The spiritual values ​​of humanity are my spiritual values. The concept of "spiritual values" (classification)

Spiritual values ​​include social ideals, attitudes and assessments, norms and prohibitions, goals and projects, standards and standards, principles of action, expressed in the form of normative ideas about good, good and evil, beautiful and ugly, fair and unfair, lawful and unlawful, about the meaning of history and the purpose of man, etc. If object values ​​act as objects of human needs and interests, then the values ​​of consciousness perform a dual function: they are an independent sphere of values ​​and a basis, a criterion for evaluating objective values.

The ideal form of being of values ​​is realized either in the form of conscious ideas about perfection, about what is due and necessary, or in the form of unconscious inclinations, preferences, desires, aspirations. Ideas about perfection can be realized either in a concrete-sensual, visual form of a certain standard, standard, ideal (for example, in aesthetic activity), or embodied by means of language.

Spiritual values ​​are heterogeneous in content, functions and the nature of the requirements for their implementation. There is a whole class of prescriptions that rigidly program goals and methods of activity. These are standards, rules, canons, standards. More flexible, representing sufficient freedom in the implementation of values ​​- norms, tastes, ideals that serve as an algorithm of culture. The norm is an idea of ​​the optimality and expediency of activity, dictated by uniform and stable conditions. Norms include: a form of uniformity of actions (invariant); a ban on other behaviors; the optimal variant of an act in given social conditions (sample); assessment of the behavior of individuals (sometimes in the form of some sanctions), warning against possible deviations from the norm. Normative regulation permeates the entire system of human activity and relations. The condition for the implementation of social norms is a system of their reinforcement, which involves public approval or condemnation of an act, certain sanctions against a person who must fulfill the norm in his activities. Thus, along with the awareness of needs (which, as we have already noted, may be adequate or inadequate), there is an awareness of their connection with social norms. Although norms arise as a means of consolidating methods of activity tested by social practice, verified by life, they can lag behind it, be carriers of prohibitions and prescriptions that are already outdated and hinder the free self-realization of the individual, hinder social progress. For example, communal land use, traditional for Russia, which was economically and socially justified in the early stages of the history of our country, has lost its economic expediency and is an obstacle to the development of agrarian relations at the present stage. Nevertheless, it remains in the minds of a certain part of our society (for example, the Cossacks) as some unshakable value.

The ideal is an idea of ​​the highest standard of perfection, a spiritual expression of a person's need for streamlining, improvement, harmonization of relations between man and nature, man and man, personality and society. The ideal performs a regulatory function, it serves as a vector that allows you to determine the strategic goals, the implementation of which a person is ready to devote his life to. Is it possible to achieve the ideal in reality? Many thinkers answered this question in the negative: the ideal as an image of perfection and completeness has no analogue in empirically observable reality, it appears in consciousness as a symbol of the transcendental, otherworldly. Nevertheless, the ideal is a concentrated expression of spiritual values. The spiritual is the sphere of higher values ​​associated with the meaning of life and the purpose of man.

Human spirituality includes three main principles: cognitive, moral and aesthetic. They correspond to three types of spiritual creators: the sage (knowing, knowing), the righteous (saint) and the artist. The core of these principles is morality. If knowledge gives us the truth and points the way, then the moral principle presupposes the ability and need of a person to go beyond the limits of his egoistic “I” and actively assert goodness.

A feature of spiritual values ​​is that they have a non-utilitarian and non-instrumental character: they do not serve for anything else, on the contrary, everything else is subordinate, acquires meaning only in the context of higher values, in connection with their approval. A feature of the highest values ​​is also the fact that they constitute the core of the culture of a certain people, the fundamental relations and needs of people: universal (peace, the life of mankind), communication values ​​(friendship, love, trust, family), social values ​​(ideas of social justice, freedom, human rights, etc.), lifestyle values, self-affirmation of the individual. Higher values ​​are realized in an infinite number of situations of choice.

