Interesting and necessary information about building materials and technologies. General information about the gates of hydraulic structures

Shield valves are available in two versions:

With electric drive;
With manual drive.

There are several types of shield gates:

Locks for installation in the channel without pouring concrete;
Locks for installation in the channel with concrete pouring;
Shutters for camera wall mounting;
Control gates with spillway;
Sliding gates, lifted by a lifting mechanism;
locks are flat wheel, for installation in a gate.

For mining and processing and metallurgical enterprises, pin gates according to project 827.10-05.003.000. These shutters serve as a screen for overlapping iron and other pellets with a size of 5-16 mm from the hopper to the conveyor.

The main components of the shutter are:

Frame;
Shield (in the case of wheeled ones);
Drive shaft;
Actuating mechanism for manual or electric drive.

The frame is mostly welded from a corner. Assembly takes place in several stages:

A corner of the required length is cut, a gap is set between the two parts of the frame, which will subsequently be the guide of the shield;
All four parts of the frame are set diagonally on a flat surface and welded into a single structure;
A shield is cut out, stiffeners are mounted on it, sealing rubber (regular or oil and petrol resistant (MBS) depending on the working environment of the installation site), the lower part of the actuator is sharpened and installed;
The upper part of the actuator is sharpened, milled and assembled, after which the shield is installed in the frame and the final assembly and painting of the shutter takes place.

Installation is carried out in a specially prepared strobe to the wall, either for pouring or without pouring concrete.

Series 3.901-12
Series 3.820.2-37
Series 3.820.2-47
Series 3.820.2-43
Series 3.820.2-58
Series 3.820.2-63
Series 7.820-4
Series 7.820-6

Closures are flat overflow.

Flat overflow valves are designed to maintain a given level of the medium in the surface tank.

Overflow gates allow excess through the top of the shield, or empty it completely after opening.

Flat gates are often used on irrigation systems, fire reservoir dams, artificial ponds and lakes, so that they do not overflow, and the water does not go beyond the boundaries of the reservoir during spring floods and heavy rains. Such gates often perform the function of repair and emergency repair.

The name of flat valves comes from their classification by design. This is the simplest and most common type. To facilitate maneuvering, overflowing water and dropping objects floating on top, flat gates are sometimes divided in height into 2 parts (the so-called double gate) with an overlapping area of 240 m2.

The design consists of:

A flat shield rolling up and down the skids;
Corner frame, which is connected to sheet sheathing 4-5 mm thick (usually steel).
A frame consisting of vertical posts, horizontal beams - the main crossbars - and auxiliary beams. For small gates, it is advisable to use a multi-bar scheme, which makes it possible to get by with smaller groove sizes and rolling profiles. For large gates, a two-bar scheme will be more economical. The aspect ratio of the beam cage is usually taken as 1:1 or 1:2.
Stiffness ties (in gates large sizes), giving rigidity and spatial invariability of the structure;
Gate valves having a round or rectangular shape and operating under pressure up to 100-200 m and more. Gate valves move along sliding, sometimes roller bearings. The bypass pipe connects the sections of the conduit in front of and behind the valve and achieves the movement of the latter in non-pressure conditions.

If speed is needed, the valves are controlled by electric and hydraulic actuators. If the efficiency of control is not critical - with the help of cranes, usually gantry ones.

The most common documentation on which these valves are produced:

Series 3.820.2-53
Series 3.820.2-57

Repair stoppers (sandors).

The repair stopper (sandor) is designed to block channels of different dimensions and throughput, depending on the design, they can work in various weather conditions(at low temperatures heaters are installed in the shandor). They can replace both tray gates (with 3-side seal) and depth gates (with 4-side seal). The main difference between repair stop valves from tray, overflow and depth gates is the fact that repair gates are operated manually by third-party mechanisms that are not related to the design of the gate (truck crane, beam crane, etc.). Most of the repair stop valves are installed in place of trash grates, in the same frame, for the period of repair of the blocked channel or pipe. In some cases, repair stopper valves are installed for a permanent location at facilities where operations with their opening and closing are used extremely rarely, or the dimensions, loads and weight of the valve do not allow the use of valves of another class or their use is unprofitable.

