Octopus self-propelled unit. The new light self-propelled unit will replace the "octopus-sd"

In the Pskov region, at the Struga Krasny training ground, during the gathering of the leadership of the artillery of the Airborne Forces, the capabilities of the latest self-propelled anti-tank gun (SPTP) "Sprut-SDM-1".

The demonstration of the capabilities of the promising combat complex was carried out with the participation of special and reconnaissance artillery units of the Pskov Airborne Division, which provided target designation and corrected the fire of anti-tank weapons using Orlan-type UAVs, Aistenok * and Sobolyatnik radar systems **.

Self-propelled anti-tank gun 2S25M "Octopus-SDM-1" It is planned to replace the previous SPTP modification 2S25, which has been in service with the Airborne Forces for more than 10 years."Octopus-SDM1" was first demonstrated at the International Military-Technical Forum "Army-2015". The self-propelled gun is a development of the previous 2S25 model and, after testing, should go into service with the Airborne Forces. According to military experts, this self-propelled unit is the best in the world and significantly outperforms all available foreign analogues of this class.

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The main armament is a 125-mm 2A75M cannon, capable of firing armor-piercing sub-caliber, cumulative, high-explosive fragmentation shells and ammunition with remote detonation on the trajectory. In general, in terms of firepower, the Sprut-SDM1 corresponds to the level of the main Russian T-90MS tank and is capable of using anti-tank guided weapons at a distance of up to 5,000 m. In total, the 2S25M ammunition load has 40 shots, including 22 - in mechanized ammo rack.

In addition to the PKTM machine gun coaxial with the cannon, the modernized machine has one more such machine gun in a remote-controlled installation on the turret. Thus, the vehicle commander got the opportunity to hit the identified targets at the moment when the main armament was already being used by the gunner-operator. The total ammunition load of machine guns is 2,000 rounds.

The 2S25M fire control system also has a tank level. It includes the best in the world gunner's sight "Sosna-U" with television and thermal imaging channels, as well as a panoramic sight of the PKP commander with similar channels. Both sights have the ability to automatically track the target. In case of damage to the main sights, an optical-electronic backup sight is used with a line of sight stabilized in a vertical plane and self-powered.

One of the main differences of the new car- This is a guided weapon system (KUV) with the latest missile capable of destroying a tank with dynamic protection at a distance of up to 6 km.

The latest product is fully integrated with a digital fire control system (FCS), which not only increased the accuracy of the Sprut-SDM1, but also made it possible to shoot at low-flying and low-speed targets, such as enemy helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles.

The new self-propelled gun received a modernized rocket fired through the gun barrel and created on the basis of the Invar-M shot. The cumulative charge is located in the nose of the rocket and provides overcoming dynamic protection, including those made in the built-in version. The main shaped charge hits the target directly. To destroy fortified engineering structures, a variant of a missile with a high-explosive warhead of thermobaric action has been developed.

During the modernization of the 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank gun for the Sprut-SDM1, a more advanced digital control system was installed with a combined gunner's sight with a thermal imaging channel for night vision and an automatic target tracking machine. In addition, the commander of "Sprut-SDM1" it became possible to fire from an additional machine gun installation, including on the upper floors of buildings, dominant heights in mountainous areas and helicopters.

The modernized "Octopus-SDM1" is unified in terms of components and assemblies with the recently adopted BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle. From this we can conclude that, like the latest BMD-4M, the Sprut-SDM1 has a seriously increased engine power, which significantly increases the mobility of the self-propelled gun both afloat and when moving over rough terrain.

With the use of upgraded shots of the Invar-M type as part of the armament, the Sprut-SDM1 receives fundamentally new combat capabilities: the missile’s firing range is 2.5 times greater than the return fire range of any modern tanks, since the projectile flies at 2000 m, and the anti-tank guided missile at 5,000 m. This allows you to win the battle before entering the zone of effective fire of enemy tanks.

The combat vehicle has an information and control chassis system, which greatly facilitates operation and troubleshooting. The latest communication complex has frequency modulation and technical masking. According to the components and parts of the chassis, as well as the engine-transmission compartment, the Sprut-SDM1 is unified with the BMD-4M airborne combat vehicle.

* Portable counter-battery radar "Aistenok" capable of providing reconnaissance of enemy firing points, calculating the trajectories of shells or missiles, and adjusting fire. The complex also allows you to control the airspace and monitor the UAV.

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At short distances, Aistenok is able to track mortar rounds with a caliber of 81 to 120 mm during the flight of a mine, determining the flight path and calculating the point of the shot and the fall of the projectile. The maximum detection range of mortars is limited to 5 thousand meters. At such distances, "Aistenok" is able to very accurately determine the upward and downward flight paths of the mine and calculate the coordinates of the enemy mortar.

The minimum distance for determining enemy mortars is 750 meters. In this case, the accuracy of target detection is several tens of meters and depends on the type of target. Calculating the coordinates from where the shot was fired allows you to accurately counterattack enemy mortars and adjust your own fire.

