Test questions for the work of melancholy. And make a test on this work (10 questions)

Lesson on (TRKM). One of the important problems of school education is the unwillingness of children to read fiction. On the one hand, the variety of multimedia information sources, a huge selection of entertainment programs pushes reading into the background. On the other hand, reading is of no interest to most. Therefore, the lessons of literature and the Russian language, where works of art are studied, cause difficulties for schoolchildren and teachers.

The use of critical thinking technology in the classroom, reading with stops makes the study of a literary text not only an exciting activity, but also develops students' ability to think critically, draw conclusions, and predict further developments.

An example of using this technique in a literature lesson is the proposed lesson.

The text of the story "Tosca" is not read by children in advance, we divide it into five parts, cut it and offer to read it "in parts", each time fixing our reflection by writing in the "Tree of Predictions" and predicting the further content of the story. The story is extraordinarily valuable because it allows one to raise important moral problems and, with a small volume (and therefore, with minimal time spent), serves as an excellent material for the study of writing skills.

Techniques used: appeal to personal experience, a basket of ideas, "Prediction Tree", reading with stops, essays.

lesson type - a lesson in mastering skills and abilities.

Lesson Form- lesson-workshop - allows students to relax, enter the creative laboratory of a writer or poet, concentrate on the acute problems of the time, which have not lost their relevance even now, master “in the process of reflective activity the topic being studied as their own”, create their own, albeit small, work, be positively evaluated at the end of the work.

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Lesson summary

Topic: The tragedy of human loneliness in the world of other people.

Lesson - workshop on the story of A.P. Chekhov "Tosca".

(extracurricular reading lesson)

Grade 7 MOU secondary school No. 132

I. Methodological comment

Lesson on critical thinking development technologies(TRCM). One of the important problems of school education is the unwillingness of children to read fiction. On the one hand, the variety of multimedia information sources, a huge selection of entertainment programs pushes reading into the background. On the other hand, reading is of no interest to most. Therefore, the lessons of literature and the Russian language, where works of art are studied, cause difficulties for schoolchildren and teachers.

An example of using this technique in a literature lesson is the proposed lesson.

Techniques used: appeal to personal experience, a basket of ideas, "Prediction Tree", reading with stops, essays.

lesson type - a lesson in mastering skills and abilities.

Lesson Form - lesson-workshop - allows students to relax, enter the creative laboratory of a writer or poet, concentrate on the acute problems of the time, which have not lost their relevance even now, master “in the process of reflective activity the topic being studied as their own”, create their own, albeit small, work, be positively evaluated at the end of the work.

II. Goals and objectives of the lesson

Training:

to interest students in the study of a new topic, to help think about the issues of being;
to make the reading process more efficient, to activate the process of interactive acquisition of information and collective reasoning about it for the purpose of critical reflection.

Developing:

ability to ask questions, independently formulate a hypothesis;
ability to solve problems;
the ability to develop one's own opinion on the basis of comprehension of various experiences, ideas and ideas;
the ability to express one's thoughts (orally and in writing) clearly, confidently and correctly in relation to others;
the ability to argue one's point of view and take into account the points of view of others;
in the process of reading with stops, encourage them to discuss the problems raised by the author.

Educational:

foster social responsibility;
educate an aesthetically prepared reader;
formation of the content of the concepts "little people", "insignificant people", "human loneliness"

III. Equipment:

1. The text of the story by A. P. Chekhov "Tosca", divided into five parts, each of which is given to schoolchildren in the process of reading;

2. The topic of the lesson is written on the board - A.P.'s story. Chekhov "Tosca", a problematic question: "In what situation (when) other people do not hear me?", "Prediction tree" for making a forecast in the process of reading.

3.Computer, projector, presentation

Lesson plan:

1. Introduction to the lesson. An associative array is built for the word melancholy, work with explanatory dictionaries.

2. The story "Longing". Challenge stage: we turn to personal experience that will help prepare students for a personal perception of the work. "Basket of Ideas".

3. Reading the text in small passages with a discussion of the content of each and a forecast of the development of the plot. Mandatory question: "What will happen next and why?"

4. Reflection. At this stage, the textconsidered as a whole.

5. Behavior of totals.The lesson ends with an essay on the topicThe lesson ends with reading and explaining the written answer options.