Stop valves are mounted in the frame by pouring the channel into the strobe or by mounting to the wall on anchor bolts. Installation must be carried out by specially trained people, strictly according to the instructions specified in the manufacturer's passport. The main indicator during installation is the observance of the diagonals of the side and lower pillars of the shutter frame. Failure to comply with the diagonals and other installation instructions may lead to leakage of the gates, or to the impossibility of installing the repair stopper shield into the frame.

Tray shutters.

Tray gates are designed to shut off and control the level of the medium in channels, pipes and open trays.

Tray gates are used in systems of artificial irrigation of fields, reservoirs, fisheries, fire extinguishing systems, mining and processing and metallurgical enterprises, treatment facilities, in chemical industry. Side outlet tray valves are usually used in combination with chain or pin valves.

A trough gate is a closing mechanism consisting of a frame attached to a channel or wall by pouring concrete into a gate, attaching to a wall or channel wall using anchor bolts. consists of a frame, shield and actuator.

Tray gates block the channel by lowering the shield. the shield is lowered to the required height by means of an actuator. The shutter can perform both a regulating function and the function of a complete overlap, or vice versa, opening a channel.

The trough gate is designed and constructed to work with liquid media, both aggressive (sewage, etc.) and non-aggressive (in irrigation and water supply systems).

Depending on the size of the valve and on the needs of the customer, the valve can be controlled manually, using a handwheel or gearbox, as well as using hydraulic and electric drives. various types. The electric drive is considered the best option for tray gates.

Gates are structures that close and open openings in hydraulic structures for the passage of water, as well as ships, rafts, ice and other floating bodies.
There are gates permanently operating (working, main) and temporarily operating (repair, emergency and construction).
Depending on the position in relation to the water horizon in the upstream, surface gates are distinguished, which are located on the threshold of the dam and rise with their upper edge above the water level, and deep ones, completely submerged in water.
Various types of gates are used in construction. There are several systems for classifying them.
According to the design feature, the gates are flat, segment, sector, roller, etc.
The choice of gate type is a complex task of hydraulic engineering construction. For example, for a surface weir gate, this choice is related to the shape and dimensions of the crest of the weir, the location, size and number of intermediate supports (bulls), the types of bridges, the mode of operation, and many other factors.
In modern construction, flat and segment gates are most often used.

Figures VII-1, 2 and 3 show the mechanical arrangement of submerged holes 7 m wide and 12 m high at a head of 27.5 m in operational condition. The holes can be covered with flat three-section wheel gates 1 serviced by stationary lifting mechanisms 2. Garbage gratings 3 are located in front of the gates. The grooves of the gratings 4 are used to install, if necessary, repair stopper barriers. In front of the gratings, grooves 5 are arranged for the guide beam of the grab 6, which removes debris accumulating in front of the gratings. A gantry crane 7 with a trolley 8 serves gratings, a grab and a repair barrier.
Figure VII-4,a shows general form crest of a spillway dam with flat gates, and in Figure VII-4,b - a flat gate in a raised state.
Flat gates are used on dams, spillways, hydroelectric power stations, locks, canals, etc.

Usually, these valves are lifted up to open the hole. In some cases, mainly to create a large free space above the water level, the gates are lowered in the non-working position (gates of shipping locks, temporary barriers on canals). In rare cases, the shutters can be lowered slightly (for example, to release ice and sludge) and fully raised, or, conversely, partially raised and fully lowered. Such devices are complex and not always reliable in operation.
The width (span) of the hole is its horizontal size in the light between the lateral vertical faces of the supports (bulls). The height of the surface opening is the vertical distance from the threshold to the normal retaining water level; The height of a submerged hole is the vertical distance from the threshold to the top of the hole.
The dimensions of openings blocked by gates should be assigned in accordance with building codes (CH 149-60) "Dimensions of culverts in hydraulic structures blocked by gates". They vary in surface gates in width from 0.4 to 30 m and in height from 0.3 to 20 m, and in submerged gates in width from 0.3 to 18 m and in height from 0.5 to 10 m.

Elements of flat valves

A flat shutter consists of a movable part (shield) and fixed (embedded) parts. Move the shutter lifting mechanisms. Above the gates for their maintenance, crane and service bridges are usually arranged.
The movable part of the flat valve consists of the following elements (fig. VII-5 and 6).
The casing, usually located on the pressure side of the gate, prevents the flow of water, perceives its pressure and transfers the latter to auxiliary beams, posts and crossbars. Sheathing is made of sheet steel.

