The idea of the information society and the stages of development of information technologies. Building an information society and the concept of informatization The history of the development of the information services market

In the history of the development of civilization, there have been several information revolutions - transformations of social relations due to fundamental changes in the field of information processing. The consequence of such transformations was the acquisition of a new quality by human society.

First revolution associated with the invention of writing, which led to a gigantic qualitative and quantitative leap. It became possible to transfer knowledge from generation to generation.

Second(mid-16th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which radically changed industrial society, culture, and the organization of activities.

Third(the end of the 19th century) is due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone, radio appeared, allowing you to quickly transfer and accumulate information in any volume.

Fourth(70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the advent of the personal computer. Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) are created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. This period is characterized by three fundamental innovations: the transition from mechanical and electrical means of information conversion to electronic ones; miniaturization of all nodes, devices, devices, machines; creation of software-controlled devices and processes (Fig. 1.1, 1.2).

Rice. 1.1. The evolution of storage media

Fig.1.2. The evolution of the media

In 50 years, four generations of computers have changed. Each generation of computers is characterized by an element base and software.

1st generation(early 50s). Element base - electronic lamps. Computers were distinguished by large dimensions, high energy consumption, low speed, low reliability, programming in codes.

2nd generation(since the end of the 50s). Element base - semiconductor elements. All technical characteristics have improved in comparison with the computers of the previous generation. Algorithmic languages are used for programming.

3rd generation(early 60s). Element base - integrated circuits, multilayer printed wiring. A sharp decrease in the dimensions of computers, an increase in their reliability, an increase in productivity. Access from remote terminals.

4th generation(since the mid 70s). Element base - microprocessors, large integrated circuits. Improved specifications. Mass production of personal computers. Directions of development: powerful multiprocessor computing systems with high performance, creation of cheap microcomputers.

5th generation(since the mid-80s). The development of intelligent computers began, with no success so far. Introduction to all areas of computer networks and their association, the use of distributed data processing, the widespread use of computer information technologies.

The latest information revolution is bringing to the fore a new industry - information industry associated with the production of technical means, methods, technologies for the production of new knowledge. All types of information technologies, especially telecommunications, are becoming the most important components of the information industry. Modern information technology is based on advances in computer technology and communications. The complication of industrial production, social, economic and political life, the change in the dynamics of processes in all spheres of human activity have led, on the one hand, to an increase in the need for knowledge, and on the other hand, to the creation of new means and ways to meet these needs. The rapid development of computer technology and information technology served as an impetus for the development of a society built on the use of various information and called the information society.

Japanese scientists believe that in the information society, the process of computerization will give people access to reliable sources of information, save them from routine work, and provide a high level of automation of information processing in the industrial and social spheres. The driving force behind the development of society should be the production of information, not a material product.

Information society- a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge. In the real practice of the development of science and technology in advanced countries at the end of the 20th century. the picture of the information society created by theorists is gradually acquiring visible outlines. The transformation of the entire world space into a single computerized and informational community of people living in apartments and cottages equipped with all kinds of electronic devices and computerized devices is predicted. The activities of people will be concentrated mainly on the processing of information, and material production and energy production will be entrusted to machines.

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The idea of the information society the role of informatization in the development of society

What is the process of informatization of society

The activities of individuals, groups, teams and organizations now increasingly begin to depend on their awareness and ability to effectively use the available information. Before taking any action, it is necessary to do a lot of work on collecting and processing information, its comprehension and analysis. Finding rational solutions in any area requires the processing of large amounts of information, which is sometimes impossible without the involvement of special technical means.

The increase in the volume of information became especially noticeable in the middle of the 20th century. An avalanche-like flow of information poured over a person, not giving him the opportunity to fully perceive this information. In the daily emerging new stream of information, it became increasingly difficult to navigate. Sometimes it has become more profitable to create a new material or intellectual product than to search for an analogue made earlier. The formation of large flows of information is due to:

the extremely rapid growth in the number of documents, reports, dissertations, reports, etc., in which the results of scientific research and experimental design work are presented;

the ever-increasing number of periodicals in the market areas of human activity;

the emergence of various data (meteorological, geophysical, medical, economic, etc.), usually recorded on magnetic tapes and therefore not falling within the scope of the communication system.

The role and importance of information revolutions

The first revolution was associated with the invention of writing, which led to a gigantic qualitative and quantitative leap. It became possible to transfer knowledge from generation to generation.

The second (mid-16th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which radically changed industrial society, culture, and the organization of activities.

The third (the end of the 19th century) is due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone, and radio appeared, which made it possible to quickly transmit and accumulate information in any volume.

The fourth one (70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the advent of the personal computer. Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) were created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. This period is characterized by three fundamental innovations:

transition from mechanical and electrical means of information conversion to electronic ones;

miniaturization of all nodes, devices, devices, machines;

creation of software-controlled devices and processes.

To create a more holistic view of this period, it is advisable to know

check with the information below on the change of generations of electronic computers (computers) and compare this information with the stages in the processing and transmission of information.

Information about the change of computer generations. 1st generation (early 50s). Element base - electronic lamps. Computers were distinguished by large dimensions, high energy consumption, low speed, low reliability, programming in codes.

2nd generation (since the end of the 50s). Elemental baa - semiconductor elements. All technical characteristics have improved in comparison with the computers of the previous generation. Algorithmic languages are used for programming.

3rd generation (beginning of bo-x). Element base - integrated circuits, multilayer printed wiring. A sharp decrease in the dimensions of computers, an increase in their reliability, an increase in productivity. Access from remote terminals.

4th generation (since the mid-70s). Elemental bma - microprocessors, large integrated circuits. Improved specifications. Mass production of personal computers. Directions of development: powerful multiprocessor computing systems with high performance, creation of cheap microcomputers.

5th generation (since the mid-80s). The development of intelligent computers began, with no success so far. Introduction to all areas of computer networks and their association, the use of distributed data processing, the widespread use of computer information technologies.

The latest information revolution brings to the fore a new industry - the information industry associated with the production of technical means, methods, technologies for the production of new knowledge. All types of information technologies, especially telecommunications, are becoming the most important components of the information industry. Modern information technology is based on advances in computer technology and communications.

Information technology (IT)- a process that uses a set of means and methods for collecting, processing and transmitting data (primary information) to obtain information of a new quality about the state of an object, process or phenomenon.

Telecommunications– remote data transmission based on computer networks and modern technical means of communication.

Note. A detailed analysis of the types of information technologies is considered in subsection. 3.3 and 3.4.

The complication of industrial production, social, economic and political life, the change in the dynamics of processes in all spheres of human activity have led, on the one hand, to an increase in the need for knowledge, and on the other hand, to the creation of new means and ways to meet these needs.

The rapid development of computer technology and information technology served as an impetus for the development of a society built on the use of various information and called the information society.

How scientists understand the information society

In the information society, not only production will change, but the whole way of life, the system of values, the importance of cultural leisure in relation to material values will increase. Compared to an industrial society, where everything is directed to the production and consumption of goods, in the information society, intellect and knowledge are produced and consumed, which leads to an increase in the share of mental labor. The ability to be creative will be required from a person, the demand for knowledge will increase.

The material and technological basis of the information society will be various systems based on computer technology and computer networks, information technology, and telecommunications.

Information society- a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.

In the real practice of the development of science and technology in advanced countries at the end of the 20th century. the picture of the information society created by theorists is gradually acquiring visible outlines. The transformation of the entire world space into a single computerized and information community of people living in electronic apartments and cottages is predicted. Any home is equipped with all sorts of electronic appliances and computerized devices. The activities of people will be concentrated mainly on the processing of information, and material production and energy production will be entrusted to machines.

Example 1.1. According to a sociological study conducted in the United States, already now 27 million workers can carry out their activities without leaving their homes, and 1/3 of all newly registered firms are based on the widespread use of self-employment. In the USA, 5.7 million people were classified as self-employed in 1980, 14.6 million in 1989, and 20.7 million in 1995.

In the transition to the information society, a new industry of information processing is emerging based on computer and telecommunication information technologies.

A number of scientists highlight the characteristic features of the information society:

the problem of the information crisis has been solved, i.е. resolved the contradiction between the information avalanche and information hunger;

the priority of information in comparison with other resources is provided;

the main form of development will be the information economy;

society will be based on automated generation, storage, processing and use of knowledge with the help of the latest information technology and technology;

information technology will acquire a global character, covering all spheres of human social activity;

the information unity of the entire human civilization is being formed;

with the help of computer science tools, free access of each person to the information resources of the entire civilization is realized;

implemented humanistic principles of social management and impact on the environment.

In addition to positive aspects, dangerous trends are also predicted:

the growing influence of the media on society;

information technology can destroy the privacy of individuals and organizations; there is a problem of selecting high-quality and reliable information;

many people will find it difficult to adapt to the information society environment. There is a danger of a gap between the "information elite" (people involved in the development of information technology) and consumers.

Closest on the way to the information society are countries with a developed information industry, which include the United States, Japan, England, Germany, and Western European countries. In these countries, for a long time one of the directions of state policy has been the direction associated with investments and support for innovations in the information industry, in the development of computer systems and telecommunications.

the federal lawFebruary 20, 1995 No. 24-FZ Adopted by the State Duma on January 25, 1995

About information, informatization and information protection

After studying the material in this chapter, the student should:

know

the history of the formation of the information society;
parameters and basic features of the information society;
types of modern information resources;
ways of managing the information society;
advantages and disadvantages of the modern phase of the information development of society;
fundamentals of information culture and information security;

be able to

explain the directions of changes in the modern information society in the future, based on an understanding of the logic of the sequential emergence and formation of the stages of development of the information society;
consciously approach the search and adequate use of various types of information resources and protect yourself and others from possible negative consequences of the impact of global informatization;

own

understanding the patterns of functioning of the modern information society;
information about the sources of dangers arising in the modern information society, and ways to neutralize them;
understanding of the information culture and the goals of educating information culture in the members of the modern information society.

The emergence of the information society

The society in which we live today is called the information society. Before entering the era of global informatization, mankind has experienced several stages in the development of productive forces and production relations, the features of the relationship of which gave the name to each of these stages. The information society has replaced the industrial and post-industrial societies, which, in turn, have replaced the agrarian (tribal, feudal) and traditional societies. A feature of the information society is that the role of information is very important for its life - it can be even higher than the role of matter or energy.

Information revolutions

The information society is a regular and natural stage in the technogenic history of mankind. After all, the modern information society has absorbed the results of a fairly long period of development and improvement of various technologies for transmitting and processing information. These technologies have not always evolved evenly and consistently. On the contrary, it is believed that throughout its history, mankind has experienced several so-called information revolutions, i.e. significant transformations of social relations caused by fundamental changes in the field of processing (collection, storage and transmission) of information that occurred in relatively short periods of time. The main consequence of such transformations was the acquisition of a new quality by human society. At the heart of all information revolutions in the history of mankind is one or another format for presenting, storing and transmitting information about the world around us, a person and a human team.

The first information revolution. The model of the human world at all times was formed in accordance with the information received from the primary sensors about the world around. In modern physiology, eight analyzers are distinguished: visual, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory, skin, motor (giving sensations about the work of the musculoskeletal system) and visceral (or analyzer of internal organs). The emergence and development of natural communication, which continues to the present, is primarily associated with the social nature of human activity. It is based on speech, which appeared as a result of the joint activity of a team of people, since non-verbal communication possibilities could not meet the growing needs of a person to transmit more and more complex information that must be exchanged by team members in the process of joint work. Thus, speech natural communication arises both as a result of the interaction of members of the human team, and as the basis for its formation. The formed natural speech communication is completely based on the biological data of a person and uses his physiological capabilities for the formation, transmission, reception and storage of information.

In this way, first information revolution associated with speech. The emergence and development of speech led to the possibility of more accurate transmission of information to their fellow tribesmen as a result of acquiring the names of objects (stone, stick), animals, plants, as well as various actions and states. Speech made it possible to create a conscious model of the world, and if labor created a person, then a reasonable person - homo sapiens- created speech. Speech is, first of all, the translation (translation) of thought into the language of interactions in the environment (i.e., the main means for communication). Most scientists agree that this translation is carried out by a person unconsciously, it is initially built into the general model of the surrounding world, the formation of which occurs in a person up to three years.

Speech is a reflection, and not always accurate, and in some cases not at all accurate, of the thought developed in the individual's model of the world. However, speech is also supplemented by the entire arsenal of non-verbal means of providing information that help overcome the discrepancy between the form of expression of thought, as well as the discrepancy between the content of the statement. with thesaurus the recipient of the information. The appearance of speech as the main element of natural communication brought a solution to the problem of conveying meaning only in the simplest, unambiguous situations, since the transformation of thought into speech is always accompanied by information losses, the greater the more complex, multivariate and contradictory the thought.

However, despite the fact that speech was an important and indispensable tool in the exchange of information, it also had disadvantages, primarily the impossibility or difficulty of providing information in cases where it is necessary to provide information in the form of a description of a spatial plot and, moreover, in the case of a long information storage. This led to the appearance of drawings that complement and illustrate speech and at the same time, which is very important, ensure long-term storage of information. Probably, this can be considered the first virtual communication, since information was provided and stored on a different basis (it was not transmitted in verbal or non-verbal form with direct contact of individuals), which is one of the main differences between virtual communication and natural communication.

Second Information Revolution associated with the invention of writing, which led to a giant qualitative and quantitative leap in the information component of human society. It became possible to transfer knowledge from generation to generation not only in the process of personal communication, but also in the storage, editing and addition of information.

The creation of writing took place in two main directions (with the possibility of the emergence of various intermediate mixed systems) - the creation of a code for representing sounds (writing based on the phonemic principle) in the West and the creation of a code for representing concepts in the East. It was writing that marked what is commonly called the first information revolution in the history of the development of human civilization. Writing ensured the preservation and dissemination of knowledge accumulated by generations and streamlined information exchange in society, which led to the organization of a new information structure that allows creating, storing and transmitting information on the basis of virtual communication, which as a result led to a colossal leap in productive forces.

The appearance of writing (text) further reduced the possibility of adequate representation and perception of thought, since information (thought) undergoes a double transformation - first, the thought is formulated as a complete statement (phrase), and then this phrase is written down. In addition, the reader of the recorded text, in turn, must also be able to read (decode) and translate into a sequence of mental images that are formed on the basis of his individual previous experience and knowledge. In addition, in written speech it is impossible to convey many verbal and non-verbal components of communication, which, with direct contact, are realized in the sound of speech, gestures and facial expressions of the speaker and listener, as well as through many other components of the communication situation as a whole. However, the text, due to its materiality, is repeatedly reproduced and, due to its ambiguity, allows consistent interpretation in accordance with the changing thesaurus of the reader who perceives this text. The perceiving individual or individuals in the analysis of the text have the opportunity to use and replenish their thesaurus regarding the object of the utterance, i.e. learn and creatively rethink the text under study.

The Third Information Revolution(mid-15th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which again radically changed industrial society, culture, and the organization of activities. A sufficiently large number of people have the opportunity to receive and store information (books, newspapers). In this regard, the role of education has grown significantly, since the personal and social success of the individual began to directly depend on literacy.

This stage in the development of virtual communications begins with the invention of the printing press by J. Gutenberg in 1440. The two main properties of print publications are − authenticity, in terms of text identity, and wide availability due to the large circulation, they completely changed the level of informatization of medieval society. Gutenberg's revolutionary invention turned out to be in great demand and was implemented in a very short time as one of the most successful commercial projects, as it eliminated the shortcomings inherent in handwritten texts. Widespread inaccuracies and distortions in the pre-Guttenberg era, which inevitably arise when copying texts, namely: the low productivity of scribes, the inability to provide everyone with texts, required the creation of a new technology for reproducing and replicating identical texts, which in turn gave rise to the third information revolution in human history. civilization.

Fourth Information Revolution(the end of the 19th century) is due to the fact that people learned to receive and use electricity, thanks to which the telegraph, telephone, radio and television appeared, allowing you to quickly transfer and accumulate information in any volume.

The development of electromagnetic phenomena for the purpose of information exchange has expanded the possibilities of a person in terms of his presence and complicity in events taking place many kilometers away from him. At first, radio and telephone, and later television, allowed the individual to plunge into a completely different world of communication. Today they are natural for many people who cannot imagine their existence without them. The advent of the mass media provided prompt and massive remote provision of information to large masses of people. All this led to the formation of a new type of informational thinking, a change in human ideas about the world around.

Fifth Information Revolution(1950s) is associated with the invention and active use of the computer. This period is characterized by the following fundamental innovations:

the transition from mechanical and electrical means of information conversion to electronic ones, as a result of which the speed of information transfer has increased and the cost of the main elements of its infrastructure has become cheaper;
a significant reduction in the size of all components, devices, instruments, machines;
the invention of programmed control technology and the creation of program-controlled devices and processes;
the invention of digitalization technology, i.e. discrete transmission of information through digital codes.

The creation of electronic computers and the development of telecommunications led to the emergence of new virtual communication and, moreover, virtual space, which today exists in parallel with reality and largely replaces it. With the advent of the Internet, a single information space has developed that ensures the availability and integration of information resources. The fifth information revolution, which began in the middle of the last century, is gaining momentum today, turning our society into an information society, based on information exchange processes. Information has become the most valuable commodity of mass demand, an information market has emerged, information advantages have turned into a powerful social force that turned out to be able to significantly influence the actions of the authorities. The question of how successful a person is in this society depends on the level of his information culture, i.e. the degree of familiarization with the virtual society. Man today not only creates a virtual reality, but also lives in it, realizing the materiality of thought. At the same time, the information processes that the computer and network information revolution gave rise to have acquired new qualities that are still unknown to human society: in particular, it turned out that information exchange, to a greater extent than all other types of activity, contributes to the relationship of cooperation between people. moreover, the consumption of information does not lead to its decrease, but, on the contrary, to the growth of the global information resource. However, along with the unconditional positive results of the computer information revolution, it gave rise to a lot of ethical, legal, psychological, social and other problems, presented new challenges to modern society, to which it cannot always give an adequate response. The formation of the information society, like any new stage of social development, is a complex, contradictory process, especially in modern Russia, because many old habitual values and guidelines disappear or are transformed into something new, unusual, which modern society has yet to understand and assimilate. Thus, we can say that the emergence of new forms of information interaction and, in particular, virtual communication was one of the natural stages in the development of mankind, it is due to the needs of society. All this led to another information revolution, designed to ensure the transition to a new stage in the development of society. This new stage is in dire need of reflection and understanding of its consequences for all mankind.

Information society. Status and trends in the development of information technologies and their impact on the life of society and the citizen. E-services, e-government, e-inclusion, e-business, telemedicine and other facets of the information society.

The development of modern society is impossible without information technology, which allows us to talk about a new phase of social development, which is called the "Information Society". The concept of the information society was developed by many outstanding scientists of the world, such as W. Martin, M. Castells, M. McLuhan, J. Masuda, T. Stoner. The author of this term is considered to be a professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yu. Hayashi.

The information society is such a stage in the development of society when the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) has a significant impact on the main social institutions and areas of life:

economics and business,
public administration,
education,
social services and medicine,
Culture and art.

Communication means - telephony, radio, television, the Internet, traditional and electronic media - the technological basis of the information society.

Let's see how the information society can manifest itself in various areas of our lives.

Economic: information is used as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment, e-business is being developed. No need to send a representative to a business partner from another region, the documents are certified by an electronic digital signature. No need to waste time choosing a product, just look through the catalog of the online store. You do not need to visit the tax office to submit tax returns. No need to waste time on the road to get your job done (for some professional activities). You do not need to go to the ticket office to buy a train ticket, it is enough to order and pay for it remotely.

Political: freedom of information leading to the development of e-democracy, e-government, e-government. To express your opinion on a particular issue or to form a group of like-minded people to implement any initiative, just go to the appropriate site on the Internet. To receive a public service, it is enough to fill out a request form remotely, and after a certain time receive the necessary document in your mailbox. E-government will be discussed in more detail in the next lecture.

The electronic state is a way to increase the efficiency of the state, based on the use of information systems. This implies that with the use of ICT, the executive (e-government) and legislative authorities (e-parliament, e-democracy), as well as the judiciary (e-justice) function.

We can say that at the moment the process of establishing an electronic state is underway, as evidenced by the emergence of the Unified Portal of Electronic Democracy of the Russian Federation
(http://e-democracy.ru/). The system of "Electronic Democracy" makes it possible to participate in the adoption of managerial decisions, public discussions of official documents and control over the activities of government bodies.

Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life. To get a specialist consultation, the patient does not need to go to the medical center, but it will be enough to leave their documents on the portal and get in touch with the relevant doctor at the appointed time (telemedicine). To get help in an emergency, it is enough to use a single emergency number (for example, the Care system, which will be discussed in more detail in one of the following lectures). To collect a student for school, it is enough to download a set of textbooks from the regional educational portal and save them in an e-book.

Cultural: recognition of the cultural value of information (eg UNESCO Digital Heritage project). To find literature on a topic of interest, it is enough to use the electronic catalog of any library throughout the country. To visit a foreign museum, it is enough to visit the corresponding website. To get an education at any university in the world, you need to turn to its distance learning resources.

We can say that the information society is most pronounced in countries that are characterized as a "developed post-industrial society" (Japan, USA, Western Europe).

Here are some dates, strategies and programs. In March 2000, the European Union adopted a 10-year working strategy for economic, social and environmental renewal, called the "European Research Area" (ERA - "European Research Area"). The goal of this strategy is the transition of the EU to a knowledge-intensive economy, which should become the most dynamic and competitive in the world.

One of the projects stimulating intensive economic development and strengthening the EU's position in the international market has become the largest political project "Electronic Europe" (eEurope), within which many programs can be implemented both within the EU member states and at the level of the European Commission.

In 2000, the G8 leaders adopted the Okinawa Charter for a Global Information Society. The charter points out the importance of the development of the information society for improving the well-being of citizens and the development of the economy as a whole. It explains how new technologies and their diffusion are today a key driver of the socio-economic development of countries. The Charter also points to the need to introduce national and international strategies for the implementation of the tasks set.

The concept of the “knowledge society” supported by UNESCO, which emphasizes humanistic principles, can be considered a development of the ideas of the information society. The economic and social functions of capital are transferred to information, and the university becomes the core of social organization as a center for the production, processing and accumulation of knowledge. It is especially emphasized that in the "knowledge society" the priorities should be the quality of education, freedom of expression, universal access to information for all, respect for cultural and linguistic diversity.

The development of the information society inevitably leads to the fact that many specialists work in the field of production and dissemination of information. This requires not only new skills and new knowledge, but also a new mindset, desire and opportunity to learn throughout life.

Unfortunately, in our country there is still an insufficient level of development of the information technology industry, which leads to lagging behind the world leaders. The formation of the information society in Russia is hindered by the insufficient level of dissemination of basic skills in the use of information technologies both among the population as a whole and among state and municipal employees.

The problems hindering the increase in the effectiveness of the use of information technologies in order to improve the quality of life of citizens are of a complex nature. Their elimination requires significant resources, coordinated implementation of organizational changes and ensuring the consistency of actions of public authorities.

As a result of the implementation of the federal target program "Electronic Russia (2002-2010)", a certain reserve was created in the field of introducing information technologies into the activities of public authorities and organizing the provision of public services.

Since the development of the information society is a platform for solving problems of a higher level - modernizing the economy and social relations, ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens and freeing up resources for personal development, the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society and the state program "Information Society (2011-2020)" were adopted (Fig. .1.1).

Rice. 1.1. Components of the Information Society program

The activities of the Program in accordance with the Strategy should provide the following results:

Formation of a modern information and telecommunications infrastructure, provision of quality services on its basis and ensuring a high level of accessibility of information and technologies for the population;
improving the quality of education, medical care and social protection of the population based on information technology;

Improving the system of state guarantees of constitutional rights of man and citizen in the information sphere, increasing the efficiency of public administration and local self-government, the quality and efficiency of the provision of public services;

Development of the economy of the Russian Federation based on the use of information technologies, increasing labor mobility and ensuring employment of the population;

Improving the efficiency of public administration and local self-government, the interaction of civil society and business with public authorities, the quality and efficiency of the provision of public services;

Development of science, technology and technology, as well as training of qualified personnel in the field of information technology;

Preservation of the culture of the multinational people of the Russian Federation, strengthening of moral and patriotic principles in the public mind, as well as the development of a system of cultural and humanitarian education;
countering the use of the potential of information technology to threaten Russia's interests.

Currently, the technical and economic aspects of the formation of the information society come to the fore. Unfortunately, the social and humanistic aspects of this process are still developing insufficiently.

It should be noted that such a complex socio-economic phenomenon as information inequality is widespread in Russia. Many localities and social groups do not yet have access to information technology and are falling out of the information society. To solve this problem, a set of measures is needed, including not only the development of telecommunications infrastructure, but also the elimination of the "information illiteracy" of citizens, assistance to low-income segments of the population in the acquisition of computer equipment, and the creation of public access points.

Thus, in the modern world, information technologies have a significant impact on the life of society and a citizen in all spheres of public life. In Russia, with the support of the state, the formation of the information society is taking place: the federal target program "Electronic Russia" has been implemented, the "Strategy for the Development of the Information Society" and the state program "Information Society" have been adopted.

Practice

Exercise 1.1
Read the article "Russia needs e-democracy" (http://experttalks.ru/book/export/html/325).
Please formulate your attitude towards Internet democracy and the idea of electronic voting.

Exercise 1.2
Watch the video "Electronic Services: Tested on Yourself" (http://rutube.ru/tracks/4693692.html).
How do you assess the situation in which the journalist found himself?
Do you have experience with e-services? Positive or not?

The idea of ​​the information society and the stages of development of information technologies. Building an information society and the concept of informatization The history of the development of the information services market