Innovative methods of pedagogical research presentation. Methods of pedagogical research

Questions:

What is a method?

What is the logic of scientific research?

General scientific research methods

Requirements for scientific research methods

Special research methods

General scientific research methods

Analysis (from Greek - decomposition)

Synthesis (from Greek - connection)

Based on analysis and synthesis, classification becomes possible

Induction (from Latin - guidance)

Deduction (from lat. - derivation)

Relationship between induction and deduction

Analogy (from Greek - correspondence, similarity)

Modeling (from Latin - measure, sample)

Signs of a scientific model:

Methods of pedagogical research

Methods of pedagogical research are not universal

Method selection principles

Empirical Methods of Pedagogical Research

Observation

Disadvantages of Observation in Educational Research

Questionnaire

When is a survey used?

Advantages and disadvantages

Studying documentation

Disadvantages of the method of studying school records

Study of products of activity

Testing

RELIABILITY OF THE TEST

VALIDITY OF THE PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC METHOD

Pedagogical experiment

Theoretical Methods of Pedagogical Research

Study of literary sources

Electronic Documents

In a theoretical analysis, empirically obtained data can:

The results of the theoretical analysis can be:

Methods of mathematical statistics

Methods of secondary statistical processing of experimental results

Methods of pedagogical research

Completed by: R.M. Yunusov

21 group IF

"History with social studies"

Ways of studying pedagogical phenomena, obtained connections, scientific information about them, in order to establish patterns of connections, relationships and build scientific theories.

Methods of pedagogical research

Mathematical and statistical

theoretical

practical

• Literature study
• Classification
• Comparison
• Compilation of the bibliography
• Referencing
• note-taking
• Annotation
• Citation

Necessary for identifying problems, formulating hypotheses and for evaluating the collected facts.

Theoretical Methods

Bibliography - a list of sources selected in connection with the research work.

Referencing - a concise transcription of the main content of one or more works on a general topic.

note-taking - the introduction of a more detailed record, the basis of which is the selection of the main ideas and provisions.

Annotation - a short record of the general

Citation - verbatim notation of expressions,

actual or digital data,

• Study of pedagogical experience
• Observation
• Survey method (conversation, interview, questionnaire)
• Studying the products of students' activities
• Examining school records
• Experiment

Deepening and consolidating theoretical knowledge and testing scientific conclusions.

Practical Methods

Method of empirical knowledge of pedagogical phenomena

Study Method pedagogical experience

these are ways to study the really emerging experience of organizing the educational process. When studying pedagogical experience, methods such as observation, conversation, interviews, the study of written, creative and graphic works of students, and questioning are used.

Observation

purposeful perception of any pedagogical phenomenon, during which the researcher receives specific factual material. At the same time, records (protocols) of observations are kept. Observation is usually carried out according to a predetermined plan with the allocation of specific objects of observation.

• Determination of the goal and objectives
• Choice of object, subject and situation
• Choosing the method of observation that has the least effect on the object under study and most provides the collection of the necessary information
• Choice of Observable Registration Methods
• Processing and interpretation of the received information

Stages

observations

Poll method

questioning

conversation

interview

a method of mass collection of material using a questionnaire. Those to whom the questionnaires are addressed give written answers to the questions. Questioning is also called a remote survey.

an independent or additional method of research used to obtain additional information or clarify what was not clear enough during observation. The conversation is conducted according to a predetermined plan, highlighting issues that need to be clarified.

A kind of conversation is interviewing, brought into pedagogy from sociology. With this method of questioning, the researcher adheres to predetermined questions asked in a certain sequence. Questions are recorded openly during the interview.

Experiment

a specially organized test of a particular method, method of work to identify its pedagogical effectiveness

Stages of the experiment

theoretical(statement of the problem, definition of the goal, object and subject of research, its tasks and hypotheses)

methodical(development of a research methodology and its plan, program, methods for processing the results obtained)

proper experiment– conducting a series of experiments (creating experimental situations, managing experience and measuring the reactions of the subjects)

analytical– quantitative and qualitative analysis, interpretation of the obtained facts, formulation of conclusions and practical recommendations.