The beam cage consists of racks (diaphragms) and auxiliary beams (stringers), which are usually placed horizontally. The beam cage transfers water pressure from the skin to the crossbars.
Gate bolts transmit water pressure to the support-end posts. Depending on the size of the gate span and the height of the water pressure, the crossbars are made from rolled or composite beams or from trusses.
Support-end racks transmit horizontal and vertical pressures from crossbars and longitudinal braced trusses to the support-running parts and suspension devices. Support-end racks provide an invariable mutual arrangement of the ends of the crossbars and serve to secure all support-running and lifting devices. Lifting devices are sometimes attached to intermediate diaphragms.
Longitudinal connections between crossbars, located in the planes of their compressed and stretched belts, form vertical trusses together with these belts. They perceive the own weight of the shutter and other vertically acting loads, transferring them to the support-end posts. Therefore, longitudinal truss trusses are sometimes called weight or lifting. Thanks to them, the mutual arrangement of the crossbars and the stability of the compressed belts are maintained; they also reduce vertical deformations (sagging) of horizontal ledgers.
The steel sheathing, together with the uprights and auxiliary beams, forms a rigid disk, which ensures the invariable vertical position of the main crossbars, the stability of their compressed chords and joint work on the perception of vertical forces. For this reason, in gates with steel sheathing superimposed on the belts of the crossbars, from the side of the location of the latter, longitudinal connections between the crossbars are not satisfied.
Transverse braces - vertical trusses, the belts of which are on one side of the rack of the beam cage, and on the other - the racks of the longitudinal truss truss. The truss lattice can be of various shapes. At small distances between the crossbars, the cross-link lattice is replaced with a continuous sheet - a diaphragm.
Cross braces must maintain the spatial invariability of the through parallelepiped formed by crossbars and longitudinal braces and prevent its twisting. Transverse and longitudinal connections must ensure the operation of the shutter as a spatial structure.
In cases of uneven loading of individual crossbars, transverse braces equalize the loads between them. This alignment is the more intense, the greater the rigidity of the cross-links. At medium and high pressures, transverse braced trusses (diaphragms) take on the load of the auxiliary beams and transfer it to the crossbars.
Support-running and guiding devices(see Fig. VII-5 and VII-6) are used to transfer water pressure to the fixed (embedded) parts of the gate and further to the concrete mass of the structure, as well as to move the gate.
More often, wheel supports and sliding supports made of wood-laminated plastic (DSP-B) are used, less often - sliding in the form of wooden bars or metal strips located along the entire height of the shutter. Roller and caterpillar bearings are almost never used in our construction.
To limit lateral movements and distortions of the shield in the process of maneuvering it, as well as to reduce vibration when the shutter is not fully opened, guide devices in the form of side and reverse wheels are used.
The seals cover the gaps between the casing and the embedded parts of the shutter, preventing water from leaking around the casing. Depending on the location of the seals, vertical (lateral) and horizontal seals are distinguished. Horizontal seals located at the bottom of the movable part of the shutter are called bottom seals; located between the sections or between the valve and the main part of the shield - intermediate, and the seals between the visor and the top of the depth gate - the top.
Suspension devices connect the movable part of the shutter with the rods of the lifting mechanisms, as well as with the pickups during its temporary suspension.
Shutter fixed parts consist of the following elements (Fig. VII-6):
- support-running embedded parts for impellers, rollers, skids, etc. (working paths);
- support-running embedded parts for reverse and side wheels (reverse and side tracks);
- embedded parts of vertical and horizontal seals;
- reinforcement of corners of concrete masonry and visor walls;
- shutter heating devices.
Lifting mechanisms they can be mobile - hoists, gantry (Fig. VII-I and VII-4), portal, bridge and other cranes or fixed - winches and screw hoists. Fixed mechanisms are expedient with a small number of shutters, with high-speed shutters, and in a number of other cases. The moving part of the shutter is connected to the lifting mechanism by means of cables, rods, chains, etc.

Types of flat valves and their areas of application

The simplest type of flat valves is shown in Figure VII-7. They consist of a shield and a mortgage frame. Such gates are widely used in small reclamation canals. The design of the movable part (shield) consists of a strapping (two racks and one or two beams) and sheathing.
With a small hole height and a relatively large length of it, several intermediate racks can be placed between the horizontal strapping. Such shutters are called rack-mount.

