Finding a place in life arguments. Literary arguments for writing an essay in the exam format
All arguments to the final essay in the direction "Purpose and means".
Is it possible to achieve a goal if the obstacles seem insurmountable? Is it possible to achieve a goal if everyone is against you? Are there unattainable goals?
Many examples in life and fiction testify that human possibilities are endless. Thus, the hero of Ruben Gallego's autobiographical novel "White on Black" is an example confirming the idea that there are no insurmountable obstacles. The protagonist of the novel is an orphan who, it seems, life has not prepared anything good for. He is sick, besides deprived of parental warmth. Even in infancy, he was separated from his mother, and he was assigned to an orphanage. His life is hard and bleak, but the brave boy impresses with his purposefulness. Despite being considered weak-minded and unable to learn, he is so passionate about conquering fate that he achieves his goal: he becomes a famous writer and an inspiration to many people. The thing is that he chooses the path of a hero: “I am a hero. It's easy to be a hero. If you have no arms or legs, you are a hero or a dead man. If you don't have parents, rely on your arms and legs. And be a hero. If you have neither arms nor legs, and you also managed to be born an orphan, that's it. You are doomed to be a hero until the end of your days. Or take a breath. I am hero. I just have no other choice." In other words, to follow this path means to be strong and not give up until you reach the goal, when the goal is life, and the achievement of the goal is the daily struggle for existence.
What is a "great goal"? What is the purpose of human existence? What goal can bring satisfaction?
A great goal is, first of all, a goal aimed at creation, at making people's lives better. In V. Aksenov's story "Colleagues" we see heroes who have yet to realize their destiny. Three friends: Alexei Maksimov, Vladislav Karpov and Alexander Zelenin, graduates of a medical institute, are waiting for distribution after graduation. They still do not fully understand how important their work is, because quite recently they lived carefree: they went to the cinema and theaters, walked, fell in love, argued about the purpose of the doctor. However, after graduation, they face real practice. Alexander Zelenin asks to be transferred to the village of Kruglogorie, he is sure that friends should continue the work of their ancestors for the sake of their descendants. Through his work, he quickly gains the respect of the locals. At this time, Alexander's friends are working at the seaport, waiting to be assigned to the ship. They are bored, they do not understand the importance of their work. However, when Zelenin is seriously injured, friends are close by. Now the life of a friend depends only on their professionalism. Maksimov and Karpov perform the most difficult operation and save Zelenin. It is at this moment that doctors realize what the great goal of their life is. They have enormous power - to pull a person out of the clutches of death. For the sake of this they chose their profession, only such a goal can bring them satisfaction.
Lack of purpose. What is the danger of an aimless existence? What is the goal for? Can a person live without a purpose? How do you understand the statement of E.A. According to “No transport will be passing if you don’t know where to go”?
Lack of purpose is the scourge of humanity. After all, it is in achieving the goal that a person comprehends life and himself, accumulates experience, develops the soul. Many heroes of literary works serve as confirmation of this. Usually, an immature person who is at the very beginning of his life path suffers from a lack of purpose. For example, Eugene, the hero of the novel of the same name in verse by A.S. Pushkin. At the beginning of the work we have a young man, devoid of interest in life. And the main problem is the aimlessness of its existence. He cannot find the peak to which he could aspire, although he tries to do so throughout the novel. At the end of the work, he, it would seem, finds a "target" - Tatyana. Here is the goal! It can be assumed that his first step was taken: he confessed his love to Tatyana, dreamed that he could win her heart. A.S. Pushkin leaves the ending open. We do not know if he will achieve his first goal, but there is always hope.
What means can not be used to achieve the goal? Does the end justify the means? Do you agree with Einstein's statement: "No goal is so lofty as to justify unworthy means to achieve it"?
Sometimes, in order to achieve their goals, people forget about the means that they choose on the way to what they want. So, one of the characters in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" Azamat wanted to get a horse that belonged to Kazbich. He was ready to offer everything that he had and what he did not own. The desire to get Karagoz won over all the feelings that were in him. Azamat, in order to achieve his goal, betrayed his family: he sold his sister to get what he wanted, fled from home, fearing punishment. His betrayal resulted in the death of his father and sister. Azamat, despite the consequences, destroyed everything that was dear to him in order to get what he so passionately desired. On his example, you can see that not all means are good for achieving the goal.
The relationship between ends and means. What is the difference between true and false purpose? In what situations in life does the achievement of a goal not bring happiness? Does achieving a goal always make a person happy?
The ratio of goals and means can be found on the pages of M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". Trying to achieve the goal, people sometimes do not understand that not all means will help them in this. One of the characters in the novel A Hero of Our Time, Grushnitsky, longed to be recognized. He sincerely believed that the position and money would help him in this. In the service, he was looking for a promotion, believing that this would solve his problems, attract the girl he was in love with. His dreams were not destined to come true, because true respect and recognition are not connected with money. The girl he sought preferred another, because love has nothing to do with social recognition and status.
What are false goals??What is the difference between true and false purpose? What is the difference between a goal and a momentary desire? When does achieving a goal not bring happiness?
When a person sets false goals for himself, their achievement does not bring satisfaction. The central character of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" has set various goals for himself all his life, hoping that their achievement will bring him joy. He falls in love with the women he likes. Using all means, he wins their hearts, but later loses interest. So, becoming interested in Bela, he decides to steal her, and then achieve the location of a wild Circassian. However, having reached the goal, Pechorin begins to get bored, her love does not bring him happiness. In the chapter "Taman" he meets a strange girl and a blind boy who are involved in smuggling. In an effort to find out their secret, he does not sleep for days and watches them. His excitement is fueled by a sense of danger, but on the way to achieving the goal, he changes people's lives. Being exposed, the girl is forced to flee and leave the blind boy and the elderly woman to fend for themselves. Pechorin does not set himself true goals, he only strives to dispel boredom, which not only leads him to disappointment, but also breaks the fate of people who are on his way.
Purpose and means / self-sacrifice. Does the end justify the means? How are the moral qualities of a person related to the means that he chooses to achieve his goals? What goal brings satisfaction?
The means can be justified by the end if it is noble, like the heroes of O. Henry's story "". Della and Jim found themselves in a difficult life situation: on Christmas Eve, they did not have the money to give each other gifts. But each of the heroes set a goal for himself: by all means to please his soul mate. So Della sold her hair to buy a watch chain for her husband, and Jim sold his watch to buy a comb. “The James Dillingham Jungs had two treasures that were their pride. One is Jim's gold watch that belonged to his father and grandfather, the other is Della's hair." The heroes of the story sacrificed the most important things in order to achieve the main goal - to please a loved one.
Is there a purpose in life? Why is there a purpose in life? Why is it important to have a purpose in life? What is the danger of an aimless existence? What is the purpose of human existence? What is the difference between true and false?