7. Evaluation of work in the lesson.

During the classes

Introduction to the lesson.

First, just the word “longing” should appear on the board and in notebooks, without giving the name of the author and the title of the lesson, in order to achieve “pure” reflection.

Yearning ... Write down the associative series for this word.When reading associative series, you can add those words that you consider “your”, but which did not immediately come to mind.

This is the beginning of the lesson that the students like. The associative series is built easily. A number of the most frequently occurring words are written on the board.

What do dictionaries tell us?(students look for the meaning of the word)

YEARNING (press) constraint of the spirit, languor of the soul, excruciating sadness; mental anxiety, anxiety, fear, boredom, grief, sadness, heartache, grief. ( Dictionary of V. Dahl)

TOSKA, -and, f. one. Mental anxiety, despondency. 2. Boredom, as well as (colloquial) sth. very boring and uninteresting. (S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language)

This is the title of a story by A.P. Chekhov. Why does it seem unusual for this writer?As the title suggests, this is not a humorous story.What is the peculiarity of Chekhov's serious story, we will reflect on this today.

Writing on the board and in a notebook:

The tragedy of human loneliness in the world of other people. Lesson - workshop on the story of A.P. Chekhov "Tosca".

Communication of the purpose and objectives of the lesson.

Goals and objectives of the lesson:to show the tragedy of human loneliness in the world of other people in the story of A.P. Chekhov "Tosca", explore the author's writing skills, create conditions for the development of reader's taste, the ability to seetext and understand it.

Teacher's word. Reading, watching a movie, following the development of some events, we sometimes say: “I did not expect this!” A person is so arranged that he always strives to look ahead, to predict the future, in a word, to predict. There is such a thing as a reader's forecast.

- And what kind of books do you like to read more: those in which you can easily guess what will happen to the characters, or those in which the plot has completely unexpected twists and turns? Why?

We will read the story in parts, “with stops”, and see which writers A. Chekhov belongs to - those whose thoughts are easy to predict, or those who know how to interest, or even stun the reader with unexpected plot twists.

2. Challenge.

At the challenge stage, we turn to personal experience, which will help prepare students for the personal perception of the work.

The sentence is written on the board:“In what situation (when) can other people not hear me?”.To answer the question, the “basket of ideas” technique is used.

Students' responses are written on the blackboard.

not interested,

think about their

do not take into account your point of view,

deliberately ignored

do not want.

Discussing the answers received, students come to the conclusion: “People are deaf!”

3. Understanding - reading the text in small passages with a discussion of the content of each and a forecast of the development of the plot. Mandatory question: "What will happen next and why?"

Let's see how A.P. solves this problem, the problem of human deafness. Chekhov in the story "Tosca"

(The story is not read in advance).

YEARNING

To whom shall we sing my sorrow?

Evening twilight. Large wet snow swirls lazily around the newly lit lanterns and lies in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, hats. The driver, Ion Potapov, is all white as a ghost. He is bent as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, he sits on the goats and does not move. If a whole snowdrift fell on him, then even then, it seems, he would not have found it necessary to shake off the snow from himself ... His horse is also white and motionless. With its immobility, angularity of forms and stick-like straightness of legs, even close up, it looks like a penny gingerbread horse. She is probably lost in thought. Whoever was torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous fires, restless crackling and running people, one cannot help but think ...

First stop

Possible question:

What does the story begin with? (From the description of nature. Wet snow falls lazily on everything around and on Jonah.)

Where are the events taking place?(City landscape. (Quote) This is a landscape - moods. Why is it given by the author? (Against its background, the emotional experiences of the hero are revealed)

Who is the hero of the work? Why do we see Iona Potapov in this state?(Grief, melancholy).

Why is Jonah in such a state? your forecast.

Jonah and his horse have not moved for a long time. They left the yard before dinner, but there was still no initiative. But then the evening mist descends on the city. The pallor of street lamps gives way to vibrant color, and the bustle of the street grows noisier.

Driver, to Vyborgskaya! - Jonah hears. - A cab driver!

Jonah shudders and through his eyelashes covered with snow sees a military man in a hooded overcoat.

To Vyborg! - repeats the military man. - Are you sleeping, or what? To Vyborg!