The scope of multi-bar gates is small and medium-sized spans, in which it is possible to do with crossbars from rolled beams. In gates of medium spans with a high pressure for crossbars, it is advisable to use the same type of welded beams with a variable width of the belts along the height of the gate. Multi-bar gates are often used to cover deep holes.
According to the height of the shutter, the crossbars should be positioned so that in the normal working position they are equally loaded. In this case, the greatest repeatability of the elements of the main load-bearing structures and a relatively uniform loading of the support-end racks are obtained.
double bolt gates(Fig. VII-5) are most often used in our construction.
The concentration of efforts and, consequently, materials in two powerful crossbars leads to simplicity of design, clarity of its static work, as well as to a reduction in the complexity of manufacturing and installation. The feasibility of using double-bar gates increases with the increase in span.
The need to release ice (sludge) and other floating bodies without significant loss of water, as well as the accuracy of the control of the retaining horizon, creates the need to release water on top of the gate, that is, to lower its upper edge. Partial lowering of the shutter into the flutbet niche has not become widespread in construction due to the complexity of the device and the maneuvering of such shutters. The arrangement of a niche in the spillway threshold worsens the hydraulic qualities of the spillway and makes it difficult to seal along the threshold. Therefore, the above tasks are solved with the help of gates with a valve and, less often, double gates.

The location of the valves in relation to the shell and the shape of their upper surfaces in the open position should provide a smooth (if possible, vacuum-free) surface for draining water (Fig. VII-8). The valve must be of high rigidity in order to withstand significant bending and torque moments, as well as possible impacts from floating bodies. The stiffening element (usually a pipe) should not be combined with the axis of rotation (Fig. VII-8,b), as this complicates and increases the cost of bearings and seals. The stiffening element must be placed in the middle part of the valve (Fig. VII-8, f). To discharge ice along the top of the shutter, the height of the valve is set at least 1.5 m.

Diagrams of dual flat valves are given in Figure VII-9. Double gates are advisable at a head height of at least 5 m. The parts of the gates shown in Figure VII-9, a, b, can move independently of one another. However, this requires the device of an extra pair of mortgage sets running gear. In the scheme of Figure VII-9, and when lowering the upper gate, there is no smooth surface for overflowing water and floating bodies. The latter, hitting a part of the lower shutter, cause them to vibrate and damage.
The lifting of the lower gate according to scheme VII-9,b when sheathed on the pressure side is hampered by the pressure of the water column, and when sheathed on the downstream side, it is hampered by ice and floating objects that can get stuck among the structural elements.
These shortcomings are eliminated in schemes with consoles (Fig. VII-9, c, d). The device of the console in the second case, due to the impossibility of setting the struts, is more difficult than in the first, where the console of the upper part of the shutter rests on the running wheels that roll along the vertical paths arranged on the lower part of the shutter. Such an L-shaped design of the upper part of the gate allows it to be lowered to 0.4 of the total height of the gate and to obtain a height of the overflowing water layer that is much greater than in other double gates or gates with a valve.
The disadvantages of double gates (and gates with valves) compared to single gates are an increase in steel consumption by 15-20% and an increase in cost by 10-20%, in the complexity of lifting mechanisms and in an increase in maneuvering difficulties in winter (due to freezing). The use of double gates and gates with a valve somewhat reduces the required height of the bulls, which partly compensates for the higher cost of the moving part of the gate.
To block holes with high pressure, flat sectional valves are used, made up of several sections in height (Fig. VII-10).
The widespread use of flat valves in hydraulic engineering construction is due to the following advantages:
- the possibility of using on the spillway of any shape (without additional widening of the crest); flat gates require the smallest dimensions of the structure along the flow;
- the ability to block the openings of large spans and at high pressures;
- shutter speed; ease and safety of maneuvering; ease of maintenance (mobile cranes); satisfactory operation, even in the presence of sediment (with the exception of lowering gates);
- the possibility of dividing the shutter in height into parts, which facilitates the maneuvering of the shutter, the discharge of ice and the accuracy of the control of the retaining horizon (gates with a valve, double and sectional);
- small losses of water due to filtration;
- simplicity of design, relative ease and speed of manufacture and installation; installation is especially simplified with small sizes of valves or their sections, which can be shipped assembled from the factory;
- availability of all elements of the movable part of the valve for inspection and repair after lifting;
- the possibility of using the main gate as a construction, repair and emergency;
- great profitability in terms of both construction and operating costs.
The disadvantages of flat shutters include:
- the difficulty of their trouble-free operation in harsh winter conditions and during the period of ice drift (the use of artificial heating alleviates this drawback);
- relatively large height and thickness of bulls; large lifting forces and, in connection with this, the need for lifting mechanisms of high power.
To dampen the flow rate, water is sometimes passed simultaneously from above and below the shutter. In this case, despite the supply of air from the side of the bulls to reduce the effect of vacuum, the valve operates under difficult conditions of a sharply changing hydrodynamic load, sometimes taking on the character of a shock. The design of the shutter turns out to be heavy, and the carrying capacity of the mechanisms is very large. The use of such locks is not recommended.
The vertical load when lifting one section with the outflow of water from above and below can be more than the force required to lift the entire gate (without disengaging the sections).
The shutters of the submerged holes are located either in front of the visor wall or behind it. In the first case, the vertical pressure of the water contributes to the lowering of the shutter, and when lifting, it increases the lifting force. In the second case, the opposite phenomenon is observed, and the necessary force for lowering the shutter is created by a ballast or a booster mechanism. When the tailwater horizon is above the hole, in both cases air supply behind the shield is necessary.

