The mystery of the death of the Dyatlov expedition (Alexander Kas version) Which investigator led the Dyatlov group case? Relatives of those who died at the Dyatlov Pass could not get a new investigation from Putin New information about the death of the Dyatlov group.

https://www.site/2019-12-18/rodstvenniki_pogibshih_na_perevale_dyatlova_ne_smogli_dobitsya_putina_novogo_rassledovaniya

Relatives of those who died at the Dyatlov Pass could not get a new investigation from Putin

Jaromir Romanov / site

The appeal to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin did not help the relatives of the members of the tourist group Igor Dyatlov, who died in 1959 in the Northern Urals under mysterious circumstances, to force the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation to initiate a new criminal case into the incident. Yuri Kuntsevich, a representative of the Dyatlov Group Memory Fund, told the site about this. “From the administration of the President of Russia, our appeal was handed over to [head of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Alexander] Bastrykin, Bastrykin handed it over to [Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yury] Chaika. From there, he was sent to the prosecutor's office of the Sverdlovsk region, where an investigation is underway anyway. That's it - the circle is closed! - said Kuntsevich.

According to him, on December 20, members of the foundation intend to hold a round table at the Museum of the History of UrFU and develop a memorandum on the current situation. This memorandum will again be sent to the Kremlin, the TFR and the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation.

About why the relatives of the members of the Dyatlov group and friends of the dead tourists demand to resume the investigation again, the lawyer Yevgeny Chernousov, who is involved in this case, explained in detail to the correspondent of our publication. According to him, the facts show that the criminal case, which was initiated in 1959 and was closed after three months of investigation, was a fiction.

“Prosecutor [Ivdel Vasily] Tempalov, who initiated this case, in the resolution on initiation, in violation of all norms and instructions, did not properly indicate the results of the preliminary investigation that prompted him to initiate the case. This criminal case was not registered, that is, in fact, both the case and the crime itself were hidden from registration. All the persons involved, including the prosecutor of the RSFSR, pretended that everything was fine, and as a result, the case was closed due to the lack of evidence, while it would be correct to stop it due to the failure to identify the persons involved in the murder of two or more persons. It is clear that such a concealment could only be done in one case - in the case of a man-made disaster that could not be disclosed. All versions of escaped prisoners or Mansi are complete nonsense. In this case, the case would have been solved in three weeks and the perpetrators would not have been hidden, ”Chernousov noted.

In October, the relatives of the dead Dyatlovites wrote a letter to Putin asking him to encourage the Russian Investigative Committee to initiate a criminal investigation into what happened 60 years ago and conduct a normal investigation.

Photo of Pyotr Bartolomey, taken on a campaign with the participation of Igor Dyatlov in 1958 and allowed by the author for public use

The last campaign of the group of Igor Dyatlov was dedicated to the XXI Congress of the CPSU. In 15 days, the participants of the trip had to cross 300 kilometers on skis in the mountainous taiga part of the north of the Sverdlovsk region and climb two peaks: Mount Otorten and Oika-Chakur.

Initially, there were ten participants in the campaign: a fifth-year student of the UPI radio faculty Igor Dyatlov (the leader of the campaign), his classmate Zinaida Kolmogorova, a UPI graduate and at that time an employee of the closed SverdNIIKhimmash Rustem Slobodin, a fourth-year student of the radio faculty of the UPI Yuri Doroshenko, an engineer at the Mayak plant Georgy Krivonischenko, a graduate of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the UPI Nikolay Thibaut-Brignoles, a fourth-year student of the same faculty Lyudmila Dubinina, a war veteran, an instructor of the Kourovka camp site Semyon Zolotarev, a fourth-year student of the UPI Physicotechnical Institute Alexander Kolevatov, a fourth-year student of the Faculty of Engineering and Economics of the UPI Yuri Yudin.

On January 23, 1959, the group left Sverdlovsk by train for Serov, then by another train to Ivdel. On January 26, the Dyatlovites left on a hitch to the 41st quarter of the logging camp, which previously existed behind the taiga village of Vizhay, which was once the center of colonies scattered around. On January 27, the tourists, together with a fellow traveler, came from the village of the 41st quarter to the abandoned village of gold miners, the 2nd Severny. We spent the night in one of the houses. On January 28, the escort and feeling unwell, Yuri Yudin, returned back (they walked separately). And the group of Igor Dyatlov moved further on the route. No one else saw them alive.

According to the materials of the investigation, they died on the night of February 2 in the area of Mount Kholatchakhl, or the Mountain of the Dead, in the Northern Urals. However, due to the remoteness of the territory where the incident occurred, they learned about it much later. Only towards the end of February, when it became clear that the group had not returned from the campaign, searches began with the use of aircraft and the deployment of several search groups to different points of the alleged route of the missing. At the same time, until recently, there were versions according to which in Ivdel they knew about the death of tourists already a few days after the tragedy.

The sister of the deceased Igor Dyatlov - about the versions of the death of a tourist group in the Ural mountains

The tent of the Dyatlov group was found on February 26 in a place that is now called the Dyatlov Pass. A few hours later, the bodies of the group members began to be found. Their search dragged on until May. Attention was immediately drawn to the fact that the tent of the "Dyatlovites" was cut from the inside, and the dead had rather strange injuries. So, Dubinina had an extensive fracture of the ribs, a hemorrhage in the right ventricle of the heart, the absence of a tongue in the oral cavity, and empty eye sockets. Zolotarev also had a severe rib fracture with internal bleeding and no eyes. Slobodin and Thibaut-Brignolles have serious fractures of their skulls. Krivonischenko has II-III degree burns, up to charring of the skin. It feels like a person is on fire. Some also had their cheeks and lips peeled (or eaten). In addition, many people who saw the dead noted the strange brick red color of their skin and caked foam near the mouth.

No less unusual was the conclusion reached by the investigation. According to him, nine travelers were victims of "force majeure circumstances." All this later gave rise to a lot of versions about the reasons for their death, including very improbable ones: from an avalanche to a ritual murder by local Mansi.

Among others, the so-called “rocket version” sounded - the Dyatlov group died when they got into the area where they tested missile weapons. The exact answer to the question of what happened at the pass then is still unknown.

On February 1 this year, 60 years after the tragedy, the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation announced the resumption of the investigation into the circumstances of the death of tourists in 1959. Andrey Kuryakov, head of the Department for Supervision of Compliance with Federal Legislation of the Prosecutor's Office of the Sverdlovsk Region, then noted that the relatives of the victims have the right to learn about the cause of the tragedy, even if 60 years have passed since then. In addition, it was said that the check would help prevent a recurrence of this.

The oversight agency now has three versions of what happened as a priority: an avalanche, a snow board (an avalanche of a smaller scale), and a hurricane. The prosecutor's office does not consider the criminal version.

In mid-March, prosecutors visited the Dyatlov Pass, where they conducted a series of examinations. First of all, they took photographs of the area and, with the help of surveyors, recorded the exact coordinates of the required points. Then, in the area of the Belaya Mountain ski complex, not far from Nizhny Tagil, prosecutors conducted a natural experiment, during which nine young people tried to recreate the last hours of the life of members of the Dyatlov group. The Supervisory Authority initially expected to announce its findings in August of this year. The deadline has now been pushed back to February 2020.

Caused a new powerful surge of public interest in the topic. New versions appear almost every day. Authorities also contribute to the excitement: the prosecutor's office announced a large-scale verification of the circumstances of the death of tourists. However, in 2015, employees of the Investigative Committee were doing the same thing - they were looking for answers to key questions related to the tragedy. We learned previously never published details of this study.

Ludmila Dubinina, Georgy Krivonischenko, Nikolay Thibault-Brignolles and Rustem Slobodin.

The reason why the Investigative Committee of Russia decided then, four years ago, to recall the events of 1959 is similar to that of the current prosecutor's check: appeals from relatives of dead tourists, the press and members of the public.

Their traditional addressees are the leadership of law enforcement structures, but the Presidential Administration is already quite familiar with this topic. “Vladimir Vladimirovich, I appeal to you with a request to initiate an investigation of this criminal case again,” says, for example, a message addressed to the head of state, sent last year by a certain citizen Kovalenko. “All caring residents of Russia…want to know the truth.” Reacting to one of these impulses, the head of the TFR ordered an audit of the case on the death of the Dyatlov group.