The weight of the Aistenok reconnaissance complex, developed by Almaz-Antey Concern OJSC, is 135 kg. This is not much for systems of this type and allows reconnaissance units to effortlessly move it both on a combat vehicle and manually with the help of three people. The modular system kit includes seven elements:

Turntable with tripod,

transceiver with antenna

Power Supply,

Block of primary information processing,

Electric unit,

Radio station and control panel.

It takes only five minutes to fully assemble the Aistenka modules and prepare it for work.The control panel, made in the form of a laptop, displays color information about the operation of the device. Data on the detected targets are transmitted through the installed radio station of the centimeter range. " Stork » n does not have its own rotary mechanism, but this disadvantage is compensated by a 60-degree observation sector in the azimuth of the beam width. Determination of the enemy's calculations is carried out by detecting the place of the shot and calculating the trajectory of the projectile. The target detection range is from 200 meters to 20,000.

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** , artillery, multiple launch rocket systems and starting positions of enemy tactical missiles by shot. In addition, to control the accuracy of firing drums.Until recently, the most modern ground-based electronic intelligence system in the Russian army was the PSNR-8 and PSNR-8M devices, which are preparing to give way to the latest electronic intelligence product, the 1-L277 product. His second name is "Sobalist". Heused when correcting the direction of fire from a mortar, and also to find drones flying at low distances from the ground. A distinctive feature of the 1-L277 product is the use of a phased antenna array, a broadband pulsed chirp signal for detecting moving targets and projectile explosions (mines), as well as for detecting stationary objects.

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Military designers added an automated primary data processing unit to the PSNR-8M station, freeing the operator of the reconnaissance station from the process of detecting military objects and enemy manpower. Along with this, the range of the electronic reconnaissance significantly increased - its "far-sightedness" increased to 30 km.

The "PSNR-8M" has only 500 hours of continuous operation, "1-L277" can operate without breakdowns from 1500 to 2000 hours. That is, the reliability of the new scout has increased by 4 times.The stations "PSNR-8" and "PSNR-8M" had 3 major drawbacks: the power of their pulsed radiation was 1 KV, in other words, it was not so difficult for the enemy to "detect" them. The second drawback was the so-called mechanical scanning of the terrain, i.e. the antenna rotated around its axis during operation. The engine that powered it quickly broke down and had to be replaced. Therefore, the military issued a technical assignment, which stated that these methods of work should be improved. The military did not like the weight of the reconnaissance station either. He was 62 kg, so his combat crew was 3 people.

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Sobolyatnik performs electronic scanning, due to which the antenna no longer needs to be rotated around its axis and from time to time to change its engine. The weight of the station has decreased to 36 kg, and now its crew consists of only 2 people. But most importantly, the station has practically become "invisible", since its pulsed radiation is now less than that of a mobile phone.

The resolution of the new reconnaissance station has increased five times - from 50 to 10 meters. This made it possible to increase the information content, and the operator got the opportunity to read the targets in the column, i.e. distinguish between individual targets. "PSNR-8M" gave out a long strip on the screen, and "Sobolyatnik" - individual items. Besides, the new product received algorithms for automated target recognition according to the criterion: man - machine. By improving the new electronic reconnaissance, we can detect moving targets against the background of powerful reflections from the earth's surface.Thus, now the operator has the opportunity to see the movement of equipment and people on the screen of his monitor. The safety of the operator himself was also increased due to the length of the cable connecting the monitor to the antenna, up to 30 meters. That is, in the event of an enemy attempt to destroy the station, the operator has more chances to remain unharmed.

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The new product is able to detect enemy manpower at a distance of 6 km. The Sobolyatnik used a more complex signal with an intra-pulse linear modulation frequency, which made it possible to reduce the peak radiation power to 8 watts. This dramatically increased the secrecy of this electronic reconnaissance.Some types of weapons are easily interfaced with this station, especially machine guns, such as " PECHENEG" and "KORD ". This allows her to be present during hostilities and at the same time be invisible, unless, of course, there is no optical observation.

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We were invited to the training ground of the 76th Guards Air Assault Division in the first half of an abnormally warm March - there was no more snow left on the plowed field in the Pskov region. The sandy soil has dried up, and the column of armored vehicles, rushing along the dirt road with a loud rumble, raises clouds of dust behind it. There are two types of cars in the column. One type is squat armored personnel carriers. These are tracked BTR-RD "Robot" with an anti-tank missile system "Fagot". When looking at a machine of the second type, an inexperienced person will first of all remember the word "tank". But it's not a tank. Or is it a tank?

Originally from the USSR

Long gone are the days when tanks were divided into light (for example, T-26, if you remember the Great Patriotic War), medium (for example, T-34) and heavy (IS-2). However, back in the 1950s and 1960s, the PT-76 combat vehicle was produced in the USSR. PT - "floating tank" - belonged to the category of light (14.5 tons). 76 - gun caliber. In the 1970s, the PT-76 was declared obsolete, and its functions were to be transferred to the BMP. But the idea of ​​a lightly armored vehicle with serious armament did not die. At the Volgograd Tractor Plant, a project was being developed for a new light amphibious airborne tank, codenamed "Object 934". By the end of the 1980s, the topic was closed, but the work done was remembered in 1983, when the defense industry was instructed to create a light self-propelled anti-tank artillery mount with a 125-mm gun. In 1990-1991, state tests of the Sprut-SD SPTP were carried out, during which a number of design flaws in the machine were revealed. In fact, the topic of a new self-propelled gun for landing was frozen for a decade. They returned to new tests in 2001, and in 2006 the gun entered service with the Russian army, or rather, the Airborne Forces.

"Octopus" and "Nona"

At the landing range, the vehicles turned off the road and took up firing positions. The target is visible somewhere in 1.5 km across the field - a dilapidated dugout. High-explosive fragmentation shells are fired by the SPTP of the anti-tank battery of the 234th Airborne Assault Regiment. The battery includes one platoon of the BTR-RD "Robot" and two platoons of the Sprut-SD SPTP. “The anti-tank reserve is brought into battle,” says Colonel Andrey Kerol, head of artillery of the 76th Guards Air Assault Division of the Guards, “by decision of the regiment commander to destroy tanks and other armored vehicles that have penetrated or broken through into the depths of defense. Long-term enemy firing points, as well as other stationary or moving armored objects, can also serve as targets. Also, Sprut-SD can ensure the deployment of airborne units when reaching the counterattack line.

When designing the Nona gun, the standard of the French MO-120-RT-61 mortar was adopted. Therefore, self-propelled guns may well fire using NATO 120-mm mines. As conceived by the designers, this feature could be useful when landing behind the lines of a potential enemy, followed by the capture of an MTS base or artillery ASR (airborne assault regiments).

Thus, in certain situations, the SPTP is capable of providing direct fire support to paratroopers on the battlefield, which actually makes the Sprut-SD an analogue of a light tank. It is interesting to recall that the Russian Airborne Forces are armed with a light self-propelled gun 2S9 "Nona". It is built on the same tracked chassis as the already mentioned BTR-RD. The floating, airborne Nona weighs only 8 tons. The gun is much shorter than the Sprut one - it is a rifled 120-mm howitzer-mortar cannon capable of firing both artillery shells and mines. In the Pskov division, "Nones" are part of the artillery regiment and are designed to fire at a steep trajectory only from closed positions. Sprut-SD weighs 18 tons (10 tons more than Nona), and its gun is a 2A75 smoothbore gun, which is nothing more than a slightly modified version of the 2A46 gun, mounted on Russian main battle tanks (MBTs) of the type T-90, T-72 or T-80. Although, of course, in a duel with the MBT, the Sprut-SD will look pale - the vehicle has only bulletproof armor, and only the frontal armor of the turret is capable of withstanding a 23-mm projectile. “It is necessary to use the anti-tank capabilities of the vehicle in such a way that it remains invulnerable to enemy tanks and artillery,” says Colonel Kerol. - "Octopus" can destroy armored objects not only with sub-caliber and cumulative projectiles, but also with the help of guided missiles of the Reflex-M complex. The effective range of the tank is about 2500 m, the missile that the Sprut launches through the barrel can hit targets within a radius of 5 km.

Knock out the tank and survive

“Now we are firing practice, being on a hill,” says senior sergeant Kulik, deputy commander of the self-propelled gun platoon, “but in tactical exercises we perform tasks in conditions when it is necessary to hide the vehicle from enemy observation as much as possible. "Octopus" can change the clearance from 190 to 600 mm, which allows the car to "squat" slightly, providing greater stealth. To provide camouflage when retreating from the position from which the shooting was carried out, six grenade launchers using smoke grenades are mounted on the aft sheet of the tower caliber 81 mm.

You startle involuntarily at the sound of a shot from a powerful tank gun, the barrel spits out a milky-white cloud of smoke, and now a small sandstorm has risen in the dugout area at the other end of the field. The target is hit. The platform on which the Sprut is built is borrowed from light armored vehicles, in fact it is the BMD-3. The control of the SPTP is similar to the control of an airborne combat vehicle - instead of tank levers, there is a steering wheel. However, it was not possible to do without a serious refinement of the platform. The tank gun has a large recoil length (740 mm), which made it difficult to fit a 2350 kg gun into the dimensions of the BMD. At first they thought about integrating a muzzle brake into the system, but then they decided to simply lengthen the base of the car by adding two more pairs of rollers. In addition, the gun's recoil was partially compensated by the BMD's hydropneumatic suspension.

Twice as light as Abrams

Once upon a time, light tanks left the historical arena, but now it seems that there is a growing interest in the world in armored vehicles with powerful weapons that are not as massive as MBTs. Perhaps this is due to the changed nature of modern conflicts. About five years ago, Russia seriously discussed the issue of licensed production of the Italian Centauro armored car with a tank (105 and 120 mm) gun. This car on an eight-wheel base was positioned as a "tank destroyer". In terms of mass, it surpassed not only the Nona, but also the Octopus - 25 tons, while its armor provided the crew with protection from machine-gun bullets of 12.7 mm caliber. The car did not have an anti-shell reservation.

The United States, where the heavily armored M1 Abrams, in various modifications, weighing 54-63 tons, acts as the main battle tank, is also working on tanks of a lighter class. On the basis of the British AJAX armored vehicle, General Dynamics Corporation built a prototype of the Griffin light tank. Despite the fact that the vehicle is equipped with an Abrams turret and a promising 120-mm XM360 tank gun, the mass of the tank will remain within 28 tons, and can be either increased due to additional armor or reduced.

Target hit! After firing, the shell casing is ejected through a special round hatch in the gun turret.

Change is coming

From this we can conclude that the Sprut-SD is able to turn out to be a completely relevant and popular car, despite the fact that it traces its ancestry back to the USSR. Now the Airborne Forces are waiting for the modernized Sprut-SDM1, which so far exists only in the form of factory prototypes that are being tested. The transition from the BMD-3 platform to the more modern BMD-4M can be considered the central point in the modernization - the updated Sprut will receive a running gear and transmission from this machine. The self-propelled guns will also be equipped with a more powerful diesel engine. The armament as a whole will remain the same, only in addition to the existing coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun, another one will be added exactly the same, which will be located in a separate combat module and controlled remotely.

In the M1 version, the fire control system has been significantly improved. The vehicle will be equipped with a Sosna-U gunner's sight (now being installed on modernized versions of Russian MBTs) with thermal imaging and television channels, as well as a commander's panoramic sight. It is also expected that the new "Octopus" will become a full-fledged participant in the "network-centric war" and, thanks to the new equipment, will be able to work within a single tactical control system, receive target designations and exchange data with other combat vehicles.

While maintaining the existing (actually tank) nomenclature of ammunition (high-explosive fragmentation, cumulative, sub-caliber shells, as well as guided missiles launched through the gun barrel), the updated self-propelled guns will also be able to fire new-generation ammunition with programmable fuses that actuate the charge in a given section of the trajectory .

When the modernized Sprut is put into service, perhaps due to the unique combination of firepower with modern control systems, lightness and air mobility, it will be in great demand not only in the Airborne Forces, but also in other branches of the military as a light tank.

Airborne 125 mm self-propelled anti-tank gun

2S25 "Sprut-SD" developed jointly by the design bureau of the Volgograd Tractor Plant and Yekaterinburg OKB-9 under the general scientific supervision of the Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIITochMash). Chief designer of the chassis A.V. Shabalin, 125-mm guns 2A75 V.I. Nasedkin. Self-propelled artillery mount 2S25 "Sprut-SD" is designed to fight tanks and other armored vehicles and manpower of the enemy as part of airborne troops, marines and special forces.

The tactical and technical assignment for the development of the 2S25 airborne self-propelled guns was prepared in 1984 and on October 20, 1985, by decision of the military-industrial complex of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the development of a new artillery mount for the USSR Airborne Forces was officially launched. In February 1986, the development of the P260 landing equipment was started, which were created on the basis of the P235 parachute-jet equipment, intended for landing the BMP-3. In the period from 1990 to 1991, State tests of the ACS 2S25 were carried out. Based on the test results, on May 30, 1994, by the decision of the Air Force and Airborne Forces of Russia and the developer of landing equipment - the Moscow plant "Universal" - the development of parachute-reactive landing aids P260 was canceled and the development of the strapdown landing system P260M "Sprut-PDS" was started.

In 2001, additional tests of the ACS 2S25 were carried out. Serial production of the 2S25 "Sprut-SD" self-propelled guns was launched at the Volgograd Tractor Plant in 2005 and continued until 2010. On January 9, 2006, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the 2S25 self-propelled anti-tank gun was adopted by the Russian Armed Forces.

(photo by Vitaly Kuzmin, https://www.vitalykuzmin.net)

In 2015, the Volgograd Tractor Plant assembled the first sample of the modernized version of the 2M25M "Sprut-SDM1" self-propelled guns. After testing and adoption, it is planned to continue the resumption of mass production of the upgraded version of the self-propelled guns.

SAU 2S25 "Octopus-SD" in the Russian Armed Forces

Since 2005, the 2S25 Sprut-SD self-propelled guns have been supplied to the Airborne Forces of the Russian Armed Forces. According to Western data, at least 36 units of 2S25 self-propelled guns were delivered to the Airborne Forces.

Gun design

"Sprut-SD" is equipped with a unique hydropneumatic chassis, which, in terms of its capabilities and design, is close to the BMD-3 chassis. The self-propelled guns are able to overcome water obstacles, can land from cargo ships onto the water surface and independently return to the ship. The noted and other qualities, together with the circular rotation of the turret and the stabilization of weapons in two planes, make it possible to use the Sprut-SD as a light amphibious tank.

The body of the self-propelled guns is divided into a control compartment (front part), a fighting compartment with a turret (middle part) and an engine-transmission compartment (stern part).

The unit is equipped with a 2V-06-2S diesel engine with a power of 510 hp.

TTX self-propelled guns 2S25 "Octopus-SD"

Airborne self-propelled guns 2S25 "Sprut-SD"(http://mil.ru)

Cannon ammunition

- armor-piercing sub-caliber shells (BPS);
- armor-piercing cumulative shells (BCS);
- high-explosive fragmentation shells (OFS);
- ATGMs 9M119, 9M119M, 9M119F and 9M119F1.

Airborne self-propelled guns 2S25M "Sprut-SDM1" at the exhibition ARMY-2015 (photo by D.S. Glukhov, http://bastion-karpenko.ru)

Equipment

Modifications:

2S25 "Sprut-SD"- the basic serial version of the airborne self-propelled gun (2005).

2S25M "Sprut-SDM1"- an upgraded version of the self-propelled gun (2015).

"New defense order. Strategies"

We have prepared an article about the Russian Tier 8 Progressive Tank Destroyer, which will be coming to the game soon.

Sprut-SD is a Russian airborne self-propelled anti-tank gun, developed in the 1980s specifically for the Soviet Airborne Forces. In the process of its creation, many problems arose, which led to significant delays and reduced serial production. However, such a fate befell many vehicles intended for the Airborne Forces.

The idea of ​​"Octopus" was born at the same time and under the pressure of the same needs as the BMD-1. Any airborne troops act aggressively and land deep in enemy positions. During such operations, the landing force usually encounters infantry, armored vehicles, and long-term fortifications. To counter enemy motorized infantry, infantry fighting vehicles were intended, the firepower and combat missions of which were generally the same as those of the infantry fighting vehicles.

However, the smooth-bore 73-mm gun "Thunder" had a number of drawbacks, and fundamentally different weapons were installed on the machine. So there were BMD-2 and BMD-3.

To combat enemy armored vehicles, it was proposed to create a floating landing vehicle. In fact, it was a light tank.

The USSR had enough experience in the production of light tanks: to recall at least wartime equipment or the later PT-76. However, this class was gradually becoming a thing of the past, replaced by infantry fighting vehicles: after all, everyone believed that the 73-mm smooth-bore gun and the Malyutka ATGM would make any light tank obsolete. To some extent, they were right, but still the idea of ​​​​creating such equipment did not leave the minds of influential military figures of that time, for example, Marshal A. A. Grechko. In addition, such a way out would entail lower costs: one projectile costs much less than a guided missile.

Perhaps, attempts to create a real light tank ended with the PT-85 prototype, created to replace the PT-76. Nevertheless, the idea was not completely abandoned, although the focus of the development of such machines shifted to providing fire support. The classic role of a light tank has been partially changed, but these changes were more tactical. In reality, the light tracked vehicle Object 934 "Judge" under development, equipped with a large-caliber gun, could pass for both a light tank and a tank destroyer.

The reason for this ambiguity was that even the USSR at that time did not know what kind of results it wanted to achieve. The development of the "Object 934" ended in failure due to disagreements between various government agencies: they could not come to a consensus on the appearance of the next car. As a result, the project was closed, and the resources of the Soviet army were used to create the "Object 688", which later became the BMP-3.

Despite the failure, "Object 934" set a new direction in the development of light tanks: fire support. By the mid-80s, the NATO armed forces had at their disposal formidable MBTs: Leopard 2, Challenger and early Abrams, which became dangerous opponents for light BMDs.

However, a ray of hope still dawned. The situation was changed by the appearance of the new Il-76 aircraft, which had an increased carrying capacity, which gave the USSR army the opportunity to transport fairly heavy vehicles. As a result, in 1982, the idea of ​​​​a base chassis was proposed that was suitable for some vehicles, including self-propelled anti-tank guns capable of destroying the most protected enemy MBTs.

The concept was approved. In the same year, they launched the development of a self-propelled gun with a 125-mm smoothbore gun, the same one that had been installed on Soviet tanks since the 60s. On July 29, 1983, the project was approved. His goal was to create an armament complex on the base chassis, which would be suitable for use on the BMD-3.

The following people took part in the project:

• Central Research Institute of Precision Engineering (TsNIItochmash);
• Artillery Plant No. 9 in Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg);
• Volgograd Tractor Plant.

Designers from TsNIITochmash were responsible for the initial stage of the project, which was the search for the base chassis. It soon became clear that the chassis from Object 934 was suitable for use. The institute requested one of three prototypes of this machine for further modifications. In 1983, the request was granted, and already in 1983-1984, based on the "Object 934", a full-size model of a self-propelled 125-mm gun was created. Initially, options for a semi-closed type IT or generally open installation of a gun were considered, but in the end they settled on a classic turret scheme. During preliminary tests, the model on a light chassis showed firing accuracy comparable to MBT. Such positive results gave impetus to further developments and tests, and the project itself was named "Sprut-SD" (GRAU index - 2S25).

In 1984, the final requirements for the project were approved, and it was handed over to the chief designers. The official goal of the work was the creation of a "new 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank gun for the air force."

The mass of the car was quite small, only 18 tons. It owes its low weight to a special design: the chassis, created on the basis of the Object 934, is made of aluminum. Only some parts of the machine are reinforced with steel plates so as not to burden the structure once again. Such a booking provided:

• protection against bullets of 12.7 mm caliber in the sector of ±40 degrees;
• all-round protection against bullets of 7.62 mm caliber and fragments of artillery shells.

The figures are not too high, but for a machine of this type, more was not required. Additionally, it was equipped with a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction and the 902V Tucha system for firing 81-mm 3D6 smoke grenades.

In one respect, this machine has become truly impressive: in the accuracy of firing from the 125-mm 2A75 smoothbore gun (length in calibers - L / 48), which is a modification of the Soviet 2A46 smoothbore tank gun. Installing a tank gun on a vehicle with such a light chassis was a very bold decision. The recoil of such a gun could damage the machine and destroy the suspension. Initially, the problem was planned to be solved by installing a muzzle brake, but in the end they took other measures:

• the barrel recoil length was increased to 740 mm (so that the gun would roll back further after firing);
• a hydropneumatic suspension was installed, which helped to compensate for the recoil force.

The gun is stabilized in two planes and is equipped with an automatic loader that allows up to 7 rounds per minute. Loading takes place using a conveyor mechanism located under the turret (as in other Soviet tanks, ammunition is stored separately). Any standard 125-mm ammunition is suitable for the gun, including Reflex guided anti-tank projectiles. The transportable ammunition load is 40 shots, 22 of which were loaded into the AZ. The regular ammunition includes 20 high-explosive fragmentation, 14 armor-piercing sub-caliber and 6 cumulative (or guided) projectiles.

The gun is aimed in the range from -5 to +15 degrees when firing forward and from -3 to +17 degrees when firing backwards. Do not forget that the Sprut-SD is amphibious, so you can fire afloat (within ± 35 degrees along the front).

The crew of the vehicle consists of three people: a driver (in the hull), a commander and a gunner (both sit in the turret). For aiming and firing, the 1A40M-1 sight with a built-in rangefinder and ballistic computer is used. For night operations, a TO1-KO1R optoelectronic complex with a gunner's night sight TPN-4R was installed, which allows recognizing a target at a distance of 1.5 km. The commander's station is equipped with a 1K13-3S commander's observation device for operation both in daytime and at night.

"Sprut-SD" is driven by a 6-cylinder diesel engine 2V-06-2S with a capacity of 510 liters. with., allowing to accelerate to 70 km / h (45-50 km / h off-road). In addition, the machine swims at a speed of 9 km / h without additional training.

An active development process went on from 1984 to 1991, when state tests were carried out. The project was accepted positively, despite the fact that the problem with the air delivery system, typical for landing vehicles, remained unresolved. Further development was complicated by the collapse of the Soviet Union.

As of development in the 90s, there is not much information. It was not canceled, however, it did not advance far either due to difficulties with the P260 landing system, which was based on the P235 (used for landing the BMD-3). In 1994, the designers finally gave up and began to develop a new strapdown landing system P260M, work on which was completed only in 2001.

Approximately 10 years after the first state tests, another one was carried out, and the 2S25 Sprut-SD was finally put into service. It happened on January 9, 2006. In 2005-2010, mass production of the machine began, during which only 36-40 units were produced. By 2010, production was stopped and a modernization program was launched: by this time, the car was already two decades old. As a result, a prototype "Octopus-SDM" was created, the production of which is planned in the future.

At the moment, "Sprut-SD" was not exported and did not participate in the battles.

In conclusion, I would like to briefly talk about two modifications of the Sprut-SD worthy of mention. "Octopus-SSV" - a modification for the ground forces. If the "D" in the title meant "landing", then "SV" - ground forces. The modification was distinguished by the new Planer chassis, created in Kharkov. The project remained at the prototype stage.

"Octopus-K" - modification using the BTR-90 chassis. Development also did not progress beyond prototypes because this lightweight chassis was unable to provide sufficient firepower.

