How many kg does a woman gain during pregnancy. How much is gained during pregnancy? When to consult a doctor

Most couples do not always manage to plan the appearance of a child. But if thoughts about his birth have already appeared, it is necessary to begin advance preparation. Future parents, especially mothers, need to get in shape: get rid of bad habits, pass the necessary tests, adjust their weight and change their diet to a more correct one.
Depending on the number of factors that can harm conception and gestation, it takes from 3 to 6 months to prepare for pregnancy.

Step #1: Health Diagnosis

Before planning a pregnancy, a woman needs a consultation with a gynecologist. An examination will help identify possible diseases that are important to be cured before conception.
Both parents-to-be are strongly encouraged to take health-reflective tests: complete blood count, urinalysis, biochemical blood test, blood test for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and smears for sexually transmitted diseases.
An important nuance of preparing for pregnancy is vaccination against rubella and chickenpox. These diseases can cause malformations in the fetus, premature birth or lead to the death of the unborn baby. Vaccination is recommended for women who have not had rubella and chickenpox.

Spermatozoa mature within 2.5-3 months, so the future dad during this
time is not recommended to undergo X-ray examinations.

Step number 2: recovery of the body after hormonal contraceptives

Protection against conception with the help of hormonal drugs should be discontinued at least 3-6 months before the planned pregnancy. Until 3-4 normal menstrual cycles have passed, gynecologists advise to protect yourself with a condom. This recommendation is related to the effect of hormones on a woman's reproductive function and minimizing the risk of their reflection on the unborn child.

Step #3: Break Bad Habits

For 6-9 months from the alleged pregnancy, a woman must give up all bad habits. Smoking, alcohol and drug use increase the risk of miscarriage, can lead to severe fetal defects, brain damage, drug addiction in a child, or cause sudden infant death syndrome.

Step #4: Proper Nutrition

The nutrition of a woman planning a pregnancy should be balanced and healthy. 2-3 months before conception, it is necessary to reduce coffee consumption to a minimum and include foods rich in zinc, B vitamins and containing folic acid in your diet: fresh herbs (excluding parsley), cabbage, beets, carrots, potatoes, peas, beans, whole grains, bran, seeds and nuts.
Eating right will help you manage your weight. After all, if it is excessive, the risk of diabetes and hypertension is high. And women with insufficient body weight run the risk of not realizing their dream of motherhood due to exhaustion, as their ovulation processes slow down or it is completely absent.

Step #5: Changing Treatments for Chronic Diseases

Pregnancy planning in women with diabetes mellitus, diseases of the cardiovascular system, thyroid gland and kidneys is complicated by taking medications. In this case, 5-6 months before the desired pregnancy, a consultation with your doctor is necessary.
It may be necessary to revise the course of treatment in favor of those drugs that cannot harm the reproductive function and have a negative impact on the health of the fetus.

Goal: healthy and happy pregnancy

It is believed that thought is material. If so, then at least six months before the planned pregnancy, a married couple needs to discuss the upcoming event in their family more often: guess how the pregnancy will go, a girl or a boy will be born, assume the habits of the future baby ... A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle will help to approach the moment of conception prepared both physically and mentally.

Expert: Irina Isaeva, obstetrician-gynecologist
Elena Nersesyan-Brytkova

Pregnancy: weight gain

Women always watch their weight. But there comes a time when doctors begin to observe this indicator. And the aesthetic side of the issue does not bother them.

Until the 28th week of pregnancy, if everything goes well, the doctor examines the patient once a month, and then 2 times a month. Weighing becomes a mandatory procedure for each visit to the gynecologist and part of the "homework". It is better to perform it in the morning, on an empty stomach and in the same clothes, so that the results can be compared later.

Weight gain during pregnancy

In the first 2 months of pregnancy, while the baby and mother are only adapting to mutual coexistence, a woman usually does not gain weight. In addition, at this time, she may be disturbed by toxicosis, which often leads to weight loss. So, in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, there is no intensive increase, the expectant mother usually gains 1-2 kg. The main events occur later, because the body weight of the expectant mother increases mainly in the 2nd half of pregnancy, when the weekly weight gain averages 250-300 g. If the process goes faster, this may mean the appearance of a problem - hidden, and then obvious edema (dropsy of pregnancy).

Let's look at the general rules that are accepted among doctors for calculating possible weight gain during pregnancy. So, for all 9 months of pregnancy, the expectant mother should gain 10-12 kg. It is believed that starting from 30 weeks of pregnancy, a woman's weight increases by about 50 g per day, by 300-400 g per week and no more than 2 kg per month.

To more accurately determine the allowable weight gain and take into account all additional circumstances, the doctor can use the table (see below). In addition, the doctor has at his disposal a scale of average physiological weight gain in the last 3 months of pregnancy. The calculation is as follows: weekly weight gain should not exceed 22 g for every 10 cm of growth. This means that with a height of 150 cm, a woman can add 330 g per week, with a height of 160 cm - 352 g, and with a height of 180 cm - 400 g.

How many kilograms the expectant mother will recover during pregnancy depends on many reasons.

The first of them - age. The older the woman, the greater the tendency to be overweight.

Initial body weight(that is, before pregnancy). It is curious that the greater the weight deficit, the more kilograms the expectant mother has the right to add.

Weight loss due to early toxicosis. The fact is that, having survived the events of toxicosis, the body will try to compensate for the loss of kilograms.

features of the constitution. In this case, it is important whether a woman has a tendency to be overweight or thin.

Child size. If the patient is expected to have a large baby (more than 4000 g), then the placenta will probably be larger than average. Therefore, a woman during pregnancy has the right to gain more weight than if she expected the birth of a small child.

Increased appetite. It happens that during pregnancy, the expectant mother has an unbridled desire to eat and, if she cannot restrain it. There are problems with being overweight.

And now let's see what those same 10-12 kilograms of weight acquired by the expectant mother "leave" for. Indeed, if she recovered during pregnancy, as recommended, by 12 kg, she had a baby weighing 3 kg 300 g, then where are all the others? They are distributed like this:

• child - 3300g;
• uterus - 900 g;
• afterbirth - 400 g;
• amniotic fluid - 900 g;
• increase in the volume of circulating blood - 1200 g;
• mammary glands - 500 g;
• adipose tissue - 2200 g;
• tissue fluid - 2700 g.

And due to what can there be a "bust"? Our calculation shows that excessive weight gain depends on various circumstances: the weight of the child (large fetus), the amount of adipose tissue (weight gain with its initial deficiency), amniotic fluid (in case of polyhydramnios) and tissue fluid (if fluid is retained in the body) . If the first two circumstances are normal phenomena, then the last two are deviations from the norm, they require the attention of a doctor.

It happens that the expectant mother decides to follow a strict diet in order to ... not get better. Someone is afraid to spoil the figure, and someone (mostly women with a narrow pelvis) believe that food restrictions will lead to the birth of a small child. Both in the first and in the second case, these arguments are erroneous. If a woman gains 10-12 kg during pregnancy, then with the help of a reasonable diet and gymnastics, she will definitely regain her former size. Think, because, for example, ballerinas quickly return to shape after childbirth, although they usually add up to 18-20 kg during pregnancy!

You can calculate the allowable weight gain yourself. To do this, you need to know your height and initial weight, which then turns into a BMI (body mass index). Calculate your BMI: BMI = weight (kg) / [height (m2)]. Results:

BMI< 19,8 - slim women

BMI = 19.8 - 26.0- women of average build;

BMI > 26 obese women.

It turns out that a woman has an average physique, which means that at a period of 30 weeks the optimal weight gain for her will be 9.1 kg, and at a period of 40 weeks - 13.6 kg.

For many girls, everything related to pregnancy and childbirth causes a panic state. And when the time comes to think about offspring, fear prevents you from focusing on the main thing - the birth of a child, makes you devote all your thoughts to the possible negative aspects of both processes. There is another extreme - the belief that nature will do everything itself, so there is nothing to worry about at all. Both points of view are wrong. Pregnancy and childbirth are natural processes. But a woman must prepare for them mentally and physically, have enough knowledge about how this happens, do everything in her power for the safe bearing and birth of a healthy baby.

The need for this is caused not only by the material resources of the family. Here the most important thing is the health of both parents, their readiness for the birth of a child, the creation of favorable conditions for this. The process should be started 2-3 months before the intended fertilization. It includes:

• Quit smoking and alcohol;
• Normalization of nutrition with the obligatory use of a large amount of vitamins, trace elements, fiber;
• Healthy physical activity with frequent exposure to fresh air. This part of the preparation is especially useful for a woman, because it is she who will bear the child and give birth, which require endurance and energy expenditure;
• Avoidance of stress.

Actually, there is nothing complicated in these requirements, it would be good for everyone to lead such a lifestyle all the time.

Which doctors should be visited

Future parents should definitely be examined by doctors. A woman needs to visit doctors of the following specialties:

• Gynecologist. It is good that this is a specialist who will then observe the entire pregnancy. He should know about past illnesses, childbirth, abortions. The gynecologist will need the results of tests for flora, cytology, viral infections (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis), PCR studies for venereal infections, cytomegalovirus, as well as information on the body's susceptibility to rubella,;
• Dentist. Before pregnancy, you need to get rid of infections in the oral cavity, caries;
• Cardiologist;
• Otorhinolaryngologist;
• Allergist;
• Endocrinologist.

In addition to the above analyses, more research needs to be done:

• Ultrasound of the reproductive organs and mammary glands;
• Blood and urine tests (general and biochemical);
• Hormone levels;
• Ultrasound of the thyroid gland.

If a woman is not the first attempt to get pregnant, the specialist may consider it necessary to prescribe:

• Colposcopy of the cervix;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Biopsy of the endometrium.

Taking oral contraceptives, as well as protection using the IUD, should be interrupted 2-3 months before conception. If there are genetic diseases in the family or one of the future parents had radiation exposure, it is worth visiting the appropriate specialist.

In order for conception to occur exactly when future parents want it, it is necessary to calculate the most favorable days for it. Ovulation occurs at about 11-16, if you count from the first day of menstruation.

The most important thing during pregnancy

There are many nuances in this period that you should know so that everything goes harmoniously and safely for the woman and the unborn baby. Proper behavior will help avoid many potential problems.

Tests

A woman will be able to understand that she is pregnant, based on her own well-being. But it will be a little later, but until the first signs appear, a pregnancy test will come to the rescue. Whatever it is, its functioning is based on the determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in the urine, which appears immediately after the implantation of the embryo inside the uterus, that is, 7-10 days after conception. And if you do a test on the first day of the expected, but not arrived menstruation, it will be informative. These devices are of several types:

• Test strips. Impregnated with a reagent that, when immersed in morning urine, gives a result with an accuracy of up to 95% in 5-10 seconds. If another control line appears next to the existing control line, the woman is pregnant;
• Tablet. Able to indicate pregnancy with a delay of less than a week. A drop of morning urine is placed in a designated window. After a while, the result is visible in the adjacent rectangle;
• Jet. It will detect pregnancy with high accuracy at the earliest possible date. The receiving tip of the device is placed under the stream of urine, and the result will be visible in a few minutes in the window intended for this.

It happens that tests give out information that does not correspond to reality. The reason for this is a violation of instructions or taking drugs containing hCG.

How to determine the term

To track pregnancy, it is necessary for both the doctor and the expectant mother to know her term. This is the basis for the appointment of studies, monitoring the development of the fetus, the possibility of detecting pathology. Thanks to the knowledge of the term, it is easy to determine the date of the upcoming birth. There are several counting methods:

• On the day of ovulation. It happens around the middle of the cycle. If it is 28 days, then conception occurred 14 days after the start date of the last menstruation. It is possible to identify the day of ovulation by regular measurements of basal temperature;
• With the help of ultrasound. The screen clearly shows the size of the fetal egg, according to which the doctor will calculate the term. This method is most informative up to 24 weeks;
• Examination of the uterus. The gynecologist will determine the period by its size, starting from the 5th week, when the organ begins to grow;
• By the first movement of the fetus. As a rule, this happens at 18-20 weeks, sometimes at the 16th. It's a bit late, but some inattentive women find out about pregnancy just like that.

How to live with pregnancy

The lifestyle should be aimed at ensuring the normal development of the unborn child and the well-being of the woman. This does not mean that all pleasures become inaccessible, but the life of the expectant mother becomes more streamlined:

• It is necessary to monitor nutrition so that the fetus receives enough vitamins and minerals. You should forget about coffee, green tea, seafood, legumes for now, less carbohydrates, from which weight grows. But meat, fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits are not forbidden in the diet;
• Take vitamins as directed by your doctor. Folic acid is especially important. But vitamin A needs moderate doses, otherwise the child is threatened with pathology;
• Rest and comfort are the main components of the daily routine. This also applies to clothes and underwear. Sleep should be at least 8 hours, mental, physical and emotional stress is reduced. Important 1.5-hour walks in the fresh air, exercises to strengthen the spine, abdominal muscles, perineum;
• The use of transport should be limited due to possible shaking, which creates unwanted vibration;
• Lifting weights and shock domestic labor, especially with the use of chemicals, are prohibited;
• Alcohol and smoking are the enemies of pregnancy. Even infrequent use can provoke deformities in a child;
• Medicinal preparations and plants are taken only as prescribed by a doctor;
• You should still take care of yourself carefully, but without the use of toxic cosmetics, acrylic and ammonia materials, solarium, and hardware methods. Care and hygiene products are better to choose those that are specially designed for pregnant women;
• The breast is prepared for future feeding by washing with warm and cool water, air baths for 10 minutes 3 times a day;
• With a normal pregnancy, vaginal sex is not prohibited. With an increase in the term, it is only necessary to protect the growing belly from pressure on it.

Poor health is not uncommon in different periods of pregnancy. Typical problems in women:

• Toxicosis. It manifests itself from the beginning of pregnancy with nausea, vomiting, aversion to food and certain smells. By the 12th week, toxicosis disappears, but even before this time, its symptoms can be alleviated by eating a piece of salty biscuit with sweetened weak tea in the morning, drinking 1.5 liters of fluid per day, reducing portions and increasing the number of meals to 6;
• in the legs. The enlarged uterus compresses the blood vessels, so the blood supply to the muscles is disrupted. The body may be deficient in calcium and potassium. Products containing these microelements will help, mini-exercises with squeezing and unclenching the toes;
• Vertigo. They can occur for various reasons: stuffiness, tightness, fatigue. You can deal with a problem by avoiding the conditions that create it;
• Insomnia. It is caused by anxiety and changes in the body that provoke the need to go to the toilet often, the inability to choose a comfortable position due to the stomach. Sleeping at the same hours, drinking warm milk shortly before it, daytime rest will help;
• . You can fix the problem if you drink a glass of water after waking up, and add lemon juice to it before eating, walk a lot, introduce prunes and dried apricots into the diet.

Childbirth: readiness #1

In the entire chain of childbearing, this is what women fear the most. Childbirth is a serious test, but the vast majority of mothers have successfully overcome it. In addition, experts are always ready to help.

What to take to the hospital

Necessary things and documents should be prepared in advance. Before giving birth, you need to take with you only those that are needed directly for the woman and the newborn. Everything else is collected and left for later, these things will later be brought by a happy father.
The documents:

• The passport;
• Exchange card;
• The results of the latest analyzes to date;
• Medical policy;
• Birth certificate;
• Agreement with the clinic (if concluded).

Things for childbirth and stay in the ward:

• Spacious nightgown;
• Socks, thin and thicker, but not woolen;
• Hygiene items (soap, comb, brush and toothpaste, napkins, toilet paper);
• A pair of small terry towels;
• Robe;
• Washable slippers with non-slip soles.

Items that will be needed after childbirth and at discharge:

• Sanitary pads and disposable underwear for mom;
• 2 with front closure;
• Cream for nipple cracks;
• Laxative candles;
• Pampers for a newborn 1 set. Another is bought already in accordance with the size of the baby;
• Baby soap, cream, soft towel;
• Sterile cotton;
• Thin and thick vests, bonnets, diapers, mittens;
• A blanket or "envelope", a hat, overalls, socks for discharge. All things according to the weather;
• Clothes and cosmetics for mom. The one in which the woman came to the hospital is likely to be great.

How is childbirth

Healthy women give birth to a child in a natural way, that is, through the birth canal. The process, assisted by a midwife or doctor, is divided into 3 phases:

• The first is counted from the beginning of regular contractions until the cervix is ​​fully dilated by 4 cm. This is the longest part - 8-10 hours. Sometimes the process is stimulated with medications;
• The second lasts 3-4 hours. The contractions intensify and become more frequent, the fetal bladder opens and the water leaves. The cervix opens up to 6-8 cm, and the fetus moves to the level of the pelvic floor;
• The third is characterized by the opening of the uterine os by 10-12 cm and lasts from 20 minutes to 2 hours. It passes into the main part of childbirth, although it feels like the activity of the process is weakening. But this is not so, it is after the full opening of the cervix that the fetal head passes through the pelvic ring, and after 8-10 attempts by the mother, the baby comes out. Sometimes, to facilitate this part of the path, the woman's perineum is dissected.

During the first two phases, the woman is allowed to sit up and walk around to stimulate labor. In some clinics, the process takes place with anesthesia. The condition of the woman in labor is monitored by measuring pressure, temperature, and doing vaginal examinations.

After the birth of the child and the cessation of pulsation in the umbilical cord, it is cut. The afterbirth comes out of the uterus after 2-3 contractions, the woman is given drugs to prevent bleeding.

C-section

It should be prescribed according to indications, but sometimes it is done at the request of a woman. The planned operation is carried out as follows:

• On the operating table, a woman is given an epidural or general anesthesia. They put a dropper and an apparatus for measuring pressure, as well as a catheter for diverting urine;
• The woman's stomach is wiped with an antiseptic, the doctor dissects the abdominal wall and the anterior uterus, removes the child, and cuts the umbilical cord. It takes 10-15 minutes;
• The surgeon separates the placenta, examines the uterine cavity, sews up the organ. Then the seams are applied to the abdominal wall, bandage and ice on top;
• The woman is placed in intensive care for a day, where saline and antibiotics are administered.

After transfer to the ward, the stitches are processed every day, the painkiller is stopped after 3-4 days.

Usually the baby is applied to the breast on the third day after birth, and before that the woman has to express herself. It hurts, but it is necessary that then you can feed for at least 6 months, and preferably up to a year. In this regard, new mothers are concerned about two problems:

• lack of milk;
• Cracked nipples.

The first is solved by frequent attachment of the child to the breast, taking lactation-stimulating drugs: infusion of anise seeds, grated carrots with sour cream. A woman will have to drink plenty of fluids and eat right to prevent gas formation in the baby.

Cracked nipples should be treated with special creams and air baths. It is also necessary to learn how to properly breastfeed the baby so that he captures the nipple along with the areola.

body after childbirth

In this part, the stomach delivers the most suffering to women. He is no longer as flat as before, during pregnancy, the muscles stretched and sagged slightly. But you don't have to put up with it. Some steps can be taken:

• Change nutrition. If you include oatmeal, rice, vegetables, fruits in your diet, drink plenty of water, this will spur metabolic processes. Fat from the abdomen will slowly but steadily begin to go away. Do not forget that a large amount of fiber is harmful to the baby if he is breastfed. And starvation is unacceptable, because the milk will disappear. Therefore, in your zeal for harmony, you need to know the measure;
• Restore muscle tone. Gentle exercises for the abdomen will help: abdominal breathing, its tension on a walk, doing household chores. You need to increase the load gradually, you can intensively engage in six months after childbirth, if they passed without complications.

postpartum discharge

The uterus after childbirth is not restored in a day. This process is stretched for a certain period, during which the woman has lochia. At first, they contain a lot of blood, then they gradually brighten and by the end of the 6-8th week after birth they become transparent or white.

Menstruation can come in 1.5-2 months if the woman is not breastfeeding. Lactation lengthens the period without menstruation to six months. But on average and with breastfeeding, they begin on the 4th month after childbirth, because by this time the child is already being introduced to complementary foods and less is being applied to the breast.

Sex after childbirth

You will have to refrain from it for another 4-6 weeks if the birth was normal. The sexual sphere of a woman should be fully restored, then sex will be a joy, and will not cause pain and infection.
After a caesarean section or perineal lacerations, recovery will take 2 months.

At the first sexual intercourse, a woman may feel pain and discomfort. This is due to the dryness of the vagina, which can be corrected with a lubricant, but rather a long prelude to the act. Wall tone is almost always reduced. But this problem is also solvable by training the vagina with Kegel exercises.

The birth and development of a child is the most extraordinary and wonderful event in a woman's life. The expectant mother will have a journey of 40 weeks, all this time she will carry the baby in herself, and her body will supply him with oxygen and essential nutrients.

Future parents always have a lot of questions, the answers to which will give pregnancy Calendar, he will tell you in detail about each stage of pregnancy, about what happens to a woman and a baby during this period, about the signs of pregnancy, its course and possible complications, about the emotional and physical changes in the female body. It must be remembered that each person is individual, respectively, and pregnancy can proceed differently for each woman. The average duration of pregnancy is 40 weeks, but you need to know that childbirth can begin both 2 weeks earlier and a week later.

Calendar pregnancy by week will give general ideas, advice and recommendations, give confidence and dispel fears, help a woman make the expectation of a baby joyful, calm and pleasant. The calendar provides information about each trimester, as well as each week of pregnancy.

1st trimester (1-12 weeks) in the weekly pregnancy calendar

The first weeks of pregnancy are the most crucial period, at this time all the main organs of the child and the placenta begin to form, with the help of which the baby will receive the necessary nutrients. The first 12 weeks is a critical period in a child's development. During this period, there is a high risk of miscarriage, so it is important to carefully follow the doctor's advice.

From the first weeks of pregnancy, a woman should monitor her condition, this calendar will help you pregnancy by week. At the beginning of pregnancy, it is necessary to rest and be in the fresh air as much as possible, because the female body is being rebuilt to a new regime, and it needs help. It is necessary to listen to your condition and change the daily routine, leaving as much time as possible for rest. During this period, weakness, fatigue, frequent mood swings, anxiety, tearfulness may appear. Some women may develop an aversion to smells, morning sickness, and vomiting. These are frequent companions of early pregnancy, in the future they will cease to bother, and the woman will feel much better. Mint tea, green apples, rye crackers help with morning sickness. If toxicosis gives a woman severe discomfort, you should consult a doctor.

With the onset of pregnancy, the female breast increases in volume, it becomes sensitive, touching it can cause a painful sensation. After about 3-4 weeks, the discomfort disappears. During pregnancy, women are advised to wear comfortable cotton underwear that supports but does not constrict the breasts.

Also during this period, a woman may experience constipation, this is due to a decrease in intestinal motility. It is necessary to avoid heavy food, eat often and in small portions, include foods that have a laxative effect in the diet. During pregnancy, urination becomes more frequent. This is normal, no need to reduce the amount of liquid - drink as much as you want.

In the first trimester of the weekly pregnancy calendar, women gain 1-2 kg in weight, but this may not happen. Some women, on the contrary, lose some weight.

During this period, it is necessary to undergo a standard examination by a gynecologist - take a urine test, blood test, determine the blood type and Rh factor, undergo a blood test for antibodies to toxoplasmosis, rubella, hepatitis B and C, syphilis, HIV, etc. The doctor also will help you create a personal diet and give individual recommendations for your pregnancy calendar.

During pregnancy, a woman should eat properly and in a balanced way (eat more vegetables, fruits, herbs, meat, dairy products, etc.), give up bad habits, and not take medications unnecessarily. According to the doctor's recommendations, you need to take special multivitamins for pregnant women, containing a complex of vitamins and minerals.

1-3 weeks. A new cycle begins, the mother's egg and the father's sperm merge, from this moment the intrauterine period of the baby's life begins. The fetal egg begins to move towards the uterine cavity and penetrate into its mucous membrane. The uterine mucosa grows and envelops the fetal egg, a placenta is formed, which will protect the baby and supply him with nutrients throughout the pregnancy. During this period (it is called critical), the embryo is very vulnerable, it is sensitive to the mother’s diseases, her bad habits, medication, harmful working conditions, etc. Under the influence of any of the above factors, the development of the embryo may be disturbed, which will lead to interruption pregnancy.

4th week of pregnancy calendar week by week. The length of the embryo is no more than 1 mm. From this week, the baby's organs begin to form, there are already rudiments of skin, bone, muscle and cartilage tissue. The internal organs of the embryo are represented by prototypes of the blood and lymphatic vessels, liver, kidneys and spleen. During this period, the baby's head begins to form. The fourth week is very important for the child, since it is during this period that the extra-embryonic organs develop, which will provide the baby with nutrition, respiration and protection.

5th week. The growth of the baby is already about 1.25–1.5 mm, the uterus is slightly increasing in size. During this period, the heart and upper respiratory tract begin to form, blood vessels begin to form, the rudiments of the pancreas and liver appear. Fifth week to pregnancy calendar- this is the optimal time for a pregnancy test, since during this period the level of human chorionic gonadotropin becomes higher. But it is possible to accurately determine the fact of pregnancy only according to ultrasound.

6th week. The growth of the baby is 2–4 mm, and by the end of the week it is already 6–7 mm, the rudiments of arms and legs appear on the tiny body, parts of the brain, ears, mouth, nose and eyes begin to form. The heart continues to form, during this period it divides into atria and ventricles, a good ultrasound scanner is already able to catch the contractions of a tiny heart. The primary kidneys, liver and pancreas have already formed. In the sixth week, the baby's brain begins to form.

7th week. The baby has grown to 8-10 mm, and its weight is about 0.8 g. The child already has hands and feet, the brain continues to develop intensively, the digestive tract and lungs begin to form. During this period, the baby begins to take shape in a tiny face.

8th week. Height is 14–20 mm, weight is about 3 g. The uterus resembles a goose egg in size, upon examination, an obstetrician-gynecologist can already determine its growing size and identify possible deviations and inconsistencies standard pregnancy calendar. Tiny fingers appear on the baby's hands and feet, ears, nose and upper lip appear. During this period, the child can make the first spontaneous movements, his arms begin to bend at the elbows. During this period, the formation of a tiny heart is completed, its communication with the vessels improves.

9th week. Height is about 30-45 mm, weight - 4 g. The intensive development of the brain continues, the cerebellum begins to form. The baby's eyes are already formed, but still tightened with a membrane. The baby begins to move, he already has muscles. The arms and legs of the child continue to take shape.

10th week. The baby has grown to 50-60 mm, its weight is about 5 g. It is still quite tiny, but all the main organs and parts of the body have already formed. Now they will grow and develop, the critical period is over, the fruitful period of development is coming. Also during this period, the development of milk teeth begins.

11th week. Height is 70–80 mm, weight is 8–10 g. The baby is growing rapidly, he can already raise his head, the neck is gradually developing and strengthening. The brain and internal organs develop intensively, the kidneys begin to work. The child has already appeared genitals, the formation of the sternum is being completed. During this period, the iris of the eyeballs begins to form in the baby. The number of blood vessels in the placenta increases, because it must nourish the grown baby. To cope with increased blood circulation, the mother's heart begins to beat faster.

12th week pregnancy calendar. Height 90 mm, weight 9–15 g. All organs and parts of the body have already formed by the end of the 12th week, then they will grow and develop. The fetus is already formed, he has reflexes, the baby can move freely in the uterine cavity, open his mouth, move his fingers, squint, but the woman does not yet feel his movements. The uterus by this time increases in width by approximately 10 cm and reaches the edge of the pubic arch (pubis). At this time, doctors recommend that a woman do an ultrasound, during which you can see how the baby is moving. By the end of the 12th week, the external genitalia are already visible, it is still impossible to distinguish them with a conventional ultrasound, but ultrasound will help the doctor more accurately determine the date of birth.

2nd trimester (13th-27th weeks) in the calendar pregnancy by week.

By the beginning of the second trimester, many women begin to feel much better, the body adapts to pregnancy, early morning sickness and debilitating morning sickness pass. The woman has an appetite. Nutrition needs to be given special attention. Protein-rich foods (lean meat, fish, poultry, cottage cheese, dairy products) must be present in the diet of a pregnant woman. As well as foods rich in vitamins and minerals (vegetables, berries, fruits, herbs). But sweet, fatty, spicy, fried and canned foods must be discarded. It is also necessary to continue taking multivitamin complexes for pregnant women.

In the second trimester, a woman begins to gain weight, she will need more spacious and comfortable clothes, the doctor may recommend wearing a special bandage. As a rule, doctors advise women to strive to add no more than 5-7 kg in the second trimester. In women who are underweight, the increase may be greater, and in women who are overweight, it should not exceed 3 kg. It must be remembered that each pregnancy is individual, the size, height of the fundus of the uterus and abdomen are also individual. Only a specialist can assess the development and condition of a child in the womb, draw up a whiter individual pregnancy calendar.

During the second trimester, a woman's hips expand, her stomach increases significantly, this affects posture and causes anxiety during sleep. It is necessary to find the optimal position for sleeping, you can put a pillow under your legs and chest. But you can’t lie on your back for a long time, you need to sleep on your side.
In the second trimester, a woman may experience heartburn, as the growing uterus puts a lot of pressure on the intestines. It is recommended to eat food in small portions, oatmeal porridge is very useful, it has the ability to bind acid and envelop the stomach. Medicines and preparations should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor.

Also, a woman may experience increased vaginal discharge and sweating. Unpleasant sensations may appear in the lower abdomen and lower back, this is due to the fact that the growing uterus compresses nearby tissues. It is necessary to go to the toilet more often, a full bladder increases discomfort.
During this period, the expectant mother increases the load on the heart, and small nose and gum bleeding may also occur. This is due to increased blood circulation, which increases the load on the blood vessels and capillaries in the gums and sinuses.

If a woman feels well, then she can exercise, do yoga, go to the pool. A pregnant woman should be in the fresh air as often as possible, walk and move. It is better to write down all your feelings, so that later you can discuss them with your doctor. It is also recommended to visit the School of Maternity, this will help prepare for childbirth and avoid possible complications.

13th week. The growth of the crumbs is already 10-11 cm, weight - 16-25 g. A tiny body is growing, the child's head is a third of the total size. By this period, the baby's milk teeth have formed, but the eyelids are fused, the eyes will not open soon. Some babies can already suck their thumb. During this period, tissue is laid, from which the bones of the baby will then be formed.

14th week of the calendar pregnancy by week. Height 12–13 cm, weight 30–40 g. The baby already knows how to frown, screw up his eyes, grimace, tumble, suck his thumb. The baby's kidneys produce urine, and the baby urinates into the amniotic fluid. During this period, the face continues to take shape, the bridge of the nose, ears and cheeks are formed. At the 14th week, according to the standard pregnancy calendar, the baby has a fluffy eyebrow, a slight hint of hair on the head, an embryonic fluff appears, repeating the pattern of the skin. The fluff performs a protective function, delaying the secret secreted by the child's body. The internal organs of the baby continue to develop intensively, the thyroid gland produces hormones. Boys already have a prostate, and girls already have ovaries.

15th week. Height 13-14 cm, weight 50 g. The baby's heartbeat is already very well determined, the doctor can hear it with a stethoscope. The fetus has tiny fingers formed, the pads have a pattern, and the nail plates begin to form. The baby learns to breathe, he draws amniotic fluid into the lungs and pushes them out. The waters are renewed several times a day, which ensures sterility and the necessary chemical composition. The baby swallows amniotic fluid, which contributes to the development of the swallowing reflex and taste sensations. Thin threads of blood vessels shine through the baby's skin. The child continues to form bones and bone marrow. The gallbladder begins to secrete bile. The hairs on the head begin to acquire color, a pigment is produced that is responsible for the color of the hair.

16th week. Height 16 cm, weight 80–100 g. The baby can already hold his head straight, the muscles of the face are fully formed, the child makes faces, frowns, opens his mouth. Eyes and ears have almost already taken their final location. The baby's bones continue to form. The legs of the crumbs lengthened and became proportional in relation to the body, the coordination of movements of the arms and legs increased. At 16 weeks, the woman's uterus is located between the navel and the pubis, the bottom of the uterus is palpable through the anterior abdominal wall. Women who have given birth before may begin to feel fetal movement. These signs indicate that your pregnancy Calendar complies with the norms of proper development

17th week. Height is 18 cm, weight is 120–130 g. All joints are already developed in the crumbs, the skeleton gradually becomes ossified, the muscular system continues to develop actively. The baby's milk teeth continue to develop, gradually they are covered with dentin, by the end of the week, permanent teeth begin to form under the milk teeth. The baby's hearing improves, he already reacts to noise. The expectant mother can talk to the baby, sing songs to him and tell fairy tales. Rest assured, the baby is listening very carefully. The skin of the baby is still very thin, without subcutaneous fat, but “brown fat” is already beginning to be deposited. The doctor can clearly hear the beating of a tiny heart, the heart rate is 120-135 beats per minute. Together with the baby, the placenta also grows, its weight is 480 g, the umbilical cord becomes thicker and stronger.

18th week. Height 20 cm, weight 150 g. The child is becoming more active, although he sleeps most of the time, the baby begins to form a rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. During this period, many mothers already feel the movement of the fetus. At first, the sensations are not clear enough, but this is only the beginning. In the future, the expectant mother will be able to feel well when the baby is sleeping and when she is awake.

19th week. The height of the baby is about 24 cm, and the weight is about 200 g. The baby's arms and legs become proportional, the baby's head is gradually covered with hairs. The baby develops basic senses. The baby's brain continues to develop, the baby's movements become more and more conditioned, the lungs develop, the blood flow increases, the bronchioles grow. The eyes are still closed, but already reacting to light, the baby can distinguish light from darkness. From this period begins the formation of fat. Mom begins to feel the movements of her baby more and more clearly.

20th week. Height 25 cm, weight 270 g. The baby continues to grow and develop actively, this tiny little man already has hairs on his head and tiny nails on his fingers. The skin of the crumbs thickens, becomes four-layered. During this period, doctors recommend a second ultrasound examination to the woman. This is an extremely important stage of diagnosis, at this time the doctor can examine all the vital organs of the child.

21st week. Height 27 cm, weight about 300 g. The baby's eyebrows and eyelids have already fully formed, taste buds have begun to form on the tongue. The baby moves freely inside the uterus, somersaults, pushes off the uterine wall with his limbs, plays with the umbilical cord, his movements become more energetic and confident. The baby can arbitrarily change its position - it can lie down across the uterine cavity, it can turn its head up or down.

22nd week. The kid has grown up to 28 cm, his weight is 350 g. He already looks like a real baby. The skin is still wrinkled, the fluff already covers the entire body. The baby's eyes continue to develop, the lips become more distinct. The hairs continue to grow, the baby's perception improves every day, he is actively learning to control his body.

23rd week of the calendar pregnancy by week. The height of the child is about 29 cm, weight - about 450 g. The baby begins to intensively build up fat, the blood vessels of the lungs develop. The baby is becoming more active, he swallows amniotic fluid, which can cause hiccups. Mom can feel the baby hiccups, bouncing slightly inside. The first stool (meconium) appears in the intestines.

24th week. Height is 30 cm, weight is about 530 g. The baby is getting bigger, continues to store adipose tissue. The child is already cramped in the uterus, he can no longer somersault and roll over. The baby constantly listens to mom and the outside world, he feels the emotions that mom experiences (fear, joy, fear, excitement). The baby's respiratory system continues to develop. By the end of the week, the uterus has already reached the navel. During this period, the doctor may prescribe an ultrasound Doppler to the woman, which will allow to assess the state of blood flow in the vessels of the uterus, umbilical cord and fetus. Based on the data obtained, the doctor will be able to judge whether the baby is receiving enough nutrients. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe a set of drugs that will help the placenta supply the baby with everything necessary.

25th week. Height 32 cm, weight 700 g. The baby continues to intensively strengthen the bone and joint system, the growth of adipose tissue continues. The wrinkled skin of the baby is slowly straightened out. The sex of the baby has finally been determined - the testicles of the boys begin to descend into the scrotum, the vagina is formed in the girls. Every day the baby becomes more and more agile, he already knows how to squeeze his tiny hands into fists and grab his legs.

26th week. Height 33 cm, weight 800–900 g. The baby begins to slightly open his eyes, by this time they are almost fully formed. The taste buds are fully formed, the child is already able to distinguish between sweet and sour. The baby hears sounds better, talk to him as much as possible, listen to good music, tell stories.

27th week. The height of the baby is about 34 cm, weight about 1 kg. The baby has already learned to open and close its eyes. The baby is already viable, all the main organ systems have already been formed and are working, in the future the child’s weight will increase and the functional development of his organs will occur. From this moment on, the baby already has every chance of surviving in case of premature birth. By the end of the week, the uterus rises above the navel by 4-6 cm.

3rd trimester (weeks 28-40) in the calendar pregnancy by week

There have been many changes in the body of the expectant mother. If your personal pregnancy Calendar does not differ much from the standard, then the following changes occur in your body at this time: in the third trimester, the uterus will continue to grow and put pressure on nearby organs - the bladder, ureter, rectum. Since the uterus presses on the nerve plexuses, a woman may experience stabbing pains in the muscles of her legs. The woman's diaphragm rises, breathing becomes shallow, shortness of breath may occur. A very useful exercise is to alternate deep inhalation with exhalation, which must be done in a sitting or lying position. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the volume of circulating blood increases significantly, and the expectant mother's pulse quickens. It is necessary to control the level of blood pressure, as well as the amount of salt and fluid consumed. It is recommended to measure blood pressure daily, in the usual home environment.

In the third trimester of the calendar pregnancy by week you need to ensure that weight gain does not exceed 300 g per week. It must be remembered that diets are excluded during pregnancy, nutrition should be balanced. On average, over the entire period of pregnancy, weight gain ranges from 10 to 13 kg. But every woman is different.

The mammary glands increase in volume, sometimes a light-colored liquid (colostrum) can be released from the nipples. A pregnant woman is recommended to wear special cotton bras that do not squeeze the breasts. It is recommended to wear a bandage. This will relieve pressure on the lower part of the uterus and cervix, prevent stretching of the muscles and skin of the abdomen, reduce the load on the lower back and relieve back pain.

In the third trimester, a woman may continue to experience heartburn. Swelling may appear on the arms, legs, and face. In this case, you need to control the amount of fluid you drink and excrete. With edema, the doctor may prescribe herbs that have diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties (lingonberry leaves, juniper fruits and leaves, etc.). Cranberry juice is also very useful.

In the third trimester, a woman should not lie on her back, since in this case the uterus prevents the flow of blood to the right side of the heart. As a result, dizziness, decreased pressure and loss of consciousness may occur. You can lie only on your side, preferably on the right. You need to get up smoothly, without making sudden movements. A woman should report all disturbing sensations to the doctor. If you experience headaches, nausea, dizziness, stomach pain, sudden vision problems, you should immediately consult a doctor.

28th week. The height of the baby is about 35 cm, and the weight is 1100 g. During this period, the baby can already open his eyes, blink his eyes and can see the light. The eyes are framed with thin cilia. Fat accumulation continues. The brain continues to develop, the cortex already has developed convolutions and grooves. The baby can be located in the uterus forward head or feet. He still has enough time to get into the right position.

29th week. Height 36 cm, weight 1150-1250 g. The child continues to grow and prepares for birth, by this time he has learned to regulate his body temperature. The baby constantly reminds of himself, kicking and pushing his mother with his elbows and knees. Gradually, the immune system begins to work. Enamel appeared on the teeth.

30th week. Height 37 cm, weight 1400 g. The baby continues to develop vision, the eyes are wide open and react to light. Hair continues to grow on the head.

31st week. Height 39-40 cm, weight 1500-1600 g. The baby continues to grow, the skin becomes pink, white adipose tissue is deposited under the skin, the baby's body is rounded.

