How to ask questions about words. How to ask the right questions

Thanks to lessons 8 and 20, you are already familiar with question words and can ask questions in different tenses. Today's lesson is about how to ask questions about the subject.

Question words who and what

Subject - the main member of the sentence, indicating the person or thing that performs the action. When you ask a subject question, the question words Who and What are used. The word order with them remains exactly the same as in the positive sentence. And most importantly, no auxiliary verbs are used. For example:

Sam is talking to Katy. — Who is talking to Katy?

The accident happened yesterday. — What happened yesterday?

He can do it. — Who can do it?

The interrogative words Who and What are used when we ask a question for an object (answers questions of indirect cases). In this case, you will need auxiliary verbs:

Sam is talking to Katy. — Who is Sam talking to?

They bought a new car yesterday. — What did they buy?

He can do it. — What can he do?

Important! Pay attention to the use of prepositions in questions!

The words what and who agree with the singular verb, so don't forget to add the ending "s" to the predicate in the question to the subject, for example:

They speak Spanish. — Who speak s Spanish?

The question words which, whose, how many and how much

The interrogative words which, whose, how many and how much can also form a subject question. In this case, they must be used together with a noun:

The bedroom has two windows. — Which room has two windows?

Tom's dog is playing in the garden. — Whose dog is playing in the garden?

A lot of people live here. — How many people live here?

some money has been paid. — how much money has been paid?

If you use these interrogative words to ask a question for an object, you will need auxiliary verbs:

I will choose Room 7. — Which room will you choose?

Ruth is walking Tom's dog. — Whose dog is Ruth walking?

I asked a few people. — How many people did you ask?

I paid some money. — how much money did you pay?

Tasks for the lesson

Task 1. Ask a subject question using who, what, which, whose, how many, or how much.

1. These flowers look wonderful.
2. So many people call here every day.
3. My brother works in the Zoo.
4. Rachel is coming to see us.
5. Mum's bag is in the car.
6. Red house is the biggest.
7. Miss Morstan will go to Paris.
8. The flight has been delayed.

Task 2. Ask a question to the highlighted word.

The Russian language is on the list of the most difficult languages. It has several cases and tenses, a peculiar structure of sentences and many parts of speech that foreigners may find simply “magic”.

Back in elementary school, students go through the topic "Words that cannot be questioned." Consideration of this paragraph takes place in the second grade, when students study parts of speech.

Parts of speech of the Russian language:

1. Noun. It confirms answers to questions about the subject.

2. The name is an adjective. It is responsible for the qualitative component of the object, its properties.

3. Verb. He is responsible for the actions of objects.

4. Pronoun. This is such a part of speech that shows us objects, their number. But the name or name does not pronounce.

5. Numerals. They count objects, years.

All these parts of speech are independent, that is, you can ask a question to them, they do not depend on each other. These parts of speech form sentences. They may not be included in the sentence all together, but from each of them it is built.

In addition, in the Russian language there are a number of words (parts of speech) that cannot exist on their own. They do not "know how" to build sentences, but only supplement them. They give them a secondary color, for example, they express emotions or indicate the place or belonging of an object.

Words that cannot be questioned:

· Interjections.

· Prepositions.

· Particles.

Pretext- this is a particle of speech that is dependent (service). It connects words together in a sentence or phrase. Prepositions are not used on their own.

They can be simple, derivative and compound. Examples:

Simple prepositions: We went outside with my brother.

Compound prepositions: The mouse crawled out from under the floor.

Derived prepositions A: In the course of time, he came to the pier.

Union- a dependent part of speech that combines several sentences into one. As a rule, conjunctions are used in complex sentences.
Types of this service part of speech:

Composing and subordinating alliances: He was a very handsome boy, but his character was disgusting.

To them, as well as to a preposition, one cannot ask a specific question.

Particles- bring some coloring to sentences or serve for word formation. Particle types:

1) Formative non-independent parts of speech. They create new forms of words.

2) Negative particles.

3) Particles showing a state or sign.

4) Modal particles.

Examples: That's what my mother thought about when she sewed buttons on her coat.

Aren't you interested in the result?

No extra phrases needed.

Interjection- words or phrases that are necessary to express emotions, pointing to them, but not naming them.