The forensic investigator Vladimir Solovyov, an authoritative and experienced specialist, was entrusted to study the issue - "in the world" Vladimir Nikolayevich is known primarily as an investigator in the case of the death of the royal family.

Solovyov recruited Sergei Shkryabach, an honorary member of the ICR, who until 2010 held the post of deputy head of the Main Directorate of Criminalistics of the Investigative Committee. Unfortunately, Sergei Yakovlevich passed away a month ago. At the time of the audit, the general was retired, but continued to take an active part in the life of the department.

An important detail: Shkryabach was not only a high-class criminologist, but also an avid climber - a participant in more than 25 ascents and 20 expeditions in the Pamir, Tien Shan, Caucasus, Altai, Eastern Sayan, Kamchatka and the Arctic. In general, the choice of a partner was far from accidental.

The result of the check was the “Conclusion on the criminal case on the death of 9 tourists in February 1959 in the Ivdelsky district of the Sverdlovsk region”, signed by Shkryabach and dated July 5, 2015.

This document is remarkable in two respects. First, this is, in fact, the first attempt since 1959 to answer questions left after the case was closed, undertaken by an official law enforcement agency.

Secondly, the attempt is very successful: Solovyov and Shkryabach managed to develop a coherent and consistent - and in general terms, perhaps, the only possible - version of what happened on the night of February 1-2, 1959 on Mount Holatchakhl.

Holatchakhl and negligence

Recall that Igor Dyatlov and his comrades - students and graduates of the Ural Polytechnic Institute and the instructor of the tourist base Semyon Zolotarev, a total of 9 people - went on their last hike, dedicated to the XXI Congress of the CPSU, at the end of January 1959. On January 23 we left Sverdlovsk, on the 28th we began independent skiing.

The campaign was supposed to end on February 12. A week after the group did not get in touch at the appointed time, search work began.

On February 25, on the eastern slope of Mount Kholatchakhl, a snow-covered tent of the group was discovered: only the corner of the roof protruded outside, supported by the front pillar that remained standing.

The entrance was closed, and the slope of the roof, facing the slope, was cut and torn in two places. The tent contained almost all the equipment, personal belongings of the group members, their outerwear and shoes. Below the tent, footprints without shoes and separate traces of felt boots, 8–9 pairs, were found, which led down towards the forest.

The tent of the Dyatlov group, partially freed from snow.

The last diary entry of the group - the battle sheet "Evening Otorten" - was dated February 1.

On February 26, the bodies of four Dyatlovites were discovered. Yuri Doroshenko and Georgy Krivonischenko were the first to be found - one and a half kilometers from the tent, at the beginning of the forest, near the cedar. The corpses were stripped to their underwear, next to them were the remains of a fire.

300 meters from the fire in the direction of the tent, the corpse of the group leader Igor Dyatlov was found, another 300 meters up the slope - the corpse of Zinaida Kolmogorova. A week later, on March 5, Rustem Slobodin was found at that distance - his body was between the bodies of Dyatlov and Kolmogorova.

Judging by the arrangement of the bodies and the postures in which they froze, death caught these three as they tried to return to the tent. They were dressed in sweaters and ski suits, there was no outerwear. Slobodin was shod in one felt boot, Dyatlov and Kolmogorova had only socks on their feet.

According to the conclusion of the forensic medical examination, the death of all five - Doroshenko, Krivonischenko, Dyatlov, Slobodin and Kolmogorova - was caused by freezing.

Two months later, on May 4, 1959, the bodies of the other four participants in the campaign - Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Kolevatov, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles and Semyon Zolotarev - were found, located about 70 meters from the cedar, in a hollow of a stream, under a layer of snow several times thick. meters.

On the whole, they were dressed better than the first five: only Dubinina had no outerwear, for two, Zolotarev and Thibaut-Brignole, there were jackets and warm shoes. But only one of these four, Kolevatov, did not have serious intravital bodily injuries - the expert considered “low temperature exposure” to be the only cause of his death.

In addition to signs of freezing, three had terrible injuries. Dubinina's death, according to the forensic physician, "came as a result of extensive hemorrhage into the right ventricle of the heart, multiple bilateral fracture of the ribs, and profuse internal hemorrhage into the chest cavity."

Zolotarev had "a multiple fracture of the ribs on the right with internal bleeding into the pleural cavity," Thibaut-Brignolles had "a depressed fracture of the right temporo-parietal region in an area measuring 9x7 centimeters."

These are the facts. The 1959 investigation, led by the forensic prosecutor of the Sverdlovsk regional prosecutor's office, Lev Ivanov, failed to give them an explanation.

The decision to close a criminal case is one big list of mysteries. It is stated, for example, that "the tent was suddenly left at the same time by all the tourists" - through cuts made from the inside. But there is not even an assumption about what caused the urgent evacuation and why such a path was chosen for it. More or less confidently, only the absence of a criminal trace is said: “Neither in the tent, nor near it, traces of a struggle or the presence of other people were found.”

There are no attempts to explain the further course of events. Well, the finale of the document can generally be called mystical: “It should be considered that the cause of the death of tourists was an elemental force, which the tourists were not able to overcome.”

In this context, the concept of "elemental force" is tantamount to an unclean force. Many, by the way, this is how they perceived it. The name of the mountain was also very organically woven into this esotericism: Kholatchakhl is translated from Mansi as “mountain of the dead”. True, this is a modern version of the translation. Until 1959, it was believed that this is just a "dead mountain", that is, a peak not covered with forest.

However, the specialists of the TFR saw in the case not mysticism, but negligence. First of all, the investigation itself. “The investigation was carried out at a low (unfortunately, even amateurish) level,” the conclusion of the case says. - There are no exact measurements and references to certain landmarks of the discovered objects and corpses in the protocols ...

The circumstances of the events that took place have not been fully clarified. The condition and features of the area have not been studied. Information about weather conditions and seismic activity was not requested.

An analysis of the level of extremeness of the situation, the readiness and psychology of the behavior of the group members with the involvement of high-class specialists was not carried out ... "

White death

The level of training of tourists was also very low in the TFR: “Most of the members of the group were participants in 4–6 trips during 3–4 years of study at the institute. None of them took part in winter hikes of the 3rd category of complexity. Dyatlov I.A. participated in only one of these trips ...

Dyatlov group during the campaign.

In fact, he "boiled in his own juice" - out of 9 campaigns in which he participated, he led six himself. It seems that in order to lead a campaign of this complexity, the level of experience of Dyatlov I.A. did not match."

In a word, “the preparation of the group members for participation in a difficult winter hike in the mountains was clearly insufficient”: the Dyatlovites had neither the skills to act in such an environment, nor the appropriate equipment.

At the same time, criminologists refer to the Dyatlovites themselves: “The entry in the group’s diary dated January 31, 1959 speaks of the negative results of this training that at the first attempt to overcome a simple pass in the region of height 880, they, without the necessary equipment and experience, encountered in conditions strong wind on an icy slope, retreated and descended into the valley of the Auspiya River. How they intended in the future to overcome 5 passes and climb 2 peaks is hard to imagine.

Another omission is the lack of a full map of the area: "Given that their route was a first ascent, the group walked almost at random."

Conclusion: “This group could overcome a route of such duration (21 days), length (about 300 km) and complexity without incident only with sufficiently favorable weather conditions and luck.

Although the decision to allow the group to the campaign, taking into account the formal "experience" of its participants, was recognized as justified, the campaign itself, taking into account their actual readiness and lack of communication, was a dangerous and rather adventurous event.

Any significant mistake under extreme conditions and the lack of the necessary knowledge of how to act when they occur inevitably lead to tragic consequences in such campaigns, which happened.

The fatal miscalculation of the Dyatlovites was the choice of the place of their last overnight stay. The place was really bad, but not at all because of the shaman's curses.

An analysis of the data from the weather stations closest to the scene suggests that on the night of February 1-2, 1959, a cyclone front passed in the area of the tragedy - in the direction from the northwest to the southeast. The passage of the front lasted at least 10 hours and was accompanied by heavy snowfall, wind intensification to hurricane (20-30 meters per second) and temperature drop to minus 40 degrees.

“If we take into account the fact that the storm lasted all day on February 1, 1959 and only intensified towards its end, as evidenced by the latest photographs of the group members, setting up a camp on the mountainside was a fatal mistake, and the tragedy was inevitable,” criminologists are sure.

