All Slavic languages ​​are close to each other. Work on the Russian language "is it possible to do without interjections" He explained his subject

III uHVVPFB. ChPMYEVOSCHK ZHPOBTSH. in TYOLEO FPTZHEFUS. REQUIRED. rPLKhRLB. lRECEIVE. dBMSHOEKYBS YUFPTYS ZHPOBTS. pFRHUL.

at RPUFHRMEOYS vKHMBOYOB CH ZYNOB'YA RTPYMP HCE YEUFSH MILKING. oBUFBMB UHVVPFB.

uFPZP DOS vKhMBOYO DPTSYDBMUS U OEFETREOYEN, RPFPNKh YuFP RP UHVVPFBN, RPUME HTPPLCH, CHPURYFBOOYLY PFRHULBMYUSH DPNPK DP CHPUSHNY U RPMPCHYOPK YUBUPCH CHEYUETB CHPULTUEOSHS. рПЛБЪБФШУС ДПНБ Ч НХОДЙТЕ У ЪПМПФЩНЙ ЗБМХОБНЙ Й Ч ЛЕРЙ, ОБДЕФПН ОБВЕЛТЕОШ, ПФДБЧБФШ ОБ ХМЙГЕ ЮЕУФШ ПЖЙГЕТБН Й ЧЙДЕФШ, ЛБЛ ПОЙ Ч ПФЧЕФ, ФПЮОП ЪОБЛПНПНХ, ВХДХФ РТЙЛМБДЩЧБФШ ТХЛХ Л ЛПЪЩТШЛХ, ЧЩЪЧБФШ ХДЙЧМЕООП-РПЮФЙФЕМШОЩЕ ЧЪЗМСДЩ УЕУФЕТ Й НМБДЫЕЗП ВТБФБ — ЧУЕ ЬФЙ ХДПЧПМШУФЧЙС ЛБЪБМЙУШ FBLYNY ЪBNBOYUYCHSHCHNY, UFP RTEDCHLKHYOYE YI DBCE OEULPMSHLP UFKHYECHCHCHBMP, PFFYTBMP OB BDOYK RMBO RTEDUFPSEEE UCHYDBOYE U NBFETSHA.

“b CHDTHZ NBNB OE RTYEDEF ЪB NOPC? VEURPLPKOP, Ch UPFShK TB, URTBYCHBM UBN UEVS vKhMBOYO. NPTSEF VSHCHFSH, POBOE OBEF, UFP OBU TBURKHULBAF RP UHVVPFBN? yMY CHDTKhZ EK RPNEYBEF UFP-OYVHDSH? rHUFSH HTS FPZDB VSH RTYUMBMB ZPTOYUOKHA ZMBYKH.

PDOP, RTBCHDB, OEMPCHLP LBL-FP CHPURYFBOOYLH CHPEOOPC ZYNOBYY EIBFSH RP HMYGE U ZPTOYUOPK, OH, DB YUFP HTS DEMBFSH, EUMY VE RTCHPTsBFPZP OEMSHS...

RETCHSHCHK HTPL CH UHVVPFH VSCHM BLPO VPTSYK, OP VBFAYLB EEE OE RTYIPDYM. h LMBUUE UFPSM ZHUFPK, RTPFSTSOSCHK, OEHNPMLBAEYK ZKHM, OBRPNYOBCHYK TSHTSTSBOYE RYUEMYOPZP TPS. fTYDGBFSH NPMPDSHCHI ZMPFPL PDOCHTENEOOP REMP, UNESMPUSH, YUYFBMP CHUMKHI, TBZPCHBTYCHBMP...

chDTHZ, RPLTSCHCHBS CHUE ZPMPUB, CH DCHETSI TBDBMUS UIRMSCHK PLTYL:

uK, NBMSCHYY! rTPDBA CHPMYEVOSCHK ZHPOBTSH! UPCHUEN OPCHSHCHK! LFP IPYUEF LHRIFSH? b? rTPDBEPHUS RP UMHYUBA PYUEOSH DEEYECHP! bBN-NEYUBFEMSHOBS RBTYTSULBS CHEESH!

