In winter, it is difficult to sleep in the river. Control and measuring materials for the textbook edited by M.M. Razumovskaya, “Russian language. Grade 5

rudd

For the onset of winter, all living things prepare in their own way: migratory birds fly south, forest animals stock up on warm coats and food supplies, and some cozy places for hibernation. How do fish winter? After all, rivers and lakes for long winter months covered with thick ice!

Wintering pits

Different types of fish unequally wait out this difficult period. Many species of heat-loving fish, such as bream, carp, tench, gather in October-November huge flocks and go to wintering pits. Here they spend about 3 months practically without movement, like herring in a barrel! Those fish that are at the very bottom even develop bedsores on their belly. At the same time, fish of the same species and age hibernate together. The fish cling to each other, and the cold is not so terrible for them.

Catfish are attached higher, near the wintering pits. This is explained by the fact that in the pit itself, already a month after the formation of the ice cover, there is less oxygen, which catfish really do not like.

Ice hunting

Predatory fish do not hide in wintering pits. But for some reason, the inhabitants of such pits are not touched, although they could thus provide themselves with a satisfying existence for the whole winter. Perhaps the predators have their own concepts of justice?

For the most part, pikes, perches and pike perches hunt for those fish that do not care about the ice shell above their heads, and they do not leave their usual habitats - these are roach, bleak, top and ruff.

The semi-darkness formed under the layer of ice creates especially favorable conditions for predators to hunt. In the early days of winter predatory fish they hunt especially actively, and fishermen call this zhor of a predator "first ice".

Winter is joy

There are also fish for which winter is not a burden, but on the contrary - the most best time of the year! Such is the burbot. Warm water depresses him. In summer, when the water temperature is above 15 C, the burbot ceases to feed and falls into hibernation, hiding under coastal holes, under large stones or snags. And if the temperature is above 27 C, this fish will die altogether! Only in autumn, when it cools noticeably in the rivers, burbot wakes up and begins to feed.

Traveler fish

Some fish do not want to change their way of life in winter. They prefer to move to more warm waters. So, for example, the anchovy, which lives in the Sea of Azov, feeds intensively in the summer, accumulating fat. With the cooling of the water, it migrates through the Kerch Strait to the Black Sea and winters there, plunging to a depth of 100 - 150 meters, where the water is warmer.

Frozen fish

And if the reservoir is shallow, stagnant and freezes through in winter? There are such lakes in the Arctic. Their inhabitants - common crucian carp and black fish dallium with the onset of winter burrow into the silt. When such reservoirs freeze to the very bottom, the fish often find themselves frozen into the ice. But, even being in ice captivity, they do not die. In the spring, when the reservoirs thaw, the dallium comes to life and in the short polar summer manages to fatten itself and leave offspring. These are the incredibly hardy inhabitants of the water!

Current page: 11 (total book has 19 pages) [accessible reading excerpt: 13 pages]

According to Yu. Dmitriev

Animal dwellings

Many animals build their own homes. Chimpanzees sleep in nests. Nests are built near the tops of trees. There the monkey feels safe. Chimpanzees make their own bedding of leaves. To do this, the monkeys bend the branches. The female mouse also builds a house for her babies. She tears the blades of grass into strips and twists them into a nest. It is always warm in it. In their dwellings, animals warm themselves and take refuge from danger. (64 words)

How lizards hunt

Lizards sneak up on the insect, rush and grab it. And the reticulated lizard eats the larvae. She can smell them through the sand. Gray monitor lizard crawls into burrows to gerbils. komodo dragon kills prey with its tail. He even grabs wild boars and deer with his teeth. The flying dragon lizard is looking for butterflies and ants on knots. And chameleons shoot with a long tongue with a blotch at the end. They beat flies and grasshoppers like a cracker. (64 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Mushrooms

Mushrooms - amazing plants. They have no roots, stems, leaves. Many of them are edible, while others are poisonous.