In their opinion, the tourists were driven out of the tent by a snow avalanche - in its compact, Ural version. Not a swift, sweeping stream of everything in its path - in this case, the Dyatlovites simply could not get out, but a relatively unhurried slide in a limited area. In short, a snow landslide.

They partly provoked it themselves, cutting the slope during the installation of the tent: the last photo taken by the Dyatlovites shows how they unanimously dig a hole in the snow under the "foundation".

One of the last shots taken by the Dyatlovites: setting up a tent.

Despite the diminutiveness of the avalanche, the danger was not at all a joke. Specialists of the TFR dispel "the erroneous idea of snow as a light substance": the greater its mass and humidity, the greater its density. “Getting into even a small avalanche with a volume of several cubic meters threatens with a fatal outcome,” the conclusion of the case states. “There are enough examples when a layer of snow about 20 cm thick (!) 3 by 3 meters in size killed people.”

Three factors

The answer to the question why the investigation of 1959 missed this obvious version lies literally on the surface. “This version was initially excluded based on an erroneous assessment of the situation,” criminologists say. “Most of the participants in the rescue work and representatives of the prosecutor's office observed the scene in good weather 26 days later, after a significant change in the snow cover.”

For almost a month, the wind almost erased the traces of the avalanche: judging by the columns of traces left by tourists, such relief formations remain after blowing off a less dense layer around the seal - at the time of leaving the tent, the snow was at least 40 centimeters higher than when it was discovered.

According to experts of the TFR, a landslide weighing at least several tons descended on the tent. The events of the fateful night developed in their view as follows: “The snowstorm continued, and after a while the mass of snow on the slope became critical ...

Initially, the sliding mass of snow was held back for a short time by the tension of the sagging tent. The first clear signs of an avalanche at night in the dark most likely caused panic.

The rapidly increasing snow pressure made it impossible not only to take outerwear, but also to leave the tent in an organized manner. Apparently, this process took a few seconds.

The last of those who left the tent were already wading through the ever-increasing mass of snow, which forced the tourists to instinctively rush down the slope in the direction of the supposed forest ... The only way for them to try to survive in those conditions was to try to descend into the forest as quickly as possible, create shelter and provide warm stay overnight until the weather improves.

In such frost and wind, half-dressed and barefoot tourists could hold out for no more than 2-3 hours. They managed to get to the edge of the forest and even light a small fire. But then the Dyatlovites made another mistake - they split up.

Igor Dyatlov.

The worst-dressed Doroshenko and Krivonischenko remained by the fire, but they seemed unable to support it and quickly froze. Dyatlov, Kolmogorova and Slobodin made a desperate attempt to break through the hurricane wind to the littered tent, where clothes, food and equipment were left, but overestimated their strength. The third group descended a little lower, to the tributary of the Lozva River, apparently in search of a more reliable shelter. However, even here the tourists were not lucky.

The practice of hiking knows "a significant number of facts about the death of climbers and tourists as a result of falling into voids hidden under the snow," the conclusion of the case indicates. According to criminologists, Dubinin, Kolevatov, Zolotarev and Thibaut-Brignoles ended up above a snow grotto washed out at the source of the stream: “Apparently, the snow-ice isthmus collapsed under their weight, and they were covered with a collapsed layer of frozen snow at least 5 meters high.” Accordingly, the probable causes of the death of the four were a "cocktail" of three factors: injuries received during the fall and collapse of the snow and ice vault, suffocation and freezing.

Weapon Tests and Arctida Dwarfs

That, in fact, is all. “Based on the foregoing, the circumstances of the death of the tourists do not have any hidden underlying reason, and all the questions and doubts that have arisen are the consequences of unprofessionalism and incomplete work on the case,” the forensic experts summarize.

An unprofessional approach "led to the appearance in the case of information about fireballs, radiological studies of the clothes of the victims, which, of course, did not give anything for the investigation." However, the specialists of the TFR also did not consider their conclusions to be the ultimate truth: the document speaks of the need to conduct more detailed studies with the involvement of experts.

This is exactly what their fellow prosecutors are doing now. It is noteworthy, however, that they "dig" in exactly the same direction. “Crime is completely ruled out,” emphasizes Alexander Kurennoy, official representative of the Prosecutor General's Office. “There is not a single piece of evidence, even indirect, that would speak in favor of this version.”

The prosecutor's office also does not believe in goblin, aliens, dwarfs of Arctida and testing of top-secret weapons: fantastic scenarios for the death of the group are rejected, as they say, from the threshold. Prosecutors counted 75 versions of the tragedy, of which they chose the three most likely. “All of them are connected in one way or another with natural phenomena,” explains Kurennoy. - It could be an avalanche, it could be a so-called snowboard. Or a hurricane.

It is unclear, however, why these versions are separated. The descent of a snowboard is a kind of avalanche, while the wind is the most important factor in its formation, and often the trigger. Well, the experts know better.

However, another, more fundamental question arises: was it worth resuming the investigation at all? After all, if there is confidence that no one killed the tourists, then the case of the Dyatlov group is of purely historical interest. The guardians of the law clearly have something to do besides the mysteries of the past. In addition, the death of the Dyatlovites is far from the most mysterious emergency in the history of mountain tourism. A lot of cases when people generally disappeared without a trace.

A typical example: the disappearance of the Klochkov group - four men and two women who traveled through the high Pamirs in the summer of 1989. The search continued for a month, but ended completely to no avail. Nothing is known about the fate of the climbers to this day. Most likely, they fell under an avalanche, but this is just a guess, the scope for imagination is very wide. Much wider than in the case of the Dyatlov group. Nothing prevents, for example, from assuming that Pyotr Klochkov and his comrades were abducted by aliens.

Nevertheless, the answer to the above question is still in the affirmative: yes, it’s worth it, in the case of the Dyatlov group, you need to put an end to it. The reason is that myth-making, exploiting the theme of tragedy, is acquiring less and less harmless forms.

Quite popular today, say, is the version according to which the death of the Dyatlovites was a ritual murder committed by local Mansi led by shamans. Like, an aggressive forest tribe brutally dealt with strangers who invaded the forbidden sacred territory. Moreover, the blood libel singers are provided with a platform not by some marginal nationalist websites, but by federal TV channels in their prime time.

The dead have no shame

But, perhaps, one of the Dyatlovites themselves, Semyon Zolotarev, should be considered the main victim of the conspiracy "dyatlovology". More precisely, not Semyon himself, the dead, as you know, do not have shame, but his relatives.

One can imagine with what feelings they listen today to the nonsense that is pouring from the screens today under the guise of "historical research". Here is a relatively fresh statement of another "dyatlovologist", which was made in the studio of one of the country's leading TV channels: "My opinion is that Zolotarev was captured during the war. He was quickly "processed" ... And that's it, then he became a traitor ... As a traitor he worked for foreign intelligence.

In this case, none - absolutely none! There are no grounds for such conjectures. Everything such “researchers” rely on: a) 37-year-old Semyon was much older than the rest of the Dyatlovites; b) unlike them, had nothing to do with the Ural Polytechnic University; c) was at war. By the way, not just was, but fought heroically, as evidenced by the Order of the Red Star, the medal "For Courage", and other military awards. But for conspiracy theorists, Zolotarev's military past is just evidence. The logic is "iron": since he was at the front, it means that he betrayed his homeland.

Semyon Zolotarev.

According to this, so to speak, version, the outlandish owners instructed Zolotarev to photograph the "fireballs" that appeared in the Ural sky - the result of the bold experiments of Soviet scientists to create "plasmoids". It was for this purpose that Zolotarev asked for a hike. But there he was exposed and, in order to avoid publicity, killed witnesses of his espionage activities. And so as not to be searched, he threw someone's corpse similar to him at the scene.

Variant of delirium: Zolotarev was not an agent of foreign intelligence, but of the KGB. And he did not sniff out, but, on the contrary, defended state secrets. That is why he eliminated the Dyatlovites, who witnessed something terribly secret. Well, they buried, again, someone else.

In the end, Zolotarev's relatives, supported by the capital's press, insisted on the exhumation of his remains, which were buried at the Ivanovo cemetery in Yekaterinburg. The exhumation took place in April last year. The first studies were conducted by Sergei Nikitin, an expert from the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Moscow City Health Department, one of the most respected Russian specialists in personal identification. Using the photo overlay method, Sergei Alekseevich made a categorical conclusion: the remains belong to Semyon Zolotarev.