FP RTEDMPTSEOYE UDEMBM ZTHBPH, CHPYEDYK CH LMBUU U OEVPMSHYYN SEYYULPN CH THLBI. CHUE UTBYKH ЪBFYIMY Y RPCHETOKHMY L OENH ZPMCHSHCH. zTHJHCH CHETFEM SAIL RETED ZMBBNY UIDECHYI H RETCHPN TSDH Y RTPDPMTSBM LTYUBFSH FPOPN BHLGYPOYUFB:

OH, LFP CE IPUEF, TEVSSFB? RP UMHYUBA, RP UMHYUBA ... b FP CHEUSH FBVBL CHSHCHYEM, OE OB YuFP LKhRYFSH OPCHPZP. ChPMYEVOSCHK ZHPOBTSH U MBNRPYULPK Y U DCHEOBDGBFSHHA BLNEYUBFEMSHOSHNY LBTFYOLBNY... OPCHSHCHK UFPYM CHPUENSH THVMEK... oh? LFP CE RPLHRBEF, VTBFGS?

DPMZPCHSSCHK vTYOLEO RPDOSMUS UP UCHPEZP NEUFB Y RPFSOHMUS L ZHPOBTA.

rPLBTSY-LB...

uEZP RPLBCY? UNPFTY Y THL.

OH, IPFSh YЪ THL ... B FP CH SEILE-FP OE CHYDBA ... nPCEF VSHCHFSH, UFP-OYVKHDSH UMPNBOP ...

zTHЪPCH OUSM LTSCHILKh. vTYOLEO UFBM PUMBFTYCHBFSH ZHPOBTSH OBUFPMSHLP CHOYNBFEMSHOP, OBULPMSHLP LFP ENH RPCHPMSMMY THLY zTHHCHBFSHB, LTERLP DETTSBCHYE SAIL.

fTXVLB-FP... FTEUOKHMB. BNEFIM OENEG DEMPCHIFSHCHN FPOPN.

fTEUOHMB, FTEUOHMB! nOPZP FS RPOYNBEYSH, OENEG, RETEG, LPMVBUB, LHRIM MPYBDSH VEI ICHPUFB. rTPUFP TBURBSMBUSH YUHFSH-YUHFSH RP YCHH. pFDBK UMEUBTA RB RSFBUPL RPRTBCHYF.

vTYOLEO BVPFMYCHP RPUFHYUBM ZTSOSCHN OPZFEN RP TSEUFSOPK UFEOLE ZHPOBTS Y URTPUYM:

b ULPMSHLP?

b FShch, NPTsEF VShchFsh, DKhNBM LPREKLY? YYSH MPCHLYK, LPMVBOOIL!

o-OEF, S OE DKhNBM... S FBL RTPUFP... vPMSHOP DPTPZP. dbchbk mhyuye neosfshus. ipwysh?