Design instructions

Gate designs must meet the operational requirements and technical safety imposed on them, be reliable and as simple as possible to maneuver.
The requirements of saving metal in the design of valves are important not only in themselves. They get special importance, since reducing the consumption of steel on the movable part of the shutter lightens its weight and makes it possible to reduce the power of lifting mechanisms, rods, crane bridges and other similar devices.
When designing gates, all possible measures should be taken to reduce labor intensity and speed up the processes of manufacturing and installation of structures. It is necessary that the design of the gates be accessible for inspection and convenient for repair and replacement of elements that are most susceptible to wear and damage.
When designing embedded parts, it is necessary to provide for their greater rigidity and invariable position during concreting.
Valves should be protected against corrosion, cavitation and wear (by choice of base material, various coatings, etc.). It is not allowed to increase the thickness of the metal in the structures of the gates for corrosion.
When breaking down gates into shipping marks, it is necessary to take into account the load capacity and overall dimensions. Vehicle and ease of transportation. At the same time, you should strive to ensure that the maximum work is done at the factory.
The design of the mounting joints should provide the possibility of easy winding of the assembled parts, ease of fastening and quick alignment.
The breakdown of joints should be assigned in such a way as to make the widest possible use of steel in custom lengths, with the least waste and losses.
In shutters, due to the uncertainty of the operation of their elements during vibration, joints of elements with milled ends should not be arranged.
On the working drawings, it is necessary to indicate the order of applying welds in the field joints. If part of the assembly joints is made by welding, and part by riveting or bolts, then all welded joints must be made first. Mounting joints of the main elements of valves, especially those operating under vibration effects, should be performed on high-strength bolts that transmit forces due to friction forces.
Gate structural elements should be designed, as a rule, from rigid profiles, rolled angles, I-beams, channels, welded tees, bent profiles, etc. Bent profiles give a particularly great effect in embedded parts. Bent profiles for hydraulic structures should be made with large curvature radii in order to cause less damage to the steel structure, since the latter contribute to the development of the most dangerous corrosion - intergranular. All structural elements should be designed from the smallest number parts.
For load-bearing elements steel structures, with the exception of decking and railings, it is allowed to use:

In gates with a span of more than 10 m, the skin thickness is allowed at least 10 mm.
For gates with a span of no more than 2 m at heads of no more than 6 m, sheet steel and profiles with a thickness of at least 4 mm can be used.
In the embedded parts of the gates, the thickness of the elements must be at least 12 mm.
Welded joints should be made accessible from both sides for welding and subsequent inspection, preferably in a butt joint without reinforcing pads.
The height of design fillet welds must be at least 6 mm, and sealing - at least 4 mm. Intermittent welds should not be used.
Welds should be positioned so that the smallest possible shrinkage stresses and deformations occur in the structure during welding. Overhead sutures are not allowed.
It is necessary to strive for such types of structures and for such an arrangement of welds in which the least number of corners is required during the welding process.
Upsetting and bending of profile (rolled) steel is not recommended.
The diameter of bolts or rivets in design connections must be at least 12 mm; the largest distance between the centers of bolts and rivets in the extreme rows of watertight structures is not more than five hole diameters or eight thicknesses of the smallest of the sheets to be joined.
When working bolts in tension, bolts of normal accuracy should be used, when working bolts in shear - bolts for holes from under the reamer.
For detachable connections that are in water or in conditions of high humidity, we use fasteners made of stainless material, for example, steel grade 2X13.
The shape and arrangement of the elements that make up the gates, as well as the methods of connecting them in the nodes, should, if possible, exclude stagnation of water and the accumulation of dirt. In trough-shaped surfaces with rims and ribs turned upwards, drain holes with a diameter of at least 50 mm should be made; narrow slots and voids that are inaccessible for cleaning and painting are unacceptable.
The upper edge of the surface gate (with the hole closed) must be located at least 200 mm above the highest retaining level supported by the gate (including wind surge), if the operating conditions do not require water overflow through the gate.
The outline of the lower part of the shutter, and in the case of overflow of water on top and the upper part, must ensure the flow of water without the formation of a vacuum and the disruption of the jet. When overflowing water over the valve, measures must be taken to eliminate the possibility of damage to parts of the valve by floating bodies. Jet repulsion with narrow gates can be created by a corresponding curvilinear outline of the top of the skin, made in the form of a visor. An example of a flat valve covered by a solid curved flume is shown in Figure VII-11.
In the presence of a vacuum, air must be supplied to the low pressure zone.
In flat and segmental valves intended for maneuvering under pressure, with casing located on the pressure side, the lower bolt must be located so that the line connecting the bottom edges of the lower horizontal seal and the lower bolt chord has an inclination to the horizon of at least 30° ( see angle α in Figure VII-11). If the requirement regarding the location of the lower crossbar cannot be structurally implemented, then the wall of the lower crossbar should be made lattice or provided with holes. with total area at least 20% of its total area.

