What is youth in modern society. Youth in the modern world
District competition of creative works of students
"Intelligence. Creation. Fantasy".
Section: Society and Man
"Problems of today's youth: What do young people want."
Fulfilled
Popatenko Nikolay Ivanovich
Introduction.......................................................................................................3-4
Theoretical part..................................................................................4-9
2.1 Soviet youth .............................................. ................................four
2.2 Modern youth ............................................................... ......................... 5-8
2.3 Comparative characteristics of the Soviet .............................................................. 8-9
And today's youth
3. Practical part....................................................................................9-12
3.1 Study of youth in the territory
Isaklinsky district .............................................. .................................9-12
4. Conclusion..................................................................................................13-14
5. List of used literature.....................................................14
1. Introduction
The problems of the Russian youth, in their essence, are the problems not only of the modern young generation, but of the whole society as a whole, on the solution of which not only today, but also the future of our society depends. On the one hand, these problems are interrelated and come from the objective processes taking place in the modern world - the processes of globalization, informatization, urbanization, etc. On the other hand, they have their own specifics, mediated by modern Russian reality and carried out in relation to youth, youth policy.
Relevance: My topic is relevant, because the future of our country depends on the youth of today.
Problem: I do not know the problems and desires of today's youth in Isaklinsky district.
Hypothesis: I assume that the problem of modern youth in the Isaklinsky district is connected with the spiritual and moral sphere and prefers material well-being.
Purpose of the study: To study the problems and desires of modern youth in the village of Isakly.
Tasks:
To study the youth of the USSR.
To identify and study the problems of modern youth.
Compare the youth of the USSR and modern.
Conduct a survey and determine the desires of young people.
Deduce the reason for the change in the interests of modern youth.
Object of study:
Problems and desires of modern youth.
Youth of the Isaklinsky district.
Research methods:
In the course of the study, various methods were used: search (collection of information on the topic), practical work (conducting a survey among the youth of the Isaklinsky district), analysis, ICT (creating a presentation).
2. Theoretical part
Soviet youth
At the state level, there was a children's All-Union pioneer organizationand the youth Komsomol organization of the Komsomol( ), whose activities were of a state and all-encompassing nature. Pioneer squads existed in every school, admission was carried out from the age of 9. Before the Pioneer Organization, children from the age of 7 were accepted as pioneers in younger groups.
The Pioneer organization provided Soviet children with free, massive after-school leisure activities with the help of various thematic circles, clubs and . School pioneer detachments were divided into units of 4-7 pioneers in each, members of the units provided each other with mutual assistance in their studies, units, units and squads competed with each other for the best performance in studies, behavior, collection of scrap metal and waste paper, etc.
The Party paid much attention to the health of the younger generation. In the summer, the pioneers went to suburban Pioneer camps, created as a sanatorium-and-spa summer vacation.
From the age of 14, pioneers were accepted into s(youth organization of the Komsomol). After graduating from school and entering the Komsomol in secondary or a higher educational institution, a Komsomol member was fixed in the local Komsomol cell of his educational institution and participated in social and cultural activities.
New generation
The process of formation of modern Russian youth took place and is taking place in the conditions of breaking the "old" values of the Soviet period and the formation of a new system of values and new social relations. In the context of the systemic crisis of modern Russian society and its main institutions, which has affected all spheres of life, the institutions of socialization (family and family education, the education and upbringing system, institutions of labor and labor activity, the army), the state itself. Active planting and substitution of the foundations of the existence of civil society with the standards of the consumer society, the education of a young person, not as a citizen, but as a simple consumer of certain goods and services. There is a tendency towards dehumanization and demoralization of the content of art (decrease, deformation, destruction of the image of a person), substitution of the norms of the value of high culture with average examples of mass consumer culture, reorientation of young people from collectivist spiritual values to selfish-individual values.
Against the background of the ideological uncertainty of young people (their lack of ideological foundations of sense orientation and socio-cultural identification), commercialization and the negative influence of the media (forming the "image" of the subculture), the ongoing spiritual aggression of the West and the expansion of mass commercial culture, the imposition of standards and psychology of the consumer society, there is primitivization of the meaning of human existence, moral degradation of the individual and a decrease in the value of human life. There is an erosion of the value foundations and traditional forms of public morality, the weakening and destruction of the mechanisms of cultural continuity, the threat of preserving the originality of national culture, the decrease in youth interest in national culture, its history, traditions, and carriers of national identity.