32nd week. The height of the child is about 42 cm, weight - about 1800. The baby's face is smoothed out, his head is covered with real hairs. The nervous system continues to develop, the head becomes proportional to the body. The uterus during this period is already located between the sternum and the navel.

33rd week. Height is about 43 cm, weight is about 2000. The kid continues to accumulate fat and actively explores the world, he listens to sounds and, perhaps, peers into the shadows.

34th week. Height 44 cm, weight 2250-2300 g. The child continues to accumulate white fat, his skin becomes pink and smooth. The lungs and nervous system ripen, the baby's body intensively takes calcium to build bone tissue. Babies born in the period starting from the 34th week are ordinary children who do not experience any health problems in the future. During this period, the doctor may prescribe cardiac monitoring for the baby. During the study, the study records the rhythm of the heartbeats and motor activity of the baby.

35th week. Height 45 cm, weight 2550 g. The kid continues to actively gain weight and store the fat layer, the internal organs continue to improve. Soon the baby should begin to descend, the walls of the uterus begin to crowd him.

36th week. Height 45–46 cm, weight 2750 g. The baby is actively preparing for birth, if he is born at the end of the week, he will already be considered full-term. The uterus of the future mother reaches its maximum rise, its bottom is located at the costal arches.

37th week. Height 47 cm, weight 2950 g. The baby can be born at any time. Changes are taking place in his nervous system, a protective sheath is being formed around the nerves. The mother's body begins to actively prepare for childbirth - the tissues of the vagina soften, the muscles of the uterus and pelvis become more elastic. In response to fetal movement, the uterus begins to contract. At this time, the pregnancy may end, this is quite normal and corresponds to the normal weekly pregnancy calendar.

38th week. Height 47-48 cm, weight 3100 g. The child continues to gain weight and continues to prepare for life outside the womb. The germinal down is almost gone.

39th week. The height of the baby is about 48-49 cm, weight - 3250 g. Subcutaneous fat continues to form, the baby is preparing to meet the world. The gun on the body is almost gone.

40th week. The height of the baby is 49–50 cm, weight is 3400–3500 g. The mother has a feeling that the uterus is lowering a little, the child, preparing for birth, presses on the cervix. Before birth, the baby's head descends and presses against the bones of the pelvis. That's it, a new man has come into the world. We wish you and your baby health and longevity!

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It is clear that an increase in body weight for a pregnant woman is a completely normal phenomenon. The question is how much is gained during pregnancy and what weight gain is considered normal.

The norm is 12 kg., That's how much you need to gain during pregnancy. On average, the body weight of pregnant women increases by 7-16 kg. How many kg. gain during pregnancy depends on many factors: the weight of the woman before pregnancy, the weight of the fetus, the characteristics of the mother's body, the presence or absence of diseases, diet, physical activity, etc.

For fragile ladies with underweight before pregnancy, a set of about 14-15 kg is considered normal, for women with a normal weight - 12 kg, for large women - about 9 kg. If there is more than one child (multiple pregnancy), then the normal weight gain is 14-22 kg.

Why does pregnancy gain weight?

In the first few weeks, a woman needs to accumulate a layer of adipose tissue in order to prepare the body for milk production and breastfeeding. Fat reserves are stored after childbirth, being consumed gradually.

More than half of the total increase in body weight of a pregnant woman occurs in the fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid. The "extra pounds" of expectant mothers are distributed in this way:

• fruit - about 3 kg;
• placenta - 0.6 kg;
• uterus (increases in size during pregnancy) - 0.97 kg;
• amniotic fluid - 0.85 kg;
• increase in blood volume - 1.4 kg;
• body fat - 2.3 kg;
• increase in the volume of extracellular fluid - 1.5 kg;
• breast enlargement - 0.4 kg.

Remember that the fetus grows slowly in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy and very quickly in the second 20 weeks. The reverse situation with the weight of the placenta. Amniotic fluid begins to grow only from the 10th week, by 20 weeks its volume reaches 300 ml, by 30 - 600 ml, by 35 - 1000 ml, then the volume decreases slightly.

Scheme of probable weight gain

The most accurate indicators for comparison and analysis are calculated using BMI - body mass index, which is obtained by dividing a person's body weight in kilograms by his height, expressed in meters squared. Use good online weight calculators. With the help of them, you will find out how much you should have already collected.

Schemes have been developed for the probable weight gain of pregnant women depending on BMI by weeks of pregnancy. If the BMI is less than 19.8, then this is a lack of weight, with a BMI of 19.8-26 - normal body weight, with a BMI of more than 26 - overweight, with a BMI of more than 29 - obesity.

How much you can gain during pregnancy depends on the initial BMI too. With a BMI of less than 19.8, you can gain 15 kg, with a BMI of 19.8-26, the set rate is 12 kg, with a BMI of more than 26, about 9 kg.

Weight gain by pregnancy

At different stages of pregnancy, the rate of weight gain and the absolute rates of weight gain differ. On average, in the first ten weeks of pregnancy, there is an increase of 0.2 kg per week. From weeks 10 to 20, weight gain should be approximately 0.3 kg per week. From the 20th to the 30th - 0.4 kg per week. From the 30th to the 40th - again 0.3 kg per week. In the 9th month, the weight decreases, unlike the 8th month. How much weight gain during pregnancy, in theory, is calculated by weeks, trimesters, in absolute units and as a percentage. However, these are all approximate average indicators that do not take into account the individual characteristics of each particular case.

When to consult a doctor

You should contact your doctor if:

• for 2 weeks of pregnancy, there is no weight gain at all (not counting the time of early toxicosis);
• recovered in a week by more than 1 kg in the third trimester;
• the actual increase differs significantly from the planned one;
• if there are jumps in body weight.

In any case, only the doctor conducting the observation individually decides how much to gain for pregnancy.