Sound pronunciation of English online. How to read and pronounce English transcription

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All the sounds of the English language and a description of their pronunciation

A graphical record of how the letters of the English alphabet or words sound through a sequence of corresponding characters is transcription of English words.

Definitely under study English transcription pretty boring. After all, this is a set of symbols that you just need to memorize, as they say "by heart". Therefore, this process does not cause much enthusiasm for most students. Some even prefer to abandon the idea of ​​studying this important aspect- transcription looks very boring and not very popular in practice in the eyes of many.

However, believe me, if you still decide and devote some of your time to this topic, you will understand how well you did. Indeed, in this case, further study of the English language will be much easier, if only because knowledge of transcription will make it easier for you to perceive new words.

Why is it important to learn the transcription of English words?

The fact is that, unlike the Russian and Ukrainian, where most of the letters in words always denote the same sound, in English the same letters, which can even be in the same word, will be read differently.

For example, the English letter "C" in various situations can be read both as "C" and as "K". And the English letter "U" can be read both as "A" and as "U". English letter"A" in various words can be transmitted as "A", and as "Hey", and as "E". And that's not all - about the same situation with other letters of the English language.

Therefore, in order to be able to read a new English word correctly, as well as remember it and be able to put it into practice, you just need to learn the rules transcription of English words. Only in this way will teaching English be really effective and productive.

Learn the transcription of English words

Of course, it would be foolish to say that after spending 15 minutes studying transcription rules, you can read and learn English words on your own and still have perfect pronunciation. Of course, this is not true. And you will have to spend much more time on transcription, and it will not immediately be possible to accurately apply the acquired knowledge. At first, difficulties and errors are not ruled out, but each time they will become less and less. Some time will pass, and you will even be able to independently perform (record by ear) transcription of words.

Where and how to learn English and the transcription of its words?

Of course, in modern world there are all conditions for obtaining any knowledge. You can even do self-study, stocking up on a mountain teaching aids. However, as practice shows, the learning process is much easier if there is a “live” personal contact, a mentor in learning and a clearly built educational process. Therefore, if you want to study the language most effectively, we recommend enrolling in English courses.

Thus, you will be able to receive data correctly systematized for the best perception and memorization, as well as support at all stages of learning. This approach is also good because it is in the courses that English learns the fastest.

Our English language school in Kyiv (suburb, Vishnevoe, Sofievskaya Borshchagovka, Boyarka, Petrivske, Belogorodka) offers to start learning English right now - without delay and for later. Come and see - everyone can speak English with us!

The English (British) pronunciation system has 44 sounds, which are divided into 24 consonants and 20 vowels, including 8 diphthongs. The following table lists individual English sounds and their corresponding English transcription marks, as well as examples of words in which they are pronounced.

Table of English sounds:

Classification of English sounds

In accordance with the mechanics of education, English sounds are primarily divided into vowels and consonants phonemes. The pronunciation of vowels is associated with active vibration of the vocal cords and the free passage of exhaled air through all organs of speech. Consonants, on the contrary, are formed by overcoming various barriers, cracks and passages formed by the muscles of the vocal apparatus when the air stream exits.

Let us consider in more detail the classification of the sounds of the English language according to individual signs of articulation (the position of the speech organs when pronouncing sounds) and their comparison with Russian sounds.

English consonants

When pronouncing consonant sounds, the air on its way encounters various barriers formed by the active organs of speech: tongue, lips, teeth and alveoli.

If the organs of speech close in such a way that they completely block the passage for air, then we pronounce stop consonant. These consonants are also called explosive, since a small explosion is heard when the organs of speech are opened.

[ p ] , [ b ] , [ t ] , [ d ] , [ k ] , [ g ]
stop plosive English sounds

[ P ], [ b ], [ t ], [ d ], [ to ], [ G ]
occlusive explosive Russian sounds

If air passes out through the nasal cavity, then such occlusive sounds are called nasal.

[ n ] , [ m ] , [ ŋ ]
nasal occlusive English sounds

[ n ], [ m ]
nasal occlusive Russian sounds

If the organs of speech do not close completely, but leave a narrow passage - a gap for air, then we pronounce slotted consonant.

[ θ ] , [ ð ] , [ ʃ ] , [ ʒ ] , [ s ] , [ z ] , [ h ] , [ f ] , [ v ] , [ w ] , [ r ] , [ j ] , [ l ]
slotted english sounds

[ With ], [ h ], [ f ], [ in ], [ w ], [ sch ], [ and ], [ l ]
slotted russian sounds

Among the consonants are occlusive-slotted sounds. They are called so because the opening of the barrier in them is slow; the complete obstruction goes into the gap.

[ tʃ ] , [ dʒ ]
occlusive-slit english sounds

[ c ], [ h ]
occlusive-slit Russian sounds

An obstruction to the path of exhaled air can be formed by various organs of speech. If the lower lip approaches the upper, then there are labial consonants.

[ p ] , [ b ] , [ m ] , [ w ]
labial english sounds

[ P ], [ b ], [ m ]
lip-labial Russian sounds

If the lower lip touches the upper teeth, then such consonants are called labiodental.

[ f ] , [ v ]
labio-dental English sounds

[ f ], [ in ]
lip-tooth Russian sounds

If the tip of the tongue is between the lower and upper front teeth, then it is pronounced interdental consonant. There are no such sounds in Russian.

[ θ ] , [ ð ]
interdental English sounds

Russian consonants [ t ], [ d ], [ n ], [ l ] - dental, as the end of the tongue rises to inner surface upper teeth. English consonants [ t ] , [ d ] , [ n ] , [ l ] , [ ŋ ] - alveolar, as the tip of the tongue touches or rises to the alveoli.

[ k ] , [ p ] , [ s ] , [ t ] , [ f ] , [ h ] , [ tʃ ] , [ ʃ ] , [ θ ]
voiceless consonants in English

[ to ], [ P ], [ With ], [ t ], [ f ], [ X ], [ h ], [ w ], [ sch ]
voiceless consonants of the Russian language

[ b ] , [ v ] , [ g ] , [ d ] , [ z ] , [ l ] , [ m ] , [ n ] , [ r ] , [ ʒ ] , [ dʒ ] , [ ð ]
voiced consonants in English

[ b ], [ in ], [ G ], [ d ], [ and ], [ h ], [ l ], [ m ], [ n ], [ R ], [ c ]
voiced consonants of the Russian language

English vowel sounds

For classifying vowels English sounds considered various provisions of the tongue relative to the hard palate, as well as which part of the tongue is involved in articulation and how high the back of the tongue rises to the hard palate.

Distinguish front vowels, when the tip of the tongue rests against the base of the lower teeth, and the back of the tongue comes quite close to the hard palate: the English vowel [ i:] and Russian [ and ].

If the tongue is pulled back and the tip of the tongue is lowered and the back of the tongue is raised to the soft palate, we pronounce back vowel sounds: English sound [ a:] and Russian sounds [ about ], [ at ].

According to the position of the lips rounded and undestroyed vowel sounds. For example, when pronouncing the Russian sound [ at] lips rounded and pushed forward: [ at] is a rounded vowel. When pronouncing [ and] lips slightly stretched, but not pushed forward: sound [ and] is an unrounded vowel.

The quality of a vowel depends on the tension of the muscles of the organs of speech: the more intense the articulation, the more distinct and brighter the sound. Accordingly, vowels are distinguished tense and relaxed. For example, the English vowel [ i:] is pronounced with more tension than [ i ] .

Pronunciation of English sounds

Referring to the contents of our guide to English phonetics, for each of the English sounds you will find detailed description features of its pronunciation and articulation, ways of writing and sound examples, as well as comparisons with other sounds and their Russian counterparts.

The English language is becoming more and more widespread every day. Today he speaks most of population of the planet, which automatically makes it an international language of communication. In addition to the American continents, it is studied in Europe and Asia. Australia, being part of the former british empire, has long recognized English official language. If in Western Europe American and British English are studied by children from the very early age, then in Russia, Ukraine and other CIS countries it is treated very mediocrely. The school curriculum casually goes through the most frequent words, while the children are not really explained the rules for their use. All this makes people learn on their own, which is much more difficult. Today we will analyze how the vowels of the English alphabet are used in words. They affect the quality of pronunciation and perception of the language.

The consonants of the English alphabet are the basis of all words. Total letters - 26, of which 20 are consonants, and there are only 6 vowels in English. Despite such a meager number, they can take various forms pronunciation, as a result, from 6 letters, about 20-24 sounds are obtained. All vowels and consonants are listed in the table below:

As you can see in the picture, the vowels in the English alphabet are highlighted in yellow. A transcription is written next to each letter, thanks to which you can learn how to pronounce this or that letter correctly. The need for transcription has always been due to the fact that to explain correct pronunciation on the example of the Russian language is simply impossible. If in Russian one letter is equated to one sound, then most of the vowels in the English alphabet are pronounced using a combination of two phonemes.

The last letter "Yy" can be a vowel or a consonant, depending on the type of syllable. This should be taken into account when reading morphemic analysis words. Which sound will determine this or that letter depends on its position in the word and syllable.

Types of syllables in the English alphabet

At the lessons of the Russian language, everyone studied an unshakable rule: how many vowels in a word, so many syllables in it. This also applies to the English language, which greatly simplifies its learning. For example, take the word "octopus", which means "octopus". Oc-to-pus - three vowels and three syllables. The example is remarkable in that it has everything we need: open and closed syllables.

open syllable

This concept means a syllable that ends in a vowel or consists of one vowel:

1. A [hey] - indefinite article, consisting of one letter, is an open syllable. Therefore, the article is read as indicated in the transcription.
2. Rules (rules) - consists of two syllables, but only the first is open. Therefore, "u" is read as in transcription, and "e" practically disappears from the word during pronunciation.
3. Far (far) - the syllable is closed. Therefore, instead of [hey], a long [a] is pronounced.

Consonants and their combinations often change the phonetic meaning of vowels in the English alphabet, forming non-syllables of different types.

Closed syllable

Book, cook, root, meet, flat, and other words where a consonant closes a syllable are words with closed syllables. In the examples listed above, "oo" is read as Russian "u", "a" instead of [hey] is read as Russian "a".

Vowels of the English alphabet: reading features

You already know that there are far fewer vowels in the English alphabet than their sounds. What else can affect the quality of pronunciation of phonemes besides the type of syllable in a word? We will look at a few basic rules that will help you start pronouncing words correctly and improve your reading skills in a foreign language.

1. The presence of the letter "R" in the word. If a letter is present in an open syllable, it is practically unreadable and merges with the adjacent vowel. This produces a sound similar to the Russian "e". If the letter is in a closed syllable, then it affects the duration of the pronunciation of the vowel: long sounds become short and vice versa.
2. stress. If the accent falls on the letters "a", "o" or "u", then their pronunciation is practically not performed. They are read casually, the duration of emphasis on these sounds is extremely short. The result is again a sound similar to the Russian "e". For example, the combination sofa-bed (sofa bed) is pronounced together, its transcription looks like [‘soufǝbǝd]. If the accent falls on "i", "e" or "y", they are pronounced like the Russian "i". For example: city, enemy.
3. Pronunciation speed. When speaking quickly, it may turn out that the stress in the word is not recognized at all. This results in the fact that a long vowel shortens the length of its pronunciation or disappears from the word altogether. All pronouns in English are pronounced with short vowels, although the rules are to speak with long phonemes.
4. Weak and strong forms. Short vowels are automatically considered weak, since they cannot take on stress, but in combination with other letters they can form new sounds. Weak short forms are mainly expressed in particles, articles and pronouns. In full-fledged words, strong long phonemes are much more common.

The most incomprehensible for a Russian-speaking person in the study of the vowels of the English alphabet is the analysis of diphthongs. The combination of two sounds for the pronunciation of one letter is new to the Russian language. For a general understanding, it is worth noting that all diphthongs are pronounced briefly, but their position in the word relative to consonants and the type of consonants themselves matter. Before deaf sounds like "f", "h", "s", "t" and other diphthongs practically disappear from sound pronunciation and become very short.

For a better understanding of speech and the rules of its origin, it is recommended to read texts in English with automatic voice acting. Special courses or films with subtitles will do.

English transcription is a sequence of phonetic symbols that helps us understand how to read a particular sound, word. The concept of transcription is quite difficult for the perception of native speakers of the Russian language, because. in our language, although there is such a category, it is used extremely rarely.

Why is transcription necessary?

The phonetics of the English language has a noticeable feature: it has historically developed that words are often read differently from how they are written, that is, it is not always possible to guess how it is pronounced from the spelling of a word. Of course, there are common ones, but still there are plenty of exceptions. For example, there is a large number of words that have either unreadable or readable letters, depending on the environment. And the rules themselves are difficult for students to remember. Therefore, in almost any dictionary, after writing an English word in square brackets, its reading in transcription symbols is given.

Often, schoolchildren and students are faced with transcription at the beginning of language learning, when it is still quite difficult to read even quite well. simple words. Then, as the transcription marks are studied, it becomes easier and easier to perceive the contents of the square brackets.

How are transcription marks read?

There are 48 sounds in the English pronunciation system, therefore, there are 48 transcription marks. Let's analyze their pronunciation depending on the letters of the English alphabet denoting them.

Use to consolidate knowledge of transcription.

You can practice pronunciation with the help of this video:

Is it possible to write English words in Russian letters?

Sometimes on websites or even in books you can see " English transcription in Russian" or "pronunciation of English words in Russian letters" - that is, the recording of English words in Russian letters. The point is that schoolchildren are encouraged not to learn tricky icons, because. it is possible to convey sounds in Russian letters. I find this approach extremely stupid. The phonetics of the Russian language differs from English phonetics so much that the sound can only be conveyed very, very approximately. some sounds English speech we just don't, and vice versa.