As a sign of agreement, Jonah pulls the reins, which causes layers of snow to fall from the back of the horse and from his shoulders ... The military man gets into the sleigh. The driver smacks his lips, stretches out his neck like a swan, rises and, more out of habit than out of necessity, waves his whip. The horse also stretches its neck, twists its stick-like legs and hesitantly moves from its place ...

Where are you going, goblin! - at first, Jonah hears exclamations from a dark, moving back and forth mass. - Where the hell are they going? Keep it right!

You don't know how to drive! Keep your rights! - angry military.

The coachman scolds from the carriage, looks angrily and shakes off the snow from his sleeve a passer-by who crossed the road and ran his shoulder into the muzzle of a horse. Jonah fidgets on the goats, as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and drives his eyes like a madman, as if he does not understand where he is and why he is here.

What scoundrels! - the military man jokes. - They strive to collide with you or get under a horse. This is what they talked about.

Jonah looks back at the rider and moves his lips... He apparently wants to say something, but nothing comes out of his throat except a hiss.

What? - asks the military.

Jonah twists his mouth with a smile, tightens his throat and hoots:

And my sir, my son died this week.

Hm! .. Why did he die?

Jonah turns his whole body to the rider and says:

And who knows! It must have been from a fever ... He lay in the hospital for three days and died ... God's will.

Roll up, devil! - resounds in the darkness. - Has it climbed out, or something, old dog? Look with your eyes!

Ride, ride ... - says the rider. - So we won’t get there until tomorrow. Bring it on!

The driver again cranes his neck, rises, and swings his whip with heavy grace. Several times afterwards he looks back at the rider, but the latter has closed his eyes and is apparently in no mood to listen. Having dropped him off at Vyborgskaya, he stops at a tavern, bends over on the goats and again does not move ... Wet snow again paints him and the horse white. An hour passes, then another...

Second stop

Possible questions:

Do we see a portrait of the hero in the story? (No, the internal state is described - this is important).

What is the cause of grief, longing?(son died)

How does the soldier react (does he hear) to Jonah's story about the death of his son?(The master utters the duty phrase. He no longer listens to Jonah.) Why?

Who do you thinkdid Iona Potapov tell his story?

on the board "Tree of predictions" :

On the pavement, loudly banging their galoshes and squabbling, are three young people: two of them are tall and thin, the third is small and hunchbacked.

Driver, to the Police Bridge! the hunchback shouts in a rattling voice. “Three ... two kopecks!”

Jonah pulls the reins and smacks his lips. The price of two kopecks is not similar, but he is not up to the price ... What a ruble, what a nickel - it doesn’t matter to him now, there would only be riders ... Young people, pushing and swearing, approach the sleigh and all three immediately climb onto the seat. The solution of the question begins: who two should sit, and who should the third stand? After a long squabble, capriciousness and reproaches, they come to the decision that the hunchback should stand like the smallest.

Well, drive! the hunchback rattles, settling down and breathing into the back of Jonah's head. Yes, and you have a hat, brother! You won't find worse in all of St. Petersburg...

G-s... ge-s... - Jonah laughs. - What is ...

Well, you, what you are, drive! So are you going all the way? Yes? What about the neck?

My head is cracking ... - says one of the long ones. - Yesterday at the Dukmasovs, Vaska and I drank four bottles of cognac.

I don't understand why lie! - the other long one gets angry. - He lies like a beast.

God bless me, really...

This is as true as the fact that a louse coughs.

Gee! - Jonah grins. - Cheerful gentlemen!

Ugh, damn you! .. - the hunchback is indignant. - Will you go, old cholera, or not? Is that how they drive? Bite her with a whip! But damn! But! Pretty her!

Jonah feels behind him the spinning body and the voice trembling of the hunchback. He hears abuse addressed to him, sees people, and the feeling of loneliness gradually begins to recede from his chest. Gorbach swears until he chokes on a frivolous, six-story curse and coughs. The long ones start talking about some kind of Nadezhda Petrovna. Jonah looks back at them. After waiting for a short pause, he looks around again and mutters:

And this week I have ... that's it ... my son died!

We'll all die ... - the humpback sighs, wiping his lips after coughing. - Well, drive, drive! Gentlemen, I absolutely cannot go on like this! When will he take us?

And you lightly cheer him up ... in the neck!

