Olympics where and when. History of Olympic Games

The Summer Olympic Games are the largest international competitions in summer and all-season sports, held once every four years under the auspices of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The revival of the Olympic movement in modern times is associated with the name of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

The first modern summer Olympic Games were held from 6 to 15 April 1896 in Athens (Greece).

At the opening of the Games of the I Olympiad, the Olympic Hymn was performed for the first time, composed by Spyros Samaras (music) and Kostis Palamas (lyrics). This Olympic anthem is still sung at all opening ceremonies.

241 athletes from 14 countries took part in the Games of the I Olympiad. A total of 43 sets of medals were played.

Since the games of the I Olympiad, a tradition has been established of performing the national anthem in honor of the winner and raising the national flag. The winner was crowned with a laurel wreath, he was awarded a silver medal, an olive branch cut in the Sacred Grove of Olympia, and a diploma made by a Greek artist. The second place winners received bronze medals.

Third-place finishers were not counted at the time, and only later were included by the International Olympic Committee in the country medal standings, however, not all medalists were accurately identified.

According to the IOC, the Greek team won the most medals - 46 (10 gold, 17 silver, 19 bronze). Team USA has won 20 awards (11 gold, 7 silver, 2 bronze). The third place was taken by the German team - (6 gold, 5 silver, 2 bronze).

1900

The II Summer Olympic Games were held in Paris (France) from May 14 to October 28, 1900. The Games were timed to coincide with the World Exhibition, which was held at that time in the French capital. The games were attended by 997 athletes from 24 countries. For the first time, women participated in the games (there were 22 in total). 95 sets of medals were played. The French team won the most medals - 91 (23 gold, 36 silver, 32 bronze). The US team is in second place with 47 awards (19 gold, 14 silver, 14 bronze). The third place was taken by Great Britain - 29 awards (14 gold, 6 silver, 9 bronze).

1904

The III Summer Olympic Games were held in St. Louis, USA from July 1 to November 23, 1904. 651 athletes from 12 countries participated in the games. A total of 95 sets of medals were played.

The 1904 Olympic Games were the first to officially award gold, silver, and bronze medals for first, second, and third place. The US team won the most medals - 238 (78 gold, 82 silver, 78 bronze), the German team was in second place - 13 medals (4 gold, 4 silver, 5 bronze). The third place was taken by the Cuban team - 9 awards (4 gold, 2 silver, 3 bronze).

1908

The IV Summer Olympic Games were held in London (Great Britain) from April 27 to October 31, 1908. The games were originally supposed to take place in Rome, Italy, but were moved to London when it became apparent that Rome would not be ready. 2008 athletes participated in the games, representing 22 countries. For the first time, a parade of delegations took place at the opening ceremony: athletes marched under the flag of their country in sportswear. 110 sets of medals were played.

The UK team won the most medals - 127 medals (50 gold, 44 silver, 33 bronze), followed by the US team - 46 medals (22 gold, 12 silver, 12 bronze). The third place was taken by the Swedish team - 25 awards (8 gold, 6 silver, 11 bronze).

1912

The V Summer Olympic Games were held in Stockholm (Sweden) from May 5 to July 27, 1912. 2407 athletes from 28 countries participated in the games. For the first time, athletes from all five continents participated in the games. 102 sets of medals were played.

The Swedish team won the most medals - 64 medals (23 gold, 24 silver, 17 bronze), followed by the US team - 63 medals (25 gold, 19 silver, 19 bronze). The third place was taken by the team of Great Britain - 40 medals (10 gold, 14 silver, 16 bronze).

1916

The VI Summer Olympic Games were scheduled to be held in Berlin (Germany). The games were canceled due to the outbreak of the First World War.

1920

The VII Summer Olympic Games were held in Antwerp (Belgium) from April 20 to September 12, 1920. 2622 athletes from 29 countries participated in the games. At the Games of the VII Olympiad, during the opening ceremony, the Olympic flag was raised for the first time with five interlaced rings of blue, yellow, black, green and red. For the first time, an Olympic oath was also taken by an athlete on behalf of all participants. A total of 156 sets of medals were played.

The USA team won the most medals - 94 (41 gold, 27 silver, 26 bronze), the Swedish team won 64 medals (19 gold, 20 silver, 25 bronze). Team Great Britain took the third place with 41 awards (13 gold, 15 silver, 13 bronze).

At the Games of the VII Olympiad, the Italian fencer Nedo Nadi achieved the only result in the history of world fencing: he won 5 gold medals - in individual foil and saber fencing competitions and in team fencing competitions in rapiers, sabers and swords.

1924

The VIII Summer Olympic Games were held in Paris (France) from July 5 to 27, 1924. 3088 athletes from 44 countries participated in the games. A total of 126 sets of medals were played. Athletes from the United States won the most medals - 98 (45 gold, 26 silver, 27 bronze), the French team was in second place - 39 medals (13 gold, 16 silver, 10 bronze). The third place was taken by the Finnish team - 38 medals (14 gold, 13 silver, 11 bronze).