Thus, the concept of values ​​is inseparable from the spiritual world of the individual. If reason, rationality, knowledge are the most important components of consciousness, without which the purposeful activity of a person is impossible, then spirituality, being formed on this basis, refers to those values ​​that are associated with the meaning of human life, one way or another deciding the question of choosing one's life path, goals and the meaning of their activities and the means to achieve them.

culture- the totality of all types of transformative activity of man and society, as well as the results of this activity, embodied in material and spiritual

values. Values ​​are understood as material and ideal objects that can satisfy any needs of a person, class, society, serve their interests and goals. The world of values ​​is diverse - these are natural, ethical, aesthetic and other systems. Value systems are historical and tend to be hierarchical. One of the highest levels of such a hierarchy is occupied by universal human values. Emphasizing the difference between material and spiritual values, many researchers distinguish between material and spiritual culture.

Under material culture is understood as the totality of material goods, means and forms of their production, ways of mastering them.

spiritual culture are defined as the totality of all knowledge, forms of thinking, areas of ideology (philosophy, ethics, law, politics, etc.) and methods of activity to create spiritual values. The social nature of culture is due to the fact that culture is an integral part of the life of society and is inseparable from man as a social being. There can be no society without culture, just as culture without society. Therefore, from a philosophical point of view, the ordinary understanding of culture that we often encounter is incorrect: "This is an uncultured person, he does not know what culture is." By saying this, they usually mean that the person in question is poorly educated or insufficiently educated. However, from the point of view of philosophy, a person is always cultured, because he is a social being, and society without culture does not exist. Any society always creates an appropriate culture, i.e. a set of material and spiritual values ​​and methods of their production. At the same time, the degree of development of culture depends on the specific historical stage in the development of society, the conditions in which humanity develops, and the opportunities it has.

Culture is the cement of the building of social life, because it is transmitted from one person to another in the process of socialization and contacts with other cultures, it forms in people a sense of belonging to a certain group. Members of the same cultural group are more likely to understand, trust and empathize with each other than

"outsiders". Their shared feelings are reflected in slang and jargon, favorite foods, fashion, and other aspects of culture. But culture not only strengthens solidarity between people. It can cause conflicts within and between groups. This can be illustrated by the example of language, the main element of culture. On the one hand, the possibility of communication contributes to the rallying of members of a social group, and on the other hand, a common language excludes those who do not speak this language or speak a little differently.

High culture - fine arts, classical music and literature - was created and perceived by the elite. Folk culture, which included fairy tales, folklore, songs, etc., belonged predominantly to the poor. The products of each of these cultures were intended for certain social groups, and this tradition was rarely broken. With the advent of mass media (radio, television, mass print media, the Internet), the distinctions between high and folk culture were blurred, and a mass culture arose that is not associated with religious or class subcultures. A culture becomes "mass" when its product is standardized and distributed to the general public.

In all societies there are subgroups with different cultural values ​​and traditions. The system of norms and values ​​that distinguish a group from the majority of society is called a subculture; it is formed under the influence of such factors as social class, ethnic origin, age, religion, place of residence, etc. The values ​​of the subculture influence the formation of the personality of the members of the subgroup.

Cultural regulation of human activity is carried out through a system of values. Unlike norms that must be followed, values ​​imply the choice of one or another object, state, need, goal, which determine the status of a person in society. Values ​​help society and a person to separate good and bad, ideal, truth and error, beauty and ugliness, fair and unfair, permissible and forbidden, essential and insignificant, etc.

7.6. Spiritual values ​​of a person

The scope of such concepts as interest, need, aspiration, duty, ideal, orientation and motivation is narrower than the concept of "value". Interest or need is usually understood as socially conditioned drives associated with the socio-economic status of various social strata, groups or individuals; in this case, the remaining values ​​(ideals) are only an abstract reflection of interests.