Old cholera, do you hear? After all, I'm crutching my neck! .. To stand on ceremony with your brother, so walk on foot! .. Do you hear, Serpent Gorynych? Or do you not care about our words?

And Jonah hears more than feels the sounds of a slap on the back of the head.

Gee ... - he laughs. - Merry gentlemen ... God bless!

Driver, are you married? - asks the long one.

Am I? G-s ... cheerful gentlemen! Now I have one wife - damp earth ... Hee-ho-ho ... A grave, that is! to go to me, she to her son ...

And Jonah turns around to tell how his son died, but then the hunchback sighs lightly and declares that, thank God, they have finally arrived. Having received two kopecks, Jonah looks for a long time after the revelers disappearing into the dark entrance. Again he is alone, and again silence sets in for him... The melancholy that has subsided for a while reappears and bursts his chest with even greater force. Jonah's eyes anxiously and martyrically run through the crowds scurrying along on both sides of the street: is there not at least one of these thousands of people who would listen to him? But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or the anguish... An enormous longing that knows no bounds. Burst Jonah's chest and pour out of her melancholy, so she would seem to flood the whole world, but, nevertheless, she is not visible. She managed to fit into such an insignificant shell that you will not see her during the day with fire ...

Third stop

Possible questions:

Who are the next passengers?(Three young people).

- What does he want now, what is missing?(Attention and empathy. Loneliness is like sticky snow, it is impossible to get rid of it.)

What detail confirms our observations?(“Three ... a two-kopeck piece! Jonah pulls the reins and smacks. A two-kopeck price is not similar, but it’s not up to the price ... What a ruble, what a nickel - it’s all the same for him now, there would only be riders ...”)

What do the young people say when the cabbie talks about his son?("We're all going to die"). Why do they say so?(Youth, indifference)

Did Jonah feel better after talking to the young people?(“The longing that subsided for a while reappears ...”).

Jonah sees a janitor with a bag and decides to talk to him.

Darling, what time will it be now? he asks.

Tenth... Why did he become here? Come on!

Jonah moves back a few steps, bends over and gives himself over to longing... He considers it useless to address people. But before five minutes pass, he straightens up, shakes his head, as if he felt a sharp pain, and pulls the reins ... He is unbearable.

“To the courtyard,” he thinks. “To the court!”

And the horse, as if understanding his thought, begins to trot. An hour and a half later, Jonah is already sitting near a large dirty stove. People are snoring on the stove, on the floor, on the benches. There is a "spiral" and stuffiness in the air... Jonah looks at the sleeping people, scratches himself and regrets that he returned home so early...

“And I didn’t go out for oats,” he thinks. “That’s why this longing. A man who knows his business ... who is full himself, and the horse is full, is always calm ... "

In one of the corners a young cab driver rises, quacks sleepily and reaches for a bucket of water.

Wanted to drink? Jonah asks.

So, drink!

So ... To your health ... And my brother, my son died ... Heard? This week in the hospital... History!

Jonah watches the effect his words have, but sees nothing. The young man covered himself with his head and was already asleep. The old man sighs and scratches... As the young one was thirsty, so he wants to talk. It will soon be a week since the son died, and he has not yet spoken to anyone ... We need to talk clearly, with the arrangement ... We need to tell how the son fell ill, how he suffered, what he said before his death, how he died .. You need to describe the funeral and the trip to the hospital for the clothes of the deceased. Anisya's daughter remained in the village... And we need to talk about her... But you never know what he can talk about now? The listener must groan, sigh, lament ... And talking to women is even better. Though they are fools, they roar from two words.

Fourth stop.

Possible questions:

Who else is Jonah talking to?(To the janitor, a young cab driver).

Why don't they listen to him?(Once, awake).

Why A.P. Chekhov “forces” a young driver to drink water?(The thirst is strong, how strong is the desire to tell).

Question-forecast: - Who do you think Iona Potapov told his story to?We turn to the "Tree of predictions"(Horses) Why?

Find in paragraph 1 of the text a detail that indicates that only a horse can “listen” to Jonah, “understand” him.(About the horse it is said: “It is, in all probability, immersed in thought. Whoever was torn away from the plow, from the usual gray paintings and thrown here, into this pool full of monstrous fires, restless cod and running people, one cannot but think about it ... ”Here the horse becomes a kind of alter ego of Jonah: both of them are cut off from the house, from the village world, familiar environment.)It would seem that the situation of revelation with a horse can cause a smile, but the author managed to concentrate the reader's attention on the hero's loneliness and suffering.