These factors, combined with the processes of differentiation and material stratification of society that arose during the transition to market relations, naturally lead to confusion, apathy, pessimism of young people, their disbelief in the future, the ability to realize their interests in no other way than deviating from moral and legal norms. . They stimulate asocial and illegal forms of self-realization of youth (growth of criminal manifestations in the youth environment, alienation from work, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution); development of counterculture in the content of youth subculture; desire to participate in informal youth associations; increased tension and aggressiveness, the growth of extremism among the youth.
In the context of the outbreak of the global crisis, all the indicated problematic circumstances in the development of youth can be used by destructive forces to destabilize the situation in Russia and carry out another "orange revolution", which our government rightly fears. Without paying due attention to the education of young citizens and the creation of the foundations of civil society, the state largely contributed to the establishment of consumer society standards in our society and the education of consumers, but clearly did not expect that those in power themselves could become a “product” for these consumers.
The youth environment, due to its age, socio-psychological and ideological characteristics, is in dire need of sociocultural identification, and therefore, to a greater extent than other social and age groups, is susceptible to transformational processes associated with the assimilation of value systems, norms that form certain forms of behavior. The process of social formation of young people, their choice of life path and development strategies, is carried out through training and education, assimilation and transformation of the experience of older generations. Youth is a period of active formation of a stable system of values, the formation of self-awareness and the social status of an individual. Value orientations, social norms and attitudes of young people "determine the type of consciousness, the nature of activity, the specifics of the problems, needs, interests, expectations of young people, typical patterns of behavior." In general, the position of young people in society is characterized as extremely unstable and contradictory. On the one hand, it represents the most mobile, dynamic part of our society; on the other hand, due to the limited nature of its practical, creative activity, the incomplete involvement of a young person in the system of social relations - the most socially unprepared, and therefore vulnerable part of it.
The implementation of the life plans of young people and the opportunities provided to them largely depend on the material resources of their parents, on the basis of which certain intergenerational contradictions may arise. "Parents often become the main culprits of unrealized market claims and consumer ambitions of their children." In youth consciousness and behavior, contradictory features and qualities can be combined in the most bizarre way: the desire for identification and isolation, conformism and negativism, imitation and denial of generally accepted norms, the desire for communication and withdrawal, detachment from the outside world.
In a society where material well-being and enrichment become the priority goals of its existence, the culture and value orientations of young people are formed accordingly. Consumer orientations prevail in the socio-cultural values of today's youth. The cult of fashion and consumption gradually and gradually takes over the minds of young people, acquiring a universal character.
The tendency to strengthen the processes of standardization of cultural consumption and leisure behavior, approved by a passive-consumer attitude towards culture, begins to prevail. It is impossible not to note the underlined apathy of today's youth, which soberly and without false hopes assesses the attitude of the state and society towards itself as indifferent and frankly consumeristic. “77% of respondents believe that: - “When necessary, they remember us.” Maybe that's why today's young generation is closed in their own world. Young people are absorbed in the internal problems of survival in difficult and cruel times. They seek the culture and education that will help them endure and succeed.
Speaking of youth, of course, one cannot fail to note its certain positive features. Modern youth in general is very patriotic, they believe in the future of Russia. He advocates the continuation of changes in the direction of increasing the socio-economic well-being of the country, the creation of civil society and the rule of law. She wants to live in a great country that provides a decent life for its citizens, respecting their rights and freedoms.
Comparative characteristics of the Soviet
and modern youth
Modern youth is easier to adapt to new economic conditions, it has become more rational, pragmatic and realistic, focused on sustainable development and creative work.
She has a much greater freedom of choice of profession, patterns of behavior, life companions, style of thinking, compared to her peers 20-30 years ago. But this, as they say, is one side of the coin. Its other side shows that the ongoing "Time of Troubles" has most acutely affected the younger generation. Our society is rapidly aging, there is a reduction in the number of young people, the number of young families, the number of children born. Each new generation of young people turns out to be less healthy than the youth of the Soviet Union, diseases "moved" from old age to youth, endangering the gene pool of the nation. The socio-economic pressure on jobs has increased in order to ensure the life of all generations; the intellectual potential of young people, the innovative capabilities of society are rapidly declining. The youth turned out to be the most socially disadvantaged part of society. There is a clear conflict between the interests of young people and the real possibilities of social mobility. There was a sharp differentiation and social polarization of young people, based on property stratification, social origin and their own social status of young people.
Possessing social, age and subcultural characteristics of different communities, they differ in material capabilities, value orientations, image and lifestyle. The question arose about the life prospects of young people: their creative self-realization (education, profession, career), well-being, the ability to financially provide for their future family. There are obvious problems of youth employment, deterioration of their material and living conditions, accessibility of education. The youth environment has become a dangerous crime zone.