Bottom seals should be located as close as possible to the shell and have a streamlined shape.
In frequently operating deep gates, the visor wall should be lined with sheet steel to the entire height of the working lift of the shutter, increased by 25-40 cm. This is necessary for tight contact with the visor wall of the upper horizontal seal of the shutter during its entire movement. In this way, the possibility of water overflow through the gate is eliminated, which causes its vibration, promotes the suction of foreign bodies between the visor wall and the seal, and significantly increases the lifting force.
Valves intended for maneuvering at negative temperatures must have special measures to ensure their trouble-free operation:
- the location of the casing on the pressure side and ensuring the greatest water tightness of the seals (in some cases it is advisable to arrange double-row seals in an appropriate combination with heating devices);
- reduction of surfaces on which freezing of the moving parts of the shutter to the fixed ones is possible;
- production of shutter grooves with such dimensions and devices that would make it easy to clean the ice;
- supply of heating devices for embedded or moving parts at places of possible freezing.
When dumping ice on top of the gate, ice-breaking devices must protect the gate parts and slots from damage by the ice that is thrown off.
If there are many sediments and large floating objects in the water, special measures must be taken to protect the valve parts from clogging, seizing, excessive wear, etc. In these cases, special attention should be paid to the protection of the running parts.
The possibility of sedimentation on the threshold of the dam at the gate should be taken into account when calculating its parts and lifting mechanisms.
For gates that are maneuvered in flowing water, the casing should be located on the pressure side. If necessary, when lowering deep-seated gates in the additional pressure of water ballast, the upper part of the casing of such gates can be located on the downstream side.
The cost of metal structures and mechanical equipment reaches 10% of the total cost of building a hydroelectric power plant. In terms of weight, the consumption of steel is from 30 to 45 kg per 1 kW of station power (less in diversion stations and more in dam stations). A significant proportion of the cost and weight of steel falls on the closures. Therefore, the issues of reducing the cost of gates and their equipment and reducing labor intensity, speeding up manufacturing and installation require special attention. Steel structures of hydraulic structures belong to the group of the most labor-intensive and expensive both in terms of manufacture and installation.
The increased cost of manufacturing and installation of steel structures for hydraulic purposes is explained by the complexity of structures that occupy an intermediate position between the actual building structures and mechanisms; the presence of mechanical parts (sometimes cast) that require careful fitting; increased requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing and installation; installation conditions.
When deciding whether to use a solid or through design in the gate, it is necessary to take into account the following disadvantages of through designs compared to solid ones: higher labor intensity of manufacturing; the need to use mainly manual welding(whereas in solid structures, the main mass of welded joints can be performed automatically or semi-automatically); greater sensitivity to dynamic influences; higher sensitivity to defects in welded joints; the relative ease of damage to individual structural elements.
The advantages of through structures include: less weight; some improvement in the hydraulic conditions of the shutter (for example, with a small distance from the lower bolt to the threshold); less susceptibility to water stagnation and dirt accumulation, etc.
The advantages and disadvantages of solid-wall structures are directly opposite to the characteristics of through structures listed above. In addition, solid-wall structures are closer to the main provisions of the accepted progressive methods for calculating the span structures of flat gates as spatial structures. Finally, solid-wall structures are not only less damaged than through structures, but, being significantly damaged, they do not immediately lose their bearing capacity. There are many cases of prolonged operation of welded crane beams with a large number of cracks of great length in the belt seams and walls. Solid-wall structures work better under dynamic and vibrational influences. They are easier to adapt to the manifestations of various force effects that are not taken into account or not fully taken into account in the calculations (for example, hydrodynamic effects).
For these numerous reasons, solid-walled structures are becoming more widespread in post-war construction, including in the field of mechanical equipment of hydraulic structures.
Cost savings, faster fabrication and erection of steel structures and mechanical equipment can be obtained by factory fabricating full size valves, including the installation of mechanical parts and seals. Oversized gates should be manufactured at the factory in the largest possible spatial blocks, taking into account the ever-increasing capacity of lifting equipment at construction sites. In this regard, sectional gates have great advantages, individual sections of which fit into the gauge of the rolling stock of railways.
The installation of gates is very effectively carried out with the help of operational cranes.
It is necessary that designers from the beginning of their work know which plant will manufacture the structures they have designed, know its production capabilities, etc. Designers must take into account in their work the features of the installation process, the requirements arising from these features, and have information about the technical equipment organization that will mount the structures they design.

When carrying out emergency or planned work, it often becomes necessary to free the channel from the contents (usually liquid). For these purposes, the water supply is stopped or its flow in the canal is suspended. When the manipulations come to an end, the space is gradually filled again.

To ensure a reliable blocking of the passage of contents, it is recommended to use a shield shutter. It blocks the flow, due to which the liquid level begins to fall. As a result, the channel remains empty, available for service.

Modern shutters are characterized by reliability and optimal quality of materials, a sufficient period of use. Their production is carefully planned taking into account the established safety requirements for products of this type. The deep shield shutter is installed in the galleries of locks, mines, treatment facilities of water supply systems, chambers of gravity sewer networks, sewer tunnel collectors, in the receiving chambers of pumping sewer stations and other hydraulic structures.

TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF DEEP PANEL VALVES UP TO 10 M. W. ST

AxB = DN, mm
L





Weight, kg

The deep shield gate is indispensable if it is necessary to install regulating and shut-off products, for partial passage of the liquid contained in the channel. It makes it possible to block holes of various geometric shapes. Depth shutter is of two types:

shutter flat sliding;
wheel gate flat.

The sealing of these structures is carried out immediately on four sides: along two vertical guides, along the threshold, along the visor beam. They easily adapt to any building frequent. As for the design of deep installations, they can be produced with a bypass - a special bypass device that helps to equalize the water levels on both sides of the gate. The lifting of the latter is carried out in a non-pressure mode (the wire is selected taking into account the weight of the shield gate and possible friction in the supporting parts). The design of the shield gate adapts to any building part.

Shutter shield flat wheel

The flat depth gate is usually made from corrosion-resistant and structural steel grades.

The installation of the shutter mechanism has its own characteristics. So, first you need to check that the building structure fully complies with all the prepared drawings, on which the literacy and reliability of the planned installation work depends. If the slightest deviations are found, it is necessary to recalculate and adjust the existing schemes. It is important that valve assemblies supplied to the installation be free of sand, dirt, snow, ice, protective grease and paint.