After the discussion, the text is read to the end. (As an option, I suggest watching an excerpt from the film "Carousel")

“Go see the horse,” Jonah thinks. “You will always have time to sleep ... I suppose you will get enough sleep ...”

He dresses and goes to the stable where his horse is standing. He thinks about oats, hay, the weather... When he is alone, he cannot think about his son... You can talk about him with someone, but it is unbearably creepy to think and draw his image for yourself...

Are you chewing? - Iona asks his horse, seeing her shining eyes. me ... That was a real cabby ... If only I could live ...

Jonah is silent for a while and continues:

So, brother filly ... Kuzma Ionych is gone ... He ordered to live long ... He took it and died in vain ... Now, let's say, you have a foal, and you are the mother of this foal ... And suddenly, let's say, this same foal ordered to live long ... Isn't it a pity?

The horse chews, listens and breathes into the hands of its owner...

Jonah gets carried away and tells her everything...

1886

What feeling does the end of the story evoke?

4. Reflection.

At this stage, the textconsidered as a whole. At the stage of reflection, we first turn to the epigraph “To whom shall we send my sorrow?..”

Question:

Before us is a rhetorical question. How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph?(People do not want to hear me, they are deaf, so I can turn to God, who cannot refuse me).

Teacher's word: The epigraph that precedes the story introduces the reader into an atmosphere of global anguish, cosmic loneliness. This is the first line of a spiritual verse conveying the lamentations of the biblical Joseph, son of Jacob, who was sold into slavery by his brothers:

To whom shall we sing my sorrow,
Whom shall I call to weeping?
Only you, my lord,
My sadness is known.

The name of the driver also evokes biblical associations: Jonah is the most ancient of the prophets, whose writings are included in the Bible. Before us is not just the story of a little man with his sorrows and pain, but the story of a Man, alone in the world of other people.

Then we turn to the students' answers written on the board at the beginning of the lesson, when the “basket of ideas” technique was used and choose the most accurate one from the list.(Do not want).

And so Chekhov's story ended. Was it interesting to read it? What surprised you as you read the story?

The story is very short, but can it be said that it is difficult to read it? Why?

Did “stop-reading” help you understand the story better, and if so, in what ways? Was the reader's prediction useful (and why)?

Is Chekhov's view of man optimistic or pessimistic?

What feelings did the story evoke in you? What would you do if you were Jonah's passengers?

What would we advise ourselves and other people passing by human grief?

5. Behavior of totals.

Writing an essay (to the music of Brahms) on the topic“Can the story be considered important for our time as well?”The purpose of the essay is reflection in writing, reflecting the student's opinion, his point of view, consistent with his experience - a reflective assessment of what has been studied. The lesson ends with reading and explaining the written answer options.

Entry in the output notebook:

In the story “Tosca”, the writer highlights the problems of a person’s loneliness in society, mutual misunderstanding of people, and their alienation.In order to restore the normality of human relations and the integrity of being, the most important thing is to be compassionate, respect your neighbors.

And this is one of the secrets of Chekhov's art. You will meet him again.

Chekhov's works are devoid of teaching. Chekhov was not going to teach, to impose his opinion. Chekhov's contemporary critics sometimes accused him of objectivism. Say, he doesn't accuse, doesn't scold, doesn't regret... Don't we feel sorry for Jonah and other heroes? Chekhov presents their images in stories in such a way that the reader's heart shrinks. In his works, trust in the reader, conversation on an equal footing, counting on responsiveness, impressionability, vital observation, empathy.

Chekhov's stories have an open ending. The writer hopes that the reader will have a ""second sight"", and he will see between the lines. This has to do with homework.

6. Explanation of homework.

Write a continuation of the story on the topic "Jonah's conversation with the horse."

7. Evaluation of work in the lesson.

assessment by the teacher and students of the individual work of students;
assessment of the perception, activity and performance of the class as a whole.