The edible part rises above the surface of the earth. The rest of the plant lies underground in the form of a mass of white intertwined threads. These threads are called mycelium. The fungus grows from spores. Where do they come from? The mushroom is ripe. Spores fall out of his hat. Whitish buds appear on the threads in the form of cones. Mushrooms grow from cones. (65 words)

King Cobra

The king cobra is the longest venomous snake on Earth. Its length is often more than five meters. She usually hunts poisonous snakes. An interesting cobra is the construction of nests for eggs. For the nest, she prepares leaves and branches. Cobra guards its masonry. At this time, she can attack people. But not just like that. But only if they pass close to the nest. A snake's venom can kill a person. (66 words)

Miracles in the testicle

An egg lies in the sand. Here it swayed. A piece of shell fell out. A bird's nose appeared. Funny like that. Thick and short. And then a turtle crawled out of the egg. Itself with a piglet. Eyes like a snake. Spatula legs. One bird's nose. Deftly runs. It was as if she had been running on the sand all her life. Then other turtles climbed out of the sand. They crawled out of the eggs. They crawled out of the sand. How big. Only as tall as a button. (67 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Bee

The bee is very ancient word. It used to be written and pronounced differently. In Ukraine, even now they call the bjola bee. In the first sounds of this word, you can hear the buzzing of a bee. This name was given to the bee for its characteristic buzzing during flight. The bee handles the flowers very carefully and carefully. She will not bite through the skin, will not accept the petals. She needs nectar and pollen. But for these gifts, she herself bestows generously. (67 words)

According to A. Vvedenskaya

medicinal plants

There are many plants that can benefit people. Since ancient times, people have used them to treat diseases. But some parts of the same plant can be useful, while others are poisonous. Potatoes have edible tubers, but the berries are poisonous.

Some plants use flowers, others use bark, and others use leaves. Decoctions are often prepared from the leaves. Ointments are made from milky juice. Many plants store medicinal substances in fruits. (67 words)

bell ringing

How do the bells sound? Each bell has its own voice. Blagovest called slowly and heavily. Nabat shouted hastily. He proclaimed fire, flood, and every calamity. The security bell thumped in a storm, a blizzard. He showed the way to travelers. Clock bells were invented in Belgium and Holland. The sky is low there. There are often fogs. It is difficult to see the dial on the towers. So they added a bell ringing to them. This is how chimes appeared in many other countries. (67 words)

How do turtles hunt?

Marine and land turtles eat grass and algae. Steppe turtles eat mushrooms to the crumbs. And swamps can catch fish and water larvae. The fishes pinch the water turtle by the outgrowths on the body. The turtle opens its mouth wide and sucks them up like a vacuum cleaner. Another turtle likes to fish for a worm. Her tongue is red and writhing like a worm. The stupid little fish pecks and gets into the turtle's mouth. (67 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Pelican

The pelican has long captured the imagination of impressionable people. AT ancient egypt pelicans lived like domestic birds and carried eggs to them. The Indians also tamed pelicans. But they had a different purpose. The pelican caught the fish and gave it to the man. Some pelicans are pink, while others are grey. In gray pelicans, the feathers on the head are, as it were, curly. Such pelicans are called curly. And pink pelicans are called pink. These are two different types. (68 words)

Electric ramps

The stingray is a large predatory sea fish. Something like living batteries is hidden in the body of the stingray. A lot of them. Each individually weak, and all together give a fairly strong electric current. The stingray does not always use its electric weapon. Only when he feels danger or while hunting. Such a blow instantly kills the fish. Even a person can be knocked down. But living batteries only work for a moment. Then the ramp accumulates electricity for a long time. (68 words)

By A. Dietrich

fish

Have fun underwater on a sunny day. Fry swim up to the sandy meadows. There they take sunbathing. The fry crowded in the clearing and wagged their tails. The little ones are very busy. Then they suck the leaves. Their leaves are like green nipples. They hang on the algae with shining dewdrops. Greedy grab mosquitoes. Suddenly a terrible shadow swept over the heads of the kids. It was a swallow. The little ones were scared. But the swallow flew away. Everyone immediately perked up. Fish do not like to be discouraged! (68 words)

Bear

The bear came out into the clearing. There are gray stones in the clearing. The bear began to turn over the stones. I look at the clubfoot and do not understand anything. Why does he dry the stones? Is it for mushrooms? I would like to ask. Yes, it's scary. The bear will not see it and crush it. I shut up and keep looking. The bear turned over the last stone and stuck his nose into the hole. Everything cleared up. The bear does not dry the stones, but looks for a place to live under the stones. He loves bugs and mice. (68 words)

To N. Sladkov

Felt

The art of making felt is based on the property of wool to interlock, fall off. It became known to pastoral peoples in ancient times. Fine felt products appeared long before the invention of spinning. Wonderful carpets, coverings for dwellings, shoes and clothes were made from felt. Felt cloths were decorated with embroidery. The manufacture of such products was carried out by special masters of wool beaters. They constituted one of the famous and respected groups of artisans. Felt carpets continue to be made today. (69 words)

How caves are formed

Holes are washed out in limestone by acidic waters. There are caves. They are also called salt caves.