NEOB CHPPVEE VSCHMB BLFPN CHEUSHNB TBURTPUFTBOEOOSCHN CH ZYNOBYUUEULPK UTEDE, PUPVEOOP CH NMBDYI LMBUUBI. NEOSMYUSH CHEEBNY, LOYTSLBNY, ZPUFYOGBNY, RTYUEN PFOPUYFEMSHOBS UFPYNPUFSH RTEDNEFPCH NEOSH PRTEDEMSMBUSH RPMAVPCHOP PVEYNY UFPTPOBNY. оЕТЕДЛП НЕОПЧЩНЙ ЕДЙОЙГБНЙ УМХЦЙМЙ НЕФБММЙЮЕУЛЙЕ РХЗПЧЙГЩ, ОП ОЕ РТПУФЩЕ, ЗЙНОБЪЙЮЕУЛЙЕ, Б ФСЦЕМЩЕ, ОБЛМБДОЩЕ — ВХИПЧУЛЙЕ, РЕТЧПЗП Й ЧФПТПЗП УПТФБ, РТЙЮЕН РХЗПЧЙГЩ У ПТМБНЙ ГЕОЙМЙУШ ЧДЧПЕ, ЙМЙ УФБМШОЩЕ РЕТЩЫЛЙ (Й ФЕ Й ДТХЗЙЕ ХРПФТЕВМСМЙУШ ДМС ЙЗТЩ). FBLTS NEOSMY CHEEY LTPNE LBEOOSHCHI ABOUT VKHMLY, ABOUT LPFMEFSCH Y ABOUT FTEFSH VMADP PVEDB. NECDH RTPUYN, NOB FTEVPCHBMB UPVMADEOYS OELPFPTSCHI PVTSDOPUFEK. оХЦОП ВЩМП, ЮФПВЩ ДПЗПЧБТЙЧБАЭЙЕУС УФПТПОЩ ОЕРТЕНЕООП ЧЪСМЙУШ ЪБ ТХЛЙ, Б ФТЕФШЕ, УРЕГЙБМШОП ДМС ЬФПЗП РТЙЗМБЫЕООПЕ МЙГП ТБЪОЙНБМП ЙИ, РТПЙЪОПУС ПВЩЮОХА ЖТБЪХ, ПУЧСЭЕООХА НОПЗЙНЙ ДЕУСФЙМЕФЙСНЙ:

uHT, NEOB VE TBNEOB. YuHT, U TBYAENEILB OE VTBFSH. b TBJAENEILH DBCHBFSH.

UCHPEPVTBOSCHK PRSHCHF RPLBSCCHBM, UFP RTYUHFUFCHYE RTY NEOE PDOII RTPUFSHCHI UCHIDEFEMEK YOPZDB PLBSCHCHBMPUSH OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHN, EUMY RTY OEK OE VSCHMP TBBYAENEILB. oEDPVTPUPCHEUFOSHCHK CHUEZDB NPZ PFZPCHPTYFSHUS:

b OBU TBOYNBM LFP-OYVHDSH?

oEF, OP VSCHMY UCHIDEFEMY, CHPTBTSBM DTHZPK NEOSCHYKUS.

UCHYDEFEMY OE UYUYFBAFUS, PFTEISHCHCHBM RETCHSHKK, Y EZP DPCHPD UCHETIEOOOP YUYUETRSCCHBM CHPRTPU DBMSHY HTS UMEDPCHBMB THLPRBYOBS UICCHBFLB.

OH, UFP C? whdeysh NEOSFSHOUS? RTYUFBCHBM vTYOLEO.

RBMShGSCH ZTHHHPCHB UMPTSYMYUSH CH UYNCHPMYUEULYK OBBL Y RTYVMYYYMYUSH CHRMPFSH L DMYOOPNKH PUFEKGB.

oB-LB-USH, CHSHCHLKHUY.

with FEVE DBN VBOKH LYMEL Y RETPYOOOSCHK OPTSYUEL, FPTZPCHBMUS vTYOLEO, PFCHPTBYUCHBS CH FP TSE CHTENS ZPMPCH PF ZTKHЪPCHULPZP LKHLYYB Y PFCHPDS EZP PF UEVS THLPK.

rTPCHBMYCHBK!

th FTY DEUSFLB RHZPCHYG. CHUE OBLMDOSHCH Y Y Y OII YUEFSHCHTOBDGBFSH ZETVPCHSHCHI.

b OH FEVS L UETFH, RETEG. pFCHSTSYUSH.

th YEUFSH VKhMPL.

rPYEM L UETFH...

hFTEOOYI VKhMPL. CHEDSHOE CHEETOOYI, B HFTEOOYI.

RPMESH EEE, RPLB S FEVE H NPTDH OE DBM! CHDTKhZ UCHYTERP PVETOKHMUS L OENKh zTKHJPCH. VTSCHUSH, LPMVBUOYL!.. Oh, NPMPDETSSH, LFP RPLHRBEF? bB DCHB U RPMFYOPK PFDBA, FBL Y VSHCHFSh...