There has been a sharp rejuvenation of crime, an increase in its group character, an increase in the number of "women's" crimes and crimes committed by minors. Each new generation of young people, in comparison with previous generations, according to the main indicators of social status and development: much less spiritually and culturally developed, more immoral and criminal, distant from knowledge and education, less professionally trained and work-oriented.
3. Practical part
Study of youth in the territory
Isaklinsky district
The main practical task of my work is to study modern youth on the territory of the Isklino region. To solve this problem, I conducted a survey among high school students of the secondary school with. Isakla. After reviewing the data, I created a pivot table.
According to the results of surveys conducted in 2013 in the GBOU secondary school with. Isakly among high school students, 53% of Isakly youth: “What life goals, in your opinion, do modern youth most often set for themselves?” First of all, they noted her desire to achieve material well-being and enrichment; in the second place (19%) - education; in the third place (17%) - work and career. The analysis of the data obtained indicates a clear pragmatic and rational position of young people, their desire to achieve material well-being and a successful career, interconnected with the possibility of obtaining a good professional education. (See Appendix 1)
For modern youth as a whole, a change in the direction of life orientations from the social (collectivist) component to the individual is characteristic. “The personal value position of young people does not correlate with the values of the political ideology they prefer.
Material well-being began to be valued much higher than freedom, the value of wages began to prevail over the value of interesting work. Among the social problems that most worry young people at the present time, in the first place are such problems as: rising crime, rising prices, inflation, increased levels of corruption in government structures, increasing income inequality and social inequality, division into rich and poor, environmental problems , passivity of citizens, their indifferent attitude to what is happening. Of the various problems experienced by young people, the problems of material security and health come to the fore, although the orientation towards a healthy lifestyle is not being actively formed. (See Appendix 2)
According to the results of a study conducted in 2013 at the secondary school in the village of Isakly among the senior classes, the hierarchy of the dominant values of the Isakly youth is built as follows:
Material well-being.
The value of "I" (individualism).
Career (self-realization).
A family.
Stability.
Freedom.
Respect for elders.
God (faith in God).
Patriotism.
Duty and honor.
Characterizing the youth consciousness and the system of values of modern Russian youth, we can distinguish:
Predominantly entertaining and recreational orientation of its life values and interests
Westernization of cultural needs and interests, displacement of the values of national culture by Western patterns of behavior and symbols
Priority of consumer orientations over creative, constructive
Weak individualization and selectivity of culture associated with the dictates of group stereotypes
Extra-institutional cultural self-realization
Lack of ethnocultural self-identification.
The dominance of consumer value orientations inevitably affects the life strategy of young people. The results of the analysis of the results of sociological studies conducted in 2013 among high school students of the Isaklinskaya school showed that: “Currently, in the youth environment, in society, one can meet ambiguous life principles. The data obtained allow us to draw a conclusion about the dysfunction in the youth environment and require a more detailed study. A rather high degree of indifference of young people to such traditionally negative phenomena as opportunism, indifference, unscrupulousness, consumerism, an idle lifestyle and their positive assessment is noteworthy. (See Appendix 3)
All of the above problematic features of the modern youth sociocultural environment unequivocally testify to the alarming trend of deep and systemic social degradation of a significant part of modern Russian youth, in particular, and our entire society as a whole. The youth environment clearly copies and mirrors in itself all the most significant processes taking place in our society. The systemic crisis in which our society and state are still living, which have not clearly and clearly formulated the national idea and have not defined their development strategy, has led to them losing the meaning of their own existence and immediately affected the youth environment. In it, as in modern Russian society, in general, there is definitely no single, well-established system and hierarchy of values. At the same time, one can observe the coexistence of two processes: both the continuity of traditional values that historically belonged to our society, and the formation, mass dissemination of new liberal (consumer) interests, the triumph of anti-values.
The improvement of the youth environment, which forms the value orientations of modern Russian youth, can be carried out by improving the system, forms, methods of implementing youth policy in the Russian Federation.
4. Conclusion
The problems of modern youth have long been one of the most urgent problems of the whole society as a whole, since the future of the whole world depends on the decision of the young generation.
In this work, I am trying to study modern youth in the Isaklinsky district, to identify their problems, goals and desires. But in order to make an accurate result, I also learned about the Soviet youth. She made a comparative description of the youth of the USSR and the younger generation. Identified the causes of youth change. The reasons are as follows: the ideological uncertainty of young people (their lack of ideological foundations of sense orientation and socio-cultural identification), commercialization and the negative influence of the media (forming the "image" of the subculture), the ongoing spiritual aggression of the West and the expansion of mass commercial culture, the imposition of standards and psychology of the consumer society.