Some caves were formed sixty million years ago. There were torrential rains. The rivers overflowed. Mountains collapsed. There were limestone caves. This soft rock dissolves acid. The acid comes from rainwater. Millions of years acid rain eroded the limestone. Cracks appeared in the mountains. The cracks widened into tunnels. The tunnels crossed. We got niches. It was only millions of years later that the caves took on their present form. (70 words)

flower mushrooms

AT tropical forests eat nutreviki mushrooms. These tight balls are like our raincoats. In Europe, these balls are called devil's eggs. Spores mature in a ball. For this, nutreviki got their name. The controversy is maturing. The ball bursts. From it emerges a bizarre fruiting body. It can grow ten centimeters in an hour. With its bright color and pungent odor, mushrooms attract insects. Hornbeam flowers are also found in Russia. They are listed in the Red Book. (70 words)

Smog

Smog is a scourge big cities. It is a yellow-gray veil of smoke, gas, fog and dust. It hangs over cities with developed industry. In such cities, a significant emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere. It kills all living things.

Coughs begin to choke people, pains appear in the throat, tears flow from the eyes. Poisonous compounds stop plants from working. Crops near cities do not ripen.

The most dangerous smog is when there is no wind. On such days, doctors do not recommend going outside. (70 words)

Butterflies underground

An adit went into the depths of the cliff. We squeezed into a narrow hole. The hosts here now are bats, flies and mosquitoes. The bats lay and hung against the walls. Ushans hid their huge ears in the folds of their leathery wings. The bats squealed angrily. Flies and mosquitoes hibernated in flocks. Butterflies sat in the dark aisles. Drops of water glistened on their wings. Large dewdrops the size of a pea. When the match was lit, scarlet, blue, green stars appeared. (70 words)

According to N. Sladkov

little crow

Karluha is a crow. He lives in the yard. Once he found a button and wanted to hide it. Karlukh thrust his find into the thick grass. Daisies grew there, bluebells, various spikelets and panicles. He began to cover the button with grass. The chick bent down the spikelet. The spike straightened. The kid bent down the panicle. The panicle straightened up. He tilted the chamomile. Chamomile rose. Karlukh bent the bell. The bell went up. This button is in plain sight! Any magpie will steal! Bad luck for the baby. So this button was stolen from him. (72 words)

Yasnaya Polyana

Yasnaya Polyana is known all over the world. Here long years the great Russian classic Leo Tolstoy lived and worked. Lev Nikolaevich wrote many interesting fables and stories for children. A long birch alley leads to the writer's house. An old elm grows on the territory near the house. Beneath it is a wooden bench. This elm was called the poor people's tree. Anyone who needed help could ring the bell on the elm. This bell still hangs on the elm. (72 words)

Squirrel

Our ancestors called the animal white. The squirrel was respected and appreciated. The small animal fed, watered, warmed for centuries. And in the north of Russia, the squirrel was the first object of the fur trade and trade. Merchants from many countries came to Russia for furs. All of Europe has long been dressed and adorned with Russian squirrel furs. Amazing animal squirrel. Cubs are born to our squirrels from the end of January to March. Squirrels are born in forty days. There are up to ten of them in the nest. (73 words)

rock nuthatch

I am looking for a nuthatch's nest in the rock. This is the most interesting bird's nest. It looks like an earthenware jug. Soundly blinded him nuthatch. These birds love to decorate their homes. I remember one nest. It glittered and shimmered. Pebbles of different colors were embedded in the clay around the nest. Bright feathers stuck out. There were red, blue, green shields of beetles. Pieces of resin burned like ambers. The nuthatch even stuck flower petals to the clay. At least send the nest to an exhibition or to a museum. (73 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Octopussy

I got a little octopus. He got tangled in nets with fish. He lived in my jam jar. The octopus lurks and peeps at me. The sun will illuminate it - it will become yellow. This is how he disguises himself. I started flipping through the pages of the book. The octopus suddenly turned red, then yellow, then green. It was the pages that flashed, and he was frightened. Once I put a jar with it on a chessboard. The octopus was confused. What should he be? And then he got angry and blushed. (73 words)

G. Snegirev

Gaga

For the nest, the eider digs a hole and covers it with blades of grass and leaves. After some time, greenish testicles appeared in the eider. Gaga is plucking the fluff on her belly. The down is very light and warms the testicles well. Eider sits on eggs for a whole month. But then the ducklings appeared. The ducklings will dry out and can already catch mosquitoes. Three days later, the mother leads the chicks to the water. And after two months, she throws grown-up babies. Now she devotes all the time only to herself. (73 words)

frog rain

Thunder boomed. The first heavy frog flopped to the ground. It's raining frogs! Rains are mushroom, thunderstorms. And then frog rain is pouring, frogs and frogs are pouring from the sky. They knock on the ground, on the back. That and look, they will fly by the collar. This furious whirlwind swept over the swamp, picked up, drew in the water, and with the water all the frogs and frogs. Carried them away. Then he weakened. And the frogs and frogs, along with the water, fell down to everyone's surprise. (74 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Coconut

