What mushrooms, where they grow and when: from morel to greenfinch. A biologist advised mushroom places in the Moscow region: the map is attached When the mushrooms go in June

In 2019, mushrooms pleased with their harvest almost from spring. Autumn is approaching, which means that mushrooms will begin to grow with renewed vigor in the forests of the Moscow region. Let's find out what mushrooms you can pick in the Moscow region in the fall.

In August, the mushroom season traditionally begins in the Moscow Region, and lovers of "silent hunting" go to the forest. Noble mushrooms grow in the forests near Moscow - porcini, boletus and boletus, as well as chanterelles, russula, boletus, milk mushrooms, in autumn there are a lot of mushrooms. Experienced mushroom pickers know the most mushroom places and railway directions, where it is best to pick mushrooms. In our article, we will share their experience with you.

Mushrooms in the Moscow region in 2019, where to look and what

The top of the Moscow region for mushrooms, as a rule, is stingy. Usually, while the southerners carry full baskets out of the forest, the inhabitants of the north are content with rare specimens in their sacks.

A novice mushroom picker must know that the mushroom year begins in April and ends in the second half of October. Please note that each mushroom grows at a certain time, and not all the time. Therefore, if you are specifically targeting mushrooms or russula, then first you need to look at the calendar of mushrooms, specify the months when they grow.

• Mushroom calendar for April
  

April — the most difficult month for mushrooms, fixes the mushroom calendar. At such a time, there are still frosts very often, so not all mushrooms are able to survive frosts, snow and cold. Only the most resilient survive. Mushrooms appear around mid-April. You can find morels in the thick of the forest, exactly where the snow still lies. They grow in open areas where sunlight hits the most. But oak and pine forests will surely please you with cinder lines and omphalia.

• Mushroom calendar for May

May also does not particularly please mushroom pickers with an abundance of its gifts, according to the mushroom calendar. This is the month when mushrooms are just getting ready for their summer and bountiful season. But, if you try hard, then deep in the forest you can find morel caps and stocky lines. The end of May will please mushroom pickers more, since during this period there is a high probability of finding butterflies and chanterelles. Of course, the bulk of this type of mushroom will appear a little later, but if you are so impatient, then you have the opportunity to find such pioneer mushrooms.

• Mushroom calendar for June

In June, as the mushroom calendar says, there is a folk sign: If the strawberries have already turned red in the grass, and the mountain ash and viburnum have already covered with flowers, then you can safely go in search of russula. Finding them will not be difficult, as they are located in open places, and do not hide from anyone. In mid-June, you can safely go to the collection of boletus, butter and mossiness mushrooms. The end of the month will generously please you with strong men, mushrooms and loaders.

• Mushroom calendar for July

July, as the mushroom calendar records, is one of the least successful months for a mushroom picker. There is little rain during this period, and the scorching sun simply does not allow mushrooms to grow and develop normally. Therefore, during this period, you should not hope for a special harvest of mushrooms. But, nevertheless, if rainy weather has set in, then you can safely go to the forest in search of boletus, boletus and oil, according to the mushroom calendar.

• Mushroom calendar for August

August is one of the most favorable months for mushroom pickers, according to the mushroom calendar. The heat subsides, the night mists become more frequent, and the dew becomes more abundant. In the forests you can find a huge amount of oil. Also, you will definitely be lucky to see autumn mushrooms and Polish mushrooms. Mushroom mushrooms are a real gift for a mushroom picker who went to the forest in August.

• Mushroom calendar for September, October
  

September and October are cold months, in which it is already difficult to find a large number of mushrooms, but still worth trying. The mushroom calendar notes that if you show perseverance and perseverance, you can please yourself with russula, goats and greenfinches.

Mushrooms in the Moscow region in 2019, the rules for safe quiet hunting

Experienced mushroom pickers know that quiet hunting is not as easy as it might seem. "Wrong" mushrooms can be not only not tasty and cause poisoning, but also death. So that your efforts do not become harmful to you, you should simply follow simple safety rules.

Important mushroom picker rules:

• Do not try unfamiliar mushrooms. Neither raw, nor after boiling. Not all types of poisons that may be in the mushroom break down when cooked.
• Do not pick old, overripe mushrooms. They can already be poisoned.
• Don't pick mushrooms while they are tiny. At this size, an edible mushroom can be confused with a poisonous one.
• Do not pick mushrooms that are covered in mold.
• Do not pick mushrooms along highways and near industrial plants.
• Do not rely solely on the description in the book to identify an unfamiliar mushroom.
• Children under 5 years old and people with diseases of the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract are not recommended to eat forest mushrooms.
• Clothing for a walk in the forest should be comfortable, made of dense fabric. Ticks can be found in the forest, so it is advisable to wear a hat or scarf, and when leaving the forest, carefully inspect open areas of the body, especially the neck and head, as well as outer clothing on which ticks can sit.
• If you combine mushroom picking with a picnic in the woods, wash your hands thoroughly before eating, especially if you have previously held species unfamiliar to you.
• And try to treat the forest and all living things in it with respect. Also to inedible and poisonous mushrooms that you meet.

I believe that everyone knows that mushrooms appear in our forests by no means from a floundering bay, but according to a very clear schedule, which depends primarily on how quickly the mycelium accumulates the resources necessary for the formation of a fruiting body, as well as on under what external conditions it is "adapted".

It is in connection with these circumstances that there are mushrooms in spring, early summer, just summer and late summer, as well as autumn and even winter mushrooms. And the "first wave" of each mushroom, as a rule, is timed to a certain date. In this article, I intend to talk about when mushrooms grow, while briefly describing each mushroom and indicating the timing of its appearance and “disappearance” in our forests. And at the very end of the review there will be a useful bonus - mushroom calendar.

Morels

Many gourmets recognize morels in terms of their taste second only to truffles. Nevertheless, by the time of appearance in the forests, they should be considered unconditionally the first. In good years, the fruiting bodies of morels appear already in April - delighting the zealous mushroom picker with this. Which, despite the furious ticks at that time, has already “sharpened its skis” into the forest - as soon as the snow melted there and it became more or less warmer.

It turns out that there are several types of these wonderful mushrooms, and they all differ slightly in terms of appearance in the forests. Let's consider each morel in more detail.

Of all morels, it stands out by the largest size, as well as by its mass character. In the baskets of spring mushroom pickers, it makes up the lion's share of the entire harvest.

Edible morel grows on nutrient-rich calcareous soils, tending to well-lit places, therefore it prefers light forests - birch, aspen, elm forests, oak forests, poplar groves and pine forests. He does not avoid mixed forests either. In terms of relief, it likes lowlands and floodplains, as well as southern mountain slopes. Usually edible morels come across where in the forest there are clearings, clearings and gaps among the trees, in cluttered places, on old burned areas. Morels are also found in cities - there they grow in a forested area, as well as in front gardens. Some gardeners can tell you stories about how morels were found right in the garden (in places where fruit trees and shrubs grow), I will say this - there is some truth in these stories.

Appears in our forests approximately in the beginning of May, growth peak - mid-end of this month, continues to eject fruiting bodies until June, and then (approximately in the middle of the month) completely disappears. In abnormally warm seasons - when autumn drags on and is dry and sunny - it can also appear in October.

The earliest of the morels.

Already starting to bear fruit in the middle of April, but not as numerous as its previous counterpart. Disappears from forests at the end of May, less often At the beginning of June.

It grows in coniferous and mixed forests, preferring moist grassy places, especially often found in marshy lowlands and floodplains. Also loves cluttered places. It is noticed that the fungus seems to form mycorrhiza with ash. Unlike the edible morel, it prefers sandy soils.

Morel tall

Outwardly, this mushroom actually corresponds to the previous one, differing from it only in a darker color of the cap (and even then not always) and a slightly higher height. In terms of appearance in the forests, it also fully corresponds to its fellow.

Usually - mid April - May less fruitful until June.

Growing conditions are almost the same as for the previous morel. Except that the tall morel is periodically found in gardens and orchards. Well, it still comes across much less frequently.

Before preparing morels, boil in salted water for at least 15 minutes with the obligatory subsequent throwing out of the broth. This is necessary in order to neutralize the toxins present in fresh morels. And do not try to neglect this rule - poison yourself in such a way that it will not seem enough!

Stitches

And now the most controversial of spring mushrooms will go. Their inconsistency lies in the fact that in Russia, lines from time immemorial have been devoured by both cheeks, and in the West they are poisoned, including with a fatal outcome.

It's all about the intermittent concentration of a special toxin that is contained in the lines. Usually it is such that one or two decoctions are enough to neutralize the poison. However, sometimes the content of this poison goes off scale, and no decoctions help. They say that six months of drying allows you to completely get rid of the toxin, but scientists warn - and here it all depends on how much poison has accumulated in the fruiting body of the fungus.

That is, if it turns out to be in order in the mushroom, no drying-boiling will save you from terrible poisoning.

In addition to everything, in different people the body tolerates string toxin in different ways. Some even don’t give a damn about it - there are cases when especially crazy mushroom pickers ate armfuls of lines raw, and - “at least henna”. But other, more unpleasant statistics are also known - when even a fully processed mushroom with a meager concentration of toxin caused serious poisoning in the eater.

To collect or not to collect lines? This is a voluntary matter of every mushroom picker, but - at his own risk.

Nevertheless, we will still consider these spring mushrooms.

It is noticed that this fungus prefers coniferous forests to deciduous ones. He likes old burnt areas and clearings, as well as sandy soils.

bears fruit late April - early May, and so - almost until June.

The largest of the lines. It differs from the previous one in a lighter color of the “hat”. Appears in birch forests and mixed (but always with birch) forests in late April-early May.

bears fruit until the end of May, less often before the beginning of June.

It grows in well-warmed places - edges, clearings, etc. Like all lines, it feeds on decaying wood dust.

And here we come to the summer mushrooms. The first on the list are russula - as the earliest mass. It's funny, but some mushroom pickers do not collect them, considering this a frivolous occupation. But in vain, because in terms of their taste they are very good (and some species are even considered a delicacy) and have useful properties. However, some of the russulas are quite pungent when fresh (as a rule, they are characterized by a defiant bright red color), and the bitterness can irritate the mucous membranes, which can easily cause symptoms of poisoning. But there are a number of types of edible russula (their distinguishing feature is not bitter and not burning, often tasting flesh), and listing them all - one article is definitely not enough.

Different types of bruises have different periods of appearance. There are among them early summer, there are late summer, there are also autumn ones. There are also russula that bear fruit throughout the warm season.

Therefore, we can safely say that these mushrooms appear in our forests for about from mid June, but only disappear mid October.

And where they grow - it all depends on the specific species. But in principle, in any forest you can find some kind of edible russula.

Oilers

Another numerous genus of mushrooms, combining about four dozen different species. A couple of them (dozens) definitely grow on the territory of our country.

Butter mushrooms, along with russula, are one of the earliest summer mushrooms, moreover, they are known for the fact that they begin to appear together. Their only drawback is increased worminess (up to eight mushrooms per ten), but there's nothing to be done, because the taste of butter has always been at its best.

They grow in different forests, but tend to be more coniferous. Especially a lot of oil occurs in young pine forest plantations well warmed up by the sun. The collection of these mushrooms is best done with cloth gloves, otherwise the hands will be stained with mushroom "snot" and dirt adhering to them.