Drozdova Irina Valentinovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, secondary school №132, o. Samara

Regional state state educational institution

"Boarding school for students

with disabilities No. 26 "

MO teachers of the humanities cycle

Literature test

"Stories of A.P. Chekhov"

for grade 7

Literature teacher

Tulupova Larisa Sergeevna

Ulyanovsk, 2017

annotation

This methodological work is materials for conducting a test on the stories of A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon", "Intruder", "Longing", "Scum" and can be used to check the level of assimilation of the content of these stories.

Instruction

The test is given 20-25 min. The specified time and its variability are due to the fact that this testing is carried out at a school for students with severe speech impairments, which increases the time required for students to read and comprehend the formulated question. In a general education school, the time to complete this test can be reduced up to 15 min.

Students must choose the correct answer from the given options for each question. The answer must be entered in the “Answers” form attached to the test, which students fill out by entering their full name, class and answers. No notes are made on the test form!

For each correct answer, the student receives 1 point. Points are summed up and taken into account when grading in accordance with test evaluation criteria(attached).

At the end of the test, it is analyzed with comments on the correct answers.

Before the test, students are given explanations on the technique of its implementation, as well as some tips:

Don't stay too long on one task. If you are in doubt about the answer, you should go to the next question, and at the end of the work, return to the missed tasks.

For each question you give only one answer.

The letter designation of the correct, in your opinion, answer must be entered in the "Answers" form. This form must be completed: indicate the full name. (in the genus case) and class.

You have 20-25 minutes to complete the task. Successful work!

Key to validate the test (answers):

Test evaluation criteria:

"5" - 14 - 15 points,

"four" - 10 - 13 points

"3" - 6 - 9 points

"2" - 1 - 5 points

"one"- 0 points

Blank with test

1. In what city was A.P. Chekhov born?

a) in Taganrog; b) in Tambov; c) Thule.

2. At what faculty of the university did he study?

a) legal; b) philosophical; c) medical.

3. The main character of "Chameleon":

a) Ochumelov; b) Ovsov; c) Denis Grigoriev.

4. Ochumelov's attitude towards Khryukin is changing due to the fact that he:

a) figured out what happened; b) felt sorry for the goldsmith; c) found out whose dog it is.

5. Who in the story of A.P. Chekhov can be called a "cha-meleon"?

a) Ochumelov; b) Khryukin; c) Eldyrin; d) cooks; d) a crowd of onlookers.

6. The meaning of the name of the story "Chameleon" is due to the fact that:

a) Ochumelov either takes off or puts on his overcoat;

b) the warden changes his passions and beliefs, like a chameleon changes its color.

7. Portrait of the hero from The Intruder: “... A small, extremely skinny little man in a mottled shirt and patched ports. His hairy, rowan-eaten face and eyes<...>have an expression of sullen severity. On his head there is a whole hat of long unkempt, tangled hair ... ”- testifies to him:

a) poverty b) laziness; c) efficiency.

8. What crime was Denis Grigoriev accused of?

a) intentionally caused damage to the railway;

b) theft on the railway;

c) personal insult.

9. What Peasants Used Nuts For?

a) strengthen the furniture; b) used in agriculture; c) made weights.

10. To whom does Mitrofan Petrov sell the seine?

a) gentlemen; b) peasants; c) ass.

11. What is the profession of the main character of Chekhov's story "Tosca" by Iona Potapov:

a) worker; b) a driver; c) a jeweler

12. What grief that Iona Potapov is trying to tell about happened in his family:

a) his wife died b) the house burned down; c) the son died.

13. Who at the end of the story "Tosca" listens to the story of Iona Potapov:

a) military; b) young people; c) janitor; d) a horse.

14. What is the profession of the heroine of Chekhov's story "Scum" Yulia Vasilievna:

a) governess; b) a cook; c) maid.

a) constantly complains of feeling unwell;

b) bad and tasteless cooking;

c) cannot take care of himself.