In Armored Warfare: The Armata Sprut-SD project will take its place among tier 8 tank destroyers. Among the machines of its class and level, the Sprut-SD stands out with the best firepower. In addition, players will be able to fire guided missiles. Compared to the Dragoon light tank, the vehicle is more agile, powerful and accurate, and much harder to spot. However, the level of protection of the "Octopus" is lower. Those who choose to play this technique will need to plan their tactics in advance in order to successfully reach their destination despite the low top speed. However, being already in place, it will be easy to change positions - thanks to excellent mobility.

We hope you enjoy your new car. Stay tuned and see you on the battlefield!

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2S25 « Octopus -SD "(GABTU index - object 952)

1 125 mm high ballistic gun; 2 multifaceted armored aluminum tower; 3 gunner's sight

4 running device; 5 filter-pressure device; 6 engine power plant; 8 Water jets; 9 body suspension air spring; 10 track roller; 11 rotating electrical contact device; 12 automatic loader; 13 caterpillar; 14 driver's seat; 15 sealed housing;

16 Viewing devices; 17 wave-reflective shield; 48 scopes.

Development Information

In the early 90s, the Volgograd Tractor Plant joint-stock company created a new 2S25 anti-tank self-propelled gun on the extended base of the BMD-3 airborne combat vehicle. The artillery unit for this machine was developed in Yekaterinburg by specialists from the artillery plant N 9, which produces both tank guns and artillery systems of up to 152 mm caliber.

The history of the Sprut dates back to the light tank “object 934” developed in the late 70s, which was armed with a lightweight 100-mm rifled gun 2A48 equipped with an automatic loader for 19 shots. The new light tank received a 125-mm 2A75 smoothbore tank gun, which can use the entire range of shots intended for the main battle tank, including the guided missile weapon system. Given the need to install the gun on a lighter chassis, the specialists of the artillery plant N 9 equipped the gun with a new type of recoil device.

Although the self-propelled gun was originally intended for the Russian airborne troops - it is designed for parachute landing with a crew on board from the Il-76 military transport aircraft - it is currently also offered to the marines in order to provide anti-tank and fire support during landing operations. . Unfortunately, at present, the Russian army does not have sufficient funds to purchase the 2S25 self-propelled artillery mount, but representatives of the armed forces of the Republic of Korea and India have shown interest in it.

Firepower

In front of the body of the self-propelled gun there is a control compartment, a fighting compartment with a turret occupies the middle part of the vehicle, and the engine compartment is located in its stern. In the stowed position, the vehicle commander sits to the right of the driver, and the gunner to the left. Each crew member has observation devices built into the roof with day and night channels. The commander's combined sight is stabilized in two planes and combined with a laser sight for aiming 125-mm projectiles along the laser beam.

As an auxiliary armament, the anti-tank self-propelled gun is equipped with a 7.62-mm PKT machine gun coaxial with a cannon with an ammunition load of 2,000 rounds loaded in one tape. Since the 2S25 self-propelled guns were developed on the basis of the BMD-3, many components and assemblies of the chassis and power plant of the base vehicle were used in its design.

The fighting compartment is equipped with a 125 mm high-ballistics smoothbore gun with a recoil size of not more than 700 mm. The gun is equipped with a computerized fire control system from the commander's and gunner's workplaces, ensuring their functional interchangeability, and with a weapon stabilizer in 2 planes;

Fighting compartment 2S25 "Octopus"

The commander's workplace is equipped with a day-night sight with a stabilized field of view, with a laser rangefinder, an information channel for launching and guiding a guided missile, a backup ballistic device with communication channels with a gunner's sight ballistic computer, a system for entering aiming angles and lateral lead into the position of the gun relative to the line sighting, autonomous control panel for the automatic loader and guidance drives with the possibility of prompt transfer of control of the complex at the command of the commander from the gunner to the commander and vice versa.

The commander is provided with the possibility of observing the terrain with a stabilized field of view during the day with a magnification of 1x, 4x, 8x and at night with a magnification of 5.5x, as well as equal opportunities with the gunner for aimed firing from a cannon and machine gun, choosing the type of ammunition, loading, measuring range with a laser rangefinder. According to the initial data, the tank ballistic computer automatically enters the aiming and lateral lead angles into the guidance drives, which provides the commander with the opportunity to independently fire without retargeting from the rangefinder to the aiming mark or transfer the target to the gunner with high accuracy.

The developed computerized fire control system provides fundamentally new functionality of fire control from the commander's workplace, namely:

• implementation of the regime of observation of the terrain with a stabilized field
  vision, target search, target designation using the optical system of the commander's sight;
• combining in the commander's sight the functions of launching and controlling a rocket and conducting aimed firing of artillery shells;
• the possibility of duplicating a ballistic computing device
  gunner's instrumentation complex;
• the possibility of autonomous activation and control of guidance drives and automatic loader;
• the possibility of prompt transfer of control of the complex at the command of the commander from the gunner to the commander and vice versa.

Automatic charger device

Cassettes with projectiles and charges in the automatic loader conveyor are installed at an angle equal to the angle of loading the gun, the value of the loading angle is interconnected with the dimensions of the projectiles and charges, the height of the chassis body, the mounting dimensions of the trunnion, the swept radius of the swing of the breech in the recoil position of the gun and the dimensions of the rotating contact device, and the catcher of the pallet removal mechanism is located on the end part of the gun breech with the possibility of delaying the pallet while providing a gap between the end surfaces of the gun breech and the pallet

Automatic loader 2S25 "Octopus", the main components of which are shown in the figure

The composition of the gun loader includes: a rotating conveyor 33 with twenty-two shots, a chain lifting mechanism 30 of the cassette with a shot, a mechanism for removing 26 shot pallets 25 with a catcher, a chain rammer 29 of a shot from the cassette 31 to the gun 1, a cover drive 28 of the ejection hatch and a movable tray 27, an electromechanical stopper 24 of the gun at the loading angle, a control unit. Cassettes 31 house shells 32 and charges 25.

Cassettes 31 with projectiles 32 and charges 25 in the frame of the automatic loader conveyor are installed at an angle a = 11°, equal to the gun loading angle. The value of the loading angle is related to the dimensions of the types of projectiles and charges of the gun ammunition, the height of the chassis body, the installation dimensions of the trunnion, the swept radius of swing of the breech 37 in the recoil position of the gun 1, the internal overall dimensions of the linear device, the body 15, the turret 2 and the dimensions of the rotating electrical contact device placed on the bottom of the body 15 of the chassis, and the catcher of the pallet removal mechanism is made without a movable frame and is placed on the end part of the breech 37 of the gun 1 with the possibility of delaying the pallet 25 while providing a gap between the end surfaces of the breech 37 of the gun 1 and the pallet 25.

To ensure increased recoil, the automatic loader has a broadened frame of the cassette lifter 30, inside of which are parts of the mechanism for catching spent pallets during recoil. The mechanism for catching 26 and removing spent pallets 25 is designed to provide the possibility, when the spent pallet 25 passes in it with the bottom forward, to temporarily block the back side of the end part of the gun breech and, during the subsequent movement of the spent pallet, blow the breech area with air from the cleaning system having an air duct from the filter-pressure device 5 into the gun breech area and to the crew workplaces using a rotating air device.

In the lower part of the fighting compartment there is an autoloader conveyor 33 rotating around a vertical axis, the shape and dimensions of which allow the crew members to move inside the vehicle from the fighting compartment to the control compartment and back along the sides of the hull 15.

Protection

The armor of the frontal part of the tank provides protection against a 23-mm projectile from a range of 500 m. The hull and turret were made of aluminum alloy, the frontal part of the turret had steel lining.

Mobility characteristics

In the engine compartment of the ACS 2S25, a multi-fuel diesel engine 2V-06-2 is installed, developing a maximum power of 331 kW. A hydromechanical transmission is interlocked with it, which has a hydrostatic turning mechanism. The automatic transmission has five forward gears and the same number of reverse gears.

The suspension is individual, hydropneumatic, providing a change in the clearance in the range from 190 to 590 mm from the driver's seat. In addition, the hydropneumatic suspension provides high cross-country ability and smooth running. The undercarriage, in relation to one side, includes seven single road wheels, four support rollers, a front drive wheel and a rear guide wheel. There is a hydraulic track tensioner. Caterpillar steel, two-ridged, lantern gearing. When driving on the highway, the car develops a maximum speed of 65-68 km / h, and on dry dirt roads it shows an average speed of 45 km / h. The standard equipment of the vehicle includes a computerized fire control system, a system of protection against weapons of mass destruction and a set of night vision devices.

Like other Russian lightly armored combat vehicles, the 2S25 self-propelled gun is floating and moves in the water with the help of two water jets, the maximum speed of the vehicle on land is 71 km/h, afloat 10.5 km/h. For the implementation of swimming in the machine, water cannons 8 with impellers with a diameter of 340 mm are installed.

To increase buoyancy, the machine uses track rollers with closed air chambers and powerful water pumps that pump water out of the hull. The vehicle has good seaworthiness and, being afloat, can effectively operate in seas of 3 points, including aimed fire in the forward sector of fire equal to ±35º.

The specific ground pressure is 0.052 MPa with standard tracks (0.035 MPa for snow and swamp tracks), and the maximum road speed is 71 km/h (10 km/h afloat). The military transport aircraft "IL-76" can transport by air and land two SPTP 2S25 with a crew of 3 people inside the vehicle.

A photo

Airborne combat vehicles BMD-4 and SPTP Sprut-S, -D.

Reinforced parachute company on the BMD-4 with the support of self-propelled artillery in an experimental tactical exercise. Dubrovichi polygon, July 26, 2006

Fire capabilities of a parachute company armed with modern combat vehicles BMD-4 and Sprut-SD.

Complex "Stroy-P" (UAV), SPTP Sprut-S, -D and BMP-3M (BMP-4).