At the Games of the VIII Olympiad, the athletes were accommodated in the Olympic Village for the first time. For the first time, the games were broadcast on television. At the closing ceremony of the Games, for the first time, a ritual was introduced that involves the hoisting of three flags: the flag of the International Olympic Committee, the flag of the host country and the flag of the next host country of the Olympics.

1928

The IX Summer Olympic Games were held in Amsterdam (Netherlands) from May 17 to August 12, 1928. 2883 athletes from 46 countries participated in the games. For the first time, the Olympic flame was lit at the opening ceremony. A total of 109 sets of medals were played. The US team won the most medals - 56 (22 gold, 18 silver, 16 bronze), followed by the German team - 30 medals (10 gold, 7 silver, 13 bronze). The Finnish team took third place - 25 awards (8 gold, 8 silver, 9 bronze).

1932

X Summer Olympic Games were held from July 30 to August 14, 1932 in Los Angeles (USA). 1334 athletes from 37 countries took part. 117 sets of medals were played.

Athletes from China took part in the Games of the X Olympiad for the first time.

First place went to the US team with 103 medals (41 gold, 32 silver, 30 bronze), Italy second with 36 medals (12 gold, 12 silver, 12 bronze), Finland third with 25 medals (5 gold, 8 silver, 12 bronze).

1936

XI Summer Olympic Games were held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in Berlin (Germany). 3963 athletes from 49 countries took part. 129 sets of medals were played.

Adolf Hitler tried to use the Olympics to prove his theory of Aryan racial superiority. However, the hero of the Games was American black athlete Jesse Owens, who won four gold medals.

The Olympic torch relay was held for the first time. More than three thousand runners participated in the delivery of the torch from Olympia to Berlin.

The first place was taken by the German team with 89 medals (33 gold, 26 silver, 30 bronze), the second by the United States with 56 medals (24 gold, 20 silver, 12 bronze), the third by Italy with 22 medals (8 gold, 9 silver). , 5 bronze).

1940

XII Summer Olympic Games were to be held from September 21 to October 6, 1940 in the capital of Japan - Tokyo. However, due to the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the IOC moved the Games to Helsinki (Finland), where they were scheduled to be held from July 20 to August 4, 1940. But after the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the Games were finally cancelled.

Despite the cancellation of the Games, they, like the VI Summer Olympic Games that did not take place in 1916, were assigned their own serial number.

1944

The XIII Summer Olympic Games, according to the decision of the IOC, adopted in June 1939, were scheduled to be held in 1944 in London (Great Britain). They were supposed to take place in the year of the 50th anniversary of the creation of the International Olympic Committee. The Games were canceled due to World War II. London hosted the first post-war Games in 1948, gaining this right without an election.

1948

The XIV Summer Olympic Games were held in London (Great Britain) from July 29 to August 14, 1948. 4104 athletes from 59 countries took part. 136 sets of medals were played.

The best athlete of the XIV Olympiad was recognized as the Dutch athlete Fanny Blankers-Kuhn, who won four gold medals in four sprint distances.

Seventeen-year-old American Bob Mathias won the decathlon and became the youngest athlete in Olympic history to win the men's track and field tournament.

One of the heroes of the Olympics was the Soviet weightlifter Yuri Vlasov.

American boxer Cassius Clay won his first gold medal, later turning to professional boxing and becoming known as Muhammad Ali.

Soviet athletes won 15 out of 16 possible medals in gymnastics, and Larisa Latynina won 6 awards (4 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze).

The Soviet team took first place, winning 103 awards (43 gold, 29 silver, 31 bronze). The United States came in second with 71 medals (34 gold, 21 silver, 16 bronze), and the United German Team came in third with 39 medals (12 gold, 16 silver, 11 bronze).

1964

The XVIII Summer Olympic Games were held in the capital of Japan, Tokyo, from 10 to 24 October 1964.

5152 athletes from 93 countries took part. 163 sets of medals were played.

Australian swimmer, champion of Melbourne and Rome, Dawn Fraser won the third Olympic victory. She became the first female swimmer to win a total of eight Olympic medals.

For the first time in the long history of the Olympics, one athlete managed to become the winner of the marathon distance for the second time in a row. They became an athlete from Ethiopia Abebe Bikila.

Athletes of the USSR retained the championship in the unofficial team standings, winning 96 medals (30 gold, 31 silver, 35 bronze). The US team was second with 90 medals (36 gold, 26 silver, 28 bronze), while the United German team was third with 50 medals (10 gold, 22 silver, 18 bronze).

1968

XIX Summer Olympic Games were held in the capital of Mexico - Mexico City from October 12 to October 27, 1968.

5516 athletes from 112 countries took part. 172 sets of medals were played.

The choice of Mexico City as the venue for the Olympic Games proved controversial due to the high altitude of the city - 2300 meters above sea level.

The hero of the Olympics was the American Bob Beamon, who in the long jump showed a result of 8 meters 90 centimeters, exceeding the world record by 55 centimeters at once.

The Games of the XIX Olympiad are considered a turning point in the history of high jump - American Richard Fosbury set a new Olympic record by jumping the bar in a new way - backwards. The technique was called "Fosbury flop" and began to be used around the world.