A witty satire on reality is a hallmark of O. Henry's work. In his story "" one of the most important problems of society is touched upon. The narrative is full of comedy: the main character, Mr. Towers Chandler, being an ordinary hard worker, once every 70 days allowed himself a luxurious trip to the center of Manhattan. He put on an expensive suit, hired a cab, dined in a good restaurant, posing as a rich man. Once during such a "sally" he met a modestly dressed girl named Marian. He was captivated by her beauty and invited her to dinner. During the conversation, he still pretended to be a rich man who does not have to do anything. For Marian, this lifestyle was unacceptable. Her position was obvious: every person should have aspirations, goals in life. It doesn't matter if a person is rich or poor, he should do useful work. Only later do we learn that the girl was actually rich, unlike Chandler. He naively believed that by posing as a wealthy person, not burdened with worries and labors, he could attract the attention of a beautiful stranger, that people would treat him better. But it turned out that an aimless existence not only does not attract, but also repels. O. Henry's manifesto is directed against idlers and idle people, "whose whole life passes between the drawing room and the club."
Purposefulness. Do you agree with the statement: “A person who certainly wants something forces fate to give up”? Is it possible to achieve a goal if the obstacles seem insurmountable? What is the goal for? How do you understand Balzac's saying: "In order to reach the goal, one must first of all go"? How to reach the goal?
Are there things beyond our capabilities? If not, how can you achieve your most ambitious goal? In his story "" A.P. Platonov gives answers to these questions. He tells the story of the life of a small flower, which was destined to be born between stones and clay. His whole life was a struggle with external factors that interfered with his growth and development. The brave flower “worked day and night to live and not die”, therefore it was completely different from other flowers. A special light and smell emanated from him. At the end of the work, we can see how his efforts were not in vain, we see his “son”, just as lively and patient, only even stronger, because he lived between the stones. This allegory applies to man. The goal of a person is achievable if you work, sparing no effort. If you are purposeful, you can overcome any obstacles, as well as raise children in your own image, even better. The way humanity will be depends on everyone, Do not be afraid of difficulties and give up. Strong personalities, who are characterized by purposefulness, “shine” with an unusual color in the same way as the flower of A.P. Platonov.
How does society influence the formation of goals?
From the very beginning of the story, all the thoughts of Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya and her son are directed towards one thing - the arrangement of their material well-being. Anna Mikhailovna, for the sake of this, does not shun humiliating begging, or the use of brute force (the scene with the mosaic briefcase), or intrigues, and so on. At first, Boris tries to resist the will of his mother, but over time he realizes that the laws of the society in which they live obey only one rule - the one who has power and money is right. Boris is taken to "make a career." He is not fascinated by the service to the Fatherland, he prefers service in those places where you can quickly move up the career ladder with minimal return. For him, there are neither sincere feelings (rejection of Natasha), nor sincere friendship (coldness towards the Rostovs, who did a lot for him). He subordinates even marriage to this goal (description of his “melancholic service” with Julie Karagina, declaration of love to her through disgust, etc.). In the war of the 12th year, Boris sees only court and staff intrigues and is only concerned with how to turn this to his own advantage. Julie and Boris are quite satisfied with each other: Julie is flattered by the presence of a handsome husband who has made a brilliant career; Boris needs her money.
End justifies the means? Can it be argued that in war all means are good? Is it possible to justify the great goals achieved dishonestly?
For example, in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky, the main character Rodion poses the question: “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right”? Rodion sees the poverty and troubles of the people around him, which is why he decides to kill the old pawnbroker, thinking that her money will help thousands of suffering girls and boys. Throughout the story, the hero tries to test his theory of the superman, justifying himself by the fact that the great commanders and rulers did not set themselves barriers in the form of morality on the way to great goals. Rodion turns out to be a man unable to live with the awareness of the act that he committed, therefore he admits his guilt. After some time, he realizes that the pride of the mind leads to death, thereby refuting his theory of the "superman". He sees a dream in which fanatics, confident in their rightness, killed others without accepting their truth. “People killed each other ... in senseless malice until they destroyed the human race, except for a few “chosen ones”. The fate of this hero shows us that even good intentions do not justify inhumane methods.
Can the ends justify the means? How do you understand the saying: “When the goal is reached, the path is forgotten”?
The eternal question of the relationship between ends and means is touched upon in the dystopian novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. The story is set in the distant future, a “happy” society appears before the eyes of the reader. All spheres of life are mechanized, a person no longer experiences any suffering or pain, all problems can be settled by taking a drug called soma. The whole life of people is aimed at obtaining pleasure, they are no longer tormented by the torment of choice, their life is a foregone conclusion. The concepts of "father" and "mother" do not exist, since children are raised in special laboratories, while eliminating the danger of improper development. Thanks to technology, old age is defeated, people die young and beautiful. Even death they meet cheerfully, watching TV shows, having fun and taking soma. All people in the state are happy. However, further we see the reverse side of such a life. This happiness turns out to be primitive, since in such a society strong feelings are forbidden, ties between people are destroyed. Standardization is the motto of life. Art, religion, true science are forced out and forgotten. The inconsistency of the theory of universal happiness is proved by heroes such as Bernard Marx, Gulmholtz Watson, John, who could not find a place in society, because they realized their individuality. This novel confirms the following idea: even such an important goal as universal happiness cannot be justified by such terrible methods as standardization, depriving a person of love, family. Therefore, we can say for sure that the path that will lead to happiness is also very important.
Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery(1900, Lyon, France - July 31, 1944) - famous French writer, poet and professional pilot.
A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". The Old Fox taught the Little Prince to comprehend the wisdom of human relationships. To understand a person, one must learn to peer into him, to forgive minor flaws. After all, the most important thing is always hidden inside, and you can’t see it right away.
This is the story of the accidental landing of the writer himself and his mechanic Prevost in the desert.
The symbol of life - water, quenches the thirst of people lost in the sands, the source of everything that exists on earth, the food and flesh of everyone, the substance that makes it possible to resurrect.
The dehydrated desert is a symbol of a world devastated by war, chaos, destruction, human callousness, envy and selfishness. This is a world in which a person dies of spiritual thirst.
The rose is a symbol of love, beauty, femininity. The little prince did not immediately see the true inner essence of beauty. But after talking with the Fox, the truth was revealed to him - beauty only becomes beautiful when it is filled with meaning, content.
“Love does not mean looking at each other, it means looking in the same direction” - this thought determines the ideological concept of the story-tale.
He considers the topic of Evil in two aspects: on the one hand, it is “micro evil”, that is, evil inside a single person. This is the deadness and inner emptiness of the inhabitants of the planets, which personify all human vices. And it is no coincidence that the inhabitants of the planet Earth are characterized through the inhabitants of the planets seen by the Little Prince. By this, the author emphasizes how petty and dramatic the contemporary world is. He believes that humanity, like the Little Prince, will comprehend the secret of being, and each person will find his guiding star that will illuminate his life path. The second aspect of the theme of evil can be conditionally called "macro-evil". Baobabs are a spiritualized image of evil in general. One of the interpretations of this metaphorical image is connected with fascism. Saint-Exupery wanted people to carefully uproot the evil “baobabs” that threatened to tear the planet apart. “Beware of the baobabs!” - conjures the writer.
Saint-Exupery urges us to treat everything beautiful as carefully as possible and try not to lose the beauty within ourselves on the difficult path of life - the beauty of the soul and heart.