OPCHYYULY NPMYUBMY, OP RP YI ZPTSEIN ZMBBBN CHYDOP VSCHMP, LBLYN CHSHCHUPLYN UYBUFSHEN LBBMPUSH YN PVMBDBOYE TEDLPK YZTHYLPK.

OH, RPUMEDOEE UMPCHP, TEVSFB, DCHB GEMLPCHSCHI! LTYLOHM ZTHHHHCH, RPDSHNBS CHSHCHUPLP OBD ZPMCHPK ZHFMST Y CHETFS YN. uBNPNKh DPTPCE... oh tbh! DCHB? h FP CHTENS EZP ZMBIB CHUFTEFYMYUSH U OBRTSEOOSCHN CHZMSDPN vKHMBOYOB.

b-b! vHMBOLB! LYCHOHM ENH ZPMPCHPK ZTHHHPCH. rPLKHRBK ZHPOBTSH, VKHMBOHILB. vKHMBOYO UNHFYMUS.

with VSC U TBDPUFSHA ... FPMSHLP ..

uFP FPMSHLP? DEOEZ OEF? dB S UEKYUBU YOE FTEVHA. h PFRHUL RPKDEYSH?

CHPF Y CHPЪSHNY X TPDOSCHI. LY DEOSHZY DCHB THVMS! oEVPUSH, DCHB-FP THVMS FEWE DBDHF? b? dBDHF DCHB TXVMS. wHMBOLB?

VKHMBOYO Y UBN OE REFINERARY VSC ULBBFSH: DBDHF ENH DPNB DCHB TXVMS YMY OEF. OP UPVMBO RTYPVTEUFY ZHPOBTSH VSCHM FBL CHEMIL, UFP ENH RPLBBMPUSH, VHDFP DPUFBFSH DCHB TXVMS UBNPE RHUFPE DEMP. "oh. X UEUFET DPVHDH, UFP MY. EUMY NBNB OE DBUF ... chschETOKHUSH LBL-OYVHDSH", HURPLBYCHBM PO RPUMEDOYE UPNOEOIS.

dPNB DBDHF. dPNB NOE OERTENEOOP DBDHF, FPMSHLP...

OH CHPF Y RPLKhRBK, Y RTELTBUOP, UHOHM ENH zTHBPH CH THLY SAIL. FCHPK ZHPOBTSH CHMBDEK, ZHBDDEK, NPEC nBMBOSHEK! deYECHP PFDBA, DB HTS PYUEOSH FS NOOE, vKHMBOLB. RPOTBCHIMUS. b CHS. VTBFGSCH, PVTBFYMUS PO L OPCHYULBN, CHSCH, VTBFGSCH, UNPFTYFE, VKHDSHFE UCHIDEFEMSNY, UFP VKHMBOLB NOE DPMTSEO DCHB TXVMS. OH, YUHT, NEOB VE TBNEOB... umschyyfe? fsch, ZMSDY, OE CHODKHNBK OBDHFSH, OBZOKHMUS BY CHOKHYYFEMSHOP L vKHMBOYOH. pFDBYSH DEOSHZY-FP?

oX NPF. lPOEYUOP, PFDBN.

bVPTSYUSH.

CHPP, EC-VZHP, PFDBN, UEUFOPE UMPCHP...

mBDOP... b FP X OBU ЪOBEYSH LBL.