The first place in the unofficial team standings was taken by athletes from the United States, who won 107 medals (45 gold, 28 silver, 34 bronze). Athletes from the USSR took second place, winning 91 awards (29 gold, 32 silver, 30 bronze), in third place was the Hungarian team, which won 32 medals (10 gold, 10 silver, 12 bronze).

1972

7234 athletes from 121 countries took part. 195 sets of medals were played.

The Olympics were almost derailed by tragedy. On September 5, 1972, terrorists from the Black September organization broke into the Olympic village, killed two members of the Israeli team and took nine hostages. In the ensuing battle, all nine Israeli hostages were killed.

The hero of the Games was the American swimmer Mark Spitz, who became the first person to win 7 Olympic gold medals in one Games.

The first place was taken by the USSR national team, having won 99 medals (50 gold, 27 silver, 22 bronze). The United States came second with 94 medals (33 gold, 31 silver, 30 bronze), and the German Democratic Republic came in third with 66 medals (20 gold, 23 silver, 23 bronze).

1976

The XXI Summer Olympic Games were held in Montreal (Canada) from July 17 to August 1, 1976. 6084 athletes from 92 countries took part. 198 sets of medals were played. The games were boycotted by 22 African countries in protest of the New Zealand rugby team's violation of the boycott of the apartheid regime in South Africa.

At the Games of the XXI Olympiad, women's basketball was presented for the first time; Soviet basketball players became the first Olympic champions in history.

Soviet athlete Viktor Saneev for the first time in the history of Olympic competitions became the best in the triple jump for the third time in a row.

The USSR confirmed its title of Olympic leader by winning 125 medals (49 gold, 41 silver, 35 bronze). The second team of the Olympics was the GDR team, which won 90 awards (40 gold, 25 silver and 25 bronze), the US team for the first time was in third place in the medal standings (34 gold, 35 silver, 25 bronze).

1980

XXII Summer Olympic Games were held from July 19 to August 3, 1980 in Moscow (USSR). 5179 athletes from 80 countries took part in the Games, 203 sets of medals were played. The United States, Germany, Japan and several dozen other countries boycotted the Olympics in protest against the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. At the Moscow Olympiad, Alexander Dityatin became the only gymnast in the world to have medals in all evaluated exercises in one competition: he won three gold, four silver and one bronze medals.

The USSR athletes became the leader in the number of medals, they won 195 awards (80 gold, 69 silver, 46 bronze), in second place were athletes from the GDR, who won 126 medals (47 gold, 37 silver, 42 bronze), the third place was for the team Bulgaria - 41 medals (8 gold, 16 silver, 17 bronze).

1984

XXIII Summer Olympic Games were held from July 28 to August 12, 1984 in Los Angeles (USA). 6829 athletes from 140 countries participated, 221 sets of medals were played. The program of the Games included rhythmic gymnastics and synchronized swimming. Soviet athletes and athletes from 13 countries declared a boycott of the Olympics in connection with the boycott of American athletes of the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow. In total (due to the boycott of most countries of the socialist bloc) 125 world champions could not take part in the Olympic competitions. The Chinese team competed at the Olympics for the first time after a 32-year absence.

Most of the medals were won by American athletes (83 gold, 63 silver, 32 bronze), the team from Germany was in second place, winning 59 medals (17 gold, 19 silver, 23 bronze), the Romanian team was in third place with 53 medals (20 gold, 16 silver, 17 bronze).

1988

XXIV Summer Olympic Games were held from September 17 to October 2, 1988 in Seoul (South Korea). 8397 athletes from 159 countries participated,

One of the brightest and most massive events on the planet are the Olympic Games. Any athlete who manages to take the podium at the Olympic competitions receives the status of an Olympic champion for life and his achievements remain in the world history of sports for centuries. Where and how did the Olympic Games originate and what is their history? Let's try to conduct a brief digression into the history of the emergence and holding of the Olympic Games.

Story

The Olympic Games originated in ancient Greece, where they were not only a sports, but also a religious holiday. Information about the holding of the very first games and their origin has not been preserved, but there are several legends that describe this event. The first documented date for the celebration of the Olympic Games is 776 BC. e. Despite the fact that the games were held before, it is generally accepted that they were established by Hercules. In 394 AD, with the advent of Christianity as the official religion, the Olympic Games were banned by Emperor Theodosius I, as they began to be seen as a kind of pagan phenomenon. And yet, despite the ban on games, they have not completely disappeared. In Europe, local competitions were held, somewhat reminiscent of the Olympic Games. After some time, the games resumed thanks to Panagiotis Sutsos, who proposed this idea, and thanks to the public figure Evangelis Zappas, who brought it to life.

The first modern Olympic Games took place in 1896 in the country where they originated - in Greece, in Athens. To organize the Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was created, whose first president was Demetrius Vikelas. Despite the fact that only 241 athletes from 14 countries took part in the first modern Games, they were a huge success, becoming a significant sporting event in Greece. Initially, it was meant to always hold the Games in their homeland, but the Olympic Committee introduced a decision that the venue would change every 4 years.

