Yacht project for self-build natal 800. Sailing rigging and deck equipment

Do-it-yourself T800 class yacht

Cruise racing trailer yacht "Cavalier 800" conceived and designed by us as a boat that can be built in the workshops of the yacht club or at home from available materials. In addition, since the T800 class is assumed to be free, options for modifying this project are provided in advance. We do not insist on the construction of a one-to-one boat according to the project, but we ask you to take the published drawings as a prototype and give the builders room for the flight of design ideas (of course, with proper technical justification).

A few words about the work that preceded the development of drawings. It was somewhat facilitated by the fact that we had previously developed a project of a 5.9-meter cruiser "Pilgrim 590" similar in terms of contours and design (Nazarov A., Kovalev M. "Pilgrim 590" - a family trailer cruise yacht - "Skipper" No. 6 - 2001. - P.12-15. and No. 1 - 2002. - P.13-15.). On the one hand, we wanted to provide sufficiently high hydrodynamic characteristics of the boat to be able to successfully participate in races. At the same time, the contours must be quite technologically advanced - for sheathing with plywood sheets, which is the most accessible in our conditions. It is known that in order to minimize the negative effect of the chines, it is necessary to orient them along the current lines and avoid crossing the waterline with the chines, including at running roll angles.

For a detailed study of the issue, with the help of specialists from the AWL shipbuilding enterprise, a hull model on a scale of 1: 8 was made and it was towed in the nautical testing laboratory of the Sevastopol National technical university. In addition to measuring the towing resistance, photo and video shooting of the model was carried out.

At low relative speeds, as expected, the resistance is somewhat greater than that calculated for traditional "round-chin" contours. But at high Froude numbers, due to better separation of water from the cheekbones, the resistance of the Cavalier 800 hull is less.

Underwater video filming of the moving model was made with the help of the diving center "Union-Crimea". Viewing the video recordings for different speeds showed that the flow around the underwater part of the model with the “wizards” glued to the bottom occurs along the lines of the cheekbones. The slightly submerged transom used in the project also proved its effectiveness. The materials of these design studies made it possible to improve the contours of the final version of the Cavalier 800.

Project concept

In developing this project, we set ourselves the goal of offering yachters a modern trailer cruiser-racing yacht, economical and technological in amateur construction from plywood sheets. The yachtsman-racer will find in this project the necessary "base" to improve the driving performance for racing in the "cruise" division (T800 class rules, see www.kompanmarine.com).

For a family crew, the primary qualities will be ease of operation, sufficiently high comfort, and safety in operation on board. inland waters and in the coastal zone of the seas. The basic version of the Cavalier 800 is equipped with a centerboard, which makes shallow water areas accessible. An auxiliary means of movement is an outboard motor with a power of about 12 liters. with., hung on the transom. At the same time, let's make a reservation right away, the Cavalier 800 is a fairly fast boat, but still not an extreme boat. For fans of extreme sports, we can recommend the Pluto 800 project (see KiYa magazine No. 184).

The architecture of the hull and deck of the yacht "Cavalier 800"

The contours of the hull are multi-cheeked, with a skin that unfolds onto a plane; the nose expanding above the waterline improves germination on the wave. The wide aft end with a slightly sunken transom, the coefficient of longitudinal fullness of the hull C P =0.57 and the position of the center of magnitude along the length L CB =3.5% L WL are optimized for movement with high relative speeds.

Hull space ordinate table

The use of a side-to-side superstructure allows you to get a more spacious cabin, simplify construction and significantly increase stability at large angles of heel.

A spacious "two-tiered" self-draining cockpit 2.4 m long is the main place for the crew to stay in good weather. The deck has an entrance hatch and a fore-hatch used for working with sails.

We tried to pay attention to the exterior design of the Cavalier. More aesthetic multi-chine contours, a faceted form of the superstructure and modern contours of the portholes were used. At the same time, the exterior of the yacht should not quickly become obsolete, as is the case with "trendy" boats.

General location of the yacht "Cavalier 800"

Cavalier 800 has an asymmetrical cabin layout. The volume effect of the premises is enhanced by a spacious superstructure and large portholes. There is a locker in the fore-peak part of the yacht; further - the bow cabin, which is actually an isolated bow berth. Further on the starboard side is a bathroom, opposite - a closet. In the salon, on the starboard side, there is an L-shaped sofa and a table, on the left side - a galley and a navigation table. The height in the cabin is 1.50 m. On the sides of the cockpit there are beds in coffins, indispensable for relaxing on the go. The space under the cockpit is reserved for lockers. An insulated afterpeak locker is used to store the outboard motor, gas bottle and the skipper's belongings, accessible through the opening aft cockpit can.

1 - forepeak; 2 - double bed; 3 - wardrobe; 4 - latrine; 5 - galley; 6 - sofa; 7 - seat; 8 - chart table; 9 - bed; 10 - locker; 11 - gas cylinder compartment; 12 - storage compartment for the outboard motor; 13 - table; 14 - cockpit; 15 - mast pillars.

Ballast fin, centerboard and rudder

The profiled daggerboard is of a swivel type, it retracts flush into the ballast fin, fixed under the bottom. The hinged steering wheel has a lifting feather.

Sailing equipment and deck equipment

Spars: mast - profile 130x80x2.5 mm, reduce to the top to 100x80x2.5 mm, AMg; boom - pipe 120x2 mm, AMg; bowsprit - pipe 80x2 mm, AMg; spreaders - pipe 28x3, AMg; standing rigging: main shrouds - cable 1x19, d=5; medium shrouds - cable 1x19, d=4; top shrouds - cable 1x19, d=4; forestay - rope 1x19, d=5; backstay - cable 1x19, d=4; backstays - cable 1x19, d=4.

The mast is secured with fore and back stays, back stays and shrouds, carried aft. The project includes: a mainsail with a large sickle, a furling staysail, an asymmetric spinnaker on a retractable 1.5-meter bowsprit. We leave the detailing of deck equipment and sailing equipment to the discretion of the builder - an experienced yachtsman always has his own preferences ...

Structural drawings of the yacht "Cavalier 800"

Structurally, the body of the "Cavalier 800" is designed in the best traditions of the domestic "squatter". A longitudinal framing system with a large number of beams of the main direction - stringers was used. As experience shows, the use of a longitudinal framing system makes it possible to reduce the weight by about 30% compared to the transverse one, while at the same time reducing the complexity of the construction. At the same time, the location of frame frames and bulkheads is maximally linked to the layout of the boat, and the lining elements simultaneously ensure the strength of the vessel. Bow A and stern P transoms, bulkheads and semi-bulkheads along frames B, F, H, L, N, frame frames D, J, M and floors C, E, G, I, K are provided.

Structural longitudinal section, hull design
and deck construction

The body is sheathed with plywood sheets, unfolding on a plane. The design calculation was carried out according to the rules of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), which today is the generally accepted standard in yacht building.

Basic building technology

The hull is built on frame frames in the keel up position. Detailed description can be found in D. A. Kurbatov’s excellent and accessible book “15 Ship Designs for Amateur Construction”.

Briefly, the sequence of work is as follows:
- a welded slipway is made from rolled products, installed and leveled;
- with the help of the plaza, frame frames are made;
- the frames are installed on the slipway, adjusted, the edges are trimmed;
- the keel beam is glued in place - on frames, from boards 10 mm thick;
- laminated stringers are installed, which are glued in place from two to three slats in thickness;
- the body is sheathed with plywood sheets 8 mm thick;
- the bottom is glued with fiberglass on epoxy resin in two or three layers, additional strips are laid on the cheekbones, after which the body is puttied and prepared for painting;
- the hull is removed from the slipway and turned over to the deck-up position;
- the most bulky elements of the internal lining are mounted;
- Carlings are installed (by analogy with stringers) (additional beams are visible in the photos);
- the deck is sheathed with plywood sheets. Superstructure sheets can be assembled on wire clips, followed by gluing the seams with fiberglass strips;
- the deck is glued with fiberglass, puttied and prepared for painting;
- the hull is painted and the keel and deck equipment are installed.

1 - keel beam, laminated from oak, section at the midsection 200x40; 2 - knee (bow transom), pine, δ=40 mm; 3 – starn-knitsa, pine, δ=40 mm; 4 - bulkhead (sp. A), plywood, δ = 8 mm; 5 - frame A, 40x60; 6 - beam (sp. A), 40x60; 7 - bulkhead (sp. B), plywood, δ = 8 mm; 8 - frame B, 40x60; 9 - beam (sp. B), 40x60; 10 - bunk strapping (sp. B), 20x30; 11 - bulkhead (sp. C), plywood, δ=8 mm; 12 - frame C, 40x60; 13 - floor (sp. C), 40x80; 14 - bunk strapping (sp. C), 20x30; 15 - bulkhead (sp. D), plywood, δ=8 mm; 16 - frame D, 40x60; 17 - beam (sp. D), 40x60; 18 - floor (sp. D), 40x80; 19 - bunk strapping (sp. D), 20x30; 20 - knee (sp. D), plywood, δ=8 mm; 21 - bulkhead (sp. E), plywood, δ=8 mm; 22 - frame E, 40x60; 23 - floor (sp. E), 40x80; 24 - bunk strapping (sp. E), 20x30; 25 - bulkhead (sp. F), plywood, δ=8 mm; 26 - frame F, 40x60; 27 - beam (sp. F), 40x60; 28 - floor (sp. F), 40x80; 29 - strapping (sp. F), 20x30; 30 - bulkhead (sp. G), plywood, δ=8 mm; 31 - frame G, 40x60; 32 - floor (sp. G), 40x100; 33 - strapping (shw. G), 20x30; 34 - bulkhead (shp. H), plywood, δ=8 mm; 35 - frame H, 40x60; 36 - beam (shw. H), 40x60; 37 - floor (sp. H), 40x100; 38 - strapping (shw. H), 20x30; 39 - bulkhead (sp. I), plywood, δ=8 mm; 40 - frame I, 40x60; 41 - floor (sp. I), 40x100; 42 - strapping (sp. I), 20x30; 43 - bulkhead (sp. J), plywood, δ=8 mm; 44 - frame (sp. J), 40x60; 45 - beam (sp. J), 40x60; 46 - floor (sp. J), 40x100; 47 - harness (sp. J), 20x30; 48 - knitting (sp. J), plywood, δ=8 mm; 49 - bulkhead (sp. K), plywood, δ=8 mm; 50 - frame (sp. K), 40x60; 51 - floor (sp. K), 40x100; 52 - strapping (shw. K), 20x30; 53 - bulkhead (sp. L), plywood, δ=8 mm; 54 - frame (sp. L), 40x60; 55 - beams (sp. L), 40x60; 56 - floor (sp. L), 40x100; 57 - strapping (sp. L), 20x30; 58 - knee (sp. L), plywood, δ=8 mm; 59 - piping of the entrance hatch (sp. L), 20x40; 60 - bulkhead (sp. M), plywood, δ=8 mm; 61 - frame (sp. M), 40x60; 62 - beam (shw. M), 40x60; 63 - floor (sp. M), 40x100; 64 - strapping (shw. M), 20x30; 65 - knee (sp. M), plywood, δ=8 mm; 66 - bulkhead (shp. N), plywood, δ=8 mm; 67 - frame (sp. N), 40x60; 68 - beam (shw. N), 40x60; 69 - floor (sp. N), 40x100; 70 - strapping (shw. N), 20x30; 71 - transom sheathing (sp. P), plywood, δ = 8 mm; 72 - frame (sp. P), 40x60; 73 - beam (sp. P), 40x60; 74 - floor (sp. P), 40x100; 75 - stand (sp. P), 40x150; 76 - fender laminated from oak, 50x30; 77 - stringer, laminated from pine, 40x25; 78 - stringer, laminated from pine, 45x30; 79 - stringer, laminated from pine, 45x30; 80 - stringer, laminated from pine, 45x25; 81 - stringer, laminated from pine, 50x30; 82 - bunk flooring, plywood, δ = 8 mm; 83 - payol, plywood, δ=8 mm; 84 - latrine wall, plywood, δ=8 mm; 85 – sofa wall, plywood, δ=8 mm; 86 - sofa flooring, plywood, δ=8 mm; 87 – cabinet wall, plywood, δ=8 mm; 88 – pillers, steel δ=50 mm; 89 – galley wall, plywood, δ=8 mm; 90 - sofa wall, plywood, δ=8 mm; 91 – galley table top, plywood, δ=8 mm; 92 - sofa flooring, plywood, δ=8 mm; 93 - sofa strapping, 20x30; 94 - bunk flooring, plywood, δ=8 mm; 95 - longitudinal bulkhead, plywood, δ=8 mm; 96 - rail, 40x25; 97 - carling bunk, 20x30; 98 - afterpeak flooring, plywood, δ=8 mm; 99 - rail, 50x25; 100 - rail, 40x25; 101 - longitudinal bulkhead, plywood, δ=8 mm; 102 - bow transom decorator, polystyrene; 103 – bottom lining, plywood, δ=10 mm; 104 – cheekbone 1, plywood, δ=8 mm; 105 – cheekbone 2, plywood, δ=8 mm; 106 - board, plywood, δ=8 mm; 107 - decking, plywood, δ=8 mm; 108 – superstructure coaming, plywood, δ=8 mm; 109 - superstructure roof, plywood, δ=8 mm; 110 - carlengs, 50x25; 111 - carlengs, 40x25; 112 - carlengs, 40x25; 113 - carlengs, 40x25; 114 - carlengs, 80x25; 115 - carlengs, 40x25; 116 - carlengs, 40x25; 117 - carlengs, 40x25; 118 - carlengs, 40x25; 119 - half-beam, 40x25; 120 - carlengs, 50x25; 121 - carlengs, 40x25; 122 - carlengs, 40x25; 123 - carlengs, 45x25; 124 - carlengs, 40x25; 125 - carlengs, 40x25; 126 - carlengs, 40x25; 127 - carlengs, 40x25; 128 - carlengs, 40x25; 129 - coaming harness, 20x20; 130 - binding of the aft compartment, 20x15; 131 - carlengs, 40x25; 132 - carlengs, 40x25; 133 - carlengs, 40x25.

Keel

The fin of the keel is made welded (typed from vertical plates) or cast. The total weight of the fin (without daggerboard) should be 300 kg. If necessary, additional internal ballast can be placed in the hull of the Kavalier 800 yacht.

Albert Nazarov, Maxim Kovalev, Dmitry Dolinsky.

In September 2001, on the Stugna website, under the heading “Discussing the Idea”, a note by yacht designer A. Nazarov (Sevastopol) appeared on the proposed class of trailer cruise-racing yachts “T800”. The well-known yacht designer A. Taranenko (St. Petersburg), the author of the popular Alekstars, actively supported the idea. Designers and yachtsmen gradually joined the development of the Class Rules. After a stormy exchange of ideas, a more or less final, 12th, edition of the Rules was born. Currently, the legislative consolidation of the class “T800”, the creation of the Association of the class and its inclusion in the All-Russian calendar of competitions is taking place. We asked one of its creators to talk about the new T800 class.

Main ideas of the project.

With today's uncertainty with the measurement and classification of cruising yachts in the CIS, yachtsmen, builders and designers are in some confusion, the majority are just waiting. The aging of the fleet of existing yachts, coupled with the lack of a clear strategy for the development of national classes and measurement rules, confuses yachtsmen - it is not clear what should be bought or built: there is no clear prospect and the possibility of being “out of work” with a finished hull is scary ...

World experience shows that all attempts to “equalize the chances” and create handicap systems for cruising night yachts are not very successful. It is unlikely that “absolutely fair measurement” is generally achievable in practice.

At the same time, yachtsmen-cruisers, of course, should meet at racing distances. Unfortunately, even in world practice, the policy of the official “sailing authorities” often does not contribute to the democratization and mass character of sailing, but is aimed at protecting the interests of specific manufacturers. Therefore, many yachtsmen and especially amateur shipbuilders often “drop out” of the racing process. Perhaps they should take the initiative in their own hands and propose the “rules of the game” themselves ...

One of the exits and very promising direction may be the cultivation of free ("open" - literally open) classes of yachts - such as the proposed "T800". The advantages of free classes include the absence of any formulas and the simplicity of measurement, the holding of races without a handicap, the widest opportunities for improving the material part, a fairly long sports life ships, etc. It should be noted that in last years in the world there is a truly rebirth of free classes - from the "International 14" to the modern "Mini 6.5" and "Open 60".

A yacht of the “T800” class is seen as a small and relatively inexpensive, but rather high-speed comfortable vessel for four people, suitable for transportation on a trailer behind a car to a place of rest or competition. The layout of the cabin should provide good habitability. Depending on the water area and the preferences of the owner, these can be dinghies, compromises or yachts with a lifting bulb keel.

“T800” can have water or solid ballast, different types contours, sailing weapons, etc. The yacht must be subject to reasonable safety and equipment requirements. It is important that the class the best way adapted to our conditions. But the main thing is that the status of the “free class” leaves space for the development of ships, the technical creativity of yachtsmen, designers and amateur shipbuilders.

When developing the draft Rules, the authors largely focused on existing and in demand yachts and opportunities self-built. With this in mind, a number of simplifying assumptions have been introduced into the Rules, which, nevertheless, should not worsen driving performance and attractiveness of the boat.

Main provisions of the Rules.

There are two divisions - cruise and racing. Hull length should not exceed 8.0 m, width - 2.50 m, draft - 2.00 m, minimum weight- 1200 kg for cruising and 1000 kg for racing options. An essential requirement is the ability to reduce the draft to 0.7 m for transport on a trailer. Minimum freeboard restrictions introduced. The sail area is not standardized, but the dimensions of the spars are limited. The contours of the hull, the number and shape of keels, daggerboards, rudders, etc. are not limited.

The layout of the cruise version of the yacht: four berths, a galley with a stove and sink, a latrine. The height in the cabin is not less than 1.50 m on an area of ​​at least 0.75 m 2 with a length of 1.50 m and a width of at least 0.3 m. For the racing version, the height is at least 1.3 m on an area of ​​0.6 m 2 with its length not 1.30 m.

The rules standardize the ability to self-straighten: with a list of 90 °, the yacht must recover independently with a load of 15 kg on the masthead. Tilting keels and masts, any movable ballast, trapezes and the use of some expensive materials are prohibited. Requirements for equipment and supplies have also been developed. According to the author's intention, "T800" should fill the niche of the rapidly aging "quarter" and "half-ton".

The following illustrations show some of our T800 class yacht projects.

In conclusion, I would like to immediately answer a number of possible questions:

- Why did we call this class of yachts T800?

First of all, because it is trailer and its length is limited to 800 cm (which is required to transport a yacht behind a car). And finally, which is especially nice, there is some continuity in the name with the old Soviet “teshkas” (which, by the way, were also a free class).

- What is the real fleet of the T800?

Taking into account the yachts already built and still under construction, the T800 fleet in Russia by the coming season will amount to more than 30 boats.

- Why is the minimum weight of the yacht limited?

Firstly, in order to somehow equalize the chances of amateur-built plywood yachts with molded “sandwiches”. Secondly, to ensure sufficient strength and durability of yachts.

- Why is the sail area not limited?

The windage will still have to be limited for structural reasons, because the height of the mast, the length of the boom and the bowsprit are limited. In addition, in practice, the ability to carry sails is determined by the stability of the yacht.

- How much can a T800 class boat cost if you build it yourself?

It depends on the region. In reality, the minimum cost of a wooden version will be about 3000 US dollars, depending on the quality of materials and components.

We hope that the appearance of the T800 will contribute to the development of sailing and yacht building in the CIS countries. We invite yachtsmen, shipbuilders, yacht designers to creative cooperation. It seems that by joint efforts it will be possible to create a truly "people's class" that allows you to build and improve yachts of a new generation.