Thanks to this part of speech, you can show any emotion in a sentence. For example, to show that a person is very surprised, but at the same time, without using the word surprise itself.

With the help of interjections, you can clearly indicate what a person is experiencing at the moment, it can be anger, pain, joy, confusion.

An important component communicative communication is ability to ask questions.

Questions are a way to get information and at the same time a way to switch the thoughts of the person with whom you are talking in the right direction (who asks questions controls the conversation).

By asking questions, we build a bridge into the unknown and the uncertain. And since uncertainty and uncertainty is a characteristic feature of the modern, rapidly changing world, the development of the ability to ask questions is very relevant.

“Sorry for the misunderstanding, I misunderstood you” is a phrase that can often be heard in a conversation between people. So, so that you do not have to pronounce it, learn how to ask questions correctly. The right question, allowing you to find out the intentions of the partner, helps to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. After all, sometimes, neglecting the opportunity to ask a question, or not asking it at the right time, we open the way to conjectures and conjectures, various speculative constructions, create the wrong impression of others, attributing to them non-existent qualities, advantages and disadvantages, which often leads to misunderstandings and conflicts. .

Whoever you are, a leader or an ordinary manager, a coach or a psychologist, in any sphere of life you will need the ability to ask questions correctly. In any conversation, whether business or personal, the right questions help:

• Show interest in the personality of the partner and interlocutor;
• Ensure “interpenetration”, that is, make your system of values ​​understandable to the interlocutor, while clarifying his system;
• Get information, express doubts, show your own position, show trust, be interested in what has been said, show indulgence and show that you are ready to give the conversation the necessary time;
• To intercept and keep the initiative in communication;
• Transfer the conversation to another topic;
• Move from the interlocutor's monologue to a dialogue with him.

To learn how to ask questions correctly, you need to pay attention to the correct construction of the internal dialogue and study the main types of questions in the external dialogue.

INTERNAL DIALOGUE(questions to oneself) organizes our own thinking and helps us formulate thoughts. The relevance and quality, the accuracy and the consistency of the questions that arise in our minds, to a large extent affect the effectiveness of most of the actions we take.

In order to organize an internal dialogue, one must understand that its purpose is to analyze any of the problems. A set of relevant questions will help to comprehensively analyze any problem (situation). There are two options for questions.

The first option is the seven classic questions:

What? Where? When? Who? How? Why? By what means?

These seven questions allow you to cover the entire problem situation and make its verbal-logical analysis.

The second option for analyzing the situation is a set of six questions:

• Facts - What are the facts and events relevant to the situation in question?
• Feelings - How do I generally feel about this situation? How are others supposed to feel?
• Desires - What do I really want? What do others want?
• Obstacles - What's stopping me? What hinders others?
• Time - What and when to do?
• Tools - What tools do I have to solve this problem? What resources do others have?

Use either of the two options when organizing an internal dialogue. When a problem arises, analyze the situation with the help of questions to yourself, bring your thoughts to clarity, and only then begin to act.

Importance and significance EXTERNAL DIALOGUE, consists in the right questions which is much better than a monotonous monologue. After all, the one who asks is the leader in the conversation. Also, with the help of questions, we show the interlocutor our interest in the conversation and in its deepening. By asking, we express to the person the desire to establish a good relationship with him. But all this happens when the conversation does not resemble and does not look like an interrogation.

Therefore, before starting a conversation or a business conversation, prepare a series of questions for the interlocutor, and ask them as soon as you move on to the business part of the conversation (in a normal conversation, as soon as you touch on the topic you need). So, you will provide yourself with a psychological advantage.

External dialogue questions can be posed in specific forms and can be of the following types:

Closed questions. The purpose of closed questions is to obtain an unequivocal answer (consent or refusal of the interlocutor), “yes” or “no”. Such questions are good only when it is necessary to clearly and clearly identify the presence of something in the present, past, and sometimes in the future (“Do you use this?”, “Did you use this?”, “Would you like to try?”), or attitude to something (“Did you like it?”, “Does it suit you?”), To understand how to proceed further. Closed questions (and yes or no answers to them) shift our efforts in a certain direction.

You should not immediately push a person by asking such questions to the final decision. Remember that it is easier to convince than to convince.

Another thing is when you deliberately ask a closed question, which is difficult to answer with a negative. For example, referring to generally recognized values ​​(Socrates often used a similar method): “Agree, life does not stand still?”, “Tell me, is quality and guarantees important to you?”. Why this is done: the more often a person agrees with us, the wider the zone of mutual understanding (this is one of ways to manipulate). And vice versa, if you can't pick up right question, and often hear "no" in response to leading questions, increases the likelihood of rejecting your offer as a whole. Therefore, achieve agreement in small things, do not start a conversation with contradictions, then it will be easier to achieve the desired result.

Open questions. They do not imply an unequivocal answer, they make a person think, they better reveal his attitude to your proposal. Open questions are a good way to get new, detailed information that is very difficult to get with closed questions. Therefore, in a conversation it is necessary to use open-ended questions more often, in their various variations.

Ask for facts that will help you understand the situation: “What is there?”, “How much?”, “How is it solved?”, “Who?” etc.

Find out the interests of your interlocutor and the conditions for their satisfaction.

Find out the attitude of your interlocutor to the situation under discussion: “What do you think about this?”, “How do you feel about this?”.

Suggest in the form of questions, a different (your) solution to the problem: “Can we do this ..?”, “Why don’t we pay attention to such and such an option ..?”, while arguing your proposal. This is much better than openly saying: "I suggest ...", "Let's do it this way ...", "I think ...".

Be interested in what the statement of your interlocutor is based on: “What do you proceed from?”, “Why exactly?”, “What is the reason for this?”.

Clarify everything that is unclear to you: “What (how) exactly?”, “What exactly ..?”, “Because of what?”.

Find out the unaccounted for points, both personal and business: “What did we forget?”, “What issue did we not discuss?”, “What is missing?”,

If there are doubts, specify their reasons: “What is stopping you?”, “What worries you (does not suit you)?”, “What is the reason for the doubts?”, “Why is this unrealistic?”.

Characteristic features of open questions:

• Activation of the interlocutor, such questions make him think about the answers and express them;
• The partner, at his own discretion, chooses what information and arguments to present to us;
• With an open question, we bring the interlocutor out of the state of restraint and isolation and eliminate possible barriers in communication;
• The partner becomes a source of information, ideas and suggestions.

Since, when answering open questions, the interlocutor has the opportunity to avoid a specific answer, divert the conversation or share only information that is beneficial to him, it is recommended to ask basic and secondary, clarifying and leading questions.

Main questions- are planned in advance, can be both open and closed.

Secondary or follow-up questions- spontaneous or planned, they are set to clarify the answers to the main questions that have already been given.

Clarifying questions require short and concise answers. They are asked in case of doubt to clarify the nuances. People are almost always willing to delve into the details and nuances of their affairs, so there is no problem here. Unless we ourselves often neglect to ask clarifying questions, while our interlocutors only expect this from us in order to make sure that we understand everything correctly. Don't be shy and don't forget to ask clarifying questions!

Suggestive questions these are questions that make a certain answer obvious in terms of content, i.e. formulated in such a way as to tell the person what he should say. It is recommended to ask leading questions when you are dealing with timid and indecisive people, to summarize the conversation, or if the interlocutor started talking and you need to return the conversation to the right (business) track, or if you need to confirm the correctness of your judgment (belief in the profitability of your offer) .

Leading questions sound extremely intrusive. They almost force the interlocutor to recognize the correctness of your judgments and agree with you. Therefore, they must be used with extreme caution.

In order to know how to ask the right questions, one must have an idea of ​​the various types of these questions. The use of questions of all kinds in business and personal conversations allows you to achieve various goals. Let's look at the main types of questions:

Rhetorical questions are set in order to evoke the desired reaction in people (enlist support, focus attention, point out unresolved problems) and do not require a direct answer. Such questions also enhance the character and feelings in the speaker's sentence, making the text richer and more emotional. Example: “When, finally, will people learn to understand each other?”, “Is it possible to consider what happened as a normal phenomenon?”.

Rhetorical questions should be formulated in such a way that they sound short and concise, relevant and understandable. Approval and understanding here is - silence in response.

provocative questions are set in order to cause a storm of emotions in the interlocutor (opponent), so that a person, in a fit of passion, gives out hidden information, blurts out something superfluous. Provocative questions are pure water manipulative influence but it is sometimes necessary for the good of the cause. Just do not forget, before asking such a question, calculate all the risks associated with it. After all, by asking provocative questions you are somewhat challenging.

Confusing Questions transfer attention to the area of ​​​​interest of the questioner, which lies away from the main direction of the conversation. Such questions are asked either unintentionally (if you are interested in the topic of conversation, you should not ask about things that have nothing to do with it) or deliberately because of the desire to solve some of your own problems, to direct the conversation in the direction you need. If, to your confusing question, the interlocutor suggests that you not be distracted from the topic under discussion, do so, but at the same time note that you want to consider and discuss the topic you have stated at another time.

Also, confusing questions are asked to simply get away from the topic of conversation, either because it is not interesting (if you value communication with this person, you should not do this), or it is inconvenient.

relay questions- are aimed at being ahead of the curve and require the ability to grasp the partner's remarks on the fly and provoke him to further reveal his position. For example: “Do you mean by this what? ..”.

Questions to demonstrate your knowledge. Their goal is to show off their own erudition and competence in front of other participants in the conversation, to earn the respect of a partner. This is some form of self-affirmation. When asking such questions, one must be really, and not superficially competent. Because you yourself may be asked to give a detailed answer to your own question.

mirror question contains part of the statement uttered by the interlocutor. It is set so that a person sees his statement from the other side, this helps to optimize the dialogue, give it genuine meaning and openness. For example, for the phrase " Don't ever give me this again!", the question follows -" Not instruct you? Is there anyone else who could do this just as well?»

The question "Why?" used in this case would cause a defensive reaction, in the form of excuses, excuses and the search for imaginary reasons, and could even end in accusations and lead to conflict. The mirror question gives a much better result.

Alternative question Asked in the form of an open question, but contains several answers. For example: “Why did you choose the profession of an engineer: did you consciously follow in the footsteps of your parents or decided to enter the campaign, together with a friend, or maybe you yourself don’t know why?”. Alternative questions are asked to activate a taciturn interlocutor.

The question that fills the silence. good right question you can fill an awkward pause that sometimes occurs in a conversation.

soothing questions have a noticeable calming effect in difficult situations. You should be familiar with them if you have small children. If they are upset about something, you can distract and calm them down by asking a few questions. This technique works immediately, because you have to answer questions, thereby being distracted. In the same way, you can calm an adult.

Assumes compliance with the following rules:

Brevity is the soul of wit. The question should be short, clear and to the point. This increases the likelihood of a response. When you start complex, lengthy discussions, go far from the topic, you can generally forget what exactly you wanted to ask. And your interlocutor, while you state your question for five minutes, puzzles over what exactly you want to ask him. And it may happen that the question remains unheard or misunderstood. If you really want to go from afar, let the explanation (prehistory) sound first, and then a clear and short question.

So that the interlocutor, after your questions, does not have the feeling that he is under interrogation, soften them by intonation. The tone of your question should not show that you are demanding an answer (of course, if this is not a situation where you have no other choice), it should sound casual. Sometimes it will be right to ask the person you are talking to, ask permission - "Can I ask you a few questions to clarify?"

The ability to ask questions is inextricably linked with the ability to listen to the interlocutor. People are very responsive to those who listen to them carefully. And they will treat your question with the same degree of care. It is also important not only to show your culture and interest, but also not to miss information that may serve as a pretext for clarifying questions or for correcting what has already been prepared.

Most people, for various reasons, are not ready to answer direct questions (someone has difficulty in presenting, and someone is afraid to convey incorrect information, some do not know the subject well enough, others are limited by personal or corporate ethics, the reason may be restraint or shyness, etc. . P.). In order for a person to give you an answer no matter what, you need to interest him, explain to him that answering your questions is in his interests.

Do not ask a question that begins with the words: “How could you…?” or “Why don’t you…?”. right question this is a request for information, but not as a hidden charge. When the situation requires expressing dissatisfaction with the actions of a partner, it is better to firmly but tactfully tell him about it in an affirmative form, and not in the form of a question.

So, knowing how to ask the right questions, you can get the (professional) information you need from the interlocutor, understand and get to know him better, find out his position and motives for actions, make relations with him more sincere and trusting (friendly), activate further cooperation, as well as discover weaknesses and give him the opportunity to understand what he is mistaken about. It is understandable why psychologists often talk about art, and not about ability to ask questions.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

Goals:

• learn to ask questions who? what? to words denoting objects;
• develop spelling vigilance, educational and intellectual skills (compare, establish similarities and differences, draw conclusions);
• cultivate a relationship of business cooperation, interest in the subject.

Equipment: turntables (Bazarny technology).

Organizing time

The lesson begins with a greeting and a psychological attitude to work.

Sad time! Oh charm!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me.
I love the magnificent nature of wilting,
Forests clad in crimson and gold.

What time is spoken about in an excerpt from A. S. Pushkin's poem?

- Correctly. And Autumn came to visit us at the lesson. She brought you each a bunch of autumn leaves. Until they shine with autumn colors, but you will dress them up. Answered the teacher's question, color the sheet. At the end of the lesson, let's see what bouquets you got. And to make them beautiful, for this you need to be active, attentive in the lesson.

Calligraphy

Guess the riddle:

Autumn has come to our garden
The red torch was lit.
Here thrushes, starlings scurry
And, noisily, they peck at him. (Rowan)

• Look at the words: mountain ash, mountain ash, mountain ash, mountain ash.
• What unites these words? (Same root, related)
• Find an extra word? (Rowan)
• Why?
• What is the first sound that is heard in the word rowan?
• Describe this sound.
• How is the R sound pronounced?
• What elements make up the letter R and R?
• Notebook entry: R p prr ra re rya mountain ash

vocabulary work

The words: b.reza, l.sitsa, za.ts, r.bina, s.b. aka. (on turntables)

• Read the words.
• What common?
• What groups can these words be divided into?
• What word can be superfluous and on what grounds?
• Write off. Identify the missing spelling.
• Mutual verification.

Fizminutka for the eyes

new material

1. Listen to the lines from A. Barto's poem:

Who, who
Does he live in this room?
Who, who
Does it rise with the sun?

• Choose the words that could serve as an answer to these questions.
  (Cat, aquarium, Masha, beam, ball)
• Prove your choice.
• It turns out that it is very important to be able to ask the right question.

This is what we will learn in the lesson.

2. Exercises in asking questions who? what? to words.

Write on the board: Who is it? What's this?

And the words “ran up” around the class. Collect the words that answer the questions who? what? and divide into columns. (Doll, spoon, fish, fallen, candle, bright, water, vase, ringing, strong, stomping, elephant, wolf, candy, crow, grandmother)

• How else to call the words distributed in columns.
• Write down words with one syllable and three syllables.

Conclusion: What do you need to know when asking questions about words?

3. Work with the textbook.

Exercise No. 57 (with commentary).

Anchoring

Fizminutka (to the music)

Golden foliage swirled
In the pinkish water of the pond
Like a light flock of butterflies
With fading flies to the star.

• Guys, we have leaf fall in our class. (Leaves with words)
• Words can not only be divided into animate - inanimate, but also combined into thematic groups.
• Organize words into thematic groups.

• What question is answered by the words of each group?
• Write down 4 words:
  1 option- words that answer the question what?
  Option 2- words that answer the question who?

Conclusion:

• What words answer the question who?
• Which words answer the question what?

Card work

• Read.
• What is it: a text or a set of sentences?
• Prove it.
  1 option write down words that answer the question who?
  Option 2 write down words that answer the question what?

Game "Magic Transformations"

The words: braid, poppy, drop, dream.

• What question would you like to ask these words?
• Replace 1 letter in the words so that these words answer the question who? (Goat, crayfish, heron, catfish)
• Write off.

Lesson summary

Solve the crossword puzzle (group work)

• What word came out?
• What words represent the subject?
• What do you need to know when asking who questions? what?
• Show off your autumn bouquets. They burn with different autumn colors. It means that you worked well, you had a good working mood.

1. Seventy clothes and all without fasteners.
2. Himself scarlet, sugar
   Green caftan, velvet.
3. Came without paints and without a brush
   And repainted all the leaves.
4. Walked, walked, and went to the ground.
   My name is waiting
   And when I come, they hide from me.
5. The girl is sitting in a dungeon, and the scythe is on the street.
6. housewife
   Flying over the lawn
   pat over a flower,
   He will share the honey.
7. Falling from a branch
   gold coins

The quality of the answer depends not only on who we ask the question to, but also on how we ask it. By asking the wrong question, you are almost guaranteed to get the wrong answer. The right questions significantly increase the chances of, advice, useful information. Let's try to figure out what needs to be done for this.

5 Asker Mistakes

1. Ask a question that already has an answer

Very often the questioner has his own version of the answer, and he wants to check it. In this case, it is important that the question does not contain indications of the "correct" answer. Examples of such questions are: “Do we need to take on this order?”, “I think it will hold up, do you think so too?”, “Do you agree that it will work?” and so on. When the question is directed from the boss to the subordinate, the probability of getting the desired answer increases many times over. If you really want to know the opinion of the interlocutor, and not just decided to share with him, do not let us understand that you are only waiting for his approval.

2. Ask a closed question

Closed questions are those that have a limited number of answers. Usually two or three. The most famous example is Shakespeare's "to be or not to be". If you are not Shakespeare, you should not drive the respondent into the framework. It is possible that there are many more possibilities beyond. A simple example: your boss loads you with extra work. "Agree or refuse?" - you ask a friend, thereby missing the option "Agree, but for an increase in salary."

3. Pretend to understand the answer, although it is not.

Not all answers are equally clear. An obscure answer is useless. If you are not sure that you understood the interlocutor, you should not hide this fact. Often managers are afraid to ask for clarifications, as this supposedly demonstrates their incompetence. Meanwhile, former GE CEO Jack Welch argues in his book Winning that executives should be the ones who ask the most questions and their questions should be the best.

4. Put pressure on the responder

"What the hell are you doing with the project?" “Are you even going to work?”, “What the hell are you showing me?” - in all these cases, the questioner will receive only . If your goal is to get the employee to admit guilt, then you are doing everything right. If the goal is to understand the problem, then pressure on the respondent will only hurt. Business consultant Michael Marquardt writes that when defensive, people tend to see themselves as part of the problem rather than as a source of possible solutions.

5. Ask a series of questions

This method is so good that it is used deliberately when they do not want to hear the answer. Just ask the interlocutor a lot of questions in a row, preferably interrupting him. And that's it. Him, and you will not receive an answer to any of the questions.

Asking the right questions eliminates the need to know all the answers.

Donald Peterson, Ford CEO (1985–1989)

5 good ideas for the right questions

1. Prepare

If you have a conversation where you will ask important questions, it makes sense to prepare in advance: determine the essence of the problem and the purpose of the conversation, sketch out a list of questions.

2. Formulate the question in one sentence

Business consultant Jeff Haden suggests using this technique to get rid of the "clues" in questions. Plus, short questions tend to be easier to understand. Trying to keep within one sentence, you yourself will better understand the essence of the problem.

3. Formulate several options for the question

In the process of preparation, it is advisable to choose several options for the same question. This will allow you to look at the problem from different angles. It can be useful to set the same one for different time intervals. For example, not “What can be done to increase sales?” But “What can be done to increase sales in the next month?”.

4. Start questions with the word "why"

Such questions are aimed at identifying the cause. "Why" softens directive questions very well. For example, instead of “You still haven’t submitted the project. What's happening?" it is better to ask “Why can’t I deliver the project on time?”. There is even a special technique for identifying hidden causes -.

5. Ask clarifying questions

Among the important questions, there are few that require a short, clear and single answer. Much more often, we are faced with problems that have many solutions, and the consequences are difficult to assess. Several consecutive questions, each of which develops and refines the previous one, allow you to get deeper and more useful answers. If a question becomes an occasion for dialogue, discussion, discussion, this is a good question.

For most people, asking questions is as natural as walking or eating. They don't think about whether it's good or bad for them. But if it depends on the correct answer, it makes sense to work on the quality of the questions. Do you use any special techniques to ask good questions?