However, then two genetic examinations were carried out, during which the DNA of a person buried at the Ivanovo cemetery was compared with the gene code of the closest relatives of Semyon Zolotarev - the children of his sister. The first such study refuted the result obtained by Nikitin, excluding maternal kinship, and the second, on the contrary, confirmed (blood relatives). Now, as far as is known, another genetic study is being prepared to give a final answer about the identity of the remains.

Goldmine

Sergei Nikitin is still completely confident in his one-year-old prison sentence. “The remains really belong to Semyon Zolotarev,” Sergey Alekseevich told the MK observer. “The injuries found correspond exactly to the description of the injuries, which was made in 1959 by the forensic expert Boris Vozrozhdenny.”

Nikitin explains the discrepancy in the results of geneticists by the fact that "the first genetic examination was carried out by an amateur, and the second by a professional." And for the future, he advises customers to "trust the old experts and not waste money."

The expert considers the certificate drawn up in the TFR to be a "weighty and serious" document and agrees with its authors in almost everything. The only amendment he proposes concerns the mechanism of injury found in Dubinina, Zolotarev and Thibaut-Brignolle: “After carefully reading all the documents, I think that the following mechanism of what happened is most likely: they fell into the stream, most likely, not at once.

Dubinina fell first (multiple bilateral fractures of the ribs), Zolotarev fell on her (multiple fractures of the ribs on the right side), Kolevatov fell on him (no injuries), fell next to him and hit his head on a Thibaut-Brignol stone (a depressed skull fracture). The injuries of Zolotarev, which I personally saw, and the injuries of the other listed tourists, described by Boris Vozrozhdenny, correspond to these conditions in terms of the mechanism of their formation.

The version defended by some researchers, according to which the injuries were received by the Dyatlovites at the moment the snow board fell, in the tent itself, Nikitin considers implausible - both in terms of the formation of injuries and taking into account their consequences. The injured - at least Dubinina and Thibaut-Brignolles - would not be able to go down the mountain on their own. In addition, the injuries received did not leave them much time to live. According to Nikitin, they could live for half an hour, an hour at most.

In fairness, it should be noted that the position of the supporters of the "avalanche" version of injury also looks quite well-reasoned. However, this is, in fact, a dispute between like-minded people. Both those and others agree on the main thing: the trigger mechanism for the tragedy was a snowfall. Well, as for the details, let's hope that the prosecutor's office will clarify them.

There are good chances that the final picture will turn out to be quite voluminous and clear. However, the likelihood that the results of the test will satisfy the “caring residents of Russia” is practically zero. Neither the numerous tribe of "Dyatlovists" are interested in closing the topic, for a considerable part of which myth-making has already become a way of earning money, nor the regional elite: "the unsolved mystery of the Dyatlov Pass" attracts tourists no worse than the Loch Ness monster. Not a federal TV propaganda machine.

For the latter, the Dyatlov theme is a goldmine, Klondike, Viagra for TV ratings and a means of entertaining idle minds. No, it is theoretically possible, of course, to keep the public engaged in unraveling the mysteries associated with, say, the murder of Nemtsov or the terrorist attack in Beslan, recalling the story of "Ryazan sugar", which is also very mysterious and interesting. But as one high-ranking character of the Strugatsky brothers argued: “The people do not need unhealthy sensations. The people need healthy sensations.” Let's be healthy and safe.

: lomov_andrey wrote - It is also interesting to read about the Dyatlov Pass. The topic is dark and I even wondered if you could find something that was previously unknown, it’s reluctant to wait a month, so if you can ask me a question: The Mystery of the Dyatlov Pass.

Having looked at how many of these versions, I decided so, let's collect here very briefly the maximum number of them. Where possible, references will lead to their more extended interpretation. And you are required in the comments (if you read this on infoglaz.rf) or by voting at the end of the post (if you read this on LiveJournal) to choose the most likely version in your opinion. In the meantime, I will briefly tell you what happened at the pass:

January 23, 1959 the group went on a ski trip in the north of the Sverdlovsk region. The group was headed by an experienced tourist Igor Dyatlov. The group went to the starting point of the route in full force, but Yuri Yudin was forced to return due to pain in his leg. On February 1, 1959, the group stopped for the night on the slope of Mount Kholatchakhl (Kholat-Syakhl, translated from Mansi - "Mountain of the Dead") or peak "1079" (although on later maps its height is given as 1096.7 m.), not far from the nameless pass (later called the Dyatlov Pass).

On February 12, the group was supposed to reach the end point of the route - the village of Vizhay and send a telegram to the institute's sports club. There is a lot of testimonies from participants in search operations and tourists from the UPI that, with Yu. Yudin gone off the route, the group postponed the deadline to February 15. The telegram was not sent either on the 12th or the 15th of February.

An advanced search party was sent to Ivdel on 20 February to organize searches from the air. Search and rescue operations began on February 22, sending several search teams, formed from students and employees of the UPI, who had tourist and mountaineering experience. The young Sverdlovsk journalist Yu.E. also participated in the search. Yarovoy, who later published a story about these events. On February 26, a search group led by B. Slobtsov found an empty tent with a wall cut from the inside, facing down the slope. Equipment was left in the tent, as well as shoes and outerwear of some tourists.

This was seen by the Dyatlovites' tent during investigative actions.

On February 27, the day after the discovery of the tent, all forces were drawn into the search area, and a search headquarters was formed. Evgeny Polikarpovich Maslennikov, master of sports of the USSR in tourism, was appointed the head of the search, and Colonel Georgy Semyonovich Ortyukov, teacher of the military department of the UPI, was appointed chief of staff. On the same day, one and a half kilometers from the tent and 280 m down the slope, next to the traces of a fire, the bodies of Yuri Doroshenko and Yuri Krivonischenko were found. They were stripped down to their underwear. 300 meters from them, up the slope and in the direction of the tent, lay the body of Igor Dyatlov. 180 meters from him, up the slope, they found the corpse of Rustem Slobodin, and 150 meters from Slobodin, even higher, - Zina Kolmogorova. There were no signs of violence on the corpses, all people died from hypothermia. Slobodin had a traumatic brain injury, which could be accompanied by repeated loss of consciousness and contributed to freezing.

The search took place in several stages from February to May. On May 4, 75 meters from the fire, under a four-meter layer of snow, in the bed of a stream that had already begun to melt, the bodies of Lyudmila Dubinina, Alexander Zolotarev, Nikolai Thibault-Brignolles and Alexander Kolevatov were found. Three had serious injuries: Dubinina and Zolotarev had rib fractures, Thibault-Brignolle had a severe head injury. Kolevatov did not have any serious injuries, except for damage to his head caused by an avalanche probe, with which they searched for bodies. Thus, the search work ended with the discovery of the bodies of all participants in the campaign.

It was found that the death of all members of the group occurred on the night of February 1-2. Despite the efforts of the search engines, a complete picture of the incident has not been established. It remains unclear what really happened to the group that night, why they left the tent, how they acted further, under what circumstances four tourists were injured and how it happened that no one survived.

official investigation

The official investigation was opened by the prosecutor of the Ivdelsky district Tempalov on the fact of the discovery of the found corpses on February 28, 1959, was conducted for two months, then it was extended for another month and was closed on May 28, 1959. , apparently, faced some dangerous circumstances in which no signs of a crime are seen, and could not successfully resist them, as a result of which she died. The investigation, first of all, studied the circumstances of the case regarding the possibility of other people being in the area of the death of the group at the time of the events. Versions of a deliberate attack on the group were checked (by the Mansi, runaway prisoners or anyone else). The task of fully elucidating the circumstances of the death of the group, apparently, was not set at all, since from the point of view of the goals of the investigation (making a decision on the existence of a crime), this was not of decisive importance.

Based on the results of the investigation, organizational conclusions were made regarding a number of leaders of tourism in the UPI, since their actions were seen as insufficient attention to the organization and security of amateur (the term "sports" was not yet used at that time) tourism.

The full case file has never been published. To a limited extent, they were available to Anatoly Gushchin, a journalist from Regional Newspaper of Yekaterinburg, who quoted some of them in his documentary story The Price of State Secrets for 9 Lives. According to Gushchin, a young specialist Korotaev V. I. of the Ivdel prosecutor's office was appointed the first investigator. He began to develop a version of the murder of tourists and was removed from the case, as the management demanded that the event be presented as an accident. L.I. Ivanov, a forensic prosecutor of the Sverdlovsk Regional Prosecutor's Office, was appointed investigator. The materials of the investigation by V.I. Korotaev are absent from the archival criminal case, which consists of one volume, an album and a package labeled “Top Secret”. According to Yu. E. Yudin, who was familiarized with the case, it contains technical correspondence from the prosecutor's office of the Sverdlovsk region and the prosecutor's office of the RSFSR, which got acquainted with the case in the manner of prosecutor's supervision.

According to some commentators, the investigation did not study the facts fully enough to unequivocally classify the incident as a crime or an accident. In particular, the belonging of some of the found items and the reasons for their appearance in the area of the death of the group were not established (sheaths, soldier's windings and other items of unknown origin were found). Later it turned out that the ebonite sheath found near the cedar was suitable for the knife of A. Kolevatov (a number of sources mention the second sheath near the tent). It has not been determined with what tool the trunks of the flooring found near the stream were cut down or cut off; to apply these fractures and whether it was of artificial origin. The source of the radioactivity of some items of clothing is vaguely identified. It remains unclear whether a biochemical examination of the blood and bioassays of the bodies of tourists was carried out, which (according to Gushchin) were selected and packed by Korotaev in Ivdel. There are no decisions in the case on recognizing the relatives of the dead tourists as victims, and therefore their legal representatives cannot exercise their rights to participate in a new investigation of the criminal case, if there are legal grounds for such.

In 1990, L.I. Ivanov, who was conducting the investigation, published an article “The Secret of Fireballs” in the newspaper “Kostanayskaya Pravda”, in which he stated that the case was closed at the request of the authorities, and the real cause of the death of the group was hidden: “... Everyone was told that the tourists were in an extreme situation and froze to death… …But that was not true. The true causes of death were hidden from the people, and only a few knew these reasons: the former first secretary of the regional committee A.P. Kirilenko, the second secretary of the regional committee A.F. Eshtokin, the prosecutor of the region N.I. Klimov and the author of these lines, who were investigating the case ... ". In the same article, L.I. Ivanov suggested that a UFO could be the cause of the death of tourists. Some researchers suggest that the mystical bias that prevailed in the press of the 90s, and references to such artifacts, indicate the impossibility of the investigation to clearly and in detail explain the causes of the tragedy due to the imperfection of knowledge, both on the part of the investigators and in the scientific community of that time.

There are more than twenty versions of why the Dyatlov group died, from everyday to fantastic

And now the versions:

1. Quarrel between tourists
This version was not taken as serious by any of the tourists who had experience close to the experience of the Dyatlov group, not to mention the greater one, which the vast majority of tourists have above the 1st category according to the modern classification. Due to the specifics of training in tourism as a sport, potential conflicts are eliminated already at the stage of preliminary training. The Dyatlov group was similar and well prepared by the standards of that time, so the conflict that led to the emergency development of events was excluded under any circumstances. It is possible to assume the development of events by analogy with what could happen in a group of young difficult-to-educate adolescents only from the position of an average person who has no idea about the traditions and specifics of sports tourism. Especially characteristic of the youth environment of the 1950s.

3. Avalanche.
The version suggests that an avalanche descended on the tent, the tent fell under a load of snow, the tourists cut the wall during the evacuation from it, after which it became impossible to stay in the tent until morning. Their further actions due to the onset of hypothermia were not quite adequate, which ultimately led to death. It was also suggested that the serious injuries received by some of the tourists were caused by the avalanche.

4. Influence of infrasound.
Infrasound can occur when an air object is flying low above the ground, as well as as a result of resonance in natural cavities or other natural objects under the action of wind, or when it flows around solid objects, due to the occurrence of aeroelastic oscillations. Under the influence of infrasound, tourists experienced an attack of uncontrollable fear, which explains the flight.
Some expeditions visiting the area have noted an unusual condition that may be due to the effects of infrasound. In the Mansi legends there are also references to oddities, which can also be interpreted in a similar way.

5. Ball lightning.
As a variant of a natural phenomenon that frightened tourists and thus initiated further events, ball lightning is no better or worse than any other assumption, but this version also suffers from a lack of direct evidence. As well as the absence of any statistics on the occurrence of BL in winter in the Northern latitudes.

6. Attack by escaped prisoners.
The investigation requested nearby ITUs and received an answer that no prisoners escaped during the period of interest. In winter, shoots in the Northern Urals are problematic due to the severity of natural conditions and the inability to move outside permanent roads. In addition, this version is opposed by the fact that all things, money, valuables, food and alcohol remained intact.

7. Death at the hands of Mansi

“Kholat-Syakhyl, a mountain (1079 m) on the watershed ridge between the upper reaches of the Lozva and its tributary, the Auspiya, 15 km southeast of Otorten. Mansi "Kholat" - "the dead", that is, Kholat-Syahyl - the mountain of the dead. There is a legend that nine Mansi once died on this peak. Sometimes it is added that this happened during the Flood. According to another version, during the flood, hot water flooded everything around, except for a place on the top of the mountain, sufficient for a person to lie down. But Mansi, who found refuge here, died. Hence the name of the mountain ... "
However, despite this, neither Mount Otorten nor Kholat-Syakhyl are sacred to the Mansi.

Or a conflict with hunters:

The first suspects were local Mansi hunters. According to investigators, they quarreled with the tourists and attacked them. Some were seriously injured, others managed to escape and then died from hypothermia. Several Mansi were arrested, but they categorically denied their guilt. It is not known how their fate would have developed (the law enforcement agencies of those years were perfect in the art of gaining recognition), but the examination established that the cuts on the tourists' tent were made not from the outside, but from the inside. It was not the attackers who "burst" into the tent, but the tourists themselves tried to get out of it. In addition, no extraneous traces were found around the tent, supplies remained intact (and they were of considerable value to the Mansi). Therefore, the hunters had to be released.

8. Tests of secret weapons - one of the most popular versions.
It has been suggested that the hikers were hit by some kind of weapon being tested, the impact of which provoked the flight, and possibly directly contributed to the deaths. As damaging factors, such as vapors of rocket fuel components, a sodium cloud from a specially equipped rocket, and a blast wave were named, the action of which explains injuries. As confirmation, the excessive radioactivity of the clothes of some tourists recorded by the investigation is given.

Or, for example, testing a nuclear weapon:

Having dealt with the enemy's intrigues, let's consider the version of a secret nuclear test in the area where the Dyatlov group is located (this is how they try to explain the traces of radiation on the clothes of the dead). Alas, from October 1958 to September 1961, the USSR did not carry out any nuclear explosions, observing the Soviet-American agreement on a moratorium on such tests. Both we and the Americans carefully monitored the observance of "nuclear silence". In addition, with an atomic explosion, traces of radiation would have been on all members of the group, but the examination recorded radioactivity only on the clothes of three tourists. Some “experts” explain the unnatural orange-red color of the skin and clothes of the deceased by the fall of the Soviet ballistic missile R-7 in the area of the Dyatlov group’s parking lot: supposedly it scared the tourists, and fuel vapors, being on clothes and skin, caused such a strange reaction. But rocket fuel does not “color” a person, but instantly kills. Tourists would have died near their tent. In addition, as the investigation established, no rocket launches were carried out from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in the period from January 25 to February 5, 1959.

9. UFO.
The version is purely speculative, it relies on observations made at other times of some luminous objects, but there is no evidence of a group meeting with such an object.

10. Bigfoot.
The version about the appearance of a “snowman” (relic hominoid) near the tent, at first glance, explains both the stampede of tourists and the nature of the injuries - according to Mikhail Trakhtengerts, a member of the board of the Russian association of cryptozoologists, “as if someone had already hugged them very tightly ". Traces, the edges of which by the time the search began would already be indistinct, could simply be mistaken for blowing or protruding stones sprinkled with snow. In addition, the search team was primarily looking for traces of people, and such atypical prints could simply be ignored.

11. Dwarfs from the mainland Arctida, Descendants of the ancient Aryans, and so on in the same vein.
The version is that the group stumbled upon some artifacts belonging to representatives of some legendary peoples, sects, carefully hiding from people, or met with them themselves and was destroyed to keep the secret. No unambiguously interpreted confirmation of this version (as well as evidence of the existence of these peoples or sects) is given.

12. Zolotarev's special service past (Yefim Saturday's version).

He was forced to move from place to place, hiding from those who had reason to take revenge on him (former colleagues or victims of SMERSH). Zolotarev could not turn to the authorities for help, because he had a "secret", which he did not want to share. This "secret" was the goal of Zolotarev's pursuers. Semyon moved farther and farther until he ended up in the Urals.

13. Version of Galka about the crash of a military transport aircraft
In a nutshell, the fuel carrier aircraft made an emergency release of cargo, presumably methanol (or itself collapsed in the air). The methanol caused sliding, unusually moving landslides, then possibly an avalanche.

14. This is the work of the KGB.

Many facts of hiding, evidence, correcting information and ignoring certain facts.

15. Military poachers

It is our military who have long been the most unpunished of all possible poachers. Try to catch up with a combat helicopter on a motorcycle or an ordinary motor boat. At the same time, often, shooting is carried out at everything “that moves”, and military personnel sometimes do not think about the problem of collecting their hunting trophies at all.

16. Crime, gold.

In the village of 2nd Severny (the last settlement), still with Yudin, who left the group, they visited a warehouse of geological samples. We took some stones with us. Yudin took some (or all?) of it with him in his backpack. From Kolmogorova's diary: “I took several samples. I saw this breed for the first time after drilling. There is a lot of chalcopyrite and pyrite here.” Several sources note that among the “locals” during the search and investigation there were rumors: “The guys’ backpacks were stuffed with gold.” In principle, some samples outwardly could resemble gold. And they could be radioactive to one degree or another. Maybe they were looking for these stones (even if they were taken by tourists by mistake?)

17. Political, anti-party and anti-Soviet overtones

ill-fated "magic power of a piece of paper", which gave official status to the Dyatlov group of tourists, with all the ensuing consequences, can be compared with a plane ticket doomed to inevitable death with all its passengers.
If the Dyatlovites had set off as ordinary wild tourists along with the Blinovites, then both episodes involving the police could seriously affect the behavior of Yura Krivonischenko, and in the village. Vizhay there would be no special need to stop, and if you had to spend the night there, then you would spend the night “in the same club where we were 2 years ago”. They would not have had to communicate with the leadership of the colony, thereby worsening their living conditions in the village. Vizhay. The Dyatlovites would not have had to advertise in the village of Vizhay the purpose of their campaign, timed to coincide with the beginning of the XXI Congress of the CPSU ...

18. The mysterious death of the members of the Dyatlov group was associated with airborne electric discharge explosions of fragments of a small comet.

Quite quickly identified about a dozen witnesses who said that on the day of the murder of students, a balloon flew by. Witnesses: Mansi Anyamov, Sanbindalov, Kurikov - not only described him, but also drew him (these drawings were later removed from the file). All these materials were soon demanded by Moscow...

19. A slightly modified version of a thunderstorm, based on the fact that it is lightning discharges that are a direct consequence of the death of the group, and not temperature or a snowstorm.

20 Zeki fled, and they had to be either caught or destroyed.

Catch in the winter in forest thickets? It makes no sense. Destroy - than.
No, not cruise missiles, of course, and not vacuum bombs. Used gases. Most likely a nerve agent.

Or like this:

One of the versions of conspiracy theorists: the Dyatlov group was liquidated by the special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which pursued the escaped prisoners (I must say, there really were a lot of “zones” in the northern Urals). At night, the special forces collided with tourists in the forest, mistook them for "convicts" and killed them. At the same time, for some reason, the mysterious special forces did not use either cold or firearms: there were no stab or bullet wounds on the body of the dead. In addition, it is known that in the 50s. escaped prisoners at night in the wilderness of the forest were usually not pursued - too much risk. They passed orientations to the authorities in the nearest settlements and waited: you won’t last long in the forest without supplies, willy-nilly, the fugitives had to go to “civilization”. And most importantly! Investigators asked for information about the escapes of "convicts" from the surrounding "zones". It turned out that in late January - early February there were no shoots. Therefore, there was no one to catch the special forces on Kholat-Syahyl.

21. "Controlled delivery"

And here is the most “exotic” version: it turns out that the Dyatlov group was liquidated by ... foreign agents! Why? To disrupt the KGB operation: after all, the student hike was just a cover for the “controlled delivery” of radioactive clothing to enemy agents. The explanations for this amazing theory are not without wit. It is known that investigators found traces of a radioactive substance on the clothes of three dead tourists. Conspiracy theorists linked this fact with the biography of one of the dead - Georgy Krivonischenko. He worked in the closed city of atomic scientists Ozersk (Chelyabinsk-40), where plutonium was produced for atomic bombs. Samples of radioactive clothing provided invaluable information for foreign intelligence. Krivonischenko, who worked for the KGB, was supposed to meet with enemy agents at the Kholat-Syakhyl mountain and hand over radioactive “material” to them. But Krivonischenko "pierced" on something, and then the enemy agents, covering their tracks, destroyed the entire Dyatlov group. The killers acted subtly: threatening with weapons, but not using it (they didn’t want to leave traces), they drove the young people out of the tent into the cold without shoes, to certain death. For a while, the saboteurs waited, then followed in the footsteps of the group and brutally finished off those who did not freeze. Thriller, and more! And now - let's think. How could the KGB officers plan a "controlled delivery" in a remote area that they did not control? Where could they neither observe the operation nor secure their agent? Absurd. And where did the spies come from among the Ural forests, where was their base? Only the invisible man will not "light up" in small surrounding villages: their inhabitants know each other by sight and immediately pay attention to strangers. And why did the adversaries, who conceived a cunning staging of the death of tourists from hypothermia, suddenly seem to be distraught and began torturing their victims - breaking ribs, tearing out their tongues, eyes? And how did these invisible maniacs manage to get away from the persecution of the ubiquitous KGB? The conspiracy theorists do not have answers to all these questions.

Rakitin's version

22. Meteorite

The forensic medical examination, examining the nature of the injuries inflicted on the members of the group, came to the conclusion that they "very similar to the injury that occurred during an air blast wave." Examining the area, the investigators found traces of fire on some trees. It seemed as if some unknown force selectively affected both the dead people and the trees. In the late 1920s scientists were able to assess the consequences of the impact of such a natural phenomenon. It was in the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell. According to the memoirs of the participants of that expedition, badly burned trees in the epicenter of the explosion could be next to the survivors. Scientists could not logically explain such a strange "selectivity" of the flame. The investigators in the case of the "Dyatlovites" could not find out all the details either: on May 28, 1959, a command came from "above" - to close the case, classify all materials and hand them over to the special archive. The final conclusion of the investigation turned out to be very vague: "It should be considered that the cause of the death of tourists was an elemental force, which people were not able to overcome."

23. Methyl alcohol poisoning.
There were 2 flasks of ethyl alcohol in the group, which were found unopened. No other alcohol-containing objects or traces of them were found.

24. Meeting with a bear.
According to the recollections of people who knew Dyatlov, he had experience of meeting wild animals on a campaign and knew how to act in such situations, so it is unlikely that such an attack would lead to the flight of the group. In addition, there were no traces of a large predator in the area, no traces of its attack on the bodies of already frozen tourists. This version is also contradicted by the fact that several members of the group, judging by the position of the bodies, tried to return to the abandoned tent - no one would do this in the dark, when it is impossible to make sure that the beast had already left.

What other versions did I miss?

Which version do you think is more likely?

5 (4.2 % )

17 (14.2 % )

6 (5.0 % )

The 60th anniversary of the death of the Dyatlov group caused a new powerful surge of public interest in the topic. New versions appear almost every day. Authorities also contribute to the excitement: the prosecutor's office announced a large-scale verification of the circumstances of the death of tourists.

However, in 2015, employees of the Investigative Committee were doing the same thing - they were looking for answers to key questions related to the tragedy. We learned previously never published details of this study.

Ludmila Dubinina, Georgy Krivonischenko, Nikolay Thibault-Brignolles and Rustem Slobodin.

Their traditional addressees are the leadership of law enforcement structures, but the Presidential Administration is already quite familiar with this topic.

“Vladimir Vladimirovich, I appeal to you with a request to initiate an investigation of this criminal case again,” says, for example, a message addressed to the head of state, sent last year by a certain citizen Kovalenko. “All caring residents of Russia…want to know the truth.” Reacting to one of these impulses, the head of the TFR ordered an audit of the case on the death of the Dyatlov group.

The forensic investigator Vladimir Solovyov, an authoritative and experienced specialist, was entrusted to study the issue - "in the world" Vladimir Nikolayevich is known primarily as an investigator in the case of the death of the royal family.

This document is remarkable in two respects. First, this is, in fact, the first attempt since 1959 to answer questions left after the case was closed, undertaken by an official law enforcement agency.

Holatchakhl and negligence

The campaign was supposed to end on February 12. A week after the group did not get in touch at the appointed time, search work began.

The tent of the Dyatlov group, partially freed from snow

The last diary entry of the group - the battle sheet "Evening Otorten" - was dated February 1.

Judging by the arrangement of the bodies and the postures in which they froze, death caught these three as they tried to return to the tent. They were dressed in sweaters and ski suits, there was no outerwear. Slobodin was shod in one felt boot, Dyatlov and Kolmogorova had only socks on their feet.

According to the conclusion of the forensic medical examination, the death of all five - Doroshenko, Krivonischenko, Dyatlov, Slobodin and Kolmogorova - was caused by freezing.

Zolotarev had "a multiple fracture of the ribs on the right with internal bleeding into the pleural cavity," Thibaut-Brignolle had "a depressed fracture of the right temporo-parietal region in an area measuring 9 × 7 centimeters."

These are the facts. The 1959 investigation, led by the forensic prosecutor of the Sverdlovsk regional prosecutor's office, Lev Ivanov, failed to give them an explanation.

The circumstances of the events that took place have not been fully clarified. The condition and features of the area have not been studied. Information about weather conditions and seismic activity was not requested.

An analysis of the level of extremeness of the situation, the readiness and psychology of the behavior of the group members with the involvement of high-class specialists was not carried out ... "

White death

Dyatlov group during a hike

In a word, “the preparation of the group members for participation in a difficult winter hike in the mountains was clearly insufficient”: the Dyatlovites had neither the skills to act in such an environment, nor the appropriate equipment.

Another omission is the lack of a full map of the area: "Given that their route was a first ascent, the group walked almost at random."

Conclusion: “This group could overcome a route of such duration (21 days), length (about 300 km) and complexity without incident only with sufficiently favorable weather conditions and luck.

Although the decision to allow the group to the campaign, taking into account the formal "experience" of its participants, was considered justified, the campaign itself, taking into account their actual readiness and lack of communication, was a dangerous and rather adventurous event.

Any significant mistake under extreme conditions and the lack of the necessary knowledge of how to act when they occur inevitably lead to tragic consequences in such campaigns, which happened.

The fatal miscalculation of the Dyatlovites was the choice of the place of their last overnight stay. The place was really bad, but not at all because of the shaman's curses.

One of the last shots taken by the Dyatlovites: setting up a tent

Three factors

The answer to the question why the investigation of 1959 missed this obvious version lies literally on the surface.

“This version was initially excluded based on an erroneous assessment of the situation,” criminologists say. “Most of the participants in the rescue work and representatives of the prosecutor's office observed the scene in good weather 26 days later, after a significant change in the snow cover.”

For almost a month, the wind almost erased the traces of the avalanche: judging by the columns of traces left by tourists, such relief formations remain after blowing off a less dense layer around the seal - at the time of leaving the tent, the snow was at least 40 centimeters higher than when it was discovered.

Initially, the sliding mass of snow was held back for a short time by the tension of the sagging tent. The first clear signs of an avalanche at night in the dark most likely caused panic.

The rapidly increasing snow pressure made it impossible not only to take outerwear, but also to leave the tent in an organized manner. Apparently, this process took a few seconds.

The only way for them to try to survive in those conditions was to try to get down into the forest as quickly as possible, create shelter and provide a warm overnight stay until the weather improved.

Igor Dyatlov

The third group descended a little lower, to the tributary of the Lozva River, apparently in search of a more reliable shelter. However, even here the tourists were not lucky.

Weapon Tests and Arctida Dwarfs

An unprofessional approach "led to the appearance in the case of information about fireballs, radiological studies of the clothes of the victims, which, of course, did not give anything for the investigation."

However, the specialists of the TFR also did not consider their conclusions to be the ultimate truth: the document speaks of the need to conduct more detailed studies with the involvement of experts.

It is unclear, however, why these versions are separated. The descent of a snowboard is a kind of avalanche, while the wind is the most important factor in its formation, and often the trigger. Well, yes, experts know better.

Nevertheless, the answer to the above question is still in the affirmative: yes, it’s worth it, in the case of the Dyatlov group, you need to put an end to it. The reason is that myth-making, exploiting the theme of tragedy, is acquiring less and less harmless forms.

The dead have no shame

“My opinion is that Zolotarev was captured during the war. He was quickly "processed" ... And that's it, then he became a traitor ... As a traitor he worked for foreign intelligence.

Semyon Zolotarev

Variant of delirium: Zolotarev was not an agent of foreign intelligence, but of the KGB. And he did not sniff out, but, on the contrary, defended state secrets. That is why he eliminated the Dyatlovites, who witnessed something terribly secret. Well, they buried, again, someone else.

Goldmine

Nikitin explains the discrepancy in the results of geneticists by the fact that "the first genetic examination was carried out by an amateur, and the second by a professional." And for the future, he advises customers to "trust the old experts and not waste money."

In fairness, it should be noted that the position of the supporters of the "avalanche" version of injury also looks quite well-reasoned.

However, this is, in fact, a dispute between like-minded people. Both those and others agree on the main thing: the trigger mechanism for the tragedy was a snowfall. Well, as for the details, let's hope that the prosecutor's office will clarify them.

Recall that in the winter of 1959, nine tourists disappeared in the mountains of the Northern Urals, who went hiking under the leadership of Igor Dyatlov. A month later, rescuers found their cut tent. And within a radius of one and a half kilometers from it - five frozen bodies. The bodies of the rest were found only in May. Almost all the tourists were shoddy and half-dressed. Some have fatal injuries. Until now, it has not been figured out why the guys ran away into the bitter cold and to their death.

According to the former investigator for especially important cases and the head of investigative units at various levels, Sergei Shkryabach, the cause of the death of the Dyatlov group was that, due to a snowstorm, tourists chose an unsuitable place to stay for the night and set up a camp, digging into deep snow on the mountainside. As a result, an avalanche descended in the form of a landslide covered their tent. In a hurry to leave her with a storm wind and severe frost, all members of the group died.

Sergei Shkryabach came to our radio studio "Komsomolskaya Pravda" (97.2) to talk in more detail about this tragedy.

THIS WAS A FIRST CLIMB

Sergey Yakovlevich, we have been dealing with the history of the Dyatlov Pass for three years now. And during this time we have not formed any specific version of what happened. We read your conclusion, and I wanted to discuss this story with you, as an expert and climber. In the case of an avalanche, it is not entirely clear why they ran so far from the tent (1.5 km, - Ed.)? They could have stayed in place and dug up a tent.

They ran to the forest because that was their only way out. We probably would have done the same thing to survive in this storm. It was necessary to create some conditions. At least a fire. On a blown slope, they would not have bred it. They did not know exactly how far the forest was, since they actually did not have a map. I have studied this issue. The exact maps of the General Staff at that time were classified. They had some kind of forestry maps. But this is not serious.

This, by the way, completely breaks the spy version. If the KGB sent tourists to the mountains, they would have a decent map.

It was a first pass. They followed a route that was not known. Therefore, when they jumped out of the tent, they intuitively went down, not knowing that there were three stone ridges and icing. Their movement was very heavy. Many had minor injuries. They did not even reach the forest, stopping at a lone cedar. Severe frost, wind, they are half-dressed ... No one could last more than two hours under such conditions.

- Three of them were very well dressed. That is the question.

No, they then dressed themselves, taking off the clothes from the dead Doroshenko and Krivonischenko.

THERE WAS NO CONDITIONS FOR SALVATION

- And why did they climb the cedar?

For branches.

- You and I know very well that in life we will not climb any cedar for branches when there is a lot of dead wood around.

Nothing like this. There was nothing there. The cedar stood alone. You can even see it in the photos. And they needed a fire.

- There was dry wood, dead wood, Christmas trees. They did the whole flooring.