J, RPDOEUS L MYGH WHMBOYRB LHMBL. zTHЪPCH RPCHETOHMUS ABOUT LBVMHLBI Y CHSHCHRMSHCHM YЪ PFDEMEOYS UCHPEK YBFBAEEKUS RPIPDLPK.

oChPZP IPSYOB ZHPOBTS FPFUBU CE PLTHTSYMY FPCHBTYEY. UP CHUEI UFPTPO RPFSOHMYUSH TSBDOSH THLY.

b OKH-LB, RPLBTSY ZHPOBTSH, VKHMBOLB. yuEZP CE FShch EZP RTSUEYSH? vHMBOHILB, DBC RPUNPZTEFSH.

zhPOBTSh UFBM RETEIPDYFSH Y THL CH THLY, CHSHCHCHCHBS FP IBCHYUFMICHSHCHE, FP DEMPCHSHCHE, FP ChPUFPTTSEOOSCHE, FP LTYFYYUEULIE EBNEYUBOYS. h PVEEN, PDOBLP, YZTHYLB VPMSHYYOUFCHH PYUEOSH RPOTBCHYMBUSH: POB PVEEBMB CH VHDHEEN CHUENH PFDEMEOYA NOPZP ЪBVBCHOSCHI NYOHF. OP UBN vhmboyo, Skadychik Tschychny Zmbbny Kommersant Zhpoben, Uzhtsi Tkhlby, H fp CHEBM PEEVE PCIDBENPK TBDPUFI, h Tkhlby Ztbbi, Lbttsh Lytbmus Lytmusi

FSH UNPFTY, VKHMBOLB, RPUPCHEFPCHBM UEMSHULYK, TBZMSDSCHCHBS OB UCHEF LBTFYOLH, OBTYUPCHBOOKHA OB UFELMSOOPK RMBUFYOLE, UNPFTY, DEOSHZY-FP OERTENEOOOP RTYOYOY.

lPOEYUOP, LPOEYUOP, RTYOEUKH.

UNPFTY CE... B FP...

b FP UFP? URTPUYM IERPFPN vKhMBOYO, Y EZP UETDGE UTSBMPUSh PF OESUOPZP RTEDIUKHCHUFCHYS.

VYFSH VKhDEF, ULBBM UEMSHULIK FBLCE IERPFPN. fsch EZP OE ЪOBEYSH... BY PFYUBSOOSCHK. eUMMY OE OBDEEYSHUS DPUFBFSH DEOEZ, MKHYUYE HTS RPDY OENH CH RETENEOLCH Y PFDBK OBBD ZHPOBTSH.

OEF, OEF... BYUEN TSE? with PFDBN... uFP Ts... rPUME UMPC UEMSHULPZP ON UTBYH Y PLPOYUBFEMSHOP PIMBDEM L UCHPEK RPLHRLE. “th BYuEN NOE VSMP RPLHRBFSH FFPF ZHPOBTSH? DKhNBM SO WEURPMEPK DPUBDK. OH, RETEUNPFT S CHUE LBTFYOLY, B DBMSHIE UFP CE? PE CHFPTPK TB DBTSE Y OEYOFETEUOP VHDEF. dB Y DBUF MY NBNB DCHB TXVMS? dChB THVMS! GEMSCHI DCHB THVMS! b CHDTKhZ POB TBUUETDYFUS, DB Y ULBTSEF: OBFSH OYUEZP OE BOBA, TBDEMSCHCHBKUS UBN, LBL IPYUEYSH. YI, DETOHMP TSE NEOS UHOHFSHUS!

rTYYEM VBFAYLB. h PVPYI PFDEMEOYSI RETCHPZP LMBUUB HYUYM OE UCHPK, ZYNOBYUEULYK UCHSEOOIL, B Y RPUFPTPOOEK GETLCHY, RP ZHBNYMYY REEETULYK. б ОБУФПСФЕМЕН ЗЙНОБЪЙЮЕУЛПК ГЕТЛЧЙ ВЩМ ПФЕГ нЙИБЙМ, НБМЕОШЛЙК, УЕДЕОШЛЙК, ЗПМХВПЗМБЪЩК УФБТЙЮПЛ, РПИПЦЙК ОБ оЙЛПМБС-ХЗПДОЙЛБ, ЮЕМПЧЕЛ ПФНЕООПК ДПВТПФЩ Й ДХЫЕЧОПК ОЕЦОПУФЙ, ЪБУФХРОЙЛ Р ИПДБФБК РЕТЕД ДЙТЕЛФПТПН ЪБ РТПЧЙОЙЧЫЙИУС — РПЮФЙ ЕДЙОУФЧЕООПЕ МЙГП, П ЛПФПТПН вХМБОЙО ЧЩОЕУ ЙЪ УФЕО ЛПТРХУБ УЧЕФМПЕ ЧПУРПНЙОБОЙЕ.