Of particular value are the surveys I conducted with high school students. I have thoroughly studied the younger generation in our area. Analyzed the survey results.
I did some research and came to the following conclusions:
The main goal of modern youth is material well-being, enrichment
From the survey "Distribution of the basic values of young people", only 2.7% are occupied by ideals and faith, this proves to us that the problem of modern youth is connected with the spiritual and moral sphere
Priority of consumer orientations over creative, constructive
Modern youth in general is very patriotic, believes in the future of Russia
Modern youth has great freedom in choosing a profession, behavior patterns, life partners, and thinking style.
Having studied the problems, I came to the following conclusion: young people in the Isaklinsky district lack organized leisure activities, consisting of creative evenings, visits to cinemas, gyms, gyms, flash mobs, circles, sections (where informal communication prevailed, which would attract young people).
As I expected, modern youth prefers material well-being, and the spiritual and moral sphere is in last place.
List of used literature
S. G. Plukin Value Orientations
Karpukhin O.I. Youth of Russia: features of socialization and self-determination // Sociological research. 2000. No. 3. S. 125.
Dobrenkov V.I., Smakotina N.L., Vasenina I.V. Extremism among the youth. Results of sociological research. Moscow: MAKS Press. 2007, p. 42.
Karpukhin O.I. Youth of Russia: features of socialization and self-determination // Sociological research. 2000. No. 3. S. 126.
Manko Yu.V., Oganyan K.M. Sociology of youth. St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Petropolis". 2008, p. 79.
Sociology of youth. M.: Gardariki, 2007, S. 190-193 / Manko Yu.V., Oganyan K.M. Sociology of youth. St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Petropolis". 2008, p. 80.
Dobrenkov V.I., Smakotina N.L., Vasenina I.V. Extremism among the youth. Results of sociological research. M.: Maks Press, 2007. S. 34.
Let us now dwell on the role and significance of youth in society. In general, this role is due to the following objective circumstances.
1. Youth, being a fairly large socio-demographic group, occupies an important place in national economic production as the only source of replenishment of labor resources.
2. Youth is the main bearer of the intellectual potential of society. She has great abilities for work, for creativity in all spheres of life.
3. Young people have a fairly large social and professional perspective. It is able to acquire new knowledge, professions and specialties faster than other social groups in society.
The indicated circumstances can be confirmed by actual and statistical data.
By the beginning of 1990, there were 62 million people in the former USSR. under the age of 30. At the same time, every fourth resident of the city and every fifth of the village were young people. In total, citizens under the age of 30 accounted for 43% of the working population.
The proportion of young people aged 16 to 30 in the former USSR in 1990 was 22% of the total population. Approximately the same percentage was in Ukraine. Over the past ten years, there has been a decrease in the young population in the territory of the former USSR by 4.8 million people, including in Ukraine the share of young people from 1989 to 1999 decreased from 22 to 20%.
According to 1986 data, about 40 million boys and girls were employed in the national economy of the former USSR. At the same time, in some industries, more than half of the employees were young people. For example, in industry and construction, 54% of workers were under the age of 30, in agriculture - 44, in mechanical engineering - 40, in light industry - more than 50%.
In recent years, the following trends have been noted in the demographic situation regarding young people:
The number of rural youth is growing, which is a good prerequisite for the demographic revival of the village;
There is a pronounced trend towards rejuvenation of motherhood, although a significant number of young families, due to socio-economic problems, are in no hurry to have children;
The number of young migrants is increasing, etc.
Fundamentally important when considering youth problems is the question of youth as the subject and object of social transformations.
The role of youth as a subject and object in the historical process of the development of society is very specific. From the point of view of the mechanism of socialization of youth, at first, a young person, entering life, is an object of influence of social conditions, family, friends, institutions of training and education, and then, in the process of growing up and transitioning from childhood to youth, he learns and begins to create the world himself, i.e. becomes the subject of all socio-economic, political and social transformations.
It is clear that the problem of youth has a global, universal character, and therefore is in the center of attention of all countries and major organizations in the world.
Through UNESCO, for example, from 1979 to 1989 alone, more than 100 documents were adopted concerning the problems of youth. Most of them emphasize that young people themselves, through their work, must realize their goals. Young people should be in constant search, dare, build their own destiny. Naturally, this is inherent only in democratic societies, countries with a high level of economic and social development.
At the same time, characterizing the problems of youth, at the fortieth session of the UN General Assembly, attention was drawn to the fact that "young people play a dual, at first glance contradictory role, on the one hand, they actively contribute to the process of social change, and on the other hand, they turn out to be his victims."
Indeed, today's youth cannot be focused solely on the implementation of national affairs related to the solution of plan targets; she should be given the opportunity to solve her own youth problems. The interests of young people, their real, pressing problems are an organic part of all the social tasks of society. Here it is appropriate to recall an interesting statement by the famous psychologist I. S. Kon that in the 20th century the pace of change in new technology began to outpace the pace of change in new technologies.
generations. This feature of the scientific and technological revolution significantly affected the psyche and psychology of young people, more clearly revealed their inability to live. We will enter the 21st century with this problem of youth.
Along with the loss by older generations of the right to perform the traditional teaching and upbringing function, the problem of young people's independence, their preparation for life, for conscious actions has become aggravated.
Young people today, on the one hand, increasingly feel like a special group of society within a certain "youth culture", and on the other hand, they are increasingly suffering from the insolubility of many of their specific problems. At the same time, the most serious factor that deforms the psyche of young people is the lack of a certain trust in them. Boys and girls are very little involved in solving and implementing a variety of problems in the life of modern society. Moreover, they are not even included on an equal footing in the discussion of various issues that concern all citizens.
As a result of all the causes and problems discussed above, a certain differentiation is taking place among young people, which has so far been little studied by sociological science. In particular, VF Levicheva in her works during the period of rapid growth of the so-called informal youth associations singled out three classes of social objects of a fundamentally different type: adolescent groups; amateur associations of young people of various orientations (groups for the protection of historical and cultural monuments, "green", associations of creative youth, leisure groups, sports and recreation and peacekeeping associations, political clubs, etc.); popular fronts (social formations, which included young people).
SUMMARY
1. The most acceptable, in our opinion, is the following interpretation of the concept of "youth": "Youth is a relatively large socio-demographic group, distinguished on the basis of a combination of age characteristics, social status, socio-psychological properties that are determined by the social system, culture laws of socialization and education in a given society".
There is also such a more complex and multifaceted definition: "Youth as a social group is a specific social community of people, which occupies a certain place in the social structure of society, is characterized by the process of acquiring a stable social status in various social substructures (social class, social settlement, professional-labor, socio-political, family-domestic), and therefore, it is distinguished by the commonality of the problems being solved and the commonality of social interests and features of the forms of life that follow from them" [№, 17].
With the transition to the market, the formation of a democratic society, not only the ideals of young people, but also the social ideal of young people in general, change significantly. In particular, the conclusions of the Ukrainian scientist Y. Tereshchenko, who distinguishes such traits in a person of our time (and, consequently, in youth) are very interesting.
Firstly, - he writes, - this is an economically free, enterprising, enterprising, active person. He is characterized by independent creativity associated with the organization of a new business and a constant number of opportunities to apply his own strength.
Secondly, this is a person who is deeply interested in personal involvement in political freedoms. Such a person is characterized by a developed legal and moral responsibility, he is able to protect himself and others.
Thirdly, this is a person with a clearly defined worldview and ecological orientation.
Fourthly, this is a person with a nationally oriented consciousness. Such a person loves his people; for him, his native language and other signs of his native culture are a means of national self-identification.
2. The question of the age limits of youth is not just a subject of theoretical scientific dispute. In particular, the upper limit of the youth age, for all its conventionality, implies exactly the age at which a young person becomes economically independent, able to create material and spiritual values, to continue the human race. And this means that all these conditions should be considered in close unity, interdependence, and even more so without any idealization. For example, it is known that many
young people become economically independent (capable of earning a livelihood, self-sufficiency) even before the age of 28. Of course, this does not exclude receiving economic assistance from parents, relatives, friends and at a later age. In this regard, it seems to us that the youth limit (28 years) is largely determined by the period of graduation, obtaining a profession, that is, the completion of preparation for productive work in any field of activity.
Over time, the age limits of young people (in particular, in Ukraine), apparently, will have to be reviewed and determined taking into account the new socio-economic, political and other conditions for the formation and formation of Ukrainian statehood as a whole.
3. Youth is not only a biological, but also a social process, dialectically connected with the reproduction of society, both demographically and socially. Young people are not just an object - the successor of the material and spiritual wealth of society, but also a subject - a transformer of social relations. “History,” noted K. Marx and F. Engels, “is nothing but a consistent system of separate generations, each of which uses materials, capital, productive forces transferred to it by all previous generations ... Indeed, from that, in what, relatively speaking, will be the tone of the conversation between the "fathers" who pass on the heritage, and the "children" who accept it, to a large extent, if not decisively, the stability, the stability of the system depends ")
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