It's not them. This is the last four that went further into the ravine.

It is known that there were quite thick branches in the fire. One even burned out. Why didn't they keep the fire going?

How it actually happened, I don't know. By itself, the fire will not save from the cold, if you do not create the conditions.

- Dig a hole?

At least.

We assume that there was a blizzard. But the corpses in relation to the tent lay in a straight line. As if they saw a tent.

No. They just walked down the slope. And in approximately the same direction they tried to return back.

- In your footsteps? Why was the end of the tent open? The horse was visible.

Protruding footprints went down from the tent. These columns were formed due to the fact that the wind blew a layer of snow about 40 cm thick around the pressed footprints. This means that the tent initially had about the same amount of snow, which was also swept away by the wind.

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Dyatlov Pass: End of story? Series 1

THE MILITARY IS NOT HERE

Some of your colleagues are surprised that the case was closed at the end of May, when even the snow had not melted in those places. Why so fussily curtailed the investigation?

As a practitioner, as an investigator, I explain to you that there are situations when the prosecutor sees that you will not find anything in this case, but a stir begins to arise around him. And he stops it. Although at that time it was impossible to do this. Yes, Ivanov was a competent investigator, but he did not involve in the investigation people who understand something in extreme situations, in avalanches. He did not even collect information about weather conditions.

You say that Ivanov did not involve any specialists. But Sverdlovsk athletes Maslennikov and Axelrod, as well as representatives of the Moscow Federation of Tourism, worked on the spot.

Specialists arrived at the site when the tent had already been dug out. Everything, starting with Maslennikov. Therefore, they did not understand the situation. There, the entire slope was trampled down by this time.

- Why did Moscow tourists have to be brought?

Because the consent to conduct this trip was issued by the regional federation for tourism. So they figured out how guilty she was.

- Why did they submit their report to the Central Committee of the CPSU?

Sorry, nine people died! Nobody is responsible for this. In the Central Committee, most likely, complaints rained down. So the Committee demanded information.

Many soldiers were involved in the search. There is a version that they were attracted because the death of tourists is the fault of some military department.

No, it's not. Where else can you get so many people to search? Just build the military. So they combed this whole huge slope.

THE INVESTIGATORS WERE AMATEURS

- There is an opinion that the existing criminal case is a fake, and the real one lies somewhere else.

- That is, then the unprofessionalism of the investigation played a significant role?

It's just that the investigation approached the assessment of the situation in an amateurish manner. The prosecutors saw the tent, which had already been excavated, and began to draw conclusions based on what they found. (The snow on the tent, indeed, was raked, the search engines Slobtsov and Sharavin cut down with an ice ax - Ed.). But you can't do that.

Sergey Yakovlevich, weren't you surprised that there are not many procedural documents in the case? For example, protocols on the resolution of a forensic medical examination.

There were documents, they just came at the wrong time. Sometimes they were not hemmed, but they were there.

What do you think about the opening date of the case - February 6, 1959? (This date is indicated on the cover, and the protocol of initiating a criminal case of February 26, 1959, - Ed.).

Sometimes investigators are wrong. I had a situation when I myself interrogated the organizer of a hired murder, it was Sunday. And I spent it on Saturday. The case went to court, only there they saw the confusion with the dates.

INJURIES - FROM SNOW, AND RADIATION - FROM PRODUCTION

- Many forensic experts are surprised by the quality of the injuries that tourists have received.

Are we talking about those who were found in the stream? I, as a specialist in murders, will say that a bilateral fracture occurs from compression. According to the forensic medical report, there are no point marks of blows and hemorrhages on the bodies. This suggests that there was a wide application area. Such damage occurs from squeezing with great force.

Where did they get these injuries?

They were found at the source of the Lozva tributary. In a place that does not freeze completely. It is covered with snow at first, then the snow thaws and freezes, and the water below remains under it. As in any river. And here a grotto was formed, over which a lot of snow and ice accumulated. Tourists decided to hide from the frost in this place (not knowing that there was a grotto under them). They made a flooring, brought some clothes there, the arch of the grotto collapsed and the four of them collapsed down. They were covered with almost 5 meters of snow and ice. Hence the injuries.

- Why were radiation studies carried out?

They tried to find out, maybe some data. They thought that something else had happened, and not an avalanche. Investigator Ivanov had a poor understanding of the mechanism of this investigation. He was not at the pass at the time of the extraction of the tent, and the Ivdel prosecutor was not there either. He arrived only two days later.

- But the radiation was found!

It was found on the clothes of tourists who worked in closed factories. That is, perhaps they brought it to the pass from the factories.

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Dyatlov Pass: End of story? Series 2 Correspondents of "Komsomolskaya Pravda" came close to unraveling the mystery of the Dyatlov Pass

CAN BE EVALUATED ON THE SITE

- Tourists, unfortunately, died and die often. But why is there such interest in this particular story?

The whole problem lies in the fact that the investigator issued an indistinct decision in the case with wording about elemental force. Intuitively, he was right, because it is an uncontrollable natural force, but he did not attach proof. Didn't do the analysis. So many versions have appeared from here and people are still racking their brains over different versions. And the only most understandable scenario is the way I outlined it. Everything else is mystic. There were no traces of unauthorized persons at the scene, traces of a fire, an explosion - there was nothing there.

- In your opinion, is it necessary to resume the investigation?

No need. The investigation is being resumed due to newly discovered specific circumstances. And we don't have them.

- And if to carry out exhumation?

In this case, we can only see the nature of the fractures. And that's all. More this procedure will not give anything.

- All the same, we have a feeling that there is some kind of secret.

I worked as an investigator for many years and investigated so many different situations, criminal cases, that I clearly know that very often everything is much simpler than we initially think, and everything, in the end, lends itself to a logical assessment. There is no mystery in this case. It is possible, of course, to conduct an investigative experiment - to assess the territory based on the materials of the case, roughly outline where the tent was located, look at the structure of this place, the nature of the rocks, snow covers, the intensity and direction of the winds, and also simulate the mechanism and sequence of movement of each member of the group. And in the end, analyze the situation together with specialists who can be attracted from various structures, including from the Central Spas of the Ministry of Emergencies.

HELP "KP"

Sergey Yakovlevich Shkryabach State Counselor of Justice 3rd class, honorary worker of the prosecutor's office and honorary worker of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. Before retiring due to age, he held the position of Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of Criminalistics of the TFR. He has 30 years of experience in investigating murders and other particularly serious crimes. He also went in for mountaineering for many years, took part in more than 20 expeditions in the mountains of the Caucasus, Pamir, Tien Shan, Sayan and Altai, as well as in the Arctic and Kamchatka.

PERSONAL OPINION

There are many questions that defy logic

Nikolay VARSEGOV

I am sure that not all readers will agree with the conclusions of the respected veteran investigator Sergei Shkryabach. I also have doubts. Let's say a so-called snowboard has come down on the back of the tent. In the photo, indeed, the rear part has collapsed, although it has not been shifted at all along the alleged “avalanche”. But the front part is intact - and this indicates a slight amount of snow, if any. Let's say that this snowfall in the night caused a panic among tourists, and they jumped out into the cold. But how much could mentally stable guys panic? 1-1.5 minutes. But then they see that there is no danger. Therefore, they must return to the tent and dig out clothes and shoes there. It is not difficult to do this, since there was an ice ax and skis next to the tent. No! They run away from the avalanche, and not to the side, but straight down its course. That is, at the risk of being overtaken by an avalanche. Why?!

Another question: why did the fire go out under the cedar? Look at the photos of the dead under the cedar and in the ravine. You will see that the guys were in the forest, and there was no shortage of dry firewood here. But for some reason the guys climbed high on the cedar, breaking branches for the fire? And the fire was initially good, judging by the burnt thick branches. But for some reason, two strong guys died by a blazing fire? And finally, why did Dyatlov and Kolmogorova go to the tent without shoes? And Rustem walked in one felt boots. And at the same time, Zolotarev and Thibaut, who remained in the ravine, were in felt boots and cloaks. Even if the shoes were wounded, it would still be worth borrowing their shoes to go to the tent. And wrap the legs of the wounded with rags. I made experiments on myself: in winter in the village in socks in the snow. This is crazy. And his wife Natasha in the winter on the pass was able to run only 50 meters in three pairs of socks. Why didn’t one of the guys go to the tent instead of the girl Zina?

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