REEETULYK, UPVUFCHEOOP, DBTSE YOE VSCHM UCHSEOOILPN, B FPMSHLP DSHSLPOPN, OP EZP CHUE TBCHOP CHEMYYUBMY "VBFAYLPK". BSHM VSHM ZYIZBOF, Cheesh Khyedykh Ztychkh Yuetoshchi Chpmpu Zhufha, Pztpnoha VPTPDIEH, RTYUEN LBRTYYUS UHDSHVB, FPUOP about UNEI, DBMB ENH ENCH LTERLPZP FPOOSHLEK, ZOOSHUBCHK YU DTEVEVE DTEVECE DTEVEVKY YOURYUBCHK. ChPLETHZ RIP Phenoschshchi Zmbmbiyi, LTBUICH, ChMBSOSHYSHYSHYSHYSHYSHEHSHENSHECH ITUZHEVBM NBUMEOOIUFSHEY LPTYYOOOCHECH LTHZY, RTIDBMP RPDPTPEFEMSHCHK PFFEPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPOPEPOPOPOPOPOPUFE, FP TBFFF. RTP UIMKh REETULPZP CH ZYNOBYY IPDYMP NOPTSEUFCHP MEZEOD. ZPCHPTYMY, YuFP PYUEOSH YUBUFP NBUUYCHOSCHE DKHVPCHSCHE UFHMSHS OE CHSHCHDETSYCHBMY FSTEUFY EZP PZTPNOPZP FEMB Y MPNBMYUSH RPD OIN. tBUULBSHCHCHBMY FBLTSE, UFP CH UFBTYYI LMBUUBI, ZPCHPTS P TBMYUOSCHI DBTBI, OYURPUSHMBENSCHI OEVPN YEMPCELKh, BY RTYVBCHMSM: “CHOYNBKFE, AOPY, U KHUETDYEN UMPCKH VPTSYA, Y CHSHCH VKhDEFED FBL BL”. th VHDFP Vshch RTY LFYI UMPCBI, REEETULYK CHSHCHFBULYCHBM YJ LBTNBOB NEDOSCHK RSFBL Y FHF TSE, ABOUT ZMBBI YЪHNMEOOOPK BHDYFPTYY, UCHETFSHCHBM EZP H FTHVYULH.

OP YUEN HTS DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP EZP ZPURPDShOE CHSHCHULBM, FBL LFP LTBUOPTEYUYEN. pVYaSUOSM ON UCHPK RTEDNEF NEDMEOOP, FSZHYUE, ULHYUOP, U VEULPOEYUOSCHN "ZN ..." Y "LZE ...", U RPCHFPTEOYSNNY PDOPZP Y FPZP CE UMPCHB. RPD EZP NPOPFPOOPE RYMYLBOSH OECHPMSHOP UMYRBMYUSH ZMBBJB Y ZPMPCHB UBNB UPVPK PRHULBMBUSH ABOUT ZTHDSH, PUPVEOOP EUMY HTPL RTPYUIPDYM RPUME IBCHFTBLB. ChPURYFBOOYLY EZP OE MAVYMY, OEUNPFTS DBCE OB EZP MEZEODBTOHA UIMH, LPFPTBS CH ZYNOBYY GEOYMBUSH CHCHUEI DBTCH, OYURPUSHMBENSCHI OEVPN YuEMPCHELH. h OEN YUKHCHUFCHCHBMUS MYGENET. According to UFBCHYM IPTPYYE PFNEFLY, OP YUBUFP TsBMPCHBMUS ABOUT CHPURYFBOOYLPCH YOURELFPTH. LTPNE FPZP, PO "B CHUSLHA NBMPUFSH" ЪBRYUSCHCHBM RTPCHYOYCHYIUS CH LMBUUOSCHK TSKHTOBM, UFP YURPMOSM LBMMYZTBJYUEULYN RPYUETLPN, PYUEOSH NOPZPUMPCHOP Y CHYFYECHBFP. PDOBCDSCH BY BRYUBM VKHMBOYOB IB "LPEHOUFCHP, UCHIOPRPDPVYE Y UFTPRFICHPUFSH". Schooprpdpvye Klmayubmpushhhhhchyuyeoi UBRPZBI, UFTPRFICHPUFSH CHTPLB, B LPheufchp Ch FPN, YuFP LFP-FPP REETULPZP "LPPN", LFP YEEOOP, PUFBBMPUSHECH.

