The death of special forces soldiers of the SSO in Syria. Special Operations Forces Day Special Operations Forces Day briefly

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Special Operations Forces (SOF)

Specially created, trained and equipped formations, units and subunits in the Armed Forces of a number of states, designed to conduct sabotage and reconnaissance operations, organize insurgent activities and armed attacks, including assisting foreign states in ensuring their internal security.

The MTR, first of all, includes the formation of "special forces", which in most states are referred to as "commandos" or "rangers"; as part of military fleets, similar tasks are performed by units of combat swimmers. MTRs are kept in constant readiness for immediate use and can solve tasks in peacetime, in conflict situations and during war, acting both as part of heterogeneous forces in the theater of operations, and independently. The operations carried out by them, as a rule, are covert and are under the direct control of the highest military leadership or commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces in the theaters of war. MTRs are equipped with a variety of small arms and edged weapons (both those in service with the Armed Forces and specially designed samples), light artillery pieces, grenade launchers, MANPADS, sets of explosive devices, optoelectronic equipment, small-sized means of radio and satellite communications, light vehicles, parachute - landing and diving equipment, technical means of propaganda, etc. Training of personnel is carried out in special training centers and schools. The program includes parachute training, training in the use of all types of weapons, including weapons of foreign armies, driving vehicles, sabotage methods of combat, mine-explosive, light diving and radio work, studying the methods of collecting intelligence information, conducting undercover work, knowledge of foreign languages, customs of countries operational purpose, methods of penetration behind enemy lines, survival in extreme conditions, etc.

The fulfillment of the tasks assigned to him in the position areas of the missile divisions will be carried out in the form of a special operation, during which intelligence will be obtained about the most important military facilities, the destruction or disabling of these facilities, as well as the organization of sabotage and sabotage and terrorist acts.

The most numerous SOFs have been created in the USA (over 45,000 people). Organizationally, they are consolidated into a joint command of special operations, to which the command of joint special operations and the command of special operations of the branches of the Armed Forces (SV, Air Force, Navy) are subordinate. The command of joint special operations does not have a permanent composition of the MTR. In fact, it is represented by the headquarters involved in the development of optimal options for the integrated use of the MTR of the types of aircraft. SSO SV include the formation of regular troops, the army reserve and the national guard. Regular formations include 5 Special Forces Groups, 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment Delta, 75th Rangers Infantry Regiment, Army Aviation Regiment, Psychological Operations Group, Civil Administration Liaison Battalion, Communications, Logistics Battalions and 5 Commands ensuring special operations in the theater. The army reserve includes 2 special forces groups, 3 group headquarters, 9 battalion headquarters and 27 psychological operations companies. The National Guard has 2 special forces groups and an army aviation battalion.

For many years, there has been talk in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation about the need to create a new separate structure, a separate branch of the military - the Special Operations Forces (SOF). The need to create such a structure is ripe in view of the experience of past wars and counter-terrorist operations. One of the goals of the creation of the MTR was to unite military special forces under a single command. Before the appearance of the MTR as a full-fledged structure, the special forces brigades were subordinate to the commanders of the military districts, while the GRU formed the task of the special forces, but did not exercise direct command of the brigade. In many ways, a similar structure in the US armed forces, the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM or SOCOM), was taken as a model for the created MTRs.

The first unit of the MTR was the Senezh Special Purpose Center in Solnechnogorsk, a little later a similar body was created in Kubinka - the Kubinka-2 Special Purpose Center. Judging by the reports of various publications, before the departure of Anatoly Serdyukov, the new structure did not receive development. With the advent of the Minister of Defense Sergei Shoigu, the situation changed dramatically and already in April 2013, selected journalists were invited to the MTR exercises in the Caucasus. The main combat unit of the MTR is the Senezh Special Purpose Center. The special operations forces are surrounded by an almost greater veil of secrecy than other GRU special forces brigades. This is one of the most secret and elite structures of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; the TsSN is armed with the most modern weapons, not only Russian, but also foreign.

"Overheard" publication in the group of the village of Paltso

A few days ago, while monitoring social networks by our team, we came across a post in the group “ Overheard in Finger", which spoke about the death of a certain Zhuravlev Fedor. At the same time, in the comments, the author of the post said that Fedor died in Syria:

A little later, a second publication appeared in the same group, in the comments to which another person said that Zhuravlev died in Syria. Also in the comments, one person wrote that he died in Dagestan - we will consider this version below, but this person was corrected by the author of the first post, again saying that Fedor died in Syria:

Original entry
Saved copy

As always in such cases, we began to contact the authors of posts and comments under false legends and fake profiles. We asked for a link to Fedor's profile on the social network Vkontakte or Odnoklassniki (so that his profile and photographs could later be used to prove or disprove that he is an active serviceman of the Russian Armed Forces and was in Syria):

We also specified how he died, where he died:

After that, we clarified in what kind of troops the deceased served:

We checked where the information came from that he died in Syria:

The person in the screenshots above is a friend of the deceased, not the closest, judging by the fact that the last time he spoke with him was in the summer of 2014. We are painted in green on the messages, the friend of the deceased is in black. Then we talked to another friend of the deceased. We established the middle name of the deceased (Vladimirovich), confirmed his age (27 years), confirmed the existence of his brother Alexander, as well as his wife and daughter. In addition, the second friend also confirmed that Fedor died in Syria:

Our messages are shaded in green, friends are in blue.

We tried to find the profiles of the deceased Fedor in social networks, but as his friends said, he did not have profiles in social networks, which is quite typical for the GRUs. We observed a similar thing during ours - they also either did not have profiles on social networks, or they were under fake names. We also did not find the profiles of his brother and parents.

Field work

This information was too little to publish a full-fledged investigation, but the information itself was important, it was impossible to just pass by. Therefore, we passed the collected information to several journalists so that they could connect and conduct their own investigation, perhaps ask questions to relatives, officials, the Ministry of Defense. This was before the funeral. We also decided to make a trip to the place, to the village where the parents of the deceased live and where his funeral was to take place. In the course of working with local sources, it was found that on Monday, November 23, in the native military unit of Fedor, a farewell was held for him and his deceased colleague. According to sources, this happened in Solnechnogorsk, on the shores of Lake Senezh. Also, sources said that in addition to the two dead, there was another wounded.

There are two military units in Solnechnogorsk: 43292 and 92154. Judging by some news, both military units are located on the same territory. At the same time, on the Internet you can find many references about military unit 92154, with the description that this is the GRU special forces, from which the Senezh Special Purpose Center, SSO, was formed. There is very little information on the Internet about military unit 43292, and everything is either with the context “GRU special forces” (but there are much fewer such links than about 92154), or without mentioning the type of troops. Many links about military unit 43292 are redirected to topics, groups with names like "military unit 92154, GRU special forces." We believe that military unit 43292 is simply the headquarters / command / garrison of the same Senezh TsSN.

Also, from local sources, we found that the wife of the deceased lives in Solnechnogorsk, which additionally confirms that the deceased Fyodor belongs to the Senezh CSN.

On November 13, Senior Researcher (RUSI) Igor Sutyagin published an article in which he described which units of the Russian Ministry of Defense are involved in the operation in Syria. This list also included a team of snipers from the Senezh Special Purpose Center:

Also, on November 17, when the FSB acknowledged that Airbus A321, flight 7K9268 had crashed as a result of a terrorist attack, Sergey Zhigarev, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Defense Committee:

“Vladimir Vladimirovich quite clearly said that retaliation will overtake the terrorists, and I think that special operations forces can be used for this, and they operate not from the air, but on the ground.”

This is nothing more than a comment by a private person, these are not statements by the State Duma itself, but it is important to note these words. Together with the words of Vladimir Putin that the organizers of the terrorist attack must be found and punished, wherever they are, the appearance of Russia's elite special forces in Syria is more than expected.

When we started working on this investigation together with individual journalists, it seems that the locals noticed the attention and suddenly changed their behavior: they stopped making contact, they suddenly began to put forward the version that Fedor died during the counter-terrorist operation in Dagestan, and not at all in Syria. Fedor's relatives are also strictly on the version that Fedor was not in Syria and died during the counter-terrorist operation in Dagestan, and that he is not at all a commando of the SSO or GRU, but a simple paratrooper.

Recall that when in June 2015 we talked with the parents of the dead GRU special forces from the 16th separate GRU special forces brigade, that their sons died during the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, and not in the Donbass. In addition, they received documents from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with exactly this version of death.

Indeed, there was recently a counter-terrorist operation in Dagestan, but nothing is reported about the security forces who died in it. In addition, the counter-terrorist operation in Dagestan began on November 22, and the death of Fedor, according to his friends, “has been known since Thursday”, i.e. from 19 November.

Departure to Paltso

For further investigation, we needed to establish the exact date of death, as well as obtain photographs of Fedor's grave in order to prove that he was an active serviceman (by the wreaths and uniform in the photograph). To begin with, we tried to find assistants who could complete this task. We published a message about the search for helpers, while throwing in two additional cities known for their military units (Tambov and Baltiysk) as a distraction:

To carry out a secret mission, we need people from Tambov, Bryansk and Baltiysk. Write in telegram https://t.co/6ZZnHY0zUK

But in the end we decided to go on our own, partly because it is too dangerous a task and the assistant would risk health and freedom, partly because the assistant must be very trusted. After waiting for the funeral to end (so as not to attract too much attention), which took place on November 24, we boarded the train and arrived at night in Bryansk:

The road to the small village of Paltso took an hour and a half along deaf, snow-covered roads:

Arriving at dawn in Paltso, we were faced with the task of establishing the location of the cemetery. Since the village is too small (the population is only 968 people), its infrastructure facilities are not marked on navigators and maps. We were helped to find the cemetery by spruce branches with flowers, which we suddenly noticed on one of the roads in the village. These branches with flowers stretched in a straight line from the house of the parents of the deceased to the very cemetery, which was found on the outskirts of the forest. There we quickly found Fedor's grave:

So we established the exact date of Fedor's birth (09/11/1988) and the date of death (11/19/2015). The confirmed date of death did not coincide with the version of the counter-terrorist operation in Dagestan, which began three days after Fedor's death.

Near the grave of Fedor, we found exactly the same wreaths from the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and from colleagues, which we:

In the photo, Fedor is dressed in a military uniform with the rank of captain:

On the collar are visible buttonholes of the Airborne Forces, but this does not refute Fedor's service in the GRU special forces, special forces of the MTR. Recall that the dead soldiers of the 16th separate brigade of the GRU special forces, about whom, wear exactly the same uniform, with the same buttonholes:

Anton Savelyev, serviceman of the 16th Special Brigade of the GRU

For 10 days, we were supported by 57 people, thanks to which, at the moment, we have managed to collect 2% of the planned amount. This collection is very important to us, because it will allow us to conduct more thorough investigations, devote more time to them, as well as importantly, to undertake such field visits more frequently in search of additional evidence. For example, we spent 7,600 rubles on this trip to Paltso. We will write a more detailed report on the progress of fundraising in a separate post.

Note: we found out that many do not notice that our team can enter an arbitrary amount in the third field, including, for example, 50 kopecks.

For the first time, the Special Operations Forces (SOF) appeared in Syria, according to unofficial data, in October 2015. The military department reported on the first task of the detachment - the protection of the perimeter of Russian military facilities.

SOF were created in 2009. Their tasks are mainly sabotage and reconnaissance operations and guidance of aircraft on targets in remote areas. The MTR special forces groups are armed with a wide range of weapons from small arms to the latest armored vehicles, high-precision sniper systems and anti-tank missile systems.

Structure of the MTR

The detachment is capable of conducting operations both outside the country - for this they will use the Senezh special forces of the Ministry of Defense, the Airborne Forces, special forces brigades (GRU special forces), as well as the Grom special forces of the Federal Drug Control Service - and inside - internal troops, units of the Federal Penitentiary Service, special forces of the FSB and other services.

Emblem

From the weapons and uniforms, I managed to make out:

Modern modification of the Kalashnikov assault rifle - AK.
A Bushnell TRS-25 collimator sight and optics are mounted on the Picatinny rail on the receiver cover.

Ballistic helmet "Spartan" and helmet type 6B7-1M.

Lightweight anti-fragmentation raid suit, created on the basis of the FORT "Reid-L" protective kit and designed to protect special forces officers from primary and secondary fragments. The suit provides protection against fragments of 270 m/s.

Bulletproof vest "Redut-M", unique ASP-M1 steel armor panels protect the chest and back from bullets with a heat-strengthened core (TUS) of AKM, AK-74 assault rifles, LPS bullets from the SVD rifle, but also from bullets with a highly hard tungsten carbide core.

Active headphones Peltor Com Tac XP

Machine gun Utes and Pecheneg

Where were the MTRs of the Russian Federation involved

Aleppo

In just two days, the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) radically changed the course of the operation in Aleppo. In a short time, the allies liberated the quarters: Sheikh Fares, Sheikh Kheder, Haidaria, al-Sakur, Khilak, Baedin, Ard al-Hamra, Jabal Badro, Bustan-Basha, Inzarat.

The success in Aleppo, the Syrian army owes much to its allies. Russian special forces and SOF units were involved in the operation to liberate the city. Russian aviation, including naval aviation, worked along the supply routes for militants, thereby minimizing the reserves of terrorists.

Palmyra

Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu reported to President Vladimir Putin that the Syrian Armed Forces, with the support of the Russian Aerospace Forces, had completed the operation to capture Palmyra.
The city was liberated with the participation of the MTR fighters.

"The operation was planned and carried out under the guidance of Russian military advisers"

Successful interactions between the Syrian army and the Russian side have proven to be effective. The tactics of the battle has undergone drastic changes after the intervention of the Russian military in the course of the case. Each operation takes place under the strict guidance of the commanders, the coordinated actions of the detachments allowed the army to attack the enemy on a wide front, which does not give the terrorists a chance to retreat or regroup.

The fact that Russia used its secret weapon in Syria officially became known only at the end of 2016, but rumors about elite fighters of the MTR appeared even earlier. They were able to identify elite fighters by solving combat missions. The competent and successful outcome of the operation became the hallmark of the elite unit.

The command of the special operations forces remains one of the most closed structures in the RF Armed Forces. It is known that only in the last six months, two MTR fighters died in Syria: Fedor Zhuravlev and Alexander Prokhorenko, who became posthumously Hero of Russia.
The military personnel of the special operations forces performed the most important tasks. They directed and corrected airstrikes, including with cruise missiles, on the positions of the Islamic State banned in Russia, saved the flight recorders of the Russian Su-24M front-line bomber shot down by the Turkish Air Force. This is a small part of the list.

The history of the special operations forces began in 1999, when the Center for Training Specialists was created in Solnechnogorsk near Moscow, and in fact a special-purpose military unit, reporting directly to the head of the Main Intelligence Directorate. Later, the center was named "Senezh", and the fighters were called "sunflowers". One of the founding fathers was the then Chief of the General Staff, General of the Army Anatoly Kvashnin.
Sometimes this center is called a training center, but according to several interlocutors of the Military Industrial Courier, Senezh never wore such a “prefix”, and the wording “training of specialists” served more as a cover, and also emphasized the special status of the unit.
Initially, four areas of special operations were formed. The airborne fighters practiced complex jumps - both protracted and with the opening of a parachute immediately after separation from the side. Possession of such methods allows the special forces to fly tens of kilometers unnoticed by the enemy. Specialists jumped both day and night using night vision devices, in bad weather, in strong winds and fog.
Military personnel of the mountain direction became combat climbers, learned how to storm high mountain peaks, capture and hold passes, glaciers. The training of specialists took place, in particular, on the basis of the Terskol training center located in the Elbrus region. The fighters made difficult ascents, even climbed to the top of Elbrus.
The commandos of the assault direction learned not only to take houses and other buildings. The tasks were set much broader - the capture of enemy targets in various conditions, on any terrain.
The fighters of the maritime direction mastered all kinds of water areas, practiced actions in diving equipment using special tugboats and light boats. They learned to capture ships and coastal structures.
Based on the experience of military operations in Chechnya, a fifth direction appeared in the center - the protection of high-ranking military men. The Minister of Defense is protected by FSO employees. But in the conditions of hostilities, such officials as the chief of the General Staff, the commander of the district troops, used to be accompanied, at best, by scouts or special forces. The training of such "guards", to put it mildly, left much to be desired. Therefore, the question of creating a specialized unit dealing with the protection of high-ranking representatives of the Ministry of Defense, before the appearance of the fifth direction, was acute.
At the same time, according to the interlocutors of the Military-Industrial Courier, there has never been a rigid binding of fighters to a specific direction in the center. All "sunflowers" learned to jump with a parachute, go to the mountains, scuba dive, storm houses. But depending on the tasks, the individual elements of training for the fighters were more in-depth.
Moreover, the command tried to ensure that specialists worked in several directions during their service. There was an exchange of experience, knowledge, skills and abilities between departments. For example, a fighter who came from the airborne direction to the sea, not only learned the peculiarities of working on the water, but also shared with his comrades the skills of long parachute jumps.
From the moment of their formation, the directions were staffed exclusively by officers and ensigns. Conscripts served only in economic units or as drivers.
Future "sunflowers" were selected not only in units and subdivisions of the Airborne Forces and special forces, but also among tankmen, artillerymen, infantrymen, even air defense and RKhBZ officers. Several times a year, the "buyers" from the GRU visited military units, studied the personal files of military personnel and selected suitable candidates.
But this was just the beginning. Officers and warrant officers arrived in Solnechnogorsk, where the so-called training camps were held with them, and in fact entrance tests, where both the physical training of future MTR fighters, and personal qualities, and most importantly, the ability to work in a team were tested.
The sources of the "Military Industrial Courier" emphasize: the main principle of the center is not to prepare an individual fighter with excellent skills and abilities, but to create a team that acts as a single organism. This principle, strictly observed throughout the years of the existence of "Senezh", has always led the "sunflowers" to victories.
Your way and cars for him
In the special operations forces of NATO countries, it is considered necessary to create separate units trained to penetrate behind enemy lines, carry out raids and ambushes on specialized vehicles, such as the Land Rover Pink Panther in the 22nd SAS Regiment, the Pinzgauers in the American Delta ".
The experience of the Russian MTRs has shown that armored vehicles such as the domestic "Tiger" in most cases are not suitable for the tasks facing the special operations forces. Therefore, the choice fell on highly passable buggies, in Senezh highly appreciated the Israeli SUVs Zibar.
From the very beginning, the leadership of the Russian center paid close attention not just to training snipers, but to training specialists capable of conducting high-precision shooting and at the same time solving a wide range of tasks. Initially, Finnish high-precision Sako TRG-42 systems were purchased for these needs, later British AWPs developed by the legendary shooter Malcolm Cooper appeared. Large-caliber sniper rifles from various companies, in particular the South African Truvel, were studied separately.
In Chechnya and beyond the cordon
Immediately after the creation of the Center for the Training of Specialists, its fighters were at the forefront. In 1999, Wahhabi militants invaded Dagestan, but were defeated, and a few months later, Russian troops launched a counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
It is noteworthy that the name "sunflowers" was assigned to the fighters of the center after their first trip to the Caucasus. On that trip, the servicemen put on panama hats, which were not then available in other units and special forces. According to one version, the hats were from the newly appeared SPN-2 summer field kit. According to another, the panama hats that the fighters saw in one of the American action films were bought in a store selling Western uniforms and equipment. Be that as it may, for the unusual appearance, and also since the center is located near the commuter train station Podsolnechnaya, its fighters received the nickname "sunflowers". Later, the drawing of a solar flower against the background of a crossed sword and arrow ended up on the chevron of the center.
Despite the fact that his activities in Chechnya are still classified as "Top Secret", according to reports, the "sunflowers" eliminated and captured high-ranking militants, found and destroyed bases and caches of bandits, and solved other important tasks. As the interlocutors of the “VPK” recall, the fighters of the center were not required to have a 100 percent guarantee that the task would be completed, but all 300. They simply had no right to make a mistake.
One event in the center does not like to remember. In the fall of 1999, senior lieutenants Alexei Galkin and Vladimir Pakhomov were captured by Chechen fighters. How experienced fighters ended up in such a difficult situation is still unclear. But later, both officers, despite severe injuries, escaped from captivity and went out to their own. Alexey Galkin became the Hero of Russia.
According to some reports, the fighters of the Specialist Training Center not only fought in Chechnya, but also solved problems abroad. In particular, they participated in operations against pirates in the Horn of Africa.
The experience of military operations in Chechnya and foreign operations have shown that the subordination of the center to the head of the Main Intelligence Directorate is not the most optimal solution. The head of military intelligence, for example, cannot give an order to the commander-in-chief of the Air Force so that the “sunflowers” ​​are given an airplane or helicopters, a rather lengthy procedure for preparing a request, and then agreeing it, is required. Meanwhile, in some cases, the time for the operation is measured in hours and minutes.
Two centers in a new look
The activity of Anatoly Serdyukov as Minister of Defense of Russia is still subject to serious criticism, but it was under him that the command of special operations forces was created. Just during the transition to a new look, the "sunflowers", having received the official name of the special operations center of the Ministry of Defense "Senezh", began to report directly to the chief of the General Staff.
Serdyukov visited the base in Solnechnogorsk near Moscow more than once. Money was allocated for the purchase of weapons and equipment, several research projects were opened. A helicopter squadron from the Center for Combat Use of Army Aviation in Torzhok was transferred to the operational subordination of Senezh. And in Tver, military transport Il-76s were on duty around the clock, ready, if necessary, to deliver MTR fighters to designated points at any time.
It is believed that during the transition to a new look, Senezh, like the special forces brigades, was reduced, and many of its military personnel were either fired or removed from the state. But it's not. According to the "Military-industrial courier", the command of the center, taking advantage of the opportunity, conducted an attestation of its fighters, selecting the best.
In the late 2000s, a second Special Purpose Center appeared in the Russian Ministry of Defense, subordinate to the head of the Main Intelligence Directorate, with a deployment in Kubinka near Moscow. The new TsSN, nicknamed Zazaborye, owes its appearance to Lieutenant-General Alexander Miroshnichenko, who came under Anatoly Serdyukov to the post of Deputy Minister of Defense, who previously headed Directorate A of the FSB Special Purpose Center, in other words, the Alpha detachment.
Between Miroshnichenko and the leadership of "Senezh" immediately developed, to put it mildly, tense relations. The former commander of "Alpha" believed that it was necessary to create a command of the special operations forces of the Ministry of Defense, relying only on the experience of his former command. The command of the "sunflowers" reasonably stated that they had their own, no less serious developments and training school, and the tasks of "Alpha" and the special operations forces of the military department are different.
In this situation, Serdyukov made a compromise decision - to create a second Special Purpose Center, the formation of which he entrusted to Alexander Miroshnichenko, who attracted former subordinates from the Central Security Service of the FSB to this work.
When creating Zazaborye, Alpha employees primarily focused on their own experience. At the forefront was the individual training of fighters, much attention was paid to physical training - at the level of the sport of high achievements. And collective work, the key principle of Senezh, was not a priority for the creators of the new center.
The interlocutor of "VPK" explains: "At Alpha everything is different. They were brought in a car to the place of the operation, they ran 50 meters and became heroes. Nobody wants to sniff footcloths and crawl through the mountains for weeks looking for militants.”
In 2013, this CSN of the Ministry of Defense was also subordinated to the command of the special operations forces. The post of commander of the KSSO was taken by Major General Alexei Dyumin, who, according to knowledgeable people, largely became a compromise figure against the background of the confrontation between the Senezh leadership and Alexander Miroshnichenko, who actively continued to implement the experience of the FSB TsSN.
It is noteworthy that Zazaborye has maintained close relations with Alpha. Its former employees, as noted by many with whom the "Military-Industrial Courier" met, instilled in the fighters of the newly created center the desire to be the best in everything at any cost.
We note the main thing - the fighters of both centers continued the traditions laid down by the founding fathers, performing the most difficult tasks: they defended the Olympics in Sochi, carried out a brilliant operation in the Crimea, and now they are working in Syria.
Alexey Mikhailov

MTR Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Structure:

Special Operations Forces Command (KSSO)

Office (Special Operations)

Directorate (Marine Special Operations)

Office (counter-terrorism)

Special Purpose Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation "Senezh".

Department of Directions.

"Center for training military personnel of the military unit 01355, Moscow region, Kubinka-2"
The direction of special operations (airborne) - the main emphasis is on airborne training and other methods of penetration behind enemy lines by air. Parachute jumps are practiced, both protracted with oxygen masks, and with the opening of the parachute immediately after separation from the board. Jumps are carried out both day and night using night vision devices, in bad weather, in strong winds and fog. In addition to parachutes, fighters are also trained in the use of trikes and paragliders. Possession of such methods allows the special forces to fly tens of kilometers unnoticed by the enemy.

The direction of special operations (mountain) - specializes in conducting reconnaissance and combat operations in mountainous areas, training is carried out on the basis of the 54th training center for reconnaissance units, military unit 90091 (Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, Vladikavkaz) and in the mountain training center and surviving "Terskol" FAA MO RF "CSKA" (village Terskol, Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria).

The direction of special operations (assault) - specializes in penetration / capture / destruction of enemy objects (headquarters, buildings, structures, bunkers, etc.).

The direction of special operations (protection of high-ranking leaders) - the tasks are clear.

Special operations department (maritime) on the territory of the 561st emergency rescue center of the Navy, military unit 00317 (Russia, Crimea, Sevastopol, Kazachya Bay). The Naval Department of Special Operations is a multi-purpose naval formation trained and equipped to perform combat missions in the waters of the seas, oceans, rivers, lakes. Basically, the personnel operate from various watercraft (boats, jet skis) or operate under water in diving equipment using special tugboats, conducting reconnaissance and performing other combat missions at sea, on the coast or in river waters.

The direction of withdrawal means - specializes in the delivery of special forces to the area of ​​​​the operation by land, air and water, their subsequent withdrawal / evacuation. It is armed with Mi-8AMTSh and Mi-35M helicopters, boats, ATVs, all-terrain vehicles and various vehicles.

Several support units (communications, radio intelligence, electronic warfare, IT, special equipment).

Several support and security units that are staffed by conscripts - a company of reinforcements, a commandant's company (guards), a material support company, a technical platoon, a communications company, a company of young replenishment.

On the territory of the Senezh military camp there is a training, airborne and fire training complex, a dog training complex, an indoor pool, a sports town, a tactical town for practicing actions in populated areas, a heliport, as well as a platform for driving special equipment, medical and service premises.

Specialist training center (former 322nd training center), military unit 43292 (Moscow region, Solnechnogorsk district, Senezh township).

The main task is the training of MTR specialists, as well as the training of military personnel of other special forces of the RF Ministry of Defense.

Department of modernization, maintenance and storage of weapons, military and special equipment and military-technical property (Department of modernization, maintenance and storage of AMSE and VTI) - the tasks of this department are clear from its name.

Special Purpose Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (“Kubinka-2” or “Kuba”), military unit 01355 (Moscow Region, Odintsovsky District, Kubinka-2). Solves the same tasks as the CSN "Senezh".

Selection, combat training and personnel:

Selection in the SSO is carried out in different ways, representatives of the SSO can select themselves, study candidates with the necessary knowledge and skills, and then make them an offer. In addition, every month on the 15th at 9:00 a.m. the day of the candidate, when volunteer candidates can try to pass the entrance tests that are given at the part: physical (3km-12.00-12.30, 100m-13.0-14.0, pull-ups at least 18 times), professional selection, medical board.
Also, the military units included in the MTR periodically place announcements in the military registration and enlistment offices and selection points for contract service of the list of military registration specialties that they need.

Training is carried out at the specialist training center and directly at the points of permanent deployment, where the infrastructure necessary for this has been created and is being created.

Training of officers is carried out at the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School - RVVDKU (Faculty of Special and Military Intelligence and the Department of the Use of Special Forces) and the Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School - NVVKU (Faculty of Special Intelligence and the Department of Special Intelligence and Airborne Training).

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