The II Olympic Games of 1900, held in France, in Paris, and the III Olympic Games of 1904, held in the USA, in St. Louis (Missouri), were less successful, as a result of which the Olympic movement as a whole experienced the first crisis after a significant success. Since the Games were combined with the World Exhibitions, they did not arouse much interest among the audience, and the sports competitions lasted for months.

In 1906, again in Athens (Greece), the so-called "intermediate" Olympic Games were held. At first, the IOC supported the holding of these Games, but now they are not recognized as Olympic. There is an opinion of some sports historians that the 1906 Games were a kind of salvation of the Olympic idea, which did not allow the Games to lose their meaning and become "unnecessary".

All rules, principles and regulations are determined by the Charter of the Olympic Games, approved in Paris in 1894 by the International Sports Congress. The Olympiads are counted from the time of the first Games (I Olympiad - 1896-99). Even if the games are not held, the Olympiad receives its serial number, for example, the VI Games in 1916-19, the XII Games in 1940-43 and the XIII in 1944-47. The Olympic Games are symbolized by five rings of different colors fastened together (Olympic rings), denoting the unification of the five parts of the world - the top row: blue - Europe, black - Africa, red - America, and the bottom row: yellow - Asia, green - Australia. The choice of venues for the Olympics is carried out by the IOC. All organizational issues related to the Games are decided not by the chosen country, but by the city. The duration of the Games is approximately 16-18 days.

The Olympic Games, like any strictly organized event, have their own specific traditions and rituals.

Here is some of them:

Before the opening and closing of the games, theatrical performances are held, presenting to the audience the appearance and culture of the country and city in which they are held;

Solemn passage through the central stadium of athletes and members of delegations. Athletes from each country go in separate groups in alphabetical order of country names in the language of the country in which the Games are held, or in the official language of the IOC (English or French). Each group is preceded by a representative of the host country who carries a sign with the name of the respective country. He is followed by a flag bearer carrying the flag of his country. This very honorable mission, as a rule, is granted to the most respected and titled athletes;

Without fail, the President of the International Olympic Committee delivers welcoming speeches. Also, the speech is delivered by the head of state in which the Games are held;

The flag of Greece is raised as the country in which the Olympic Games originated. Her national anthem is played;

The flag of the country in which the Games are held is raised and the performance of its national anthem follows; - one of the outstanding athletes of the host country of the Games takes an oath on behalf of all participants about a fair fight and competition that will comply with all the principles and rules of sports;

The opening ceremony ends with the lighting and "relay" of the Olympic flame. The initial part of the relay passes through the cities of Greece, the final part - through the cities of the country in which the games are held. The torch with fire is delivered to the city that organizes the Games on the opening day. The fire burns until the closing ceremony of the Olympic Games;

The closing ceremony is also accompanied by theatrical performances, the speech of the IOC President, the passage of participants, etc. The President of the IOC announces the closing of the Olympics, followed by the performance of the national anthem, the anthem of the Olympic Games, the lowering of the flags. At the end of the ceremony, the Olympic flame goes out.

Each country participating in the Olympic Games develops its own official emblem and mascot of the Games, which become part of the souvenir products.

The following sports are included in the program of the Olympic Games

BUT:

crossbow sport

B: Badminton , Basketball , Running , Skating , Bobsleigh , Biathlon , Billiards , Boxing , Freestyle wrestling , Greco-Roman wrestling

AT: Cycling, Water polo, Volleyball

G: Handball , Artistic gymnastics , Rhythmic gymnastics , Alpine skiing , Rowing, Rowing and canoeing

D: Judo

TO: Curling, Equestrian

L: Athletics ,Ski race , skiing

H: Table tennis

P: sailing,swimming, Diving , ,Ski jumping

FROM: luge,

The 2018 Olympics will be held in the South Korean city of Pyeongchang from February 9 to 25. Traditionally, this event is one of the most anticipated, because millions of fans around the world will have a wonderful opportunity to see the spectacular competition of the best athletes of our time. There will be about 2,500 of them at the Olympics from more than 90 countries, while 102 sets of awards are planned to be played in various winter disciplines.

It should be noted that not many countries wanted to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. The following have submitted applications to the IOC:

Annecy (a city in the southeast of France);
Munich (a city in southern Germany);
Pyeongchang (South Korea).

The main reason for the rejection of the French application was the too frequent OI. The last such event took place in this country in 1992, and in its sovereign history, France has hosted the Olympics 5 times (only the United States has more). In addition, senior officials from this country ignored the final part of the selection of the venue for the Olympics, as a result of which the chances of the French bid to win became completely illusory. Munich (Germany) could be an excellent venue for the Winter Olympics 2018, but the IOC members considered that not so long ago, Germany hosted the main sporting event of the four years (in 1972). As a result, the first games after the fall of the Berlin Wall in the united territory of Germany did not take place.