Methods of pedagogical research are methods of obtaining scientific information in order to establish regular connections, relationships, dependencies and build scientific theories.

Theoretical research methods make it possible to clarify, expand and systematize scientific facts. Empirical methods Synthesis Induction Deduction Comparison Abstraction Generalization Concretization and modeling methods of control and measurement (scaling, slices, tests) data processing methods (mathematical, statistical, graphical, tabular) assessment methods (self-assessment, rating, pedagogical consultation) methods of introducing research results into pedagogical practice (experiment, experiential learning, large-scale implementation) Analysis methods of collecting and accumulating data (observation, conversation, questioning, testing, etc.)

Theoretical methods Analysis is the mental decomposition of the whole under study into components, the selection of individual features and qualities of the phenomenon. One and the same phenomenon under study can be analyzed in many aspects. Synthesis is a mental combination of signs, properties of a phenomenon into a common (abstract) whole. Synthesis is a semantic connection. If we simply sum up the signs of a phenomenon, no logical system arises between them, only a chaotic accumulation of individual connections is formed. Analysis and synthesis are closely related in any scientific research. Abstraction is the mental abstraction of any property or attribute of an object from its other attributes, properties, connections. Concretization is a mental reconstruction, the re-creation of an object on the basis of previously isolated abstractions (by its logical nature, a process opposite to abstraction).

Theoretical methods Comparison - establishment of similarities and differences between the phenomena under consideration. In order to compare certain phenomena with each other, it is necessary to single out the known features in them and establish how they are represented in the objects under consideration. Undoubtedly, analysis will always be an integral part of this process, since during the establishment of differences in phenomena, measurable features should be singled out. Since comparison is the identification of certain relationships between features, it is clear that synthesis is also used in the course of comparison. Generalization - highlighting common features in phenomena, i.e. summarizing the study. When using the comparison method, common signs of phenomena are established, allowing them to be combined into one semantic group. The more convincing the generalization, the more essential features of the phenomena were compared. Modeling is the study of processes and phenomena using their real or ideal models. Induction and deduction are logical methods for generalizing empirically obtained data. The inductive method involves the movement of thought from particular judgments to a general conclusion, the deductive method - from a general judgment to a particular conclusion.

Empirical Methods Observation is a research method designed to directly obtain the necessary information through the senses (purposeful, systematic study of a certain pedagogical phenomenon). Observation has a number of essential features that distinguish it from ordinary human perception of ongoing events. The main ones are: · purposefulness; analytic character. From the overall picture, the observer singles out individual aspects, elements, connections that are analyzed, evaluated and explained; complexity. One should not let out of sight any essential side of the observed; The systematic. It is necessary not to limit ourselves to a one-time “snapshot” of the observed, but on the basis of more or less long-term (prolonged) studies, to identify statistically stable connections and relationships, to detect changes and development of the observed over a certain period.

Empirical methods Types of observations: 1. by temporal organization - continuous and discrete (in separate periods of time); 2. by volume - wide (continuous), when non-accessible features of the behavior of the observed as a whole are fixed, and highly specialized (selective), aimed at identifying individual aspects of a phenomenon or individual objects; 3. according to the method of obtaining information - direct (direct) and indirect (indirect). With direct observation, the researcher registers the facts he has seen, with indirect observation, it is not the object or process itself that is observed, but its result. Observation can also be included and not included (according to the type of connection between the observer and the observed). Participant observation assumes that the researcher himself is a member of the group whose behavior is being considered. If, in doing so, it is disguised and the targets of observation are hidden, serious ethical problems arise. In non-participant observation, the position of the researcher is open, he watches what is happening from the side. According to the conditions of the observation, there are field (in natural conditions) and laboratory (with the use of special equipment).