Between value and everyday orientations, a gap can arise - a discrepancy between duty and desire, due and practically realizable, an ideally recognized state and real life conditions. A person can master the discrepancy between the recognition of the high significance of a value and its unattainability in different ways. He can see the cause in external circumstances, the actions of rivals or enemies, or in his lack of activity and efficiency. A classic example of a dramatic discrepancy between a value and an action oriented towards its achievement is provided by W. Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet. Almost until the very end of the play, the Danish prince delays the action (and if he does, then it is situational, according to his mood) - and not only in order to once again ascertain the crime committed by the king, but also because he deeply doubts the need to act . In contrast to him, the hero of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Rodion Raskolnikov not only convinced himself that the life of a "harmful old woman" has no value, but actually kills her, and this entails deep repentance.

An important means of closing the gap between value and behavior is the will, which removes hesitation and uncertainty and makes a person act. The will can manifest itself both as an internal impulse and as an external strong motivation in the form of an order.

Classification of values. Any classification of values ​​by type and level is conditional due to the fact that social and cultural values ​​are introduced into it. In addition, it is difficult to attribute one or another value that has its own ambiguity (for example,

Chapter 7

measures, family), to a certain class. Nevertheless, the following conditionally ordered classification of values ​​can be given:

O vital - life, health, physicality, safety, well-being, physical condition of a person (satiety, peace, vigor), strength, endurance, quality of life, natural environment (environmental values), practicality, consumption, comfort, level of consumption, etc.;

about social - social position, status, diligence, wealth, work, profession, family, patriotism, tolerance, discipline, enterprise, risk-taking, social equality, gender equality, ability to achieve, personal independence, active participation in society, focus on the past or future, local (soil) or super-local (state, international) orientation;

about political - freedom of speech, civil liberties, statehood, legality, order, constitution, civil peace;

about moral - good, good, love, friendship, duty, honor, honesty, disinterestedness, decency, fidelity, mutual assistance, justice, respect for elders, love for children;

about religious - God, divine law, faith, salvation, grace, ritual, Holy Scripture and Tradition, church;

O aesthetic- beauty (or, on the contrary, aesthetics of the ugly), ideal, style, harmony, adherence to tradition or novelty, eclecticism, cultural identity or imitation of prestigious borrowed fashion.

In modern society, there are various philosophical concepts of human spirituality. The leading place in their identification and study belongs to philosophical and anthropological analysis, which involves the knowledge of the nature, essence and prospects for the development of man, taking into account natural science and social knowledge about him. At the same time, attention is focused on both the epistemological and axiological aspects of the concept of human spirituality.

In the words of the famous thinker Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), "philosophy is the reflection on subjects, knowledge of which is not yet possible." Indeed, such a phenomenon as "spirituality" is not yet included in the scope of science, but is the subject of critically reflective thinking of philosophers. It is studied by many authors, but the thesaurus of the concept of "spirituality" has not received a clear definition and unambiguous interpretation.

Such authors as L.A. Myasnikova, D.V. Pivovarov and L.A. Shumikhina initially correlate the phenomenon of spirituality with a transcendent, religious foundation. We, however, consider it more important to consider spirituality from an axiological perspective: as a desire for higher expediency, which can become a system-forming worldview factor of our time. This idea was reflected in the works of young scientists, participants of the All-Russian scientific conference "Spiritual values ​​in science, culture, education", held on the basis of YarSU.

At the present stage, spirituality is revealed as an independent essential property of the world (expediency), in the process of mastering which a person develops and improves.

Spirituality is a new stage in the rational regulation of human relations with the world, which is characterized by the formation of a person as a purposeful, self-improving being. It can be considered as the sphere of revealing the reserves of the organization of man and the modification of his nature, the striving for the realization of the highest expediency. This criterion can be considered a backbone for spirituality. That is, by identifying in each movement the main thing, the main thing that leads not to a random goal, but to a goal that forms a system of a higher order, a language of a higher level, we reveal the spirit (spiritual intention).

There are certain signs and properties of human spirituality: creativity, responsibility, the ability of a spiritual person to organically fit into the world, etc.

The spiritual, active behavior of a person requires the development of a multi-valued logic, within which the concepts of "highest expediency", "highest values" will be substantiated.

The concept of a spiritual person reflects, in our opinion, the formation of a modern person in a changing environment of interaction: the globalization of communication, loss of identity, a new virtual culture.

The crisis of spirituality today is directly related to the problems of axiology: the problem of the nature of values, the problem of value absolutes and their criteria, the problem of understanding and assimilation of value meanings, the question of the relationship between national and universal, personal and collective values, etc.

The crisis of spirituality (goal-setting) in ethics is also associated with the name of Kant, for whom the whole area of ​​morality, duty, freedom, moral ideal is a kind of supernatural and even divine reality, which science can only guess on the basis of indirect evidence - internal experiences.

NI Shevchenko writes: "Spiritual values ​​are the arbiters of human well-being. They are creative and constructive mechanisms that work to stabilize society, to prevent its destruction, this is their regularity."

G.A. Avanesova notes that in modern Western works on society and culture, the concept of "spiritual culture" is almost never used, and the term "spirituality" is usually used in the world literature of religious and philosophical content.

The concept of "spiritual culture" is traditionally correlated with the concept of "material culture". The phenomena of consciousness, the products of its activity, are the "objects" of spiritual culture: language, customs and mores, art, science, etc.

Spiritual culture is often defined as a system of spiritual values. In our opinion, it is more correct to define it as a system of goals that become the cause of movement.

Culture can be divided into two components: dead and living. The first is material, static, the second is spiritual, dynamic. But the spiritual component of culture can also have its own culture, its own value core.

Understanding spirituality as a system of driving principles will allow us to analyze both the lofty aspirations of people - the innermost psychological experiences associated with religious orientation, and the manifestations of everyday cultural practice - atheistic positions, movements of the soul of an individualistic orientation.

Spirituality should be associated not with the "highest estimates" of human qualities, but with the "highest goals" that a person pursues.

G.A. Avanesova notes that in most cases Soviet analytical thought understood the spiritual as the ideal, but a number of historians, philosophers, literary critics (D. Likhachev, S. Averintsev, A. Losev, M. Bakhtin, etc.) developed a value-understanding approach to the study of the spiritual culture, when under the spiritual one sees the syncretic aspiration of a person and society to a high and perfect state.

The values ​​prevailing in society are different in their substantive content.

Therefore, spirituality can also be represented by different types:

Aestheticism (the dominant value is beauty);
- theorism (the dominant value is truth), traditionally divided into materialism and idealism;
- ethism (the dominant value is good, the desire to evaluate life from moral positions), as well as individualism, collectivism, catholicity, communality.

Consideration of spirituality depending on the connection with various types of human activity was carried out by M. M. Bakhtin, R. L. Livshits, V. G. Fedotova.

Religiousness (the will of God is thought to be the source of moral norms);
- politicism (desire for power).

But more often they talk about the need to typify spirituality on the basis of religiosity and secularism.

All these types of spirituality are real life one-sidedness, generated by the division of labor and the absolutization of various aspects of spiritual activity.

The spirituality of the man of the "modern time" presupposes a harmonious union of the above types. Integrated spirituality is the unity of truth, goodness and beauty.

The main criteria for such spirituality can be:

Intentionality, i.e., the orientation "outside" to something or someone. We are talking about setting ideal goals, which is already the surest indicator of a spiritually developed personality;
- reflection on the basic life values ​​that make up the meaning of a person's existence and serve as guidelines in life choices;
- freedom, understood as self-determination, i.e. the ability to act in accordance with their goals and values, and not under the yoke of external circumstances;
- creativity - understood as self-creation, aimed at realizing one's meaning of life;
- a developed conscience is something to which a person is responsible for the realization of his meaning of life, as well as for everything that happens in the world.

(These are the criteria of spirituality in the understanding of N.A. Berdyaev, V. Frankl, E. Fromm, T. de Chardin, M. Scheler, etc.)

The presented types of spirituality are based on the concept of "value", the significance of which for ethics was revealed by M. Scheler (1874-1928) and N. Hartmann (1882-1950) in their books on ethics. After the concept "value" was introduced into ethics, all ethical problematizations began to focus on it.

The concept of human spirituality is the system of values ​​of the individual, his ideas about himself, which determine behavior through the will. This is a hierarchy of values, where the main ones are the "higher values" of the spirit, subordinating the values ​​of the flesh.

• What are spiritual values?
• Are there universal spiritual values?
• What are the spiritual values ​​of the Russian people?

Spiritual values: duty, dignity, honor, justice, loyalty to the Fatherland, oath, victory of the people. Without these and many other examples of spiritual values ​​not listed here, a society of the 21st century cannot normally exist. That is why every nation cherishes its spiritual values ​​like the apple of its eye.

Human values

What are values? These are the spiritual and material phenomena of the world that are most important for people.

In the 5th grade, you already got acquainted with family values. There are values ​​that are important at all times and for all peoples. They can be called universal. Human values ​​are a set of the most general requirements for the behavior of a person belonging to any culture. These values ​​include:

• true,
• freedom,
• justice,
• the beauty,
• good,
• love,
• benefit,
• saving human life
• recognition of the rights and freedoms of the citizen,
• strong condemnation of all forms of misanthropy,
• environmental Protection,
• affirmation of non-violence as the basis of the life of human society.

A person wants to be loved and feels an inner need to love others. Therefore, the realization that there is compassion, kindness and love, a sense of duty, freedom and justice, ultimately guides his actions. Also with peoples. If a people wants to be respected for its history, spiritual values, moral dignity, it must know and appreciate its own history, protect its spiritual values.

Values ​​are created by people themselves in the course of history. The peoples defend and fight for them.

Spiritual values ​​of the Russian people

Every year on May 9, the Russian people celebrate Victory Day - a holiday that people deserved by paying for it with millions of lives of their fathers, mothers and grandfathers. They brought us freedom, gave us the opportunity to be proud of our Motherland and be considered a great nation.

How does your family celebrate Victory Day?

All or the vast majority of wars, armed conflicts, revolutions in the history of mankind took place in the name of spiritual values. Social revolutions - for the sake of justice and equality, liberation wars - for the sake of freedom, etc. Even interpersonal conflicts flare up because someone felt insulted.

But sometimes there is a conflict of values. Some values ​​may conflict with others, although both are equally recognized as inalienable norms of behavior. For example, religious and patriotic ones: a believer who sacredly observes the norm “do not kill” is offered to go to the front and kill enemies.

Additional reading
Human life is the highest value.
In our country, the issue of the death penalty was actively discussed in the press, on television and on the Internet.
Is it possible to deprive a person of the most important value - life, if he took the life of another person? The question is deeply moral and spiritual. So it turned out that more than 80% of Russians, according to sociological studies, were in favor of retaining the death penalty. The Orthodox Church spoke out against its use, believing that if God gave a person life, then only he has the right to take it away. The opinions of politicians were divided: some spoke out against the use of capital punishment in our country, while others supported it as a means of maintaining order in society and combating crime.
At present, the estimated penalty has not been officially abolished in Russia (this type of punishment is in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), but death sentences are not enforced. The death penalty is replaced by a long, up to life, imprisonment.

Whose opinion on the issue of the death penalty do you share? Justify your answer.

The Russian Federation is a multiethnic country with more than 180 peoples who profess different religions and speak more than 230 languages ​​and dialects. It is the diversity of languages ​​and cultures that is the spiritual wealth of Russia. Each of the peoples inhabiting Russia has unique unique customs, traditions and values, rooted in the depths of centuries.

Religious values ​​express the spiritual and moral values ​​of the people, lay the foundations of public morality.

Religion teaches a virtuous way of life, humanity, brotherhood, spirituality, life in accordance with the requirements of conscience and moral laws. A special place in the spiritual and moral development of the country belongs to Orthodoxy as the most common religion in our country.

It should be remembered that all religions are united in the main thing: from century to century they teach people honesty, decency, respect for others, mutual understanding and hard work.

The family has the greatest influence on a person.

smart thought
"Love for parents is the basis of all virtues." Cicero, ancient Roman orator

The spiritual values ​​of the Russian people are family, honest work, mutual assistance, religious faith, national traditions, love for the Motherland, for their history, for their people, patriotism, readiness to fight evil, coming to the aid of the weak and destitute. These are the eternal values ​​of Russian society, which led to work and to the feat of the best sons of Russia - Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Sergius of Radonezh, Peter the Great, Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Dmitry Mendeleev, Georgy Zhukov, Yuri Gagarin and many, many others.

Summing up
Every nation has spiritual values ​​- the moral basis of social life, the guarantee of its historical success and economic achievements. The Russian people also have them. They include two categories of values ​​- universal, those accepted by the world community, and historically inherited, reflecting the national character of the people.

Basic terms and concepts
Spiritual values.

Test your knowledge

1. Explain the meaning of the concept of "spiritual values".
2. What are "universal spiritual values"? Give examples.
3. List the spiritual values ​​of the Russian people.
4. What role does religion play in shaping the spiritual values ​​of the people?
5. Can you call yourself an adherent of the spiritual values ​​of the Russian people? Justify your answer.
6. Do you agree with the opinion that the family is one of the main values ​​of society? Justify your answer.
7. How are two social phenomena related - Victory Day and the historical memory of the people?

Workshop

1. Observe the life around you. In what actions of people are the spiritual values ​​of the Russian people manifested?
2. What spiritual values ​​do the following folk proverbs speak of?
   “To honor a father and mother is not to know grief”, “A tree is held by roots, but a man is a family”, “There is no friend, so look for it, but found it, take care of it”, “Die yourself, but help a comrade”, “Learn good, so bad won't come to mind." Continue the list of proverbs about spiritual values.

It is noted that spiritual values ​​form the foundation of culture. The existence of cultural values ​​characterizes precisely the human way of being and the level of separation of man from nature. Value can be defined as the social significance of ideas and their conditionality to human needs and interests. For a mature personality, values ​​function as life goals and motives for its activities. Realizing them, a person makes his contribution to the universal culture.

Values ​​as part of the worldview are conditioned by the existence of social requirements. Thanks to these requirements, a person could be guided in his life by the image of the proper, necessary correlation of things. Thanks to this, values ​​formed a special world of spiritual existence, which raised a person above reality.

Value is a social phenomenon, therefore, the criterion of truth or falsity cannot be unambiguously applied to it. Value systems are formed and changed in the process of development of the history of human society. Therefore, the criteria for a value choice are always relative, they are conditioned by the current moment, historical circumstances, they translate the problems of truth into a moral plane.

Values ​​have many classifications. According to traditionally established ideas about the spheres of public life, values ​​are divided into “material and spiritual values, production-consumer (utilitarian), socio-political, cognitive, moral, aesthetic, religious values.”1 We are interested in spiritual values, which are the center of a person’s spiritual life and society.

There are spiritual values ​​that we find at different stages of human development, in different social formations. Such basic, universal values ​​include the values ​​of good (good), freedom, truth, creativity, beauty, and faith.

As for Buddhism, the problem of spiritual values ​​occupies the main place in its philosophy, since the essence and purpose of being, according to Buddhism, is the process of spiritual search, improvement of the individual and society as a whole.

Spiritual values ​​from the point of view of philosophy include wisdom, the concepts of true life, understanding the goals of society, understanding happiness, mercy, tolerance, self-awareness. At the present stage of development of Buddhist philosophy, its schools place new accents in the concepts of spiritual values. The most important spiritual values ​​are mutual understanding between nations, readiness to compromise in order to achieve universal goals, that is, the main spiritual value is love in the broadest sense of the word, love for the whole world, for all mankind without dividing it into nations and nationalities. These values ​​organically follow from the basic values ​​of Buddhist philosophy. Spiritual values ​​motivate people's behavior and provide a stable relationship between people in society. Therefore, when we talk about spiritual values, we cannot avoid the question of the social nature of values. In Buddhism, spiritual values ​​directly govern the whole life of a person, subdue all his activities. Spiritual values ​​in the philosophy of Buddhism are conditionally divided into two groups: values ​​related to the external world, and values ​​related to the inner world. The values ​​of the external world are closely connected with social consciousness, the concepts of ethics, morality, creativity, art, with an understanding of the goals of the development of science and technology. The values ​​of the inner world include the development of self-awareness, personal development, spiritual education, etc.

Buddhist spiritual values ​​serve to solve the problems of real, material life by influencing the inner world of a person.

The world of values ​​is the world of practical activity. The relation of a person to the phenomena of life and their evaluation are carried out in practical activity, when an individual determines what significance an object has for him, what is its value. Therefore, naturally, the spiritual values ​​of Buddhist philosophy were of practical importance in the formation of the traditional culture of China: they contributed to the development of the aesthetic foundations of Chinese literature, art, in particular landscape painting and poetry. Chinese artists pay the main attention to the inner content, the spiritual mood of what they depict, in contrast to European ones, who primarily strive for external similarity. In the process of creativity, the artist feels inner freedom and reflects his emotions in the picture, thus, the spiritual values ​​of Buddhism have a great influence on the development of the art of Chinese calligraphy and Qigong, wushu, medicine, etc.

Although almost all philosophical systems, one way or another, touch upon the issue of spiritual values ​​in human life, it is Buddhism that deals with them directly, since the main problems that Buddhist teaching is designed to solve are the problems of spiritual, internal perfection of a person.

Spiritual values. The concept covers social ideals, attitudes and assessments, as well as norms and prohibitions, goals and projects, standards and standards, principles of action, expressed in the form of normative ideas about good, good and evil, beautiful and ugly, fair and unfair, lawful and unlawful, about the meaning of history and the purpose of man, etc.

The concepts of "spiritual values" and "spiritual world of the individual" are inextricably linked. If reason, rationality, knowledge are the most important components of consciousness, without which the purposeful activity of a person is impossible, then spirituality, being formed on this basis, refers to the values ​​associated with the meaning of human life, one way or another deciding the question of choosing one's life path, the meaning of one's activity. its goals and means to achieve them.

As a rule, knowledge, faith, feelings, needs, abilities, aspirations, goals of people are attributed to spiritual life, to the life of human thought. The spiritual life of a person is also impossible without experiences: joy, optimism or despondency, faith or disappointment. It is human nature to strive for self-knowledge and self-improvement. The more developed a person, the higher his culture, the richer his spiritual life.

The condition for the normal life of a person and society is the mastery of the knowledge, skills, values ​​accumulated in the course of history, since each person is a necessary link in the relay race of generations, a living link between the past and future of mankind. Anyone who from an early age learns to navigate in it, to choose for himself values ​​that correspond to personal abilities and inclinations and do not contradict the rules of human society, feels free and at ease in modern culture. Each person has a huge potential for the perception of cultural values ​​and the development of their own abilities. The ability for self-development and self-improvement is the fundamental difference between man and all other living beings.

The spiritual world of man is not limited to knowledge. An important place in it is occupied by emotions - subjective experiences about situations and phenomena of reality. A person, having received this or that information, experiences emotional feelings of grief and joy, love and hatred, fear or fearlessness. Emotions, as it were, color the acquired knowledge or information in one or another “color”, express a person’s attitude towards them. The spiritual world of a person cannot exist without emotions, a person is not a passionless robot processing information, but a person capable of not only having “calm” feelings, but in which passions can rage - feelings of exceptional strength, stamina, duration, expressed in the direction of thoughts and strength to achieve a specific goal. Passions lead a person sometimes to the greatest feats in the name of people's happiness, and sometimes to crimes. A person must be able to control his feelings. To control both these aspects of spiritual life, and all human activities in the course of his development, a will is developed. Will is the conscious determination of a person to perform certain actions in order to achieve the goal.

The worldview idea of ​​the value of an ordinary person, his life makes today, in a culture traditionally understood as a receptacle of universal values, to single out moral values ​​as the most important ones, which determine the very possibility of his existence on Earth in the modern situation. And in this direction, the planetary mind takes the first, but quite tangible steps from the idea of ​​the moral responsibility of science to the idea of ​​combining politics and morality.