Choosing Pyeongchang, the IOC functionaries pursued two goals, the main of which was the popularization of winter sports in Asia. In addition, this South Korean city has already applied for the Olympic Games for the third time, and the last time it was insultingly lost to Sochi with a difference of only 4 votes. Pyeongchang won the right to host the Olympics already in the first round, overtaking its competitors by a huge margin (63 votes against 25 for Munich and 7 for Annecy). The judges were bribed by the determination with which the city was moving towards its goal, because over the past few years, the construction of sports facilities and related infrastructure has not stopped in South Korea. After the official announcement of the winner, the joy of the South Korean delegation knew no bounds.

In what sports will medals be played?

At the moment, only 15 types of winter sports are recognized as Olympic. This list includes:

skating;
skiing;
ski jumping;
ski biathlon;
figure skating;
skiing;
luge;
short track;
freestyle;
snowboard;
skeleton;
biathlon;
bobsled;
curling;
hockey.

At the 2018 Olympics in South Korea, medals will be awarded for the first time in 6 new disciplines, including mass start in speed skating (for men and women), big air in snowboarding (for men and women), team competition in alpine skiing, double - mixed in curling. Two disciplines were deleted from the list of sporting events - parallel slalom for men and women. The number of disciplines is final and not subject to change, as stated in the resolution adopted at the IOC meeting on June 8, 2015.

Sports objects

Almost every fan knows where the Winter Olympics 2018 will take place, but at which venues the main sporting events of the four years will take place remains a mystery to many. The main venue for the upcoming event, where the opening and closing ceremonies of the games are planned, will be Hwenge Park, which has a capacity of 75,000 people. Among other objects it should be noted:

ski center "Alpensia" (at the same time 15,500 spectators can be accommodated);
ski jumping center "Alpensia" (capacity - over 60,000 spectators);
center of biathlon competitions "Alpensia" (capacity - 26,500 spectators);
Yonpyeong ski base (capacity - 18,000 spectators), etc.

Also worth mentioning are several indoor sports venues, including the Gyongpo Ice Hall, which will host figure skating and short track competitions, and the Gwangdong University Sports Arena, which will host most of the hockey matches of the Olympics, including the final match.

Now 7 out of 13 objects are completely ready and put into operation. This summer, an IOC commission visited Pyeongchang to assess the pace of construction of the necessary infrastructure. According to officials, the schedule for the construction of stadiums, training bases, tracks, sports complexes in the country is not only in accordance with the established deadlines, but also significantly ahead of them. Considering how much South Korea wanted to host the 2018 Winter Olympics, these claims should be credible.

How much will tickets cost?

The organizers of the event tried to make ticket prices affordable, thanks to which even the most wealthy fan will have the opportunity to see one of the sporting events with their own eyes. The only exception will be the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The cost of the cheapest admission ticket will be at least 168 euros, while many are ready to purchase tickets at this price. The most expensive tickets in the central sectors can be redeemed for 1147 euros apiece.

The minimum ticket price for less attended sporting events (traditionally short track, skeleton and bobsleigh) is estimated at 15 euros. The maximum ticket price for the final part of popular sports (hockey, biathlon, figure skating, skiing) will be 689 euros. More than half of the tickets for all 15 disciplines of the Olympiad are sold in the price range of 60-70 euros. In October of this year, fans will be able to redeem the coveted tickets on the Internet on the official website of the games.

Ticket prices are comparable to those for the 2008 Olympics in Vancouver and slightly lower than for the 2014 Olympics in Sochi. You should take care of purchasing tickets in advance, because the price list will definitely not fall cheaper than the indicated amounts. In addition, as the competition in South Korea approaches, the cost will only increase, and on the day of the competition it will be possible to buy tickets only from resellers. They most often set a price that is 2-3 times the face value of the purchase, so going to Pyeongchang in the midst of the Olympics and hoping to get a cheap ticket there is at least stupid.

Symbols of the 2018 Olympics

The official emblem of the event is uncomplicated, expressive and quickly stored in the memory of the fans. It consists of four straight lines connected in the form of an unfinished square. Each of these lines symbolizes three harmonious elements:

sky,
earth;
person.

The second symbol is made in the form of a five-pointed star, symbolizing two winter elements - snow and ice. It is noteworthy that the logo of the Olympiad 2018 uses traditional colors for South Korea, such as yellow, black, blue, red and green. According to IOC President Jacques Rogge, he has not seen a more successful combination of elements of national culture for a long time, because the created emblem helps to understand the worldview of the Korean people and discover something new.

When choosing a mascot for the event, the organizers sought to associate it with folk mythology. As a result, the white tiger was ideally suited for this role, symbolizing strength, trust and protection from evil in South Korean fairy tales. The color of the mascot is also associated with winter sports, and the name has a deep meaning. The name of the tiger Soohorang can be divided into two parts, the first of which Sooho literally translates as "protection". The second part of rang means "tiger" and closely echoes the folk music of the same name in the province where Pyeongchang is located. Mascots have been an official attribute of the Winter Olympics since the 1972 Munich Olympics, when a dachshund was chosen for this role.