This palm tree has edible fruits - coconuts. They hang in clusters between the leaves. Coconut leaves are very large and grow only at the top. The coconut tree loves light, warmth and moisture. She lives beautifully on the sands of the sea coast. Waves pick up the fallen ripe fruits and carry them far away. New palm trees emerge from the fruits. The skin of a coconut consists of dense layers. They protect the coconut from impact. Inside the fruit is white sweet pulp and coconut milk. (74 words)

edible flowers

Do we eat flowers? Of course. We often eat cauliflower florets. In Bulgaria, jam is made from rose petals. In Romania - from water lily petals. In America and Russia, jam is made from dandelion inflorescences. This jam tastes like sweet fragrant honey. Cucumber flowers are candied and candied fruits are made from them. In India, they like to cook compote from banana flowers. And in China, they boil lilies in milk and season the soup with pepper and salt. (74 words)

chocolate tree

There are grains in the fruits of the chocolate tree. They make cocoa. Then mix cocoa with sugar and get chocolate.

The chocolate tree was brought to Africa from rainforest America. It settled in well. Its fruits are called cocoa beans. Cocoa beans grow directly on the trunk and thick branches of the tree. The fruit contains about forty grains. After special treatment, the grains are dried and ground. This is how cocoa powder is obtained. Oil is also made from seeds. It goes to the preparation of medicinal ointments. (75 words)

Christmas

Christmas is one of the main Christian holidays. AT Orthodox Church it is celebrated on the seventh of January. Temples are decorated on this day. Priests put on the best and most elegant robes. All lamps are lit in temples.

Before Christmas, to prepare for the meeting of this holiday - a strict fast. The day before Christmas is called Christmas Eve. Orthodox believers do not eat until evening. They are waiting for the first star to appear in the sky.

At Christmas, candles are lit in all houses and they congratulate each other on the birth of Christ. (75 words)

Hoopoes

On pastures and near forest edges, a hoopoe walks on the ground. In time with the steps, he shakes his crested head. The long beak sticks into the grass. Large six-legged prey will fall - it will break it on the ground. So the hoopoe eats the soft belly. The beak of the bird is long and the tongue is short. The hoopoe cannot pull prey into its mouth. How to eat it? He throws it up and catches it with his open mouth. The hoopoe deftly grabs the bear with its beak. By doing this, he rids the gardens of one of the most dangerous pests. (77 words)

tree porcupine

The tree porcupine lives in the forests. Its needles are short and flexible. The body is long. In a year, only one cub is born to a porcupine. The baby is very independent. At the age of a few days, he already climbs trees well. The spines on the tail help him in this. With the help of thorns, the baby is protected. He hits the enemy with his tail. The blow is fatal. The spines remain in the victim and at a rate of millimeters per hour move deeper and deeper into the body. So they can get into the heart. (78 words)

What is the difference between pink and curly pelicans

Pink pelican chicks are born in black down, and curly pelican chicks are born in white. A pink pelican brings grass to a female in a throat pouch to build a nest. There is a lot of grass in the bag. The bag is very swollen. The curly-haired one forty times a day drags grass and twigs to the place where the nest is built. But he delivers them in his beak. Pink pelicans build nests in reeds and on open places on the shore. And curly hatchlings hatch in the thick of reeds on the shores of lakes. (79 words)

Caviar

Not all frogs and toads spawn in the water of lakes and swamps. The pipa toad attaches the eggs to its back. Live baby stroller for two hundred seats! The midwife toad has caviar similar to a cord with beads. She wraps her jewelry around her waist. One tropical frog spawns on the ground. The male remains to guard the eggs. Tadpoles emerge from the eggs. They crawl onto dad's back. Dad takes them to the water. Live by yourself! One amazing frog swallows its eggs. And then he spits out the ready-made frogs. These are miracles! (81 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Shapoklyak

What is a hat? But this is not an acquaintance of Cheburashka. This Shapoklyak was a very mischievous old woman. Shapoklyak is actually a men's headdress. This top hat was worn by men in the last century. The men entered the room and removed the top hat. But to keep such a voluminous headdress under the arm is very inconvenient. And the cylinder was made collapsible. Let's turn to French. Chapeau is a hat. Klyak - a slap with the palm of your hand on its top. So the well-known old woman Shapoklyak got her name because of the headdress. After all, she walked in such a funny hat. (82 words)

According to N. Sladkov

Cradles for tadpoles

In tropical forests, tadpoles live in amazing places. Some live in hollows filled with water. Others sit in corollas of large flowers. These flowers look like beautiful glasses and vases. Blooming Aquariums! In Brazil, a tree frog fashions a clay pool for tadpoles. It looks like a bowl. tree frog rolls up a large green bag on wide leaves. It turns out a hanging aquarium. But the most amazing cradles for tadpoles in frogs from South America. One frog hatches eggs in the throat bag. These are miracles in a sieve. (83 words)

According to N. Sladkov

That's the catch

On Saturday I decided to fish in the morning dawn. I stopped at a forest clearing. An elk was standing near the pond. Ten minutes passed. Elk did not leave and stomped on the spot. Then I saw a calf in the swampy pond. The kid got stuck in the mud and could not get out. It was dangerous to approach and help him. But I overcame my fear and cautiously approached the shore. The moose looked around and stepped aside. I brought the calf to dry land. He licked my cheek and ran to his mother. They quickly disappeared into the birch grove. (86 words)

By V. Bianchi

fox cubs

The little fox was born in a deep, tight hole. The fox had four brothers and sisters, and they were all so miserable, clumsy and blind. The mother fed them with her milk and warmed them with her body. She had such fluffy soft fur. The fox rarely left the hole. He will run to eat and again come to the foxes. It was good for the cubs in the hole near the mother. Two weeks later, the cubs opened their eyes and teeth erupted. One day, the mother took the cubs by the back with her teeth, carried them out of the hole and carefully laid them on soft grass. A huge and mysterious world opened up before the kids. (90 words)

According to I. Sokolov

4th grade

1 quarter

Dictionary

agronomist twenty active fun soldier secret

constitution twelve east eight thank you seeder

silver biography gallery landscape right left

reserve polite catalog conversation comrade thursday

monday excavator quarter sadness hurricane black

delicate director from afar ticket sparkle chauffeur

bulldozer revolution commander password freedom spy

purple locomotive comet portrait nursery crew

electricity magician trust hello surname excursion

solemn presentation room dialogue fantasy express

chairman quiz flavor friday finish escalator

eleven march envelope plain foyer apple

journey caricature defense house painter farming berry

patronize the fatherland ornament caustic quote anchor

calligraphy intonation shade wish newspaper now

government initiative skyline revolution district about

image citizen eyewitness

Entrance control worksDictionary

width cup squeak Gennady area night

goodbye wonderful chicks stairs rainy swift

Sokolniki Park explained the children's feeling for him was not

insects morning blizzard nestling dangerous group

squinted amiable sadness embers resented appetite

snowy owl

Polar owls live in the tundra. In the silence of the night they fly over the snows. Mice are food for birds. Visited in the claws of the polar owl and many hares. The owl is patiently on duty at its post. She waits for hours for her prey. The hunter rarely manages to approach the bird. Its winter plumage seems whiter than snow. (49 words)

According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov

Grammar tasks

1. Write out two words from the dictation with a checked unstressed vowel in the root. Write test words.

2. Disassemble the first sentence into sentence members and parts of speech. Write out phrases.

3. Write two words with an unpronounceable consonant T. Write test words.

Predatory mushrooms

Are mushrooms capable of tracking down and ambushing prey? Can they set traps? Scientists have long begun to notice amazing rings on the mycelium of some mushrooms. These rings serve to catch worms the size of a millimeter. Here the mushroom felt close to the worm. The hunter prepares sticky bubbles. Worms stick to them. And leaves the mushroom from the worm an empty skin. These worms greatly reduce the yield of vegetables. With the help of mushrooms, you can fight them. (68 words)

Grammar tasks

2. Write out one word from the dictation with a double consonant. Write two more words with the same spelling.

3. Write one word each with b and b as separators.

How fish winter

Frost covered ponds, rivers, lakes with a thick ice crust. Only in the hole you can see clear water. In deep silence on the river bottom, fish hibernate. In the most deep places lies in the hole catfish. Wide bream sleep in rows without movement. Carp find a soft hole and sleep in it with the whole herd. The nimble perch loves stones that have fallen to the bottom of trees. Only a toothy pike can't sleep. The predator often swallows sleepy fish. (67 words)

Grammar tasks

1. Write out one word from the dictation with checked unstressed vowels I, E; assign test words to them.

2. In the first sentence, underline the paired consonants.

3. Place an accent mark over the words of the second sentence.

How animals see the world

Every animal sees the world differently. Here is a frog sitting in ambush. She only sees moving objects. These are insects or its enemies. How can she see everything else? To do this, the frog must begin to move itself. Nocturnal animals wolves almost do not distinguish colors. But the dragonfly distinguishes well. But only the lower half of the eyes. The upper part looks to the sky. The prey is clearly visible against the sky. (64 words)

Grammar tasks

1. Disassemble the composition of the words: WORLD, IN AMBUSH, NIGHT.

2. In the second sentence, underline the vowels of the first row.

3. Write out one word from the dictation with combinations ZhI, CHA.

Bullfinch

Homeland of bullfinches - coniferous forests northern taiga. In October, they arrive for wintering in our area. The bullfinch stands out sharply against the background of the snow cover with its bright plumage. In cold winter, birds eat alder and maple seeds. They are especially attracted to rowan berries. In the spring, the bullfinches will be far away at home. Birds will build nests there, bring out chicks. Only at the beginning of winter in the forest will we again hear their sonorous whistle. (62 words)

Grammar tasks

1. Indicate in the dictation the gender of adjectives.

2. Parse the composition of the word COLD. Write two more words with the same composition.

3. Choose a word that is opposite in meaning to the word VONKY.

When writing Control dictations Grade 4 Input diagnostics materials from the book were used: E. A. Nefedova, O. V. Uzorova. "500 control dictations In Russian. 1-4 grades "

Entrance control works

snowy owl

(49 words) (according to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)

Grammar tasks

Write out two words from the dictation with a checked unstressed vowel in the root. Write test words.
Disassemble the first sentence into sentence members and parts of speech. Write out phrases.
Write two words with an unpronounceable consonant T. Write test words.

Predatory mushrooms

Grammar tasks

Write out one word from the dictation with a double consonant. Write two more words with the same spelling.
Write one word each with b and b as separators.

How fish winter

Frost covered ponds, rivers, lakes with a thick ice crust. Only in the hole you can see clear water. In deep silence on the river bottom, fish hibernate. In the deepest places, the catfish lies in the hole. Wide bream sleep in rows without movement. Carp find a soft hole and sleep in it with the whole herd. The nimble perch loves stones that have fallen to the bottom of trees. Only a toothy pike can't sleep. The predator often swallows sleepy fish.

Grammar tasks

Write out one word from the dictation with checked unstressed vowels I, E; assign test words to them.
In the first sentence, underline the paired consonants.
Put an accent mark over the words of the second sentence.

How animals see the world

Grammar tasks

Disassemble the composition of the words: WORLD, IN AMBUSH, NIGHT.
In the second sentence, underline the vowels of the first row.
Write out from the dictation one word at a time with combinations ZhI, CHA.

Bullfinch

The birthplace of bullfinches is the coniferous forests of the northern taiga. In October, they arrive for wintering in our area. The bullfinch stands out sharply against the background of the snow cover with its bright plumage. In cold winter, birds eat alder and maple seeds. They are especially attracted to rowan berries. In the spring, the bullfinches will be far away at home. Birds will build nests there, bring out chicks. Only at the beginning of winter in the forest will we again hear their sonorous whistle.

Grammar tasks

Indicate the gender of adjectives in the dictation.
Disassemble the composition of the word COLD. Write two more words with the same composition.
Choose a word that is opposite in meaning to the word ZONKY.

"How fish hibernate" L. Karpov

Frost covered ponds, rivers, lakes with a thick ice cover. Only in the hole, as in an outlet, is clear, hushed water visible. In the winter river it is gloomy and deaf. The sun does not shine through the water, the sand does not shine, water grasses do not bloom... In deep silence among the hills and valleys of the river bottom, fish stand motionless. They stand in large herds, heads all in one direction. They don't move their fins or their tails. Only the gills rise slightly - they breathe. Even in autumn, fish gather in herds and choose a place for wintering.
In summer, the fat-headed catfish slowly walks in the deepest places, moving its long whiskers, looking out for a hole or rut that would be deeper and more spacious. He loves to lie in such holes. He will sleep during the day, and at night he goes hunting: he will grab a fish, and he will grab a crayfish, and he will eat a frog. But in winter, he lies in the pit quite motionless.
A wide, flat bream before wintering, as soon as the first ice appears near the coast, quickly rises to the surface, capsizes on its side in the water and lies like that for several minutes, as if saying goodbye to light and air. And then headlong rushes into the depths and falls to the bottom. Bream lie in rows, like firewood in a woodpile, without any movement.
Carp choose the muddy bottom and burrow into the mud. Sometimes they will find a soft hole and lie down in it with the whole herd.
A cheerful, agile perch loves stones and half-rotten trees that have fallen to the bottom. Clinging closely to each other, lowering their red fins, perches fall asleep in such places for the whole winter.
Herds of minnows and ruffs fall to the sand in a wide ribbon. Above, under the very ice, near grasses and reeds, silvery herds of roach stand motionless. Pike and zander sleep in rows in dark hollows.
A gluttonous pike does not sleep well. Narrow, with predatory eyes, with a huge mouth, no, no, and she will walk along the river, swallow sleepy fish. But her movements are slow, unlike in summer, when she rushes at her prey like lightning.
And only one burbot walks around the river all winter long and cheerfully. He walks nimbly between sleeping fish herds, looking for and swallowing young sleepy fish. But time will pass by spring, the sun will drive away the ice and look into the river. The fish will wake up and swim, swelling their gills... And the burbot will no longer rush after them. Sluggish, half asleep, he will begin to look for a place to hibernate. He will hide under a stone or under a burrow and fall asleep like the dead for the whole summer, until the very frost.

1. Fill in the table

Story title

2. In which section in the library can this story be placed?

A) Fairy tales B) Stories about children C) Fantasy

D) I love Russian nature E) Stories about animals

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4. Is the statement true?

In the winter river it is gloomy and deaf.

Herds of minnows and ruffs fall to the sand in a narrow ribbon.

And only one burbot walks lively and cheerfully along the river all summer long.

5. Match the columns with arrows

In winter, it lies in the pit completely motionless.

How do fish hibernate? educational stories in pictures, fairy tales, riddles for children.

How fish winter.

Fish By winter, they gather in flocks to spend the winter. They descend into the depths of rivers and lakes. Their body is covered with mucus like a fur coat.

Fish spend the winter deep at the bottom. At the bottom, the water does not freeze even in the most severe frosts. By winter, the fish becomes motionless, lethargic.

Fish hibernate in different ways.

Carp, carp they burrow into the mud at the bottom of the reservoir and survive like this until spring. They are immobile and lose their appetite.

Many fish hibernate catfish, tench, bream, roach. They lie on the bottom or burrow into the silt.

It is difficult for fish under the ice in winter. The algae begin to rot, there is less and less air under the ice, and it is difficult for the fish to breathe. Therefore, people make holes in the rivers through which clean air enters under the ice.

predatory fish don't even sleep in winter - burbot, pike, perch.

Burbot very nimble and voracious predator - like a wolf, only water. He eats fish, frogs, caviar. Burbot is very fond of cold water. Burbot hunts at night. And when the water becomes warm again, the burbot turns into a lethargic and motionless.

Trout, whitefish, salmon They also like cold water. In autumn, they make holes at the bottom - nests, lay eggs in them. In the spring, small fish will appear from this caviar - babies. They are called "little ones".

Read to the children entertaining stories and fairy tales about How do fish winter?

How fish hibernate: educational tales and stories for children.

E. Shim. Cover for all of you.

Morozko was walking through the forest for the first time and his feet got wet. There were still autumn puddles on the ground, in the swamps there was plenty of water, and the forest lakes even overflowed their banks from the downpours.
And Morozka's feet are in felt boots. Unable to spank.
Morozko sneezed and snorted through his nose. And then he got angry and began to pat each other with his mittens.
As it pops, the ice cap is ready.
I made little lids for the puddles.
For swamps - more covers.
For ponds and lakes - very large covers of strong green ice.
Morozko took them in an armful and went to seal the water.
- Now, - he says, - I'll cover all this slush.
Leaned over puddle, trying on the cap. And from the puddle weak little voices:
- Morozko, Morozko, don't seal the puddle, don't lower the lid!
It looks Frosty, and in a puddle of all living creatures it is full: here are swimming beetles, and water-loving beetles, and beetles, whirling beetles, here are water spiders, fleas and larvae ... They scurry about, fuss!
Tried - bang! - and instantly sealed the puddle.
Next comes. To swamp got out.
- Now, - he says, - and here I will pick up the cap!
And from the swamp voices are heard:
- Frost, Frost, do not lower the lid, do not seal the swamp!
Look - and here there are a lot of inhabitants: frogs, newts, snails swarm.
- Enough! Morozko said. - Outlived. Cover for all of you!
Tried - bang! - and instantly sealed the swamp.
Next comes. On the lake came out.
- Now, - he says, - I'll find the biggest cover!
And voices are heard from the lake:
- Morozko, Morozko, don't lower the lid, don't seal the lake!
Look - the lake is full of fish. Here and pike, perch, and minnows, and every little thing fry underyearlings.
- Enough! Morozko said. - Outlived! Cover for all of you!
Tried on, took aim - bang! - and a thick ice cover lay on the lake.
Like this! Frosty says. - Now my time is to walk around the forests and fields. If I want to, I'll have mercy, but if I want to, I'll ruin everyone.
Morozko boasts, walks through the forest, crunches with ice, taps on the trees.
- I'm the only ruler here!
And Frost is unaware that all the water inhabitants remained alive and well.
Beetles and larvae sank to the bottom, dug into the soft silt.
The frogs burrowed into the mud, the snails closed the entrance to the shell with lime doors.
The fish found a deeper hole, lay down in a row, and slept.
And for those who do not sleep, people made a hole in the ice.
- Breathe yourself, - they say, - to your health!
Of course, not a very fun life under the ice. But nothing. You can wait until spring.
And spring will come - all Morozkin's caps will be printed!

What kind of "lids" did Morozko make in winter? Have you seen such ice "lids"?
Where did he make the ice caps?
Which of the inhabitants of the puddle (swamp, lake) asked Morozko not to make an ice cover?
How did the inhabitants of the water escape in winter from the cold and from Frost ice on the water? How did they survive? (sank to the bottom, dug into the mud, dug into the mud, fell asleep).
How did people help them survive in the winter?
Who will print Morozkin's caps? When will it happen?

L. Karpova. How fish winter.

Frost covered ponds, rivers, lakes with a thick ice cover. Only in the hole, as in an outlet, is clear, hushed water visible.
In the winter river it is gloomy and deaf. The sun does not shine through the water, the sand does not shine, water grasses do not bloom ... In deep silence among the hills and valleys of the river bottom, they stand motionless fish. They stand in large herds, heads all in one direction. They don't move their fins or their tails. Only the gills rise slightly - they breathe. Even in autumn, fish gather in herds and choose a place for wintering.
thick-headed in summer catfish walks slowly in the deepest places, moving its long whiskers, looking out for a hole or rut that would be deeper and more spacious. He loves to lie in such holes. He will sleep during the day, and at night he goes hunting: he will grab a fish, and he will grab a crayfish, and he will eat a frog. But in winter, he lies in the pit quite motionless.
Wide, flat bream before wintering, as soon as the first ice appears near the coast, it quickly rises to the surface, capsizes on its side on the water and lies like that for several minutes, as if saying goodbye to light and air. And then headlong rushes into the depths and falls to the bottom. Bream lie in rows, like firewood in a woodpile, without any movement.
Carp they choose a muddy bottom and burrow into the mud. Sometimes they will find a soft hole and lie down in it with the whole herd.
Cheerful, agile perch loves stones and half-decayed trees that have fallen to the bottom. Clinging closely to each other, lowering their red fins, perches fall asleep in such places for the whole winter.
A wide ribbon fall to the sand of the herd minnows and ruff. Above, under the very ice, near grasses and reeds, silvery herds stand motionless. roaches. Pike and zander slumber in rows in dark hollows.
voracious pike sleeping badly. Narrow, with predatory eyes, with a huge mouth, no, no, and she will walk along the river, swallow sleepy fish. But her movements are slow, not like in summer, when she rushes at her prey like lightning.
And only one burbot all winter lively and cheerfully walks along the river. He walks nimbly between sleeping fish herds, looking for and swallowing young sleepy fish.
But time will pass by spring, the sun will drive away the ice and look into the river. The fish will wake up and swim, inflating their gills ... And the burbot will no longer rush after them. Sluggish, half asleep, he will begin to look for a place to hibernate. He will hide under a stone or under a burrow and fall asleep like the dead for the whole summer, until the very frost.

N. Sladkov. Perch and burbot.

- Miracles under the ice! All fish are sleepy - you alone, Burbot, cheerful and playful. What's wrong with you, huh?
- And the fact that for all fish in winter - winter, but for me, Burbot, in winter - summer! You, perches, doze, and we, burbots, play weddings, caviar with a sword, rejoice, have fun!
- Come on, perch brothers, to Burbot for the wedding! We will disperse our sleep, have fun, have a bite of burbot caviar ...

What miracle did the perch see under the ice?
What do all fish do in winter? What about burbot?

E. Shim. Frog and perch.

- What is my caviar! What is my caviar!
- Your caviar is good, frog.
“How do you know, Perch?”
“Just got her. Wow, good!