Butterflies are starting to grow from mid June, and continue to appear almost until October. The peak of their fruiting falls on Aug. Sept.

obabki

Despite the fact that boletus is usually called boletus, that is, mushrooms with brown caps, in science it is a whole genus of mushrooms, which includes not only brown boletus, but also all kinds of red-headed boletus. And, most interestingly, there are several types of both. However, the average mushroom picker never bothered about their diversity, and distinguishes these mushrooms only by the color of their caps. Well, and by the fact that some of them are found under birches, and some under aspens.

boletus

Since these mushrooms have been called butterflies from time immemorial, we will begin our review of this group with them.

Common boletus

Captured (in all its glory) in the photo above, which headlines the section of the bugs. It is found, of course, in birch forests, or mixed, but always with an admixture of birch. It can also grow in the tundra - among dwarf birch trees, and often stands taller than the latter, which is why among the tundra inhabitants it is jokingly called "overbirch".

Black boletus

It is very similar to the previous species, in fact - its complete double, differs only in a slightly darker color. But as a distinguishing feature, it is better not to use it, because both boletus are prone to variations in the color of their hats in the dark or light side. Usually mushroom pickers do not distinguish between them at all.

It does not bear fruit for as long as an ordinary boletus, usually with July to September. In October, it is hardly possible to find it.

And there is one. It has the lightest color of all boletus, and sometimes it is completely snow-white. It differs from its previous counterparts in that it tends to damp, wetlands.

White boletus grows from July to the end of September.

Aspen mushrooms

They differ from boletus in that they form mycorrhiza with aspen. Well, a brighter hat color.

Boletus yellow-brown

Probably the most common boletus (and the most beautiful). Despite its name, it comes across not only under aspens, but also under birches, and sometimes in other deciduous forests.

bears fruit from the beginning of June to September, in warm autumn it happens to come across and in October.

But this fungus is absolutely indifferent under which tree to grow. The only "requirement" is that it, this tree, be deciduous. But most often it is found in those forests where aspen grows.

bears fruit June to October. Massively appears in three "waves": at the end of June, in the middle of July, as well as in the second half of August - the first half of September.

Boletus white

It turns out that among the redheads there is also a light (up to complete whiteness) variety, which, interestingly, is sometimes ranked among the real porcini mushrooms (unlike the recently considered white boletus). Perhaps this is facilitated by the excellent taste characteristics of white boletus.

It's funny, but this fungus avoids deciduous forests, preferring to grow among pines and spruces. I have never come across it, although they say that this mushroom is periodically met in the Urals.

collection time - June to September.

They are very similar to butter, but differ from the latter in a dry velvety hat. In terms of taste, mushrooms are very good, but for some reason some mushroom pickers do not collect them, considering them mediocre.

bear fruit from mid June to September.

Umbrellas

A very interesting group of mushrooms, among which there are both edible - with very high taste qualities, and frankly poisonous species. Unfortunately, due to the strong external similarity, only seasoned mushroom pickers can distinguish good umbrellas from bad ones. For novice mushroom pickers, I strongly do not recommend contacting umbrellas - until the proper knowledge and experience appear.

The most recognizable of the edible umbrellas is umbrella motley(shown in the photo above) Grows in open places - meadows, pastures, forest edges. It is distinguished by a darkish cap covered with variegated scales, and also by the fact that its flesh does not change color when pressed or cut.

Grow start from mid June, appearing in whole groups, and continue to appear until the first half of October.

Chanterelles

One of the few mushrooms that has a very pleasant quality - the complete absence of worms. But in terms of its taste, it is an amateur, although it is very useful for the body, especially as a good natural anthelmintic.

It grows mainly in birch forests (no matter what anyone says, but I have never seen it in other places), according to some reports, it can form mycorrhiza with other trees.

For villagers, this mushroom is a good hack. They love to assemble it in whole bodies, and then sell it to the city at a very inflated price. They don't eat it themselves, they say it's tasteless.

Chanterelles bear fruit approximately end of june to september, however, their mass output is in the first half of July.

bittersweet

I confess that I have seen a lot of these mushrooms in my lifetime, but I have never collected them, and even more so, I have never cooked them. So it happened with us in the Urals - alas, but bittersweet are considered the most grebes. In general, this mushroom is considered second-rate even among its admirers. That is, if they take it, then only when there is nothing more to collect.

Western mushroom pickers are in solidarity with us in this respect, and consider the bitter gourd to be generally inedible. However, according to experts, it is quite possible to eat them in a salted or pickled form. But first it must be soaked.

Grow bitters in coniferous and deciduous forests, and I'll tell you this - sometimes they are there visibly-invisibly (since no one collects).

These mushrooms bear fruit from the end of June to October.

I almost forgot! One unpleasant feature was found behind the bitters - they accumulate radionuclides very well. So, if you live in the protective zone of Chernobyl, or somewhere near Chelyabinsk, it is better to refrain from collecting these mushrooms.

Known to many (most - in stores) mushrooms. They love fertile soil rich in organic matter (manure, rotted plant residues, etc.). In total, there are several types of these mushrooms, of which a couple are inedible, and a couple more are poisonous.

They are usually collected in meadows, as well as in gardens and parks. Some species are grown industrially and sold on an equally industrial scale.

Edible champignons grow end of june to september.

White

Briefly, we can say the following about them. Ceps grow in different forests, both coniferous and deciduous, but dry, well-warmed birch forests are the most prolific in this respect, preferably with sandy soil.

Begin to bear fruit at the very end of June, but the most massive appearance of fruiting bodies is observed in July- closer to August. September- the latest time when you can pick porcini mushrooms, in October they disappear.

Volnushki

They are pink waves. They are found in birch and mixed (with an admixture of birch) forests, while preferring places with old trees. They are especially revered by mushroom pickers for their amazing (salted and pickled) taste, despite the conditional edibility (according to some reports, the mushrooms are even slightly toxic) and tangible fresh causticity. To get rid of it, the mushrooms are especially carefully soaked and boiled.

The first waves still appear at the end of June, but the most massive fruiting of these mushrooms is observed twice during the summer - closer to august and in early September.

Gobies

Mushroom-goby, he is valui. In fact, this is the most ordinary russula, though with its “original” taste and smell features that do not allow it to be consumed fresh. Usually, these mushrooms are harvested while still young - with a hat that has not fully opened, and salted - after preliminary soaking or boiling (otherwise it will be impossible to eat). However, a properly prepared valui will put other salted mushrooms into the belt - this is what gourmets who know a lot about it say. But abroad, this mushroom is considered inedible. Well, in vain.

The goby grows in our forests everywhere, preferring both coniferous and deciduous. It has been noticed that most of these mushrooms are found in birch forests or mixed forests with an admixture of birch.

bears fruit from the beginning of July to the end of September.

Milk mushrooms

A rather extensive group of mushrooms, which include not only real milk mushrooms from the Milky genus (that is, those in which milky juice stands out on the cut), but also a couple of representatives of the Russula genus (for example, a dry mushroom, by the way, it is shown in the photo above).

All of them grow in different forests, but they prefer those in which there is a birch (it seems like the most delicious milk mushrooms are found there).

real breast

He is also a raw bastard. The "King of Mushrooms", the hero of Russian folk tales, has been revered and respected by the people since ancient times. To this day, it is considered the best mushroom for pickling. And perhaps no epithets are enough to describe the taste of salted mushrooms.

Found in birch or mixed with birch forests. Usually found in large groups. Very recognizable by the slightly pubescent edge of the cap (somewhat reminiscent of a giant whitefish).

growing July to September, most massively in August.

He is also a white loader. Being the most real russula, it does not have caustic milky juice, and therefore it can be cooked without preliminary soaking-boiling. For this quality, we are no less revered by mushroom pickers than a true mushroom. Dry milk mushroom is also good in salting, although it can be stewed in sour cream, boiled mycelium from it, or fried.

It forms mycorrhiza not only with birch, but also with other (including coniferous) trees, therefore it is found in various forests. Likes clearings and edges.

growing July to October, massively in September.

yellow mushroom

It has a slightly yellowish color on the upper part of the cap - with slight variations in the light or dark side. It can be considered a kind of real milk mushroom, because in terms of taste it is actually not inferior to it. Also revered in our country and in Eastern Europe. But Western Europe clearly underestimated its merits, where the yellow mushroom is considered inedible and almost poisonous.

Unlike the real mushroom, it gravitates more to coniferous than to deciduous trees. Often found under fir trees, less often in pine forests. Even less often it can be found in a birch forest.

growing July to October, massively late summer-early autumn.

black mushroom

He's a pig. A very good mushroom in terms of taste, but for some reason some mushroom pickers neglect it. Suitable not only for salting, but also for stewing or frying - with mandatory pre-soaking or boiling.

Also, like most mushrooms, it breathes unevenly towards birch, therefore it is found in light birch forests and forests mixed with an admixture of birch, preferring edges, clearings and other places well warmed by the sun.

bears fruit July to October, but the most intense in August-September.

He is also a bluish bastard. It is named so for the fact that on the cut it quickly changes color - from light yellow to purple. Outwardly, it looks like a yellow breast, but the color is more intense.

In terms of taste, it is almost on the same level as a real mushroom, and some gourmets consider it the best mushroom at all. Used exclusively for pickles.

Already from the name it is clear that this mushroom is found mainly in spruce forests, although it is often collected in mixed forests.

Grow starts from the end of August. Fruits the whole September until early October.

Belyanki

From whites, we will begin to consider those mushrooms that appear closer to autumn.

Whites grow (they are also white waves) in birch forests and mixed coniferous-birch forests, often come across in large groups. They like to hide in the grass and under the foliage.

Good in salting, though not as tasty as true waves. The pungent taste is eliminated by prolonged soaking and boiling.

They do not bear fruit for as long as other mushrooms - approximately mid-August to mid-September, however, appear quite massively.

Mushrooms are rightfully considered the best autumn mushrooms. Firstly, for its mass character, and secondly, for its excellent taste (even in Latin, camelina is called “delicious milkweed”). These mushrooms are especially good in salted form.

There are three varieties - this is the real camelina known to everyone (in the photo - he is), red camelina and spruce camelina. All of them are very similar to each other and differ slightly in appearance. They prefer to grow in coniferous (pine or spruce) forests, especially young forest plantations.

Ryzhiki begin to appear about from mid August and continue until the very end of September. However, from time to time they can please the mushroom picker with a short wave at the beginning of July.

Mushrooms usually grow from the end of August to the end of October- three layers, but can give a wave and at the beginning of July- under favorable conditions.

There is one kind of honey agaric (although it has nothing to do with real mushrooms) that can grow at low temperatures. This is the so-called honey agaric winter. You can meet him on the trees from autumn to spring. In warm, mild winters, it bears fruit all season, but usually appears during thaws. Only experienced mushroom pickers collect it, because this honey agaric has false poisonous "twins" that are very similar to it. Abroad, it is cultivated as oyster mushrooms and champignons, where it is known under the Japanese name " enokitake". The cultural form of winter honey fungus is very different from the natural one - it has a white color, as well as thin, elongated legs and small hats.

Zelenushki

The latest mushrooms on our list. Grow in coniferous forests, or mixed, especially preferring dry pine forests with sandy or sandy loam soil. They are distinguished by good taste, they do not require any processing before cooking, except for thorough washing, because almost all collected greenfinches are always in the ground and sand.

Some gourmets consider these mushrooms to be especially tasty, but there was a little ambush here: all greenfinches, without exception, contain a small amount of toxins. If you eat them in small and moderate amounts with good breaks, the body (healthy) will cope with these toxins with a bang. However, if you get carried away with greenfinches, you can get serious poisoning.

Appear in early September and bear fruit until the first frost (in the south - to November, to the north - until the end of October). They often grow from under the first snow, so they are sometimes called "winter mushrooms".

mushroom calendar

And here is the mushroom calendar promised at the very beginning of this article. We summarize all of the above in the table below.

Note: the numbers under the abbreviated names of the months indicate their decades. The orange stripes show the fruiting time of the fungus, and the yellow color shows when it occurs in large numbers.

Picking mushrooms is not only an interesting hobby, but also a great opportunity to diversify your own diet. If, of course, to approach the issue seriously. For mushrooms are such a thing that they do not forgive a frivolous attitude - among them there are many good and simply inedible species.

And even if you clearly know all these differences and carry out differential diagnostics on the fly, it’s not a fact that your outing into nature will be successful, because you still need to know - when to pick mushrooms and also where and how to do it correctly. And this is what our article will be about.

When to pick mushrooms?

Actually, the main question. Unfortunately, the answer to it is rather approximate, as it depends on many factors, in particular, the geographical location of the “quiet hunting” zone. So the time periods we have given will only give you a rough idea of ​​how when to pick mushrooms. And everything else will have to learn from personal experience.

December January February

Winter is not the best time to pick mushrooms. Nevertheless, if it turns out to be warm and with little snow, then mushroom pickers have a chance to find oyster mushrooms. And let it be a mushroom, even if it tastes watery and not very nutritious, but the very fact that something edible can be found in a partially frozen winter forest is quite pleasant. Closer to spring, other tree mushrooms begin to appear - among which you can also find edible specimens.

March April May

The number of oyster mushrooms gradually decreases, but the first normal mushrooms begin to appear. True, these are morels, stitches and raincoats ... The third and fourth categories, but at least something. In May, meadow mushrooms already appear, if the weather favors it. That is, yes, it is too early to look for mushrooms in the forest, but they are already beginning to slowly appear in the fields. Even butterflies can already be found.

June

The beginning of the appearance of white mushrooms. As well as the active growth of boletus, boletus, chanterelles, oil, russula and champignons. It makes sense to go to the forests and collect mushrooms there, especially in birch, oak and coniferous. And yes, the appearance of mushrooms of the first and second categories is exactly what every self-respecting mushroom picker is waiting for.

July

Everything is the same as in June, plus milk mushrooms. Yes, July is the best time to pick agaric mushrooms. But you need to be extremely careful, because it is the agaric mushrooms that are easiest to confuse with something bad.

August

The peak of mushroom picking in general. All categories are actively growing, you can find something you need both in the forests and in the fields. There are both tubular and agaric mushrooms, and in large quantities. Govorushki, autumn mushrooms appear, at the peak of growth milk mushrooms, russula, champignons, mushrooms of the first and second categories. Damn it, a couple of days ago, while walking by the lake in the park, I accidentally stepped on a mushroom. And if you purposefully look for them and collect mushrooms, then you certainly won’t return home with empty baskets.

September

Peak of autumn mushrooms. Boletus, boletus, ceps, late russula, autumn mushrooms, flywheels, last chanterelles, morels. All in large quantities, except that because of the beginning of leaf fall, it becomes more difficult to find them. So if at least one mushroom is found, you need to carefully check the area around.

October

White mushrooms are still active and numerous, as are champignons, valui, talkers, and autumn mushrooms. Appear. In general, the number of mushrooms is on the decline, so you can only find them near trees and stumps, and even then not always. Most mushroom pickers close their activities in October.

November

The last porcini mushrooms in pine forests, oyster mushrooms begin to appear on old trees, in some places you can still find butterflies. In general, this is no longer the season for picking mushrooms. Unless, of course, the end of autumn is not too cold, then mushrooms can be harvested a little longer.

Where to collect mushrooms?

First of all, you need to remember that mushrooms are highly hygroscopic. That is, they pull into themselves everything that they can capture. And these are salts of heavy metals, and various harmful substances contained in smoke, gasoline and other technical liquids and gases. Radiation is also well accumulated. Therefore, by no means collect mushrooms along roads or in industrially active regions. Even champignons collected in a city park can become a source of all sorts of filth.

You also need to remember that some mushrooms grow exclusively on a suitable substrate - wood. Of course, among them there are many inedible ones, but they are also sometimes found. In addition, it is the tree-growing mushrooms that tolerate frosts much better; therefore, they also grow in cold weather conditions, when all other species have already frozen.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that mushroom mycelium very often enters into symbiosis with a woody root system. This is precisely what explains the fact that boletus grows in aspen groves, boletus grows in birch forests, and whites, entering into symbiosis with various types of trees, have a large species diversity. So before going to the forest, think about what kind of mushrooms can theoretically grow there. More specifically, we will also write about this.

As for specific mushroom places ... Here, alas, we cannot help you with anything. You will have to look for this on your own, passing more than one kilometer of rough terrain. The main thing - remember, and even better - put on the map, the place where you were lucky. And if you pick mushrooms the way you should, then there is a high chance that this place will delight you next year.

Mushrooms grow everywhere: in forests and meadows, in gardens and parks, under hedges and bushes. They can be found at the very border of the forest, high in the mountains and in the lowlands, in river valleys. They follow man to cities and industrial centers, settling in tiny green areas in the middle of city streets and squares, on garbage heaps or factory areas, penetrating even into mountain mines. In the first post-war years, in the bombed-out German cities, the population collected morels, which spread in huge colonies among the ruins. Many flower lovers had to be surprised to find a tiny russula or umbrella mushroom in the ground of their home plant. In greenhouses and greenhouses, mushrooms simply become a scourge. In the damp cellars of old buildings, mushrooms cause great damage, destroying wooden beams.

When the cold and damp summer ends, the harvest is especially good! In the illustration: real field of whites!

The list of places where mushrooms are found is endless. As for the season, after all, it is not limited to autumn, as many amateurs believe. Of course, the diversity of species at other times of the year is not so great, but still the mushroom year begins on January 1 and ends on December 31.

Delicious mushrooms grow in Europe even in winter. And in spring, in good years, the number of mushrooms is already so large that, in principle, they are enough for all four seasons. At the end of May, there are fewer mushrooms, and the summer months are often not so plentiful. The end of summer and autumn is the main season for mushrooms, when the number of their species and types becomes almost limitless. Late autumn also brings a good harvest. Thus, the annual circle is completed, and with the onset of the first days of winter (if it is mild), you can again go for winter mushrooms.

Thus, the question of mushroom deposits and seasons can be specified: when, where and what kind of mushrooms grow.

When mushrooms grow

Weather conditions are decisive for the formation of the fruiting body, and not those that are observed at the moment, but those that were observed before. After a long snowy winter or after a very dry summer, mushrooms do not appear at the same time as after a mild winter or a wet summer. The growth of mushrooms - both in terms of period and in terms of their number - is decisively influenced by factors such as humidity and temperature. But in principle, those years when the amount of precipitation exceeds the average norms are more beneficial for mushrooms than dry ones.

The results of ten years of observations on the lower Rhine middle terrace showed that the first morels may grow here around March 12, but also around May 9. So the difference is about eight weeks! Morels live for about a month, and then all their splendor disappears.

Winter

Fruiting bodies of some fungi (for example, perennial tinder fungi) can be found on tree trunks at any time of the year. But among them there are those that, just in winter, form their fruiting bodies on dead deciduous trunks and settle in large colonies. However, all mushrooms of this kind are unsuitable for food.

Among the mushroom pickers there are those who cannot overcome their passion even in the cold season! They go around their lands, find the remains of some mushrooms and mark these places for the next season. They find on old stumps, for example, the brown spongy shells of puffballs that have thrown out their spores, or some barren legs. In the cold forest, you can often see the mummified fruiting bodies of blackening russula. Of course, all these mushrooms that come across in the way of an inquisitive person have long been inedible. But there are two excellent mushrooms that can seduce anyone: it is oyster mushroom (oyster mushroom) and winter honey agaric. In Europe, their fruiting bodies form from late autumn to spring, unless, of course, the weather is very cold.

oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) feels at home in any deciduous forest. With a special desire, she settles on dead dead trees. In the cracks of old trunks - mostly beech - oyster mushrooms sometimes grow in tight colonies at a height of a meter, and a single such trunk can provide us with fresh mushrooms for several weeks outside the mushroom season. Oyster mushrooms are most often found on poplars, willows and larches. Probably, the number of these mushrooms near those farms where they are bred as "vegetable veal" is constantly increasing with the assistance of the wind.

The remains of a giant raincoat show the mushroom picker where to go for prey next year

And here is the winter honey agaric (Flammulina velutipes) everywhere prefers soft wood - willow and poplar. It is an excellent edible mushroom; by the way, people call it a winter mushroom and in many areas they are harvested with great pleasure. True, it can be confused with the poisonous (!) Sulfur-yellow false-opening, since it also forms its fruiting bodies in winter, if it is warm enough. The brick-red false honey agaric and the gray lamellar false honey agaric do the same. The first of these is tasteless, and the second is an excellent edible mushroom (it settles only on the stumps of coniferous trees. The table on page 40 shows mushrooms growing in winter.

Spring

The first peak of the European mushroom year is the months of March, April and May (see tables). The snow cover has not yet melted, and in the forests located on the hills, the fruiting bodies of the March hygrophore are already appearing. At this time, there are no edible and tasty mushrooms on the plains yet.

A widespread spring mushroom, growing mainly in pine forests on sandy soil or on the remains of deciduous wood, is the spring morel. It used to be sold as an excellent edible mushroom, but now it has been proven that even when properly processed, it can be deadly. Spring morel has long been crossed out from the list of edible mushrooms.

In spring, the beech forests are full of flowering plants.

On rotten wood, deer mushroom (deer whip) appears in spring, known for its high taste. At the same time of the year, you can find morels, saucers, first rows, melanoleuks, entoloms. Form their first fruiting bodies and dung beetles (it should be remembered that they are poisonous in combination with alcohol). From afar, huge sulfur-yellow and scaly tinder fungi can be seen on the trees. May mushroom is believed to appear on the day of St. George, and its second name is George mushroom. Next to it, in the same places, Patuillard fiber grows - one of the most poisonous mushrooms in Europe. Those who are lucky can already harvest the first crop of champignons in the spring (the main thing is not to confuse them with spring fly agaric).

Mushrooms that appear in spring are divided into two groups: some form their fruiting bodies exclusively at this time of the year, others are found in forests and meadows for a long time, until autumn.

Summer

If the weather is humid and warm, then at the end of May, the first wave of bolets, mossiness mushrooms, and russula come. But if the summer is dry, then mushroom pickers usually return from their trips disappointed, with empty baskets. Most often this happens, since June, July and August are hot, and there is little rainfall. The forest soil dries up, and very few mushrooms appear even on tree trunks.

In cool and humid floodplain forests, mushrooms can also be found in hot summers.

But when the summer turned out to be rainy, then even in hot weather the variety of species is so rich that it is simply impossible to list them.

All types of mushrooms that can be found under favorable conditions in the forest in summer form their fruiting bodies until autumn.

The table presents only some of the most notable mushroom species found in summer. In addition, in the summer you can find the last of the spring mushrooms, under appropriate circumstances - autumn mushrooms, as well as those that form their fruiting bodies all year round.

Autumn

And now comes the peak season! More and more dew falls at night, the soil is evenly moistened, and the mushrooms begin to really grow “like mushrooms from the ground”!

The richness of species and the number of specimens overlap all other seasons. In the autumn weeks, nature lovers go not to look, but actually to pick mushrooms. During study walks, collective hikes, hundreds of different species are sometimes found. Specialists simply do not have enough time to identify all possible variations and types. And the main representative of the autumn stream, which settles in masses in forests and thickets, the most popular and widespread mushroom should be specially named, because its time has come: it is honey agaric. There is no mushroom that would be harvested in such large quantities!

It is simply impossible to compile even a not very detailed table of mushrooms growing in autumn: it would take dozens of pages.

In late autumn, the beech forest shows all the splendor of its colors, and just at this time there are especially many mushrooms.

Late fall

When in October and November the fogs do not dissipate even during the day, and the temperature at night is already approaching zero degrees, the last generation of mushrooms of the year appears in the forests, on lawns, on pastures - a number of varieties and species typical for this season. Among them, there are also edible, excellent-tasting mushrooms.

In addition, in late autumn, both oyster mushroom (oyster mushroom) and winter honey agaric (winter mushroom) described above are already found.

The most necessary things for every mushroom picker are a mushroom picker's calendar and a mushroom guide. By checking the mushroom calendar, you can easily understand which mushrooms to pick at this particular time. Despite the fact that the timing of the appearance of a particular type of fungus is not constant and depends on weather conditions, each mushroom has its own specific start and end dates for the season. Here they are contained in the mushroom picker calendar for 2017. If you have forgotten the main differences between poisonous and edible mushrooms, be sure to refresh your memory by looking at the mushroom guide.

Mushroom picker calendar for summer

• Mushrooms in June According to the mushroom picker's calendar, in the first decade of June, lovers of mushroom picking should look for boletus in the pine forest, and boletus in birch groves. In the second half of June, the mushroom season begins at white loaders. Loaders are fruitful mushrooms, they are harvested all summer and until late autumn.
• Mushrooms in July In the first days of July, the season of mushrooms begins, and at the end of the first decade of July, the most desirable mushrooms for the mushroom picker are porcini mushrooms. At the same time, according to the calendar, the first russula appear - the most fruitful mushrooms. They can be found in almost any forest from July to late autumn frosts. In the second half of July, in coniferous and mixed forests, milk mushrooms begin to come across, black loads, and on the edges and forest clearings, chanterelles and pigs delight mushroom pickers.
• Mushrooms in August August is considered the most mushroom month. In harvest years, mushroom pickers in August collect porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, saffron mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, russula, boletus and other mushrooms in baskets. At the beginning of August, the first mushrooms appear, and in the middle of the month - waves and whites. The second half of August and the first ten days of September are the best time for picking mushrooms.

Mushroom picker calendar for autumn

• Gibs in September. In September, mushroom pickers have joy. As the mushroom picker's calendar says: many summer mushrooms continue to grow, at the same time, autumn mushrooms appear in mass quantities. In the second half of September, part of the mushroom species disappears, but honey agaric, volnushki, whites, boletus, pigs, and white mushrooms are still plentiful.
• Mushrooms in October At the end of October, you can postpone the mushroom picker calendar until next year, because the mushroom season ends. In the second decade of October, when the average daily air temperature drops to 4-5 degrees Celsius and night frosts begin, the mushroom picking season will end. However, you can still find young mushrooms, preserved under the foliage and grass of saffron mushrooms, volnushki and whites.

Mushroom picker calendar for 2017

The phenological mushroom picker calendar will come to the aid of novice mushroom pickers. The most popular mushrooms and the period when to pick these mushrooms in the forest are marked in the mushroom picker's calendar. Of course, it all depends on the region and the weather in each season, however, the mushroom picker's calendar gives some of the useful knowledge when to pick mushrooms. You will also find it useful

What mushrooms to collect	When to pick mushrooms
	April	May	June	July	August	September	October
Morels	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
Stitches	+	+	+	-	-	-	-
May mushroom	-	+	+	-	-	-	-
Oyster mushroom	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
meadow honey agaric	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
boletus	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
Oil can granular	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
summer honey agaric	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Chanterelle real	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Porcini	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
boletus	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Plyutey deer	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
Raincoat prickly	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Champignon ordinary	-	-	+	+	+	+	-
field champignon	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Value	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Funnel talker	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Umbrella mushroom white	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Mushroom-umbrella motley	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
real breast	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
poddubovik	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Ivyshen	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
White loader	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Loader black	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Pig fat	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Russula yellow, food, etc.	-	+	+	+	+	+	-
Flywheel green	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
hedgehog yellow	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Ringed cap	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Larch butter dish	-	-	-	+	+	+	-
Volnushka pink	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Black breast	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
Ginger spruce green	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Ginger pine	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Talker gray	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Oiler late	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
winter mushroom	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Loader black and white	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
polish mushroom	-	-	-	-	+	-	-
Oyster mushroom autumn	-	-	-	-	-	+	-
Row gray	-	-	-	-	-	+	-
Autumn line	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Autumn honey agaric	-	-	-	-	-	+	+
Row purple	-	-	-	-	+	+	-
Greenfinch	-	-	-	-	+	+	+
Hygrophorus brown	-	-	-	-	-	+	+

Mushroom calendar 2017

for the Moscow region and central Russia

Types of mushrooms

May

June

July

August

September

October

Decades

I

II

III

I

II

III

I

II

III

I

II

III

I

II

III

I

II

III

Morel

Porcini

boletus

boletus

Chanterelle

Butter dish

mokhovik

Honey agaric

Ginger

Volnushka

breast

Value

Russula

Champignon

Belyanka (white wave)

bitterness

Greenfinch

Serushka

Kozlyak

Raincoat

Cap

Ryadovka

violinist

Mushroom calendar 2017

for the Leningrad region and the northern places of Russia

The mushroom season in the forests of the Leningrad region is from August to November. There are countless mushroom places in the Leningrad Region, the main thing is to know when to pick this or that mushroom. This will help the mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region. Edible mushrooms in the Leningrad region are diverse: these are bright boletus, and appetizing boletus, valuable porcini mushrooms and boletus, red chanterelles, slippery butterflies and mossiness mushrooms, as well as volnushki, milk mushrooms and honey mushrooms. If you check the mushroom picker's calendar, you can pick up delicious morels, and raincoats, and russula. Do not be lazy, in the right weather after the rain, look at the mushroom calendar and get ready for a mushroom picking trip. Focus on the mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad Region below.

Mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region
When to pick mushrooms	What mushrooms to collect	Where to collect mushrooms
March	Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, talker	There are practically no mushrooms, but at the end of the month the first snowdrops may appear. If the winter is warm, you can find fresh oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms usually grow on trees, the hat of such a mushroom is one-sided or rounded, the plates run down to the stem, as if growing to it. It is not difficult to distinguish oyster mushrooms from inedible mushrooms - it has a hat that is completely non-leather to the touch.
April	Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, talker, morel, line	Quite often there are mushrooms-snowdrops - morels and lines
May	Morel, line, butter dish, oyster mushroom, raincoat	Most mushrooms can be found not under trees, but in clearings, in thick grass.
June	Butter, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey agaric, chanterelle, white mushroom, raincoat	In June, mushrooms of the highest (first) category begin to appear.
July	Butter, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, raincoat, honey agaric, chanterelle, white mushroom, flywheel	There are already quite a lot of mushrooms - both in the clearings and under the trees. In addition to mushrooms, strawberries and blueberries are already found.
August	Butter, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey agaric, chanterelle, white mushroom, flywheel	At this time, mushrooms can be found almost everywhere: in the grass, under trees, near stumps, in ditches and on trees, and even in city squares and on roadsides. In addition to mushrooms, lingonberries have already ripened, and cranberries appear in the swamps.
September	Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey agaric, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, flywheel,	September is the busiest mushroom month. But you need to be careful: autumn comes to the forests, and it is difficult to see colorful mushroom caps in the bright foliage.
October	Valuy, oyster mushroom, camelina, honey agaric, champignon, boletus, porcini mushroom, milk mushroom, flywheel, russula	The number of mushrooms in the clearings begins to decrease. In October, it is better to look for mushrooms near stumps and under trees.
November	Butter dish, greenfinch, oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms.	Frosts begin, but there is a high probability of finding frozen mushrooms.

You will also find useful material about mushrooms with a mushroom picker calendar:

• When to pick mushrooms: How to pick mushrooms in the forest

Mushroom guide

There are no reliable methods to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms by eye, so the only way out is to know each of the mushrooms. If the species affiliation of mushrooms is in doubt, it is by no means worth eating them. Fortunately, among the hundreds of species found in nature, many differ in such clearly defined characters that it is difficult to confuse them with others. However, it is best to always have a mushroom guide handy.

Mushroom guide - How to distinguish edible mushrooms
1 - breast; 2 - camelina; 3 - cone mushroom; 4 - greenish russula; 5 - food russula; 6 - fox.	7 - oiler; 8 - morel; 9 - white mushroom; 10 - large umbrella; 11 - row; 12 - field champignon.
Mushroom guide - How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms
1 - paneolus; 2 - gray float; 3 - luminous talker; 4 - ordinary veselka; 5 - pale grebe; 6 - white fly agaric (spring).	7 - fly agaric red; 8 - motley champignon; 9 - russula vomit; 10 - value; 11 - entoloma

Taking with you a guide to mushrooms and a mushroom picker's calendar, making your way through the forest in search of mushrooms, you can entertain yourself with a conversation about mushrooms. Share interesting facts about mushrooms with your friends.

The most poisonous mushrooms

Certainly poisonous species of mushrooms in Europe, there are about a hundred. Of these, only eight are deadly poisonous.

• The most poisonous mushroom is Galerina sulciceps growing in Java and Sri Lanka. Even one eaten fruit leads to death in half an hour or an hour.
• In Europe and North America, the most poisonous are white fly agaric (spring) and smelly fly agaric.
• The most poisonous, deadly to humans is the pale grebe, for which no antidote has yet been found.

The largest edible mushrooms

The world's largest mushroom grows in Malheur National Park in the Blue Mountains (Oregon, USA). This mushroom covers an area of ​​890 hectares. However, we are interested in edible mushrooms.

• The largest edible mushroom was discovered in Canada by Jean Guy Richard. The unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean) had a circumference of 2.64 meters and a weight of 22 kilograms.
• The largest mushroom was found in Italy by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. The mushroom weighed 14 kilograms.
• The largest of the found truffles weighed even less - only 7 kilograms.

The most expensive mushrooms

• Of course, the most expensive mushrooms are truffles, white and black. Incredibly expensive white truffles grow mainly in Italy, in the Piedmont region. Also, the Perigord black truffle or Tuber melanosporum is considered a real masterpiece of nature.
• Matsutake mushroom competes with truffles for the title of the most expensive mushroom. This mushroom is often called the king of mushrooms due to its rich mushroom aroma and excellent taste. So far, no one has succeeded in artificially growing matsutake, which is why the price for them has increased significantly, unlike truffles, which the Chinese have learned to successfully cultivate.

Now, thanks to the mushroom picker's calendar, you know which mushrooms and when to pick in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. A brief guide to mushrooms will help you distinguish edible and recognize poisonous mushrooms. Happy silent hunting.