Answer sheet

Test based on the stories of A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon", "Intruder", "Longing", "Scum"

students ____ 7th grade _______________________________________________

Answers:

1.__ 2.__ 3.__ 4.__ 5.__ 6.__ 7.__ 8.__ 9.__ 10.___ 11.__ 12.__ 13.__ 14.__ 15.__

To whom shall we sing my sorrow?
Evening twilight. Large wet snow swirls lazily around freshly lit lanterns and lies in a thin, soft layer on roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, hats.
The driver, Ion Potapov, is all white as a ghost. He is bent as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the goats and does not move. If a whole snowdrift fell on him, then even then, it seems, he would not have found it necessary to shake off the snow from himself ... His horse is also white and motionless. With its immobility, angularity of forms and stick-like straightness of legs, even close up, it looks like a penny gingerbread horse.
She is probably lost in thought. Whoever was torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous fires, restless crackling and running people, one cannot help but think ...
Jonah and his horse have not moved for a long time. They left the yard before dinner, but there was still no initiative. But then the evening mist descends on the city. The pallor of street lamps gives way to vibrant color, and the bustle of the streets grows noisier.
- Carrier, to Vyborgskaya! Jonah hears. - Carrier!
Jonah shudders and through his eyelashes covered with snow sees a soldier in a hooded overcoat.
- To Vyborgskaya! - repeats the military. - Yes, you sleep, or what? To Vyborg!
As a sign of agreement, Jonah pulls the reins, which causes layers of snow to fall from the back of the horse and from his shoulders ... The military man gets into the sledge. The driver smacks his lips, stretches out his neck like a swan, rises and, more out of habit than out of necessity, waves his whip.
The horse also stretches out its neck, twists its stick-like legs and indecisively moves from its place ...
- Where are you going, goblin! - at the very first, Jonah hears exclamations from a dark, moving back and forth mass. - Where the hell are they? Keep it right!
- You can't drive! Keep your rights! - angry military.
The coachman scolds from the carriage, looks angrily and shakes off the snow from his sleeve a passer-by who crosses the road and bumps his shoulder into the muzzle of a horse. Jonah fidgets on the goats, as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and drives his eyes like a madman, as if he does not understand where he is and why he is here.
- What all scoundrels! - jokes the military. - So they strive to collide with you or get under a horse. This is what they talked about.
Jonah looks back at the rider and moves his lips... He apparently wants to say something, but nothing comes out of his throat except a hiss.
- What? - asks the military.
Jonah twists his mouth with a smile, strains his throat and hoots:
- And I have, sir, tovo ... my son died this week.
- Hm! .. Why did he die?
Jonah turns his whole body to the rider and says:
- Who knows! It must have been from a fever ... He lay in the hospital for three days and died ... God's will.
- Turn, devil! - resounds in the dark. - Got out, or something, old dog?
Look with your eyes!
- Go, go ... - says the rider. - We won't get there until tomorrow.
Bring it on!
The driver again cranes his neck, rises and, with heavy grace, swings his whip.
Several times afterwards he looks back at the rider, but the latter has closed his eyes and is apparently in no mood to listen. Having dropped him off at Vyborgskaya, he stops at a tavern, bends over on the box, and again does not move ... Wet snow again paints him and the horse white. An hour passes, then another...

Short answer questions

1 option

1. What is the name of the saying that precedes the work and expresses its main idea?

2. What is the description of nature in a literary work called?
Evening twilight. Large wet snow swirls lazily around the newly lit lanterns and lies in a thin soft layer on the roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, hats ...

3. Indicate the name of the visual medium: The driver Ion Potapov is all white as a ghost.

Wet snow again paints him and the horse white.

5. What is the name of the visual medium?
Whoever was torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous fires, restless crackling and running people, one cannot help but think ...

Option 2

1. Name the type of literature to which the work belongs.

2. What is the name of the description of the appearance of the hero of a literary work?
The driver, Ion Potapov, is all white as a ghost. He is bent as far as it is possible for a living body to bend, sits on the goats and does not move.

3. Specify the name of the visual medium: Large wet snow swirls lazily around freshly lit lanterns and lies in a thin, soft layer on roofs, horses' backs, shoulders, hats.

4. What is the name of the means of allegorical expressiveness?
She (horse), in all likelihood, is immersed in thought. Whoever was torn away from the plow, from the usual gray pictures and thrown here into this pool full of monstrous fires, restless crackling and running people, one cannot help but think ...

5. Specify the name of the visual medium:
Jonah fidgets on the goats, as if on pins and needles, pokes his elbows to the sides and drives his eyes like a madman, as if he does not understand where he is and why he is here.

ANSWERS

1 option

1. epigraph
2. landscape
3. comparison
4. metaphor // personification
5. epithet

Option 2

1. epic
2. portrait
3. epithet
4. impersonation
5. comparison