The Little Prince learns the most important thing about the beautiful from the Fox. Outwardly beautiful, but empty inside, roses do not evoke any feelings in a contemplative child. They are dead to him. The protagonist discovers the truth for himself, the author and readers - only that which is filled with content and deep meaning is beautiful.
Misunderstanding, alienation of people is another important philosophical theme. The deadness of the human soul leads to loneliness. A person judges others only by the “outer shell”, not seeing the main thing in a person - his inner moral beauty: “When you say to adults:“ I saw a beautiful house made of pink brick, it has geraniums in the windows, and pigeons on the roofs, ”they don’t can't imagine this house. They need to be told: “I saw a house for a hundred thousand francs,” and then they exclaim: “What a beauty!”
People must take care of the cleanliness and beauty of their planet, jointly protect and decorate it, and prevent all living things from perishing. So, gradually, unobtrusively, another important topic arises in the fairy tale - ecological, which is very relevant for our time. The journey of the Little Prince from star to star brings us closer to today's vision of space, where the Earth, through the negligence of people, can disappear almost imperceptibly.
Love And another secret is revealed by the Fox to the baby: “Only the heart is vigilant. You won’t see the most important thing with your eyes... Your Rose is so dear to you because you gave her all your soul... People have forgotten this truth, but don’t forget: you are forever responsible for everyone you tamed.” To tame means to bind oneself to another being with tenderness, love, a sense of responsibility. To tame means to destroy the facelessness and indifferent attitude towards all living things. To tame means to make the world significant and generous, for everything in it reminds of a beloved being. The narrator also comprehends this truth, and for him the stars come to life, and he hears the ringing of silver bells in the sky, reminiscent of the laughter of the Little Prince. The theme of “expansion of the soul” through love runs throughout the tale.
Only friendship can melt the ice of loneliness and alienation, as it is based on mutual understanding, mutual trust and mutual assistance.
“It's sad when friends are forgotten. Not everyone has a friend,” says the hero of the tale. At the beginning of the tale, the Little Prince leaves his only Rose, then he leaves his new friend Fox on Earth. “There is no perfection in the world,” the Fox will say. But on the other hand, there is harmony, there is humanity, there is a person’s responsibility for the work entrusted to him, for the person close to him, there is also responsibility for his planet, for everything that happens on it.
Exupery wants to say that each person has his own planet, his own island and his own guiding star, which a person should not forget. “I would like to know why the stars shine,” the little prince said thoughtfully. “Probably so that sooner or later everyone can find their own again.”
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy ---1828 --- 1910 Novel "War and Peace"
Pierre (Tolstoy "V. and the World") was helped to survive in captivity by the wisdom of Platon Karataev, who taught him to live simply and appreciate what you have: the sun is shining, the rain is coming - everything is good. No need to rush, rush about in search of happiness - live and rejoice, be happy that you live. He got along with everyone, even the French.
On the example of Pierre Bezukhov and Platon Karataev L. N. Tolstoy showed two completely different types of Russian characters, two different social heroes.
The first of them is the count, who was captured by the French as an "arsonist" and, miraculously, escaped execution. The second is a simple, wise, patient soldier. Nevertheless, the soldier Platon Karataev managed to play an extremely important role in the life of Pierre Bezukhov.
After the execution of the "arsonists", which Pierre became an eyewitness, "it was as if in his soul the spring on which everything was held up was pulled out, and everything fell into a heap of senseless rubbish. Faith in the improvement of the world, and in the human soul, and in god."
The meeting in the booth with Platon Karataev helped Pierre's spiritual revival: "He felt that the previously destroyed world was now being erected in his soul with new beauty, on some new and unshakable foundations." Karataev made a huge impression on Pierre with his behavior, common sense, the expediency of actions, the ability to "do everything not very well, but not badly either." For Pierre, he became "an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth."
Bezukhov, who endured severe suffering and the fear of death, finds himself in another world. He sees how Karataev neatly arranged all his "household" in the corner, how a little dog ran up to him and began to caress. The soldier spoke of something very simple, began mumbling prayers. All these everyday words and deeds in those conditions seemed to Pierre a miracle, a great discovery of the truth of life. Pierre felt the new beauty of the recently destroyed world, received “calmness and contentment with himself”: “And he, without thinking about it, received this calm and this agreement with himself only through the horror of death, through deprivation and through what he understood in Karataev".
Karataev feels himself a part of the people: ordinary soldiers, the peasantry. His wisdom is contained in numerous proverbs and sayings, behind each of which an episode of Plato's life is guessed. For example, "where there is judgment, there is untruth." He suffered from an unfair trial, and is forced to serve in the army. However, Plato takes any twists of fate calmly, he is ready to sacrifice himself for the well-being of the family. Karataev loves every person, every living creature: he is affectionate with an ordinary stray dog, helps other prisoners, sews shirts for the French and sincerely admires his work.
Platon Karataev becomes for Pierre an example of the perception of another world, where simplicity and truth, love for humanity dominate.
The relationship between Platon Karataev and Pierre Bezukhov did not develop for long in the novel. Due to the aggravated illness, the French shot Karataev.
The soldier quietly passed away, and Pierre took Karataev's death calmly, as a matter of course.
Plato appeared next to Pierre, like a savior, at the most difficult moment of his life and left casually. But, despite this, his personality is so outstanding and the influence on the fate of Pierre is so great that Karataev cannot be simply ranked among the episodic heroes of the novel.
Not without reason, years later, Pierre often recalled him, thought about what Plato would say about this or that event, "would approve or disapprove." The meeting of these two heroes largely determined the further fate of Count Pierre Bezukhov and showed the greatest wisdom of the Russian people, embodied in the guise of a soldier Platon Karataev
THE PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel by L.N. Tostoy's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and does not have a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." Five young girls who opposed German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. Anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and endurance, showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel of the same name by Charlotte Brontë. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person she loved most when he went blind.
2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures the severity of her father. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often unnecessarily demanding of her. Mary's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev, the most important life principle was honor. Even before the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Aleksey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed a betrayal and lost his own dignity when he went over to the camp of an impostor.
2. The problem of preserving honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the protagonist are completely different. Ostap is an honest and courageous person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic nature. For the love of a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, one should always remain honest, first of all, with oneself.
THE PROBLEM OF LOYAL LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she "asks for mercy" from the Empress. Thus, at the heart of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own, helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites white-washed chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. In this, a woman sees her destiny.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows a long way to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of "permission of blood in conscience", the protagonist despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story of I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco", the American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in the family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character abandons social life, devotes herself entirely to the family. Natasha Rostova found her destiny in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY IllITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In "Letters about the good and the beautiful" D.S. Likhachev claims that a book educates a person better than any work. A well-known scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person, to form her inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach to think, make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to mankind after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply soulless, since there is no literature that can make people analyze, think, make decisions.
CHILD EDUCATION PROBLEM
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov's apathy and lack of will in adulthood.
2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the Rostov family reigns the spirit of mutual understanding, fidelity, love. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness, nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..." Smolensk doctor Janson is working tirelessly. The protagonist in any weather hurries to help the sick. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to win the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.
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THE PROBLEM OF SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet ...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers was different. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A MAN IN LOVE
1. In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to go out with weapons against his yesterday's comrades. For Andrii, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, like the main character P. Zyuskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer". Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a fragrance that inspires people to love. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to carry out his meta.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and informed the head of everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to collect information proving Nikolai Antonovich's guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov's expedition. All the actions of Chamomile are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.
2. Even deeper consequences are entailed by the act of the hero of the story V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also causes the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEPTIONAL APPEARANCE
1. In Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, does not have a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's Notre Dame Cathedral, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the protagonist is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrey Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went to reconnaissance, never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after a while, Guskov thought about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and caused the suicide of his wife Nastya. Pangs of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve "great Germany". His comrade Sotnikov, on the other hand, is an example of resilience. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during the torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE HOMELAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story "Awakened by Nightingales" writes about the difficult boy Selyuzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night, the protagonist heard the trill of a nightingale. Beautiful sounds struck the child, aroused interest in creativity. Selyuzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul, helps to reveal the creative potential.
2. Love for the native land is the main motive of the painter A.G. Venetsianov. His brush belongs to a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. "Reapers", "Zakharka", "Sleeping Shepherd" - these are my favorite canvases of the artist. The life of ordinary people, the beauty of Russia's nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers for more than two centuries with their freshness and sincerity.
THE PROBLEM OF INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care caused Oblomov's apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his way of life remained unchanged, because the way of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life of Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem "My Way" S.A. Yesenin admitted that childhood played an important role in his work. Once at the age of nine, inspired by the nature of his native village, the boy wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A LIFE PATH
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize their potential.
2.
From M. Mirsky's book "Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko" I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at the seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Entering the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev, in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful," argues that "one must live life with dignity, so as not to be ashamed to remember." With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and not indifferent person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG DEFOY
1. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish Setter. Beam the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who is having a heart attack. Along the way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog was killed. Bim can certainly be called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family has to give up their collie to other people due to financial hardship. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her away from her home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with the former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF SKILLS IN ART
1. In the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, with his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.
2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is surprisingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of the writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel "Martin Eden". The protagonist is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MENTAL STATE OF A HUMAN
1. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual purification to the sounds of Beethoven's sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after her trials. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance, find the meaning of her future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" evoke feelings in his soul that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which seemed to rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat."
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
1.
In the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son had to leave for a long time to work. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because for her nothing could be harder than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WAR ART WORKS ON HUMANS
1. In Lev Kassil's story "The Great Confrontation", Sima Krupitsyna listened every morning to news reports from the front on the radio. Once the girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF PSEUSIC SCIENCE
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes", Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician launches a struggle against genetic scientists. A number of vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the most dishonest deeds in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story "Candidate of Sciences" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and consequently, of society as a whole. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky emphasizes the need to combat pseudoscientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Station Master" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. From anguish and hopelessness, the caretaker died. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father's grave. The girl felt guilty for the caretaker's death, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna foresaw her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So K.G. Paustovsky claims that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin in the essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions of the trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Russia.
2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade-in-arms Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina's son Albert returned to the site of the death of anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE WAY OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying..." Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of disinterestedness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor hurried to help the sick every day in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor won the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" tells the story of the life of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and excite the hearts of people.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy, became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" shows the life path of a soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombardment. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE INTERNAL WORLD OF HUMAN
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, diligence, determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who succumb to feelings, but is convinced of the wrongness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are inherently contradictory.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested in real life, it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by sincerity, sincerity, and the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov's character.
THE PROBLEM OF FAIR ATTITUDE TO PEOPLE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich investigates the murder of an old pawnbroker. The investigator is a fine connoisseur of human psychology. He understands the motives for the crime of Rodion Raskolnikov and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to turn himself in. This will later serve as a mitigating circumstance in the Raskolnikov case.
2. A.P. Chekhov in the story "Chameleon" introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out because of a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov tries to decide if she deserves to be punished. Ochumelov's verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The overseer does not seek justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF INTERRELATION OF MAN AND NATURE
1. In the story of V.P. Astafieva "Tsar-fish" Ignatich has been poaching for many years. Once a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on a hook. Ignatich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself was overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: "The king of the rivers and the king of all nature are in the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inseparable connection between man and nature.
2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels herself an integral part of the world around her, knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which, it seemed, all rose from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat." Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing in military campaigns, in the field, at weddings. The Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don, the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF BOOKS SUPPOSED BY TV
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society based on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was supplanted by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”, D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because the TV distracts from worries, makes you slowly watch some program. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to humans, because television “dictates how to watch and what to watch”, makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous, unspiritual. Only Matryona retained a sense of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which should be flooded. It is hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they have spent their entire lives, where their ancestors are buried. The end of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which for centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem "The Poet and the Crowd" calls that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity "dumb mob". According to the crowd, the poems are in the public interest. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the main goal of the poet is not popular recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "Out loud" sees the poet's mission in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be abandoned for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF A TEACHER ON STUDENTS
1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna - a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lidia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. In addition to studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and compassion.
2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince", the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, telling about love, friendship, responsibility, fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only the heart is vigilant.” So Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO ORPHAN CHILDREN
1. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all the remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life's difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. In the story of G. Belykh and L. Panteleev "Republic of ShKID" the life of students of the school of social and labor education for homeless children and juvenile delinquents is depicted. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and went on the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should treat orphans with attention, create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF A WOMAN IN WWII
1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five young anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to oppose the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, along with men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story of V.A. Zakrutkina "The Mother of Man" shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her whole family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria left seven Leningrad orphans, replaced their mother. The story of V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” ironically writes about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings clogs the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story "Lyudochka" connects changes in the language with a drop in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is littered with criminal jargon, which reflects the troubles of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right life path and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In E. Grishkovets's story "Darwin", the protagonist, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do all his life. He realizes the "uselessness of what is happening" and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture when he watches a play played by students. A young man lives with a firm conviction that the profession should be useful, bring pleasure.
What is the problem of finding the meaning of life and I will consider the arguments especially for the readers of “Popular about Health”. Many people wonder why a person is born, lives his life, and then dies. Usually such a question is visited even in childhood, but over time, it gradually subsides, as a person plunges into life's problems and he is no longer up to philosophizing.
However, even in adulthood, many people still have this question. But someone is not looking for an answer to the question, but someone is vice versa. If a person spends all the time in search of the meaning of life, then, probably, he will not live fully all this time either. Nevertheless, many are interested in whether life on Earth is really given only in order to give birth to their offspring in order to sleep, eat, go to work, solve endless life problems and only sometimes relax? The life of many people proceeds in this way, when there are more problems than joyful moments. If a person were shown his future life from the very beginning, then many people would not have a desire to be born, for the sake of a meager amount of happiness.