Empirical Methods The virtues of observation lie in the fact that it allows you to study the subject: - in integrity; - in natural functioning; - in multifaceted connections and manifestations. The disadvantages of observation are that this method does not allow: - to actively intervene in the process being studied, change it or deliberately create certain situations; - observe simultaneously a large number of phenomena, persons; - cover some hard-to-reach phenomena, processes; - avoid the possibility of errors related to the personality of the observer; - take accurate measurements.

Empirical Methods The conversation provides an opportunity to find out the opinion, attitude of educators and students to certain pedagogical facts and phenomena. The researcher conducting the conversation should be able to call the interlocutor to frankness, clearly pose questions that should be tactful, while it is inappropriate to ask questions "on the forehead". The conversation is conducted according to a predetermined plan, in a free form, without recording the interlocutor's answers. Interviewing is a type of conversation. When interviewing, the researcher adheres to pre-planned questions asked in a certain sequence. The responses can then be openly recorded.

Empirical methods Questioning is a method of mass collection of material using specially designed questionnaires (questionnaires). Various types of questionnaires are used: Open, requiring self-construction of the answer, and closed, in which it is necessary to choose one of the ready-made answers; Half-closed (half-open), when ready-made answers are given and you can add your own; Nominal, offering to indicate the name of the subject, and anonymous - without indicating the author of the answers; Full and truncated; propaedeutic and control; etc.

Empirical Methods Testing is a method of pedagogical research using tests. Test (from the English test - test, test, research) - standardized tasks, the result of which allows you to measure some psychophysiological and personal characteristics, as well as the knowledge, skills and abilities of the subject. The quality of the test is determined by: reliability (stability of test results), validity (correspondence of the test to the goals of diagnostics), differentiating power of tasks (the ability of the test to subdivide the tested according to the severity of the studied characteristic). If we talk about purely pedagogical aspects of testing, we must first point out the use of performance tests. Tests of elementary skills are widely used, such as reading, writing, simple arithmetic operations, as well as various tests for diagnosing the level of learning - identifying the degree of assimilation of knowledge, skills in all academic disciplines. The final test contains a large number of questions and is offered after studying a large section of the curriculum.

Empirical Methods An experiment is a kind of observation, only in this case the experimenter observes the process that he himself systematically carries out. A pedagogical experiment is a deliberate introduction of changes into the process of education and training, a deep qualitative analysis and a quantitative measurement of the results obtained. Types of experiment: laboratory and natural. Laboratory is an experiment that is carried out in artificially created conditions. A natural experiment is carried out in a normal setting. Depending on the nature of the research tasks to be solved, both laboratory and natural experiments can be ascertaining or formative. The ascertaining experiment reveals the present state (before the formative experiment). A formative (training, transformative) experiment is the active formation of some kind of attitude. There are certain requirements for a pedagogical experiment: 1. It must not allow any risk to the health of the participants in the experiment. 2. It cannot be carried out with a known negative result.

Empirical methods There are the following stages of the experiment: theoretical (statement of the problem, determination of the goal, object and subject of research, its tasks and hypotheses); methodical (development of a research methodology and its plan, program, methods for processing the results obtained); the actual experiment - conducting a series of experiments (creating experimental situations, observing, managing experience and measuring the reactions of the subjects); analytical - quantitative and qualitative analysis, interpretation of the facts obtained, formulation of conclusions and practical recommendations.

Methods of pedagogical research The study of documents is also a method of pedagogical research. A document is a specially created object designed to transmit or store information. According to the form of fixing information, there are the following documents: - written (contain mainly alphabetic text); these include class journals, diaries, medical records, student notebooks, teachers' work (calendar) plans, curricula, meeting minutes, programs, tests, etc.; - statistical (information is mostly digital); - iconographic (film and photographic documents, paintings); - phonetic (tape recordings, gramophone records, cassettes); - technical (drawings, crafts, technical creativity).

Empirical methods The method of studying the products of student activities: These works can provide the necessary information about the student's personality, his attitude to work and the level of skills and abilities achieved in a particular area. The method of studying school documentation provides the researcher with some objective data characterizing the actual practice of organizing the educational process. The methods of pedagogical research also include the study and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience. This method is aimed at analyzing the state of practice, the elements of a new, effective in the activities of teaching staff. M. N. Skatkin identifies two types of excellence: pedagogical excellence and innovation. Pedagogical excellence consists in the rational use of the recommendations of science and practice. Innovation is its own methodological findings, new developments.

Mathematical Methods A special position is occupied by mathematical methods and methods of statistical processing of research material. Scaling is the transformation of qualitative factors into quantitative series. Such a transformation makes it possible, for example, to depict personality traits in the form of a scale. Scaling, in which the qualities of a person are assessed with the help of competent persons, is called a rating. A method of generalizing independent characteristics, involving the identification and analysis of opinions received from various people. The method of a pedagogical council, i.e., discussion of the results of studying the level of education and training of schoolchildren and the joint development of means to overcome shortcomings. Sociometric method - allows you to establish the socio-psychological relationships of members of a group in quantitative terms. This method makes it possible to assess the structure of small groups and the status of an individual in a group. Mathematical and statistical techniques in pedagogy are used to process data obtained through a survey and experiment. They make it possible to evaluate the results of the work, increase the reliability of the conclusions, and provide grounds for theoretical generalizations.

Mathematical methods Scaling - the introduction of digital indicators in the assessment of certain aspects of pedagogical phenomena. For this purpose, the subjects are asked questions, answering which they must choose one of the indicated assessments. Registration is a method of identifying the presence of a certain quality in each member of the group and a total count of the number of those who have or do not have this quality (for example, the number of actively working in class and passive). Ranking (or ranking method) requires the arrangement of the collected data in a certain sequence (usually in descending or increasing order of any indicators) and, accordingly, determining the place in this row of each of the subjects (for example, compiling a list of the most preferred classmates).

"Scientific pedagogical research" - OER in pedagogical practice. Methodological principles of NPI. Conducting OER (pilot (trial) and transformative (shaping) experiments, experimental work). 11. Groups of general scientific methods used in pedagogy. Levels of pedagogical research. Socio-psychological: sociometry, testing, training.

"Design and research activities" - Finds a solution. Design and research activities are ... 4. Tasks of the stage. Child. Forms of products of project activities. 1. Hypothesis - the basis of the process of creative thinking How is a hypothesis born? Raises a problem. 7. Protection of the Project. Easy level. Design and research activities of younger students.

"Research activities of schoolchildren" - Creative; Role-playing, gaming; Practice-oriented; Actually research. Educational and research activities -. Search - research; Experimental - research; interdisciplinary; Design; Technical; Creative. It is characterized by: - ​​purposefulness; - activity; - objectivity; - motivation; - consciousness.

“Oral presentation” - If not, outline how exactly you will work. Information that is not perceived by ear - quotes, dates, names. Oral presentation and use of the Microsoft Power Point program. Povarnin S.I. The art of arguing. Feedback. The structure of the written study. 1.1. First paragraph: Repetition of the topic - in one sentence, with its own accents.

"Educational and research activities" - stage 1. Text design of the work. Stage 6 Stages of research activity of students. Students in the process of learning literature should. Study. Stage 5 Jean-Jacques Rousseau To teach not thoughts, but to think. Presentation of students with the results of the study. The principle of research activity.

"Research in the classroom" - Determine the artistic and expressive means. Find keywords. Peter ("Poltava") Peter ("The Bronze Horseman") Group 2. Topic: “Images of Peter and Petersburg in A.S. Pushkin’s poem “The Bronze Horseman”. Determine the size of the verse, the method of rhyming. General goals of literature lessons according to the "Teaching as research" model.

In total there are 7 presentations in the topic

Course objectives

To form general cultural, general professional competencies related to the skills of organizing and conducting psychological and pedagogical research;

Create conditions for the development of self-knowledge, self-determination, self-expression, self-esteem, self-realization;

To develop such personality traits as mobility, responsibility, tolerance, communication skills.

Course Study Objectives

complete and organizeknowledge of scientific methodology, includingpsychological and pedagogical research;

to form a conceptual apparatus in the field of methodology of scientific research;

reveal the methodological apparatus of scientific research;

highlight the methods and techniques of psychological and pedagogical research;

organize work on the implementation, self-assessment and mutual assessment of tasks related to the construction of the scientific apparatus of master's research.

The main content of the theoretical block

Topic 1. Methodological foundations of the study

The concept of the methodology of science. Tasks, functions and levels of methodology of science on the example of pedagogy.

General methodological principles of scientific research. Particular methodological principles of psychological and pedagogical research.

Scientific approaches to the study of complex chronotopological processes.The essence of the modern educational paradigm at various levels.

Methodological requirements for conducting psychological and pedagogical research.

Methodological requirements for the results of the study.

Topic 2. Methodological apparatus of the study, its content and characteristics

Components of the scientific apparatus psychological and pedagogical research: topic, relevance, contradictions, problem, object and subject of research, goal, objectives, hypothesis, defended provisions, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance for science and practice.

Evaluation and scientific editing of the research topic. The structure of the proof of the relevance of the research topic. Levels of formulation of contradictions. Characteristics of the research problem. Rules for selecting the object and subject of research, depending on the wording of the topic.Goal-setting and implementation of the principles of minimizing the tasks of scientific research. Research hypothesis, types of hypotheses, relationship with research stages. Stages of psychological and pedagogical research.

Topic 3. Methods of scientific knowledge, methods of psychological and pedagogical research

Method of scientific knowledge: essence, content, main characteristics. Classification of methods of scientific knowledge: philosophical, general scientific, private scientific, disciplinary, interdisciplinary.Classification of methodspsychological and pedagogicalresearch: empirical, theoretical,comparative historical,mathematical and statistical processing and interpretation of the results of scientific work. Research possibilities of various methods.

General scientific logical methods and techniques of cognition (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, generalization, induction, deduction, analogy, modeling, etc.).

empirical methods psychological and pedagogical research. The relationship between the subject and method of research. General characteristics of empirical methods of psychological and pedagogical research.

Theoretical Methods psychological and pedagogical research: analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, induction and deduction, ascension from the abstract to the concrete, modeling.

Comparative historical methods of psychological and pedagogical research: genetic, historical and comparative.

Statistical data processing in psychological and pedagogical research. 6

Topic 4. Methodology for conducting psychological and pedagogical research and pedagogical experiment

Carrying out logic psychological and pedagogical research, the variability of its construction. Specialty passport. The dependence of the logic of research construction on the specialty.

Pedagogical experiment, its essence and stages. Schemes of pedagogical experiment.

The main methods of processing research data. Features of research data processing. Processing and interpretation of the results of a specific empirical study.

Registration of the results and meaningful conclusions of the study.

Basic requirements for the content, logic and methodology of presentation of research material. The language and style of the dissertation.

Characteristics of the main types of presentation of the results of the researcher

Topic 5. Features of scientific research in the context of ICT development

The role of ICT in scientific research. Review of ICT tools used at various stages of scientific research.

1. The relevance of scientific research. Evidence of the relevance of a specific (chosen) topic of scientific research

2. Problems of scientific research. Formulation of the problem of scientific research, comparison of the results obtained, correction and reflection

The main content of the practical block

3. Goal-setting of scientific research. Formulation of goals and objectives of scientific research

4. Construction of the methodological apparatus of scientific research. Rules for selecting the object and subject of research.

Theoretical and practical significance, scientific novelty of the study