ABOUT FFPF TB HTPL LBBMUS vHMBOYOH PUPVEOOP DMYOOSHCHN. fPMSHLP UFP RTYPVTEFEOOSHCHK ZHPOBTSHOE DBCHBM ENH RPLPS.

“b UFP VHDEF, EUMY NBNB OE DBUF DCHHI THVMEK? fPZDB HCE, OBCHETOPE, PDONY NBUMSOLBNY OE PFDEMBEYSHUS. TBNSCHYMSM vKhMBOYO. dB. OBLPOEG, LBL S TEYKHUSH ULBBFSH EK P UCHPEK RPLHRLE? LPOEYUOP, POB PZPTYUYFUS. POB Y VEY FPZP YUBUFP ZPCHPTYF, UFP UTEDUFCHB H OBU HNEOSHYBAFUS, UFP YNEOYE OYUEZP OE RTIOPUYF, UFP PDOK REOUYY OE ICHBFBEF FBLHA VPMSHYHA WENSHA, UFP OBDP VETEYUSH LBTsDHA LPREL.

oEF, KhTs MKHYUY RPUMHYBFSHUS UPCHEFB uEMSHULPZP Y PFChSBFSHUS PF LFPZP RTPLMSFPZP ZHPOBTS.

OP CHDTKhZ, FPYuOP YULTB, VMEUOHMP H ZPMPCHE VKHMBOYOB FTECHPTSOPE PRBUEOIE, Y DBTSE UETDGE H OEZP ЪBELBMP PF YURKHZB ... b UFP, EUMY EZP YURPTFIMY, RETEDBCHBS Y THL H THLY? chDTHZ TBUFBEIMY LBTFYOLY YMY RPZOHMY YUFP-OYVHDSH? fPZDB zTKHJPCH PVTBFOP OY ЪB YUFP KhTSE OE RTYNEF ... PO RPUREYOP, DDTTSBENY THLBNY, RPDOSM LTSCHYLKH UCHPEZP UFPMYLB Y, RPDDETSYCHBS EE ZPMCHPK, UFBM PUNBFTYCHBFSH ZHPOBTSH.

oEF. CHUE CH RPTSDLE ... fTHVLB OENOPZP TBUIPDYFUS RP URBA, OP LFP FBL Y VSHMP ... CHUE UMSCHYBMY, ABOUT CHUE PFDEMEOYE NPTSOP UPUMBFSHUS ... i LBTFYOLY CHUE CH GEMPUFY DCHEOBDGBFSH YFHL ... chPPF EEE MBNDPYUKHPU

uFP LFP CHSH FBN X UEVS CH UFPMILE DEMBEFE? CHDTHZ KHUMSCHYBM vKhMBOYO FPOEOSHLYK ZPMPU REETULPZP.

BY CHODTPZOKHM Y VSHCHUFTP PRHUFYM LTSCHYLKH. lPEM NEDMEOOP RPDIPDYM L OENH U UBNSCHN MBULPCHCHN CHSHTBTSEOYEN MYGB, FP UPVYTBS CH LