More meanings of the word and translation of RULES OF TECHNICAL OPERATION from English into Russian in English-Russian dictionaries.
What is the translation of the RULES OF TECHNICAL OPERATION from Russian into English in Russian-English dictionaries.

More meanings of this word and English-Russian, Russian-English translations for RULES OF TECHNICAL OPERATION in dictionaries.

• RULES OF TECHNICAL OPERATION
  
• RULES FOR TECHNICAL OPERATION - rules for technical operation, standard code
  
• Exploitations
  
• RULES
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• RULES
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• RULES
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• RULES - Canons
  Russian-American English Dictionary
• OPERATION - Operation
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• TECHNICAL
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• RULES
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• RULES
  Russian Learner's Dictionary
• OPERATION - Operation
  Russian-English Edic
• RULES
  Russian-English Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering and Automation of Production
• RULES - long levers, through which it was possible to raise the breech to put wooden lifting wedges under it, and also produce slightly ...
  English-Russian-English Dictionary of Marine Terms
• RULES
  Russian-English Economic Dictionary
• RULES - (blat.) thieves' "law"
  English-Russian-English dictionary of slang, jargon, Russian names
• REGULATIONS - . Present practice does not (or Present rules, or regulations do not) permit more than 1700 grams of …
  
• RULES - p.; many; in Op. rules governing the design and operation - construction-and-use laws rules governing the design and effectiveness of brakes - braking laws - constructive ...
  Russian-English automobile dictionary
• RULES - 1) guidance 2) policy
  Russian-English explanatory dictionary of terms and abbreviations on BT, Internet and programming
• RULES - RULES AND EXCEPTIONS Teaching is the study of rules; experience is the study of exceptions. Author unknown For others, we create rules, for ...
  English-Russian aphorisms, Russian aphorisms
• RULES - noun. regulation
  Big Russian-English Dictionary
• ENGINEERING INSTRUCTION
  Russian-English Dictionary Socrates
• ELEVEN-PLUS - eleven-plas, exams for eleven-year-olds (selective tests for schoolchildren at the age of 11; held at the end of the primary school (primary school) 1); …
  Britain English-Russian Dictionary
• WRECKER TRUCKS
  
• WRECKER I
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• WRECKER I - n 1) repair worker; 2) technical assistance car
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• WRECKER - noun. 1) marauder, robber 2) technical assistance vehicle 3) Amer. housebreaker; pl. demolition company burglar...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• WORKING INSTRUCTION - instruction manual; pl operating rules
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• UNSERVICEABLE - inconvenient for maintenance; unsuitable for service, low-tech unsuitable for use, unreliable in operation; out of order - * equipment unusable …
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED - unless a different course of action is indicated (a characteristic turn of speech in the technical documentation of computer systems), unless otherwise indicated
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TRUCK - I 1. n. 1) a) cheap, retail goods b) Amer. vegetables for sale c) unfold. rubbish, unnecessary things; trans. nonsense, ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TROUBLE TRUCK - technical assistance vehicle
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TROUBLE CALL - technical assistance call
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TOWING TRUCK - technical assistance vehicle
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TOW TRUCK - 1) tractor, tug; technical assistance vehicle, technical assistance Syn: tractor, prime mover 2) repair flyer tractor, tug technical assistance vehicle, …
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TOW CAR - tractor, tug, technical assistance vehicle, technical assistance; repair flyer
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• TIME - 1. noun 1) a) time in / on one "s own time ≈ in free time on time Amer. ≈ exactly, on time make ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• SWEATED - adj. 1) sweatshop or sweatshop sweated industry ≈ industry in which the sweatshop system is used 2) subjected to severe ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• RULES - Community Rules ~ European Economic Community regulations company ~ company charter driving and resting ~ rules governing work and rest ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• RULE - 1. noun 1) a) a rule, a rule to adopt a rule ≈ take as a rule to apply, enforce a rule ≈ ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• REGULATIONS - noun; pl. provisions - Defense Trade Regulations - rules and regulations - regulations of the Board - in accordance with ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• REGULATION - noun 1) regulation; regulation of prices ≈ price regulation voltage regulation ≈ voltage regulation; voltage regulation inherent regulation ≈ …
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• PAMPHLET - noun. 1) brochure; booklet, prospectus; instructions (for operating the machine, etc.) Syn: brochure 2) evil satire, pamphlet Syn: ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• OPERATION - noun 1) a) activity, work, activation b) action, operation to conduct an operation ≈ to conduct some kind of work to…
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• MANUAL - 1. noun 1) leadership; instruction; reference book, index; instruction manual laboratory manual owner "s manual teacher"s manual field manual Syn: ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• LAW - I n. 1) a) law (regulating, prescriptive act) according to the law ≈ according to the law to administer, apply, enforce a ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• ENVIRONMENT - noun environment, surroundings; environment to clean up environment ≈ clean up the environment preserve, protect the environment ≈ protect ...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• CODE - 1. noun 1) a) ist. collection of laws issued during the reign of a particular emperor b) jur. code, code of laws...
  Big English-Russian Dictionary
• RULE - rule.ogg 1. ru:l n 1. rule; norm; the principle of unanimity rule - the principle of unanimity rule of the road - a) rules ...
  
• REGULATION - regulation.ogg ͵regjʋʹleıʃ(ə)n n 1. regulation, streamlining regulation of affairs - streamlining affairs economic government regulation - economic government regulation 2. ...
  English-Russian-English Dictionary of General Vocabulary - Collection of the best dictionaries
• SERVICE - 1) service 2) work; functioning 3) operation 4) maintenance, service || serve 5) maintenance and (current) repairs || conduct …
  Big English-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary
• SERVICE - 1) service 2) work; functioning 3) operation 4) maintenance, service || serve 5) maintenance and (current) repairs || carry out maintenance and (ongoing) …
  Big English-Russian Polytechnic Dictionary - RUSSO
• SERVICE - 1) length of service 2) fill 3) fill 4) service 5) serve 6) service 7) service 8) services 9) look after 10) operational 11) operate. aeronautical service channel - aviation communication channel cable service box ...
  English-Russian Scientific and Technical Dictionary
• RULE - 1. n 1. rule; norm; the principle of unanimity ~ - the principle of unanimity ~ of the road - a) the rules of the road ...
  New large English-Russian dictionary - Apresyan, Mednikova
• RULE - 1. ru: l n 1. rule; norm; the principle of unanimity rule - the principle of unanimity rule of the road - a) rules of the road ...
  - study of technical applicability, study of technical applicability (eg machine) - see also. in operating conditions; enter into service; removal from service; decommission; to be in …
  Russian-English Scientific and Technical Translator's Dictionary

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The main task of a translator of technical documentation is to convey the meaning of the original as accurately as possible. Legal or technical documentation contains a lot of nuances that affect the lexical meaning. They must not be omitted or misrepresented. Just one mistake in terminology and concepts can completely change the meaning of the text.

Text formatting requires strict compliance with all standards and GOSTs applicable to this type of documentation. The translator does not have the right to change the structure of the text and design features and must use the original as a model.

Changing the stylistic content of the text is unacceptable. It is necessary to use only scientific and business style of speech. The translator is not entitled to use colloquial and everyday turns of speech.

Technical translation of text requires consistency and clarity. It is important to avoid ambiguity, i.e. situations in which the meaning of the text can be misunderstood. This is especially true of contracts, agreements and agreements expressing the commercial interests of the parties. An error in the contract can lead to its termination. The same applies to errors in the instructions for a particular equipment, because they can lead to a stop in production.

Technical documentation translation errors

Sentences should be avoided in which it is difficult to distinguish where the subject is and where the addition is, because this leads to ambiguous translation, for example: “the walls support”. In this proposal, it is not clear whether the walls directly support the beams, or whether the beams do support the walls.

In complex sentences, it is necessary to avoid detailed definitions, participial constructions and subordinate clauses; it can also confuse the text. For example: “on the issue of the Buyer’s obligations regarding deliveries related to the country of export and requiring additional control ...” (what refers to the country of export - obligations or deliveries?)

When translating from a foreign language, one of the most difficult moments is the polysemanticity of terms. One word, depending on the scope of application, can have dozens of different meanings. Here an important role is played by the experience of the translator and his vocabulary. When translating polysemantic words, it is important to use one chosen meaning throughout the text. Therefore, it is important for a translator of a technical text to keep terminologies, especially when translating voluminous language material.

Foreign languages ​​are full of set expressions, the translation of which should avoid bureaucracy and, moreover, a heap of subordinate clauses and participial phrases.

In technical documentation, rhyme is completely inappropriate, so you should avoid words that sound the same in the same sentence.

In technical texts, there are often chains of nouns in the genitive case, which can cause a distortion of meaning, for example: “without reducing the pressure of the partitions of a building ...” Such a text is typical for a technical translation of a language characterized by compound words.

Many foreign languages ​​are characterized by the widespread use of reflexive and passive forms, but in Russian such a translation may sound clumsy. For example, instead of the phrase "The contract was drawn up in accordance with the requirements of ...", you can write "The lawyer drafted the contract in accordance with the requirements of ..."

The technical text should not be replete with synonyms, sometimes used out of place or even to the detriment of meaning.

Advice 2: How to master simultaneous interpretation for negotiations

Simultaneous interpretation in negotiations, which is also called whispering, can be attributed to one of the most difficult types in this area. Ordinary simultaneous interpreters work in special booths, have headphones and a microphone, which greatly facilitates the work. While working in negotiations, the situation becomes more complicated: a specialist needs to hear everyone, while quietly but clearly translate, and be able to concentrate regardless of the situation.

You will need

• - television;
• - notebook.

Instruction

Improve your knowledge in a foreign language. Expand your vocabulary to be able to find the right words in time. Learn idioms and phraseological units so as not to waste precious moments searching for a match. If you already know the industry in which you will work, thoroughly study all the subtleties and terminology, and in both languages. During the negotiations, you will not have a second to choose the right word, or to understand the essence of the matter. Whereas in normal two-way translation you have the opportunity to clarify something, whispering doesn't have that luxury. Try to communicate in advance with the negotiators and find out what will be discussed. Understanding the subject will greatly facilitate your work.

Do regular exercises at home. For example, turn on the news and start translating everything that is said there with a delay of a few seconds. If this is too difficult for you, at first simply repeat the text in your native language to hone the skill of listening and speaking at the same time. If you start to succeed without hesitation, proceed with the translation. To control speech, record yourself on a voice recorder so that later you can check whether everything you said was correct. As a rule, the pace of the speaker's speech is very fast, and this will help you learn to concentrate, speak without pauses, and predict the end of the phrase. Listening and speaking at the same time is a fairly serious skill that can only be acquired with constant practice.

Work on diction and learn to control the timbre of your voice. At its core, whispering is not whispering per se. Rather, it is perfectly muffled speech. You must achieve such a volume that during negotiations your voice is perfectly audible to the person for whom you are translating, but at the same time does not interfere with the rest of the participants in the conversation. Perform various articulation exercises, do breathing exercises, say tongue twisters daily. Learn to speak quietly, but as clearly and clearly as possible.

note

Useful advice

The iron rule of a simultaneous interpreter is to always keep a notepad and pen with you. You will no longer have time for translation cursive, however, you must write down all precision words (numbers, proper names, dates) without fail. If they go one after another, you risk forgetting them in the same second, so fix them as soon as you hear them.

Tip 3: How to master the intricacies of scientific and technical translation

The development of science and the emergence of technological innovations make scientific and technical translation of texts increasingly in demand. This type of translation of information from the original language into other languages ​​differs from other types of translation activities. To master the technique of scientific and technical translation, an in-depth study of special terminology is required.

Scientific and technical translation of texts

Scientific and technical directly refers not only to the operation of new technology that is widely distributed in everyday life and in production. It deals with almost all issues related to jurisprudence, economics,. The subtleties of translation also relate to information and computer technologies, without which the life of modern civilization is indispensable.

Even a confident knowledge of a foreign language within the framework of colloquial and everyday topics does not always allow high-quality translation of scientific and technical texts. And the usual dictionary does not always contain the technical terms that are used in the instructions and manuals for the latest technical devices.

Scientific and technical translation is characterized by the formality of the presentation, the clear logic of the construction of language structures and the accuracy of the wording. Not every foreign technical term can have an exact analogue in Russian. Therefore, in addition to the knowledge of specialized technical dictionaries, it is necessary to add linguistic intuition and good knowledge of the issues presented in the text.

Expand your special knowledge in the field of science and technology that interests you. In order to qualitatively translate scientific and technical literature, it is necessary to have not only a stock of general information in the field to which the texts to be translated belong. The translator should regularly and systematically deepen knowledge in the chosen field, keeping track of literary novelties, getting acquainted with the periodical press and abstract publications in Russian.

Develop skills in accurately translating technical terms. The correspondence of the selected word or language construction to the original material depends on the complexity of the text and its subject matter. Accuracy does not mean that the translation has to be literal. We are talking about the maximum approximation of the meaning of the translation to the original. To master this skill, you need to regularly practice translating texts on various topics.

Avoid using emotional and expressive elements of speech, comparisons, vivid images and metaphors when translating. The result of the translation of scientific or technical material should be a document in which the information is presented in the most informative, concise and specific way. The reader of such texts appreciates not the imagery and ornateness of the presentation, but the objectivity and unambiguity of the presentation of information.

Choose your terms carefully and carefully. This is one of the most difficult tasks when transcribing texts of a technical nature. Terminological vocabulary is extremely informative and sometimes irreplaceable in the text. Sometimes it is better to sacrifice style and allow repeated repetition of a term than to use its approximate counterparts that distort the meaning of a phrase.

Finally, be very careful to add explanations to the translation that are designed to make the text more understandable. Such insertions on behalf of the translator are still acceptable when translating general scientific texts, but they should be avoided if the customer needs to translate material related to a narrow field of science and technology. In this case, only deepening in professional terminology will help the translator.

Any deviations are possible only in rare cases and only because of the nuances of the language. If the existing language tools do not allow to translate the phrase literally, a retelling of the general meaning of the text close to the original is possible, while the main thing is to ensure that the translation does not lose important information. It is also not allowed to add anything from oneself, the only exception is footnotes and explanations at the end of the text.

In order to make a technical translation at a good quality level, the translator simply has to have an excellent knowledge of both languages ​​and have at least a general idea of ​​the subject matter of the translation – to be familiar with the basic terminology and concepts. As for the work on the text itself, the task of the translator is to convey information as simply and clearly as possible. Most often, he is prevented from doing this by an incorrect reading of the original, namely, errors in logical stress within individual passages of the text (paragraphs), amorphous sentences, and incorrect connections between words. Only by coping with these difficulties, the translator achieves clarity and clarity of presentation.

To achieve a better perception of the text by the reader helps to avoid the use of complex lexical phrases. You should also avoid cluttering terms (if possible), and if there is an alternative, simpler words and expressions should be preferred. Another good habit for a translator is to be able to put a logical stress in a sentence. To do this, it is permissible to move words and change their places, provided, of course, that such changes do not affect the meaning of the phrase as a whole. With an incorrect arrangement of logical connections, the sentence sounds ugly, difficult to read and seems artificial. The same thing happens when the text is oversaturated with unnecessary words and complex lexical phrases. This makes it uninteresting and difficult to understand. It is better to replace long chains of words with one or two exact terms, in extreme cases, substitute adjectives instead of nouns, try not to repeat the same word too often, use more synonyms.

Another danger awaits the translator when working with dictionaries: as a rule, they give several options for translating one word, so it is very important to choose the most appropriate one based on the context in which the word is used. Also, first you need to make sure that the dictionary contains all modern terms and definitions - science and technology are developing so rapidly today that new concepts appear almost daily.

The last aspect that I would like to highlight when speaking about the rules for translating technical texts is the handling of errors in the original text. Errors, oddly enough, are found not only in translations. And every time the translator encounters them, he is faced with a dilemma, what to do, to translate an error or to give a correct definition? There are many opinions on this matter. In our opinion, the best way out of the situation is to give a translation exactly corresponding to the original, and indicate a possible error in a footnote or note.

1. Keep the name of the original file with the addition of a two-character name of the language. Joining or splitting original files is not allowed. This is necessary for faster correlation of translation files with the original.

2. When translating into a foreign language, it is necessary to use the current alphabet of the target language, including the use of umlauts, aksans and other subscript and superscript characters.

3. The translation must be complete, i.e. in the translation, absolutely all parts of the original text must be reproduced. All text presented in the original language is translated, including headers and footers, inscriptions on seal or stamp impressions, handwritten inscriptions, footnotes, text elements in images and tables. Only parts explicitly indicated by the customer may be left untranslated.

4. Within one text, the terminology should be uniform and (if necessary) correspond to the glossary. Headings, titles of sections, parties to the contract should be named the same. In technical texts, it is not allowed to use the imperative and indicative moods alternately; the personal forms of the verb characteristic of the English language in such texts should be replaced with impersonal predicative constructions or the imperative ("do" or "should do" instead of "you must do").

The principle of terminology uniformity should also be observed when translating several files from one customer. At the same time, even if after the delivery of part of the orders you have found a more suitable translation of any cross-cutting term, it is recommended to use it only after agreement with the editor.

5. The translator gives only one translation of words, terms or expressions. It is unacceptable to give several translation options at the customer's choice.

6. All comments on the translated text are submitted as a separate document or using the "Note" function of MS Word (Menu "Review" - "Create Note").

7. The format for representing digital values ​​in the target language is observed (including the requirements for delimiters of integer and fractional parts).

8. All orders must be carried out personally. In other words, orders are distributed taking into account the level of your work, thematic specialization, all the advantages and disadvantages of your work. Practice shows that often the involvement of third parties in the execution of an order leads to the fact that we end up with a translation of unsatisfactory quality and, accordingly, charge the translator.

9. The use of the software specified in the task (including CAT programs) is a MANDATORY condition of the order.

Formatting

The design of the text of the translation should correspond to the source text as closely as possible. It should retain the division into chapters, paragraphs, paragraphs, observe the alignment of paragraphs (headings, subheadings), font and other methods of highlighting. The paragraphs of the translated text must match the paragraphs of the source text.

In case of technical impossibility or declared by the customer undesirability of preserving the design elements of the source text in the translation text, as well as if the source text was received by the translator in the form of unformatted text, it is recommended, in the absence of other instructions from the customer, to translate in the MS Word text editor format (as the most common ) subject to the following rules:

translation text font - Times New Roman or Arial;

size (font size) - 12;

margins: left - 35 mm, right - 8 mm, top - 20, bottom - at least 19 mm (GOST 6.39–72), or 2.54 cm from each edge (western standard that has received circulation in the Russian Federation);

1. Do not use spaces for text formatting (for example, to align to the center of the page). If it is necessary to separate the text within one cell (in a table), then this can be done using the tab function. To prevent the cursor from moving to the next cell when you press the TAB key in a table, you must press it while holding down the CTRL key.

2. Do not use automatic text recognition programs. It is often almost impossible to make changes to such files at the editing stage so that all other pages do not “move out”. If the translator has independently decided to use the recognition program, he is responsible for removing redundant formatting in the file, i.e. any traces of recognition.

3. The location of the text on the translation page should correspond to the original as much as possible. You can increase/decrease the font size. Page matching is not required in most cases.

4. Figures should be transferred to the translated text. If the inscriptions on the figures are not edited, then it is allowed to use a bilingual correspondence table under the figure.

5. You should transfer as much as possible to the translation all the features of text formatting (highlighting bold, in italics, underlined , strikethrough or capitalized words). If you need to type a large piece of text in capital letters, it is better to type it first as usual, and then, after selecting it, select the property Format - Font - All capital letters. When using the Caps Lock key for typing, the spelling control function in MS Word does not work.

7. When typing a table, you should not type several lines in one cell, separating them with the Enter key. If in this case changes have to be made in one of the columns, then the alignment of the text between the columns will be broken. In other words, each table row must be exactly a table row.

8. When writing dates, numbers, proper names (for example, so that the initials and surname are not on different lines), non-breaking spaces are used (for more information, please refer to the help of your text editor).

9. Portrait/landscape page orientation must be preserved in the translation. If you need to change the orientation of only one page, use the "Page Layout" - "Page Setup" - "Select Portrait / Landscape" function - at the bottom of the window, select "Apply to the end of the document" from the list. This will only change the orientation of the last page.

11. Number the pages using the "Insert - Page Numbers" function.

13. Punctuation in the lists must comply with the rules of Russian spelling.

Translation of various text elements