Thus, the next 2018 Olympics promises to be one of the largest, well-prepared and exciting events. Eminent athletes will gather here and try to prove to fans, judges, and the world community that they deserve the title of the best in their discipline. Spectators have to wait for this unique event, which can impress even the hardened skeptic with its entertainment, uncompromising struggle and sensational results.

The composition of the Russian team

After the whole sports world shuddered from another doping scandal in 2015, in which the names of the country's best athletes appeared, the trip of our team to South Korea remained in doubt. In the fall of 2017, the WADA leadership even announced that they would refuse to restore the rights of RUSADA, which would automatically mean a complete disqualification of all Russian athletes.

And now, when only a few weeks are left before the start of the first competitions, the decision has been made - Russia will be represented at the Olympic Games in Pyeongchang, but only those athletes who will fully comply with the strict requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency will be able to represent the country. moreover, they will have to act under a neutral flag.

According to the decision of WADA, they will definitely not go to South Korea:

Kind of sport	Athletes
Ski race	Alexander Legkov, Anastasia Dotsenko, Evgeny Belov, Evgenia Shapovalova Maxim Vylegzhanin, Yulia Ivanova, Nikita Kryukov, Alexey Petukhov, Yulia Chekaleva,
	Alexander Kasyanov, Ilvir Khuzin, Alexey Pushkarev, Maxim Belugin
Skeleton	Alexander Tretyakov, Maria Orlova, Elena Nikitina, Olga Potylitsyna
Skating	Artyom Kuznetsov, Alexander Rumyantsev, Olga Fatkulina
	Anna Schukina, Anna Shibanova, Inna Dubanok, Ekaterina Lebedeva, Galina Skiba,
luge	Tatyana Ivanova

Also on the list of those who lost the chance for a long-awaited medal were athletes who did not appear directly in the scandal, but who had various violations in their history, mentioned in the WADA requirements, namely:

Denis Yusakov, who was justified earlier, and six-time champion Viktor An, who was generally far from doping scandals, did not receive an invitation, which could not but cause a storm of indignation among the fans of these young and talented athletes.

When the lists of those who were denied participation became known, they caused a real shock, because it became even more difficult to understand the principle of selection. Thus, in addition to those already suspended from participation in the 2018 Olympics, the following were added:

Kind of sport	Athletes
	Anton Shipulin, Alexey Volkov, Evgeny Garanichev, Matvey Eliseev, Maxim Tsvetkov, Yuri Shopin, Daria Virolainen, Svetlana Mironova, Victoria Slivko, Irina Uslugina, Ekaterina Yurlova-Perkht
Short track	Viktor An, Vladimir Grigoriev, Denis Hayrapetyan, Artyom Kozlov, Evgenia Zakharova
Ski race	Sergei Ustyugov, Gleb Zealous, Tatyana Aleshina
Skating	Olga Fatkulina, Ekaterina Shikhova, Yulia Skokova, Anna Yurakova, Elizaveta Kazelina, Victoria Filyushkina, Daria Kachanova
	Roman Koshelev, Yulia Shokshueva
	Anton Belov, Alexey Bereglazov, Mikhail Naumenkov, Valery Nichushkin, Sergey Plotnikov
Figure skating	Ksenia Stolbova (partner Fyodor Klimov), Ivan Bukin (partner Alexander Stepanov)

Of course, such a decision immediately before the start of the competition seriously undermined the quality of the team. But, among those who got the opportunity to compete for medals in Pyeongchang, there are many young and very talented athletes who have a chance to get a long-awaited medal and defend the honor of the country.

The official website of the Russian Olympic Committee already has the official list of the national team, which includes 169 people:

Kind of sport	Athletes
Skiing	Alexander Andrienko, Anastasia Silantieva, Pavel Trikhichev, Alexander Khoroshilov, Ekaterina Tkachenko
Skating	Angelina Golikova, Sergey Trofimov, Olga Graf, Natalya Voronina,
Bobsleigh and Skeleton	Alexey Stulnev, Alexandra Rodionova, Maxim Andrianov, Vladislav Marchenkov, Alexei Zaitsev, Vasily Kondratenko, Nikita Tregubov, Ruslan Samitov, Yuri Selikhov, Yulia Belomestnykh, Anastasia Kocherzhova, Nadezhda Sergeeva
luge	Andrey Medvedev, Vladislav Antonov, Andrey Bogdanov, Alexander Denisiev, Roman Repilov, Semyon Pavlichenko, Stepan Fedorov, Ekaterina Baturina
	Anton Babikov, Tatyana Akimova, Matvey Eliseev, Uliana Kaisheva
Ski jumping	Evgeny Klimov, Denis Kornilov, Irina Avvakumova, Mikhail Nazarov, Alexandra Kustova, Alexei Romashov, Anastasia Barannikova, Sofia Tikhonova
	Anastasia Bryzgalova, Galina Arsenkina, Alexander Krushelnitsky, Victoria Moiseeva, Ulyana Vasilyeva, Yulia Guzieva, Yulia Portunova
Nordic combined	Ernest Yachin
Ski race	Alexander Bolshunov, Andrey Melnichenko, Alexey Vitsenko, Andrey Larkov, Alexey Chervotkin, Denis Spitsov, Alexander Panzhinsky, Yulia Belorukova, Alisa Zhambalova, Natalya Nepryaeva, Anna Nechaevskaya, Anastasia Sedova
Freestyle	Ilya Burov, Maxim Burov, Semyon Denshchikov, Egor Korotkov, Pavel Krotov, Stanislav Nikitin, Igor Omelin, Sergei Ridzik, Alexander Smyshlyaev, Pavel Chupa, Alina Gridneva, Valeria Demidova, Victoria Zavadovskaya, Lyubov Nikitina, Alexandra Orlova, Marika Pertakhia, Lana Prusakova , Regina Rakhimova, Kristina Spiridonova, Ekaterina Stolyarova, Anastasia Tatalina, Anastasia Chirtsova
Snowboard	Nikita Avtaneev, Victor Wild, Daniil Dilman, Dmitry Loginov, Anton Mamaev, Nikolai Olyunin, Dmitry Sarsembaev, Andrey Sobolev, Vladislav Khadarin, Milena Bykova, Maria Vasiltsova, Alena Zavarzina, Kristina Paul, Natalya Soboleva, Ekaterina Tudegesheva, Sofia Fedorova
Short track	Semyon Elistratov, Pavel Sitnikov, Alexander Shulginov, Ekaterina Efremenkova, Ekaterina Konstantinova, Emina Malagich, Sofia Prosvirnova
Figure skating	Dmitry Aliev, Jonathan Gureiro, Mikhail Kolyada, Vladimir Morozov, Alexei Rogonov, Dmitry Solovyov, Alexander Enbert, Kristina Astakhova, Ekaterina Bobrova, Natalia Zabiyako, Alina Zagitova, Tiffany Zagorski, Evgenia Medvedeva, Maria Sotskova, Evgenia Tarasova
	Men's team: Sergei Andronov, Alexander Barabanov, Vyacheslav Voinov, Vladislav Gavrikov, Mikhail Grigorenko, Nikita Gusev, Pavel Datsyuk, Artyom Zub, Sergei Kalinin, Andrey Zubarev, Ilya Kablukov, Kirill Kaprizov, Bogdan Kiselevich, Nikita Nesterov, Ilya Kovalchuk, Vasily Koshechkin, Alexei Marchenko , Sergey Mozyakin, Nikolai Prokhorkin, Ilya Sorokin, Dinar Khafizullin, Igor Shesterkin, Ivan Telegin, Vadim Shipachev, Sergey Shirokov Women's team: Nadezhda Alexandrova, Maria Batalova, Liana Ganeeva, Lyudmila Belyakova, Angelina Goncharenko, Elena Dergacheva, Diana Kanaeva, Evgenia Dyupina, Fanuza Kadirova, Victoria Kulishova, Ekaterina Lobova, Nadezhda Morozova, Ekaterina Nikolaeva, Anastasia Chistyakova, Ekaterina Smolina, Valeria Pavlova, Nina Pirogova , Olga Sosina, Alena Starovoitova, Valeria Tarakanova, Svetlana Tkacheva, Anna Shokhina, Alevtina Shtareva

Form of the Russian Olympic team

In 2018, our Olympians will come to the opening of the Winter Olympics in a new uniform. The Zasport sports collection includes 72 pieces of clothing for various sports, as well as the opening and closing ceremonies of the winter games.

Traditionally, the basic colors are white, blue and red, but at the same time it fully complies with the strict rules of the IOC. In particular:

colors, even in individual elements, do not add up to a tricolor;
there is no coat of arms of the Russian Federation on the clothes of athletes;
the uniform is decorated with a special Olympic emblem with the inscription Olympic Athlete From Russia.

Summer Olympic Games 2020 will be held in Tokyo (Japan) from July 24 to August 9. This decision was made at the 125th session of the International Olympic Committee in Buenos Aires. Three states fought for the right to host the 32nd Olympics in history: As a result, the IOC chose the country of the rising sun to host the grandiose sports competition.

For Japan, the 2020 Summer Olympics will be the second in history after being held in 1964 and the fourth in total, given the 1972 Winter Games in Sapporo and 1988 in Nagano. The Games in Japan will also be the second of three consecutive games to be held in East Asia, after the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang (South Korea) and the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing (China).

Opening and closing ceremony of the 2020 Olympics

The opening of the Summer Olympic Games will take place on July 24 at the new Olimpiysky stadium, which the Japanese authorities specially built for the event. The closing ceremony of the games is scheduled for August 9, at the same stadium.

The Games in Tokyo should be the most innovative in history. The official motto of the Summer Games in Japan is "Discover Tomorrow".

Stadium

Initially, the Japanese authorities planned to reconstruct the stadium that hosted the 1964 Olympics, expanding its capacity from 50,000 to 80,000 people. However, in 2015, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced that a new stadium would be built on the site of the old one, as the people of the country expressed dissatisfaction with the huge costs of dismantling the old arena.

In the same year, the design of the new stadium was chosen and a budget of $1.5 billion was set for its construction. Its capacity will vary from 60,000 to 80,000 fans, depending on the event. For the construction, mainly wood and prefabricated panels were used. After the completion of the games, the stadium can be dismantled.

