The meaning of the word annexation. The meaning of the word "annexation" Big Law Dictionary

1) Annexation- (from lat. annexio -) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, and the space that is in the general use of the international community (, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). the legality of annexation follows from the UN Charter, prohibits or threats against the territorial integrity, integrity and political independence of states. The annexation advocated an aggressive foreign policy of the states, taking on an extremist ideology (- "Austria" by Nazi Germany).

2) Annexation- (lat. annexio) - the forcible and justifiable annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, and the space that is in the general use of the international community (, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). A. represents a gross violation of the basic norms of international law. The illegality of A. follows from the fundamental provisions of the UN Charter, according to which threats "against territorial integrity or political independence" are prohibited. Changes to the state border are considered legal if they are carried out on the basis of equal and voluntary agreements between politically sovereign countries.

3) Annexation- Capture, forcible seizure of the territory of a state (or part of it) to another state, which is a gross violation of the norms of international law, the principle of national self-determination, trampling on the interests and will of the population of the annexed territory.

Annexation

(from lat. annexio - accession) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in the general use of the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). Against the legality of annexation follows from the UN Charter, which prohibits the use of force or the threat of force against the territorial integrity, integrity and political independence of states. Annexation is part of the aggressive foreign policy of states adopting extremist ideology (a classic example is the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany).

(Latin annexio annexation) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in the general use of the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). A. represents a gross violation of the basic norms of international law. The illegality of A. follows from the fundamental provisions of the UN Charter, according to which the use of force or the threat of force "against territorial integrity or political independence" is prohibited. Changes to the state border are considered legal if they are carried out on the basis of equal and voluntary agreements between politically sovereign countries.

Capture, forcible annexation of the territory of a state (or part of it) to another state, which is a gross violation of the norms of international law, the principle of national self-determination, trampling on the interests and will of the population of the annexed territory.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

annexation

(ane), annexations, w. (from Latin annexo - I bind) (polit.). Forced political annexation of a country or part of it to another country. A world without annexations and indemnities.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova.

annexation

And, well. (book). Forcible annexation of a state or part of it to another state.

adj. annexation, th, th.

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

annexation

and. Forcible annexation, the seizure of all or part of the territory belonging to another state or people, as well as the forcible retention of any. people within the borders of a foreign state.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

annexation

ANNEXATION (from Latin annexio - annexation) is a type of aggression, the forcible annexation (capture) of all or part of the territory of another state or people, as well as the forcible retention of a people within the borders of a foreign state.

Big Law Dictionary

annexation

(from lat. annexio - accession) - the forcible annexation of the territory of another state. International law prohibits A. as a violation of the principles of territorial integrity, inviolability and inviolability of state borders.

Annexation

(Latin annexio, from annexus ≈ annexed), forcible annexation (capture) of all or part of the territory of another state or people. As a rule, wars ended during the slave-owning and feudal epochs. In the era of capitalism, aggression became the main method of expanding the territory of one state at the expense of another. In a number of cases, certain types of colonial conquests are considered to be arbitrage, and the creation of states with puppet regimes (for example, the formation of Manchukuo in 1932 by Japan) is considered to be its variety.

In the very first days of its existence, the Soviet state adopted a Decree on Peace, in which it outlined its position on the question of A., defining A. as any accession of a small or weak nationality without its precisely, clearly and voluntarily expressed consent, regardless of when it is the forcible annexation is committed, how developed or backward the nation forcibly annexed or forcibly retained within the borders of a given state is, finally, regardless of where the given nation lives - in Europe or in distant overseas countries (see the SU RSFSR, 1917, ╧1, article 2).

The USSR consistently opposes the policy of A., defending the right of all peoples to self-determination and independence (for example, the protest of the Soviet government in connection with the A. of the Czech Republic and other regions of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany in 1939, the protest of the Soviet government in connection with A. Nazi Germany of Austria in 1938 ).

According to the norms of modern international law, A. is illegal. The UN Charter prohibits any threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state (Chapter 1, Articles 1, 2, etc.). Regardless of the wrongfulness of A., the imperialist states continue their aggressive policy in the form of covert A. (for example, the extension of state status by the United States to the annexed Hawaiian Islands) or open A. (for example, the annexation of southwestern Africa by South Africa).

A. V. Speranskaya.

Wikipedia

Annexation

Annexation(, from - " attached”) - the forcible annexation by the state of all or part of the territory of another state unilaterally. According to international law, annexation is one of the types of aggression and currently entails international legal responsibility.

Annexation should be distinguished from occupation, which does not in itself entail a change in the legal ownership of the territory. For example, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which had been under the occupation of Austria-Hungary since 1878, was annexed by it only in 1908, and before that it was formally considered the territory of the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed in 1983 after the entry of Turkish troops in 1974, recognized only by Turkey, but not included in its composition.

Examples of the use of the word annexation in the literature.

They did not lift a finger when King Abdullah proclaimed annexation Judea and Samaria, naming their kingdom Jordan.

In foreign policy, the Provisional Government, rejecting in agreement with the whole people any idea of a separate peace, openly sets as its goal the speedy achievement of a universal peace, which does not have as its task either domination over other peoples, or depriving them of their national property, or forcibly seizing foreign territories. - a world without annexations and indemnities, on the basis of self-determination of peoples.

We answer: - When we demand peace without annexations and indemnities, this means that all lands occupied by foreign armed forces must be cleared, including Russian territory occupied by the Germans.

Meanwhile, all radio stations in Germany broadcast Henlein's statement demanding annexations Reich of the Sudetenland.

The prelude to it was the clash in the Balkans between pan-Germanism and pan-Slavism, which resulted in annexation Austria-Hungary of Bosnia and Herzegovina, reflected in the two Balkan wars and the diplomatic struggle for their results, in the general European arms race and the frantic construction of the fleet by Germany.

Eavesdropping on other people's thoughts began, intercepting the most brainy concepts, digging under the towers of philosophical and literary opponents, juggling data, gnawing cables, and even attempts annexations someone else's mental property along with the personality of its owner.

When the Bulgarian delegation spoke out against the consent of Germany and Austria-Hungary to sign a peace without annexations and indemnities, Kuhlman and Chernin convinced her that the Entente would not agree to such a proposal, and therefore there was nothing to fear.

Between the representatives of the British, who had their own interests in Guiana, and London, it seems, negotiations have long been underway on the official annexations this colony by England.

Soon after annexations Austria by Hitler's Germany in 1933, Gödel loses his place at the University of Vienna, and, worse, he is called up for military service despite his poor health.

The Russian delegation insisted on making peace without annexations and contributions.

Transcaucasia was in opposition to the Brest peace as early as February 1918, when information reached it about the possible signing of a separate peace between Russia and the countries of the Quadruple Alliance and that Russia, at the request of Germany and Turkey, could give Transcaucasia under occupation, and some Transcaucasian territories, before all of Kare, Ardagan and Batum, under the Turkish annexation.

Reversing this statement, we can conclude that annexation did not necessarily mean Germanization.

But neither Luxembourg nor Liebknecht could imagine in a nightmare that Lenin's peace would turn out to be many times worse: Lenin would sign an anti-democratic peace with the German imperialists, with annexations

But neither Luxembourg nor Liebknecht could imagine in a nightmare that Lenin's peace would turn out to be many times worse: Lenin would sign an anti-democratic peace, with annexations, with indemnities, with additional agreements beneficial to the German government.

In this note, Milyukov emphasized that the Provisional Government would fully comply with the obligations undertaken to the Allies and unconditionally preserve all the old goals of the war, that is, the program annexations and conquests.

1) Annexation- (from lat. annexio - accession) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in the general use of the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). The illegality of annexation follows from the UN Charter, which prohibits the use of force or the threat of force against the territorial integrity, integrity and political independence of states. Annexation is part of the aggressive foreign policy of states adopting extremist ideology (a classic example is the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany).

2) Annexation- (lat. Annexio annexation) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in common use by the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). A. represents a gross violation of the basic norms of international law. The illegality of A. follows from the fundamental provisions of the UN Charter, according to which the use of force or the threat of force "against territorial integrity or political independence" is prohibited. Changes to the state border are considered legal if they are carried out on the basis of equal and voluntary agreements between politically sovereign countries.

3) Annexation- Capture, forcible annexation of the territory of a state (or part of it) to another state, which is a gross violation of the norms of international law, the principle of national self-determination, trampling on the interests and will of the population of the annexed territory.

Annexation

(from lat. annexio - accession) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in the general use of the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans beyond national jurisdiction, etc.). The illegality of annexation follows from the UN Charter, which prohibits the use of force or the threat of force against the territorial integrity, integrity and political independence of states. Annexation is part of the aggressive foreign policy of states adopting extremist ideology (a classic example is the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany).

(lat. annexio annexation) - the forcible and illegal annexation by one state of the territory or part of the territory of another state, as well as space that is in the general use of the international community (Antarctica, the bottom of the oceans outside national jurisdiction, etc.). A. represents a gross violation of the basic norms of international law. The illegality of A. follows from the fundamental provisions of the UN Charter, according to which the use of force or the threat of force "against territorial integrity or political independence" is prohibited. Changes to the state border are considered legal if they are carried out on the basis of equal and voluntary agreements between politically sovereign countries.

You may be interested to know the lexical, direct or figurative meaning of these words:

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The term "annexation" implies a kind of aggression by one country against another, during which their territories can unite. At the same time, it is necessary to distinguish the concept under consideration from another common term - occupation, which implies the abolition of the legal ownership of the occupied territory.

Examples of annexation

A striking example is the events in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where annexation took place - this was the occupation of these lands by Austria in the 19th century, which could mean only one thing - the weakening of the influence of Austrian supremacy with the subsequent return of certain legal freedoms to them (for example, the return of the right to bear the former name ). Another example is the US annexation of the Hawaiian Islands. We must not forget about such an event as the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany or the annexation of Crimea by Russia. This concept was the result of the implementation of the aggressive policy of a stronger country in relation to a state that was an order of magnitude weaker.

History of annexation in Russia

Thus, annexation is, in accordance with international law, the illegal forcible annexation and seizure by one country of the territory of another. In Russia, this concept was first encountered in the 19th century and it denoted the accession of a region or region to another state. At the same time, there is no at least formally announced act of refusal of the former owner of this territory (state). Synonyms for this term were "annexation" and "annexation".

Annexation - a gross violation of rights?

The annexation is a flagrant violation of international law. The invalidity of such territorial seizures, which are the result of annexation, is indicated by certain international agreements and acts. For example, this is the verdict of the Nuremberg Military Tribunal (1946), as well as the UN Declaration regulating the inadmissibility of interference in the internal affairs of countries, the Declaration designating and relating to areas of cooperation and friendly relations between states (1970). The act (Final Act) also speaks of the inadmissibility of annexation.

Contribution - related concept

Annexation and indemnity - often these two concepts closely interact with each other. Thus, the second term implies the imposition of certain payments on the defeated country.

In 1918, after World War I, a "peace without annexations and indemnities" was proposed. However, as far as Russia is concerned, unfavorable peace conditions were imposed on this state, which were to be settled only by 1922. Thus, based on historical reality, such a world cannot exist. Based on the definition of the word, annexation is a kind of continuation of aggressive actions, although not the same as during the war years.

Concept of occupation

Annexation must be distinguished from occupation. So, annexation is the implementation of certain actions that do not entail changes in terms of the legal ownership of the territory. As already mentioned above, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was occupied by Austria-Hungary and annexed by it only in 1908, can serve as an example. Until this period, this state formally belonged to the Ottoman Empire.

IN AND. Lenin on annexation

Even Lenin was given a definition of this concept. In his opinion, annexation is a forcible annexation, foreign national oppression, expressed in the annexation of foreign territory.

Negative consequences of contributions

Above, such a concept as indemnity has already been used, denoting the forced collection of payments or property seizures from the defeated state at the end of hostilities. Contribution is based on such a concept as “the right of the winner”. This principle is used regardless of the existence of justice in the conduct of the war by the victorious state. The amount, forms and terms of payment of the contribution are determined by the winner. This concept arose as a means by which the population of a defeated state or city was bought off in a peculiar way from possible plunder.

History gives vivid examples of the use of indemnity. Thus, in order to ensure restrictions on the unrestrained robbery of the population, within the framework of the articles of the Hague Convention in 1907, the amount of collection was limited. However, during the two world wars, these articles were violated quite roughly. denoting the protection of the civilian population in 1949, no levy was provided. The Entente states in the process of creating the Versailles Peace Treaty, signed in 1919, were also forced to abandon this type of income, but replaced it with reparations. In 1947, they provide for the principles of non-admission of the use of indemnities. As mentioned above, it is being replaced by reparations, substitutions, restitutions and other types of material liability of countries.

Annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany

Turning to the events of the Second World War, it is necessary to note the consistency of Hitler in achieving his goals. Therefore, if Western politicians had taken his statements seriously, then timely measures could have stopped Hitler much earlier. But facts are undeniable things. So, after the annexation of the Sudetenland by Hitler, a decision was made to occupy the whole of Czechoslovakia. Such a step allowed the German politician, in addition to economic benefits, to gain a geopolitical advantage in the eastern part of Europe, which contributed to the successful conduct of hostilities in Poland and the Balkans.

In order for the capture of Czechoslovakia to be bloodless, it was necessary to upset the Czechoslovak statehood. Hitler repeatedly made statements about the need to prevent a European war. However, after the events in Munich, the German politician began to understand that such a subsequent crisis could only end in war. At the same time, any "flirting" with London also lost its meaning.

Among the latest attempts at diplomacy is the signing of an agreement with France, which guaranteed the inviolability of the relevant borders. This was a kind of addition to the Munich Anglo-German declaration, designed to ensure a short peace of Germany on the western flank. And from the position of Paris, these agreements marked the initial stage of a completely new stage in European diplomacy.

However, Hitler was completely occupied by Czechoslovakia. It was Germany that carried out provocations of separatism. The government in Prague made the last attempts to save the remnants of statehood. So, he dissolved the Slovak and Ruthenian (Transcarpathian) governments, and introduced martial law on the territory of Slovakia. Such a situation in this territory completely satisfied Hitler. Thus, in 1939, the Slovak Catholic leaders (Josef Tiso and Ferdinand Durkansky) were invited by him to Berlin, where the prepared documents were signed, in which the independence of Slovakia was proclaimed. At the same time, the Reich was called upon to take the new state under its protection. Thus, the annexation of Czechoslovakia by Germany was carried out.

literally - joining). The classical definition of A. was given by V. I. Lenin in his Decree on Peace (see): “Under the annexation or seizure of foreign lands, the government understands, in accordance with the legal consciousness of democracy in general and of the working classes, in particular, any accession to a large or strong state by a small or weak nationality without the express, clear and voluntary consent and desire of this nationality, regardless of when this forcible annexation is made, and also regardless of how developed or backward the nation forcibly annexed or forcibly retained within the borders of a given state is. Finally, regardless of whether this nation lives in Europe or in distant overseas countries.

If any nation is held within the borders of a given state by force, if it does not matter to it, contrary to the expressed desire on its part, whether this desire is expressed in the press, in popular meetings, in the decisions of parties or in revolts and uprisings against national oppression - is not granted the right by free voting, with the complete withdrawal of the troops of the annexing or generally stronger nation, to decide without the slightest coercion the question of the forms of state existence of this nation, then its accession is annexation, i.e., seizure and violence ”(Collection:, v. 26 , p. 218).

The annexationist policy occupies an important place in the life of the bourgeois state, whose external function is to expand the territories of its ruling class at the expense of the territory of other states.

A. is a typical way for exploiting states, including capitalist states, to annex foreign territories. A. can be expressed both in the annexation of the entire state territory, i.e., in the seizure of the whole state (for example, by Japan of Korea in 1910, Germany of Austria in 1938), and in the annexation of part of someone else's state territory (for example, the capture by Germany of Alsace-Lorraine in 1870 and 1940, by Japan of the southern part of Sakhalin in 1905 and Manchuria in 1932, etc.). Numerous colonial seizures of the imperialist states also represent A.

The consequence of A. is the illegal extension of the invader's power to the annexed territory and the conversion of all the inhabitants of this territory into his subjects.

The annexationist foreign policy of the imperialist states is based on the basic economic law of modern capitalism. It is the pursuit of maximum profit that pushes monopoly capitalism to such risky steps as the enslavement and robbery of colonial and other countries, the transformation of a number of independent countries into dependent countries, the organization of new wars, which are the best "business" for the bigwigs of modern capitalism to extract maximum profits, and finally, attempts at world economic domination.

During the period of the general crisis of capitalism and the disintegration of the colonial system, it becomes more and more difficult for the imperialists to resort to open forms of A. Therefore, in the face of the growth of the national liberation movement in the colonial and dependent countries, they are forced to resort to disguised forms of A. Such, for example, is the mandate system of the League of Nations, which was one of the forms of camouflage by A. of the territories and colonies that belonged to Turkey and Germany, as well as A. by creating puppet governments on the territory of the captured states, concluding enslaving agreements with them, etc. This method was used by the Japanese invaders under A. Manchuria .

In the post-war period, this method of A. is widely used by American imperialism. With the help of their armed forces, the American imperialists, violating the right of nations to self-determination, put puppet rulers they please in power in other countries (for example, in South Korea, Greece, West Germany and other countries).

In contrast to the capitalist states, colonial seizures and plunder are incompatible with the nature of the Soviet system. The Soviet socialist state, which proclaimed the right of nations to self-determination and the formation of independent states and liberated all the peoples and nationalities of the former tsarist Russia from colonial oppression, from the very first days of its existence acted as an irreconcilable enemy of Azerbaijan and the imperialist wars waged by the imperialist states in order to A. foreign countries, enslavement and enslavement of foreign peoples.

In the decree on peace, the Soviet state declared A. an illegal act contrary to international law and gave a precise and exhaustive definition of A. An excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