But life is arranged differently and we are not allowed to see what fate awaits a person. Almost all the literature of the world strives to give a person an answer to the philosophical question "What is the meaning of life"? The life values of each person can be called those ideas and ideas that become the main ones for him in life, the determining ones that he wants to achieve at all costs. Usually in society it is customary to single out the values of the spiritual plane and the material. Based on them, a person begins to build his life, his relationships with colleagues at work, with his family and just with people in society.
So the life values of some representatives of the “Famusian society” were big money, connections with persons higher in rank, as well as power and everything that is specifically connected with these concepts. At the same time, in order to achieve them, people stop at nothing; in pursuit of them, a person can show all his lowest and most disgusting character traits: meanness, hypocrisy, he boldly deceives, can curry favor with his superiors for the sake of his own achievements.
All these are the tricks of Famusov and his ilk to achieve their goal by any means. Therefore, they hate the freedom-loving ideals of Chatsky to the maximum extent. His increased desire to become useful to society, his great desire to bring educational ideas to the masses, his desire to achieve great success in life only thanks to knowledge cause them genuine irritation and misunderstanding to such an extent that it is better for them to declare him crazy than to try to somehow penetrate in his mind.
The meaning of life for Natasha Rostova is seen in the family, in love for loved ones. She practically never happens in the world, after her wedding with Pierre, she gives herself only to her beloved husband and children. But Natasha's mercy easily extends not only to the family. She actively chooses to help wounded soldiers who are temporarily in Moscow after the Battle of Borodino.
She is well aware that they do not have the strength to get out of the city, which will include Napoleon's troops, in this regard, she asks her parents without regret to give the wagons to these wounded, which are designed to transport many things from their home. But a completely different choice is made by Berg, who is the son-in-law of the Rostov family. For him, the main moment is now coming - to cash in, to buy things at a bargain price, which the owners sell for almost nothing. He visits the Rostovs with only a single request that they give him a cart and men who will load the chiffonier and cabinets he likes.
The gentleman from San Francisco, from Bunin's story, is a kind of rich man whose goal is identical to the goals of many people: to earn huge capital, successfully marry a beautiful lady, have many children and go to another world at a respectable age. The existence of such a person is monotonous, without any emotional outbursts, he has no doubts, no mental anguish.
Death overtakes this gentleman unexpectedly, but it is like a litmus test that reveals the full value of his life. It is symbolic that at the beginning of a sea voyage he travels in a luxurious first-class cabin, then he returns forgotten by everyone, he swims in a polluted hold, where clams and shrimps settled next to him as neighbors.
Thus, the writer Bunin equates the value of a person with creatures that have been eating plankton all their lives. Thus, the fate of this gentleman from the city of San Francisco and those like him vividly reflects the whole meaninglessness of human existence, the emptiness of life. When life is lived without spiritual upheavals, without any doubts, moreover, without ups and downs, lived for the sole purpose of satisfying one's personal interests and the needs of the material plane, it becomes insignificant. And the logical conclusion of such a life is a quick oblivion.
Ilya Oblomov is a good and kind person, but he was never able to overcome himself, he failed to reveal his best features. When a person does not have a lofty goal in life, this leads him to moral death. Therefore, even love could not save him. In Gorky's well-known play "At the Bottom", the writer shows the drama of "former people" who, due to the life situation, have lost their strength to fight. They hope for good changes, they understand that they need to live better, but, in fact, they do nothing to change their fate in any way. It is no coincidence that the beginning of the action of the play takes place in a rooming house and ends there.
Literary arguments for writing - reasoning. USE, Russian.
1) What is the meaning of life?
1. The author writes about the meaning of life, and Eugene Onegin comes to mind in the novel of the same name by A.S. Pushkin. Bitter is the fate of the one who has not found his place in life! Onegin - a gifted man, one of the best people of that time, but he did nothing but evil - he killed a friend, brought misfortune to Tatyana who loved him:
Having lived without a goal, without labor
Until the age of twenty-six
Languishing in the idleness of leisure,
No service, no wife, no business
Couldn't do anything.
2. People who have not found the purpose of life are unhappy. Pechorin in "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov is active, smart, resourceful, observant, but all his actions are random, activity is fruitless, and he is unhappy, none of the manifestations of his will has a deep purpose. The hero bitterly asks himself: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?
3. Throughout his life, Pierre Bezukhov tirelessly searched for himself and the true meaning of life. After painful trials, he became able not only to reflect on the meaning of life, but also to perform specific actions that require will and determination. In the epilogue of Leo Tolstoy's novel, we meet Pierre, who is carried away by the ideas of Decembrism, protests against the existing social system and fights for the just life of the very people, of which he feels himself a part. According to Tolstoy, in this organic combination of the personal and the national, there is both the meaning of life and happiness.
2) Fathers and children. Upbringing.
1. It seems that Bazarov is a positive character in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Clever, bold, independent in judgment, an advanced person of his time, but readers are confused by his attitude towards his parents, who love their son madly, but he is deliberately rude to them. Yes, Eugene practically does not communicate with the elderly. How sad they are! And only to Odintsova did he say beautiful words about his parents, but the old people did not hear them themselves.
2. In general, the problem of "fathers" and "children" is typical for Russian literature. In the drama of A.N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”, it acquires a tragic sound, as young people who want to live with their own minds emerge from blind obedience to the house-building.
And in the novel by I.S. Turgenev, the generation of children in the person of Yevgeny Bazarov is already resolutely going his own way, sweeping away established authorities. And the contradictions between the two generations are often painful.
3) Insolence. Rudeness. behavior in society.
1. Human incontinence, disrespectful attitude towards others, rudeness and rudeness are directly related to improper upbringing in the family. Therefore, Mitrofanushka in D.I. Fonvizin’s comedy “Undergrowth” speaks unforgivable, rude words. In the house of Mrs. Prostakova, rude abuse, beatings are a common occurrence. Here mother says to Pravdin: “... now I scold, now I fight; That's how the house holds up."
2. Famusov appears before us as a rude, ignorant person in A. Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit". He is rude to dependent people, speaks grouchily, rudely, calls servants in every possible way, regardless of their age.
3. You can bring the image of the mayor from the comedy "The Government Inspector". A positive example: A. Bolkonsky.
4) The problem of poverty, social inequality.
1. With stunning realism, F.M. Dostoevsky depicts the world of Russian reality in the novel "Crime and Punishment". It shows the social injustice, hopelessness, spiritual impasse that gave rise to the absurd theory of Raskolnikov. The heroes of the novel are poor people, humiliated by society, the poor are everywhere, suffering is everywhere. Together with the author, we feel pain for the fate of children. To stand up for the disadvantaged - that's what ripens in the minds of readers when they get acquainted with this work.
5) The problem of mercy.
1. It seems that from all the pages of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" destitute people ask us for help: Katerina Ivanovna, her children, Sonya ... The sad picture of the image of a humiliated person appeals to our mercy and compassion: "Love your neighbor …” The author believes that a person must find his way “to the realm of light and thought”. He believes that the time will come when people will love each other. He claims that beauty will save the world.
2. In the preservation of compassion for people, a merciful and patient soul, the moral height of a woman is revealed in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin Dvor". In all degrading ordeals, Matryona remains sincere, sympathetic, ready to help, able to rejoice in someone else's happiness. This is the image of the righteous, the keeper of spiritual values. This is without it, according to the proverb, "there is no village, city, all our land"
6) The problem of honor, duty, feat.
1. When you read about how Andrei Bolkonsky was mortally wounded, you experience horror. He did not rush forward with the banner, he simply did not lie down on the ground like the others, but continued to stand, knowing that the core would explode. Bolkonsky could not help it. He, with his sense of honor and duty, noble valor, did not want to do otherwise. There are always people who cannot run, be silent, hide from dangers. They die before others, because they are better. And their death is not meaningless: it gives birth to something in the souls of people, something very important.
7) The problem of happiness.
1. L.N. Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" brings us, readers, to the idea that happiness is not expressed in wealth, not in nobility, not in glory, but in love, all-consuming and all-encompassing. Such happiness cannot be taught. Prince Andrei before his death defines his state as “happiness”, which is in the intangible and external influences of the soul, - “the happiness of love” ... The hero seems to return to the time of pure youth, to the ever-living springs of natural being.
2. To be happy, you need to remember five simple rules. 1. Free your heart from hatred - forgive. 2. Free your heart from worries - most of them do not come true. 3. Lead a simple life and appreciate what you have. 4. Give back more. 5. Expect less.
8) My favorite work.
They say that every person in his life should raise a son, build a house, plant a tree. It seems to me that in the spiritual life no one can do without Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. I think this book creates in the soul of a person that necessary moral foundation on which one can already build a temple of spirituality. The novel is an encyclopedia of life; the fates and experiences of the heroes are relevant to this day. The author encourages us to learn from the mistakes of the characters in the work and live a “real life”.
9) Friendship.
Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" are people of "crystal honest, crystal soul." They constitute the spiritual elite, the moral core to the "marrow of the bones" of a rotten society. These are friends, they are connected by liveliness of character and soul. Both hate the "carnival masks" of high society, complement each other and become necessary to each other, despite the fact that they are so different. Heroes seek and learn the truth - such a goal justifies the value of their lives and friendship.
10) Faith in God. Christian motives.
1. In the image of Sonya, F.M. Dostoevsky personifies the “Man of God”, who in the cruel world has not lost his connection with God, the passionate desire for “Life in Christ”. In the terrifying world of Crime and Punishment, this girl is a moral light beam that warms the criminal's heart. Rodion heals his soul and returns to life with Sonya. It turns out that without God there is no life. So thought Dostoevsky, so Gumilyov later wrote:
2. The heroes of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" read the parable of the resurrection of Lazarus. Through Sonya, the prodigal son - Rodion returns to real life and God. Only at the end of the novel does he see "morning", and under his pillow lies the Gospel. Biblical stories became the basis of the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. The poet Nikolai Gumilyov has wonderful words:
There is God, there is the world, they live forever;
And the life of people is instantaneous and miserable,
But everything is contained by a person,
Who loves the world and believes in God.
11) Patriotism.
1. True patriots in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" do not think about themselves, they feel the need for their own contribution and even sacrifice, but do not expect a reward for this, because they carry in their souls a genuine holy feeling of the Motherland.
Pierre Bezukhov gives his money, sells the estate in order to equip the regiment. True patriots were also those who left Moscow, not wanting to submit to Napoleon. Petya Rostov rushes to the front, because "the Fatherland is in danger." Russian peasants, dressed in soldier's overcoats, fiercely resist the enemy, because the feeling of patriotism is sacred and inalienable for them.
2. In Pushkin's poetry we find sources of the purest patriotism. His "Poltava", "Boris Godunov", all appeals to Peter the Great, "slanderers of Russia", his poem dedicated to the Borodino anniversary, testify to the depth of popular feeling and the strength of patriotism, enlightened and sublime.
12) Family.
We, readers, are especially sympathetic to the Rostov family in L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", whose behavior shows high nobility of feelings, kindness, even rare generosity, naturalness, closeness to the people, moral purity and integrity. The feeling of the family, which the Rostovs sacredly take in peaceful life, will turn out to be historically significant during the Patriotic War of 1812.
13) Conscience.
1. Probably, we, readers, least of all expected from Dolokhov in L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" an apology to Pierre on the eve of the Battle of Borodino. In moments of danger, during a period of general tragedy, conscience awakens in this tough person. This surprised Bezukhov. We, as it were, see Dolokhov from the other side, and once again we will be surprised when he, with other Cossacks and hussars, releases a party of prisoners, where Pierre will be, when he will hardly speak when he sees Petya lying motionless. Conscience is a moral category, without it it is impossible to imagine a real person.
2. Conscientious means a decent, honest person, endowed with a sense of dignity, justice, kindness. The one who lives in harmony with his conscience is calm and happy. Unenviable is the fate of the one who missed it for the sake of momentary gain or renounced it out of personal egoism.
3. It seems to me that the issues of conscience and honor for Nikolai Rostov in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" are the moral essence of a decent person. Having lost a lot of money to Dolokhov, he promises himself to return it to his father, who saved him from dishonor. And once Rostov surprised me when he entered into an inheritance and accepted all the debts of his father. This is usually done by people of honor and duty, people with a developed sense of conscience.
4. The best features of Grinev from A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", due to upbringing, appear in moments of severe trials and help him get out of difficult situations with honor. In the conditions of rebellion, the hero retains humanity, honor and loyalty to himself, he risks his life, but does not deviate from the dictates of duty, refusing to swear allegiance to Pugachev and make compromises.
14) Education. Its role in human life.
1. A.S. Griboyedov, under the guidance of experienced teachers, received a good initial education, which he continued at Moscow University. The writer's contemporaries were struck by the level of his education. He graduated from three faculties (the verbal department of the philosophical faculty, natural-mathematical and law faculties) and received the academic title of candidate of these sciences. Griboyedov studied Greek, Latin, English, French and German, and was fluent in Arabic, Persian and Italian. Alexander Sergeevich was fond of the theater. He was one of the finest writers and diplomats.
2.M.Yu. Lermontov, we refer to the number of great writers of Russia and the progressive noble intelligentsia. He was called a revolutionary romantic. Although Lermontov left the university because the leadership found his stay there undesirable, the poet was distinguished by a high level of self-education. He began to write poetry early, drew beautifully, played music. Lermontov constantly developed his talent and left a rich creative heritage to his descendants.
15) Officials. Power.
1.I.Krylov, N.V.Gogol, M.E.Saltykov-Shchedrin in their works ridiculed those officials who humiliate their subordinates and please their superiors. Writers condemn them for rudeness, indifference to the people, embezzlement and bribery. No wonder Shchedrin is called the prosecutor of public life. His satire was full of sharp journalistic content.
2. In the comedy The Inspector General, Gogol showed the officials inhabiting the city - the embodiment of the passions rampant in it. He denounced the entire bureaucratic system, depicted a vulgar society plunged into general deception. Officials are far from the people, they are busy only with material well-being. The writer not only exposes their abuses, but also shows that they have acquired the character of a "disease". Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Bobchinsky, Strawberry and other characters are ready to humiliate themselves in front of the authorities, but they do not consider ordinary petitioners to be people.
3.Our society has switched to a new round of management, so the order has changed in the country, the fight against corruption, checks are being carried out. It is sad to recognize in many modern officials and politicians an emptiness covered with indifference. Gogol's types have not disappeared. They exist in a new guise, but with the same emptiness and vulgarity.
16) Intelligence. Spirituality.
1. I evaluate an intelligent person by his ability to behave in society and spirituality. Andrei Bolkonsky in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is my favorite character who can be imitated by young men of our generation. He is smart, educated, intelligent. He has such character traits that make up spirituality, such as a sense of duty, honor, patriotism, mercy. Andrey is disgusted by the world with its pettiness and falseness. It seems to me that the feat of the prince is not only that he rushed with a banner to the enemy, but also that he deliberately abandoned false values, choosing compassion, kindness and love.
2. In the comedy "The Cherry Orchard" A.P. Chekhov denies intelligence to people who do nothing, are not capable of work, do not read anything serious, they only talk about the sciences, but understand little in art. He believes that humanity should improve its strength, work hard, help the suffering, strive for moral purity.
3. Andrei Voznesensky has wonderful words: “There is a Russian intelligentsia. Do you think no? There is!"
17) Mother. Motherhood.
1. With trepidation and excitement, A.I. Solzhenitsyn recalled his mother, who sacrificed a lot for the sake of her son. Persecuted by the authorities because of her husband's "White Guard", her father's "former wealth", she could not work in an institution where they paid well, although she knew foreign languages very well, studied shorthand and typewriting. The great writer is grateful to his mother for the fact that she did everything to instill in him versatile interests, to give him a higher education. In his memory, his mother remained a model of universal moral values.
2. V.Ya. Bryusov connects the theme of motherhood with love and composes an enthusiastic glorification of a woman-mother. Such is the humanistic tradition of Russian literature: the poet believes that the movement of the world, of humanity comes from a woman - a symbol of love, self-sacrifice, patience and understanding.
18) Labor is laziness.
Valery Bryusov created a hymn to labor, which also contains such passionate lines:
And the right place in life
Only to those whose days are in labor:
Only to the workers - glory,
Only to them - a wreath for centuries!
19) The theme of love.
Every time Pushkin wrote about love, his soul was enlightened. In the poem: "I loved you ..." the poet's feeling is disturbing, love has not cooled down yet, it lives in him. Light sadness is caused by an unrequited strong feeling. He confesses to his beloved, and how strong and noble his impulses are:
I loved you silently, hopelessly,
Either shyness or jealousy torment ...
The nobility of the poet's feelings, colored with light and subtle sadness, is expressed simply and directly, warmly and, as always with Pushkin, charmingly musically. This is the true power of love, which opposes vanity, indifference, dullness!
20) Purity of language.
1. Over its history, Russia has experienced three eras of clogging the Russian language. The first happened under Peter 1, when there were more than three thousand marine terms of foreign words alone. The second era came with the 1917 revolution. But the darkest time for our language is the endXX- StartXXIcenturies, when we have witnessed the degradation of the language. What is worth only one phrase that sounds on television: “Do not slow down - snickers!” Americanisms have overwhelmed our speech. I am sure that the purity of speech must be strictly monitored, it is necessary to eradicate clericalism, jargon, an abundance of foreign words that crowd out beautiful, correct literary speech, which is the standard of Russian classics.
2. Pushkin did not have a chance to save the Fatherland from enemies, but it was given to decorate, elevate and glorify his language. The poet extracted unheard-of sounds from the Russian language and "hit the hearts" of readers with unknown force. Centuries will pass, but these poetic treasures will remain for posterity in all the charm of their beauty and will never lose their strength and freshness:
I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,
How God forbid you be loved to be different!
21) Nature. Ecology.
1. For the poetry of I. Bunin, a careful attitude to nature is characteristic, he worries about hercprotection, for purity, therefore, in his lyrics there are many bright, rich colors of love and hope. Nature feeds the poet with optimism, through her images he expresses his philosophy of life:
My spring will pass, and this day will pass,
But it's fun to wander around and know that everything passes
Meanwhile, as the happiness of living forever will not die ...
In the poem "Forest Road" nature is a source of happiness and beauty for a person.
2. The book by V. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" consists of many essays, stories and short stories. The chapters "Dream of the White Mountains" and "King-Fish" describe the interaction of man with nature. The writer bitterly names the reason for the destruction of nature - this is the spiritual impoverishment of man. His combat with the fish has a sad outcome. In general, in his reasoning about man and the world around him, Astafiev concludes that nature is a temple, and man is a part of nature, and therefore is obliged to protect this common home for all living things, to preserve its beauty.
3. Accidents at nuclear power plants affect the inhabitants of entire continents, even the entire Earth. They have long-term consequences. Many years ago, the worst man-made disaster occurred - the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The territories of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia suffered the most. The consequences of the disaster are global. For the first time in the history of mankind, an industrial accident has reached such a scale that its consequences can be found anywhere in the world. Many people received terrible doses of radiation and died a painful death. Chernobyl pollution continues to cause an increase in mortality among the population of all ages. Cancer is one of the typical manifestations of the consequences of radiation exposure. The accident at the nuclear power plant led to a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in mortality, genetic disorders ... People should remember Chernobyl for the sake of the future, be aware of the danger of radiation and do everything so that such disasters never happen again.
22) The role of art .
My contemporary, poet and prose writer Elena Takho-Godi, wrote about the influence of art on a person:
And you can live without Pushkin
And without the music of Mozart too -
Without everything that is spiritually dearer,
No doubt you can live.
Even better, calmer, easier
Without absurd passions and anxieties
And safer, of course,
But how to make this deadline? ..
23) About our smaller brothers .
1. I immediately remembered the amazing story “Tame Me”, where Yulia Drunina talks about the unfortunate, trembling from hunger, fear and cold, an unneeded animal in the market, which somehow immediately turned into a domestic idol. He was joyfully worshiped by the whole family of the poetess. In another story, the title of which is symbolic - "In response to all whom she has tamed", she will say that the attitude towards "our smaller brothers", towards creatures that are completely dependent on us, is a "touchstone" for each of us .
2. In many works of Jack London, man and animals (dogs) go through life side by side and help each other in all situations. When you are the only representative of the human race for hundreds of kilometers of snowy silence, there is no better and more devoted assistant than a dog, and besides, unlike a person, it is not capable of lies and betrayal.
24) Motherland. Small home.
Each of us has our own small homeland - the place from which our first perception of the world begins, the comprehension of love for the country. The poet Sergei Yesenin has the most precious memories associated with the Ryazan village: with the blue that fell into the river, the raspberry field, the birch grove, where he experienced “lake melancholy” and aching sadness, where he overheard the cry of the oriole, the conversation of sparrows, the rustle of grass. And I immediately imagined that beautiful dewy morning that the poet met in childhood and which gave him a holy “feeling of the homeland”:
Weaved over the lake
Scarlet light of dawn...
25) Historical memory.
1.A. Tvardovsky wrote:
The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls out to people.
Come on people never
Let's not forget about it.
2. The works of many poets are dedicated to the people's feat in the Great Patriotic War. The memory of the experience does not die. A.T. Tvardovsky writes that the blood of the fallen was not shed in vain: the survivors must keep the peace so that the descendants live happily on earth:
I bequeath in that life
you happy to be
And motherland
Thanks to them, the heroes of the war, we live in peace. The Eternal Flame burns, reminding us of the lives given for the motherland.
26) Beauty.
Sergei Yesenin in his lyrics sings of everything beautiful. Beauty for him is peace and harmony, nature and love for the motherland, tenderness for his beloved: “How beautiful the Earth and the man on it!”
People will never be able to overcome the sense of beauty in themselves, because the world will not change endlessly, but there will always be something that pleases the eye and excites the soul. We freeze with delight, listening to eternal music born of inspiration, admiring nature, reading poetry... And we love, worship, dream of something mysterious and beautiful. Beauty is everything that gives happiness.
27) Philistinism.
1. In the satirical comedies "Klop" and "Bath" V. Mayakovsky ridicules such vices as philistinism and bureaucracy. In the future, there is no place for the protagonist of the play "The Bedbug". Mayakovsky's satire has a sharp focus, reveals the shortcomings that exist in any society.
2. In the story of the same name by A.P. Chekhov, Jonah is the personification of a passion for money. We see the impoverishment of his spirit, the physical and spiritual "renunciation". The writer told us about the loss of personality, the irreparable waste of time - the most valuable asset of human life, about personal responsibility to oneself and society. Memories of credit papers hewith such pleasure he takes it out of his pockets in the evenings, extinguishing in him feelings of love and kindness.
28) Great people. Talent.
1. Omar Khayyam is a great, brilliantly educated person who lived an intellectually rich life. His rubaiyat is the story of the ascent of the poet's soul to the high truth of being. Khayyam is not only a poet, but also a master of prose, a philosopher, a truly great person. He died, and his star has been shining in the “firmament” of the human spirit for almost a thousand years, and its light, alluring and mysterious, does not grow dim, but, on the contrary, becomes brighter:
Be I the Creator, the Ruler of heights,
Would incinerate the old firmament.
And I would pull on a new one, under which
Envy does not sting, anger does not scurry.
2. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn is the honor and conscience of our era. He was a participant in the Great Patriotic War, was awarded for the heroism shown in battles. For disapproving remarks about Lenin and Stalin, he was arrested and sentenced to eight years in labor camps. In 1967, he sent an open letter to the Congress of Writers of the USSR calling for an end to censorship. He, a famous writer, was persecuted. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The years of recognition were difficult, but he returned to Russia, wrote a lot, his journalism is considered to be a moral sermon. Solzhenitsyn is rightly considered a fighter for freedom and human rights, a politician, an ideologist, a public figure who served the country honestly, selflessly. His best works are The Gulag Archipelago, Matryonin Dvor, The Cancer Ward...
29) The problem of material support. Wealth.
The universal measure of all the values of many people, unfortunately, has recently become money, a passion for hoarding. Of course, for many citizens this is the personification of well-being, stability, reliability, security, even a guarantor of love and respect - no matter how paradoxical it sounds.
For such as Chichikov in N.V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" and many Russian capitalists, it was not difficult at first to "curry favor", flatter, give bribes, be "pushed around", then to "push around" themselves and take bribes, live luxuriously .
30) Freedom-non-freedom.
I read E. Zamyatin's novel "We" in one breath. Here one can trace the idea of what can happen to a person, society, when they, obeying an abstract idea, voluntarily renounce freedom. People turn into an appendage of the machine, into cogs. Zamyatin showed the tragedy of overcoming the human in a person, the loss of a name as the loss of one's own "I".
31) The problem of time .
During the long creative life of L.N. Tolstoy was constantly running out of time. His working day began at dawn. The writer absorbed the morning smells, saw the sunrise, awakening and .... created. He tried to be ahead of time, warning mankind against moral catastrophes. This wise classic either kept pace with the times, or was one step ahead of it. Tolstoy's work is still in demand all over the world: Anna Karenina, War and Peace, Kreutzer Sonata...
32) Morality.
It seems to me that my soul is a flower that leads me through life so that I live according to my conscience, and the spiritual power of a person is that luminous matter that is woven by the world of my sun. We must live according to the commandments of Christ in order for humanity to be humane. To be moral, you need to work hard on yourself:
And God is silent
For a grave sin
Because they doubted God
He punished everyone with love,
What would have learned to believe in agony.
33) Space.
Hypostasis of T.I. Tyutchev is the world of Copernicus, Columbus, a daring personality, going out to the abyss. This is what makes the poet close to me, a man of the age of unheard-of discoveries, scientific daring, and the conquest of the cosmos. He instills in us a sense of the infinity of the world, its greatness and mystery. The value of a person is determined by the ability to admire and be amazed. Tyutchev was endowed with this "cosmic feeling" like no other.
34 Favorite city.
In the poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva, Moscow is a majestic city. In the poem "Over the blue of the groves near Moscow ....." the ringing of Moscow bells pours like a balm on the soul of the blind. This city is sacred for Tsvetaeva. She confesses to him the love that she absorbed, it seems, with her mother's milk, and passed it on to her own children:
And you do not know that the dawn in the Kremlin
Breathe easier than anywhere else on earth!
35) Love for the Motherland.
In the poems of S. Yesenin, we feel the complete unity of the lyrical hero with Russia. The poet himself will say that the feeling of the Motherland is the main thing in his work. Yesenin does not doubt the need for changes in life. He believes in future events that will wake dormant Russia. Therefore, he created such works as "Transfiguration", "O Russia, flap your wings":
Oh Russia, flap your wings,
Put another support!
With other names
Another steppe rises.
36) Historical memory.
1. “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy, “Sotnikov” and “Obelisk” by V. Bykov - all these works are united by the theme of war, it bursts into an inevitable disaster, dragging into the bloody whirlpool of events. Its horror and senselessness, bitterness was clearly shown by Leo Tolstoy in his novel "War and Peace". The writer's favorite heroes are aware of the insignificance of Napoleon, whose invasion was only the entertainment of an ambitious man who found himself on the throne as a result of a palace coup. In contrast, he is shown the image of Kutuzov, who was guided in this war by other motives. He fought not for glory and wealth, but for the sake of loyalty to the Fatherland and duty.
2. 68 years of the Great Victory separate us from the Great Patriotic War. But time does not reduce interest in this topic, draws the attention of my generation to the distant front-line years, to the origins of the courage and feat of the Soviet soldier - a hero, a liberator, a humanist. When the cannons thundered, the muses were not silent. While instilling love for the Motherland, literature also instilled hatred for the enemy. And this contrast carried the highest justice, humanism. The golden fund of Soviet literature included such works created during the war years as “The Russian Character” by A. Tolstoy, “The Science of Hatred” by M. Sholokhov, “The Unsubdued” by B. Gorbaty ...
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