Sports

In 2017, the Executive Board of the International Olympic Committee approved the program for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Thus, 33 sports will be presented at the Games in Tokyo, which will include 5 new types: surfing, karate, skateboarding, rock climbing and softball. Also at the Olympics, additional disciplines will be presented within some sports, such as BMX freestyle, Madison riding, 3v3 basketball, etc.

After being eliminated from the games program in 2008, baseball and softball will be reintroduced in Japan.

The head of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Thomas Bach, of Germany, said Tokyo's challenge is to make the games "younger, more urban and include more women."

Hosting the Olympics on its territory is not only a great honor for any state, but also a big expense. That is why, before applying for the organization of the main sports competitions of the world, one should objectively assess one's own resources. It is necessary to understand whether the state and a particular city will cope with an abundance of legal and financial difficulties by a certain time.

How is a city chosen to host the Olympics?

In order to host the 2022 Olympics on their territory, the states submitted applications indicating the city (sometimes several cities), as well as information about it. The presentation booklet contained the following key information:

Geography.
Climate and natural conditions.
Infrastructure.
Opportunities and advantages of the city.
Potential Opportunities.

At the same time, the political situation prevailing in the city and the country is also very important. On the territory of the state, mired in popular unrest, the Olympic Games will not be held.

City Selection Criteria

For a city to become a venue, you need the following:

The name should be well known to the world community. The venue for such a significant event is not necessarily the capital, it can be any major city of the state.
Suitable climatic conditions.
Availability of developed infrastructure.
Availability of necessary sports facilities.

Since the application is submitted in advance, the state has the opportunity and time, if approved, to complete the construction of all the necessary Olympic facilities. Thus, the future Olympic capital will have to build an Olympic village on its territory.

The place where the Olympics will be held

To determine the venue for the 2022 Olympics, all interested countries have submitted applications. And we present the stages of the voting in the table.

Despite the apparent simplicity, the selection procedure is very complicated, since many candidate countries are worthy of hosting guests from all over the world and presenting a grand event to the sports world.

Nowadays, it is already known where the 2022 Olympics will be held. The winner, who was honored to host the world sports community, was Beijing, the capital of China. It was this amazingly beautiful city that managed to bypass Kazakhstani Almaty in the voting and win in a difficult struggle.

Elections of the Olympic capital

To determine the capital of the Winter Olympics 2022, a session of the IOC was held (this is how the International Olympic Committee is abbreviated). And the Malaysian city of Kuala Lumpur became the venue for the secret ballot in 2015. In total, 85 people took part in choosing a city for the 2022 Olympics.

Initially, 4 more states wanted to join the fight:

Norway (Oslo);
Sweden (Stockholm);
Ukraine Lviv).

But all of them voluntarily withdrew their candidacy, citing political or financial difficulties.

Beijing - 44 votes.
Almaty - 40 votes.
Not counted - 1 vote.

The Kazakh city was only a few votes short of winning a hard-fought victory. Interestingly, Beijing's application for participation was actively supported by Chinese President Xi Jinping, who even addressed the IOC members with a short speech.

It is also known that this IOC session also determined the future capital of the 2020 Summer Olympics - it will be the Swiss city of Lausanne.

Where will the 2022 Olympics be?

Beijing has been chosen as the host of the Winter Olympics. Therefore, the competition will be held in three zones:

In Beijing itself.
In the mountainous county of Yanqing, located near the city.
150 km from the Chinese capital, in the province of Hebei, the city of Zhangjiakou.

The twenty-fourth Winter Olympic Games, as well as the twenty-third, will be held in Asia.

Interestingly, for the first time in history, both summer and winter Olympic competitions will be held in the capital of China. In 2008, Beijing hosted the Summer Olympics.

Election evaluation

The situation when only two cities reached the second stage of voting is rather unusual for the Winter Olympics, as a rule, there are at least three candidates. Only in 2006, two cities reached the finish line - Turin (Italy), which eventually won, and Sion (Switzerland).

Initially, there were 6 worthy candidates for the 2022 Olympics, but four of them were forced to withdraw from the fight. We will present the reasons for this in the table.

City	Reason for not voting
Krakow	The plans of the authorities to hold the Olympics did not coincide with the wishes of the residents. As a result, more than 60% of citizens spoke negatively in the referendum, and the application was withdrawn.
Lviv	The crisis and difficult political situation in the country deprived Ukraine of the opportunity to become a center of winter tourism and hold such a significant event on its territory.
Stockholm and Oslo	Serious contenders with developed infrastructure, ideal cities for winter competitions, were forced to withdraw their candidacies due to the government's refusal to provide financial guarantees.

The victory of Beijing was considered by many to be predictable, since Olympic facilities have already been built on the territory of the Chinese capital, which will be enough to re-equip for winter competitions, and not build from scratch, as would have been necessary if Kazakhstan had won.

Therefore, the world is looking forward to 2022, when we can see how well China has done in the difficult task entrusted to it.