Parachute kit:

1. Stabilizing dome chamber

2. Stabilizing dome

3. Connecting link

4. Main dome chamber

5. Main dome

6. Hanging system

8. Double cone lock

9. Pull ring

10. PPK – U – 240

11. Carrying bag

12. Passport

STABILIZING DOME CHAMBER: designed for placing a stabilizing dome, slings and the upper part of the stabilizer into it. The camera has a cylindrical shape and is made of nylon aviazent. At the top of the camera base there is a carabiner with which the camera is attached to the extension in the aircraft. The carbine is attached to the camera using a nylon tape with a strength of 600 kg.

STABILIZING DOME: designed to ensure a stabilized descent of the parachutist and removal of the camera with the canopy and slings placed in it from the backpack. The stabilizing canopy consists of the canopy base, lines and stabilizer. The dome has the shape of a truncated cone with an area of ​​1.5 m. The dome is made of nylon fabric. To ensure that the dome is filled, an exhaust device is sewn into its upper part, consisting of eight pockets made of dyed canvas. On the outer side of the dome base, reinforcing tapes with a strength of 185 kg and circular tapes with a strength of 70 kg are stitched in the radial direction. The edge of the dome is reinforced by folding the fabric on the outside and stitched with nylon tapes with a strength of 185 kg. Sling length 50cm. The stabilizer consists of four feathers formed from two isosceles triangles, stitched in the center and made of nylon fabric. A ribbon is sewn onto each side of the feather, with a ring for securing them with the rings sewn on the stabilizing dome chamber.

CONNECTING LINK: designed to connect the stabilizing canopy to the pack during the stabilized descent stage and to the main canopy at all stages of operation. It is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1200 kg in two folds. In the upper part it forms a loop for attaching the stabilizer thimble. At a distance of 41 cm from the top loop, a loop of nylon tape is sewn to attach the halyards of the flexible pin of the device. The lower part of the connecting link branches out, forming power strips. Double-cone lock buckles are sewn into the ends of the power bands. A nylon tape (1200 kg) is sewn between the jumpers, forming a loop for attachment to the bridles of the main dome chamber. The triangle formed from the ribbons of the connecting link is covered on both sides with scarves made of nylon aircraft. On one side of the connecting link gussets there is a guide ring sewn for the halyard of the flexible pin of the device. On the power bands near the buckles there are arrows to control the correct installation and placement of the power bands on the double-cone lock.

MAIN DOME CHAMBER: designed for laying the main canopy and slings in it. The chamber has a cylindrical shape and is made of nylon fabric, into the lower part of which an elastic ring is inserted to ensure the orderly exit of the dome from the chamber. The surface of the chamber is reinforced with two nylon tapes, the first runs across the chamber on both sides, the second on one side. The ribbons form a bridle on the camera. A nylon cord is inserted into the hem of the upper base of the chamber for tightening it, gazyrs are sewn on the outside for laying slings, one central one, a group of right and left gazyrs. At the bottom of the chamber there are two pairs of removable rubber honeycombs. An apron is sewn on the reverse side, which has four windows (eyelets) to allow removable honeycombs to pass through.

MAIN DOME: designed for the safe descent and landing of a parachutist. It has the shape of a twenty-eight square made of nylon fabric. The dome area is 83 m2. The lower edge of the dome is reinforced with a nylon strip with a strength of 200 kg. To increase the strength of the dome, a frame of nylon tapes with a strength of 70 kg is sewn on the outside. which, intersecting, form a mesh on the surface of the dome, and along the perimeter of the dome there are 28 loops for attaching slings. In the center of the dome there is a stitched loop - a bridle made of nylon tape with a strength of 600 kg. Slings made of nylon cord with a strength of 150 kg are attached to the dome loops with a noose loop and subsequent stitching. The second ends of the slings are tied to the four buckles of the free ends of the suspension system and sewn with a zigzag stitch. To make it easier to control the installation of the canopy, lines 1 and 28 are painted green or marked with green loops, and line 14 is also marked in red for installation. The length of the slings is 9 meters. On the lower edge of the canopy, to the left of the lines, their serial numbers are indicated. Between lines 28 and 1 there is a factory mark.

SUSPENSION SYSTEM: is designed for convenient placement of a paratrooper in it and is the connecting link between the parachutist and the canopy. It ensures uniform distribution of the load on the parachutist. The suspension system is made of nylon tape with a strength of 1600 kg and

Comprises:

2. Rise ends.

3. Flexible hose.

4. Curved buckles.

5. 2 x dorso-shoulder girths.

6. Main strap.

7. Pocket for the extraction ring.

8. Chest bridge.

9. Bracket for attaching a reserve parachute.

10. Half belt.

11. Rectangular buckles.

12. 2 x leg loops.

SACK: designed for placing a canopy with slings placed in the chamber, parts of the free ends of the suspension system and placing a belay device into it, made of a nylon aircraft and consists of a bottom, right and left valves. The bottom of the backpack is double, a rigid frame is inserted into it. On the outside, at the top of the stiffening frame, there is a double-cone lock. There are two windows at the upper base of the frame. At the upper base of the bottom of the backpack, a flexible hose for the pull ring cable is sewn on the left side. At the bottom of the backpack, on the outside, there is a valve stitched to cover the double-cone lock. On the outer side there is a pocket for a passport sewn on the left scarf, on the right flap there is a pocket stitched with ribbon ties for the device and tape with a safety valve for the flexible pin halyard, and a rubber honeycomb is attached to the upper part of the right flap. At the top of the bottom of the backpack there is a semi-ring.

CARRYING BAG: designed for stowing a parachute in it during storage and transportation. Made from a cargo aircraft.

PARACHUTE DEVICE: designed for automatic opening of a double-cone lock, consists of a main body, a hose and a cable with an earring. We will study it in more detail in future classes.

PASSPORT: designed to record information about the acceptance, transfer, operation and repair of the parachute. The passport is an integral part of the parachute. The rules for maintaining a passport are set out in it.

• “Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating Airborne Forces Day, only one and a half thousand actually served in the airborne forces”
  

Today is Airborne Forces Day!

Airborne Forces Day!

Day of the Paratroopers or “Landing Forces”!

Of course, every year, the “Landing Forces” are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the “Watermelon” mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more tough on all kinds of lawlessness, on the one hand, on the other hand, we are fighting in some places around the world. And it has long been noticed that if the country’s Army leads real fighting, less people bathes in fountains and goes to protest rallies.

Therefore, the question is always relevant: how to distinguish a real paratrooper from one who simply puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe even wears a “Throwaway” tattoo, drinks in the fountain and tells army stories.

By the way, this is what distinguishes Muscovites. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that rotten soldiers are more often found among those drafted from Moscow...

Of course not all, there are many excellent fighters among the guys from Moscow. I myself had a “friend” from the Capital in the army.

But honestly, everyone knows that among the residents of Moscow there are “not very good comrades”, more than from the outskirts of the country...

In our company there was a “Muscovite”, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after “shar” (shar or sharatsya is another slang expression in the army and airborne forces) in civilian life. He was the released secretary of the Komsomol, I don’t remember where. There was a reprieve, but he got knocked up and was sent to serve in elite troops. I'm sure he bathes in the fountain and drinks in a beret and vest.

But for every real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the deceiver. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.

Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake “Landing”!

1. Where did you serve?

The answer to the Airborne Forces or DShB does not work, just like the DMB (this is demobilization!). As well as the place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan, and so on. Maybe he's heard enough army tales from his older brother or neighbor. By the way, addition, in the military camp of the airborne unit there may even be construction battalions. For example in Pskov. If anyone remembers, soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took photos in a “demobilization parade with axels” and a blue beret. They sent us home and boldly told us that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it secretly. The construction battalions were not very fond of landings. In Pskov, there was a garrison lip (gaubwatch), this is a place where soldiers and officers are detained for minor and major violations of military discipline. The lip was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division

2. Part number?

Each military unit has a number. The unit number is hammered into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine gun and military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.

3. What is the VUS?

VUS, this military registration specialty is written on the Military ID. If such a Landing is shown to you by his military officer, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military specialty (MRS) is an indication of the military specialty of an active or reserve service member of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the military service is entered into the military ID. All VUS are divided into groups; the VUS designation itself is a multi-digit number (for example, VUS-250400).

Possible list of military specialties

Apparently, there are no open sources containing decryption of the codes of all currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with the secrecy level “Secret”.

The first three digits of the VUS for warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:

100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launchers
106 - military reconnaissance
107 - units and units of the Special Forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - not having military training fit for military service
999 - the same thing, only LIMITEDLY fit for military service, etc.

The following three digits indicate the position (position code):

97 - ZKV
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - battery operator, etc.

The letter at the end indicates “special characteristics of the service”:

A - having none
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
S - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - construction parts and divisions
F - SpN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for warrant officers, sergeants, soldiers

4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-boggling numbers of 30-40-50, or maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. In general, parachute training is a mandatory condition of service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is parachuted - from the general to the private" - interview with Shamanov. For those who don’t know, Vladimir Shamanov is the Airborne Forces Commander and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jumping more than 20 times during military service was problematic. Because the soldier went on guard duty (this is when a man with a gun buries “Guba”, warehouses and parks with equipment), went on duty in the park (where the equipment is located), and finally on duty in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, set the table and washed the dishes), stood “on the bedside table” (company duty), and so on... In the army there was self-service, the soldier did everything himself and no one freed him to make the jump. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units where soldiers mainly train and perform for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a “squadron”. Conscripts were skydiver athletes who did nothing but jump and compete. But this is a separate caste, they even wore a unique uniform, officer’s greatcoats and shoulder straps of conscripts. The beginnings of a contract army. I'm not talking about contract sergeants and warrant officers. They were already professional soldiers then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. Just like now. Only “for demobilization” could they buy a “nausea” (a parachutist badge in the form of a dome with a pendant in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with a large number of jumps.

5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and special forces in every possible way can jump in several options.

I will give the simplest ones:

Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper's Backpack)

With taxiway and weapon in transport position. An assault rifle, SVD and even an RPG, in a special transport case, are “screwed” behind the back of the dashing landing force.

With taxiway and main body (Cargo Container)

With a combat weapon, on the chest under the chest strap of the harness. Allows you to fire while descending by parachute, straight from the sky.

Then there are night ones, in the forest, on the water, at high altitudes, and so on. Only no one jumps inside the equipment, although this option was developed for war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, made a parachute jump inside a BMD-1 back in 1973. For this feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, 20 years later... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who tells you about this is simply pi....!

6. Have you jumped with the ISS? For reference, the ISS is a Multidome system for landing equipment, for example the ISS-5-760. A person simply cannot jump with this crap. But I met Landing Forces who claimed that they jumped with it... In the Airborne Forces they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the canopy cover clings through an extension halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. They took me to the hatch and gave me a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for your first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing is not to twist the slings during installation. D-1-5U is the oldest controlled parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most films about the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers fly for some time on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy extends the main canopy of the parachute if you pull the ring or when a belay device like PPK-U is triggered. PPK-U - Semi-automatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to deploy the parachute pack (after a certain period of time at a certain altitude). Now they are planning to supply the D-10 to the troops. PSN - Parachute Special Purpose. I jumped with PSN-71, it is more controllable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to unlock) and locks on the suspension system. When landing, you can immediately unfasten the canopy. For example, in the wind, when jumping into water or in battle. Created for the GRU Spetsnaz and Airborne reconnaissance companies. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular “wings” or “mattresses” on which all athletes now jump. From PO-9, from the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous “Crossbows”. A conscript has never jumped with such canopies!

7. And finally, what is “Razor - Smile”? Or did they shave you with a smile? This is a flexible pin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and among civilian paratroopers, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys and so on. When straightened, the hairpin specifically catches the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army it is used to punish careless soldiers, and just for fun. Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Did they shave you with a smile? Only understandable to paratroopers.

In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I wrote will be enough to identify the fake paratroopers who disgrace the glorious name of Uncle Vasya’s Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!

Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!

I work as a fitness instructor. I have professional education and 25 years of coaching experience. I help people lose or gain weight muscle mass and at the same time maintain health. I conduct training via the Internet or at the Mamba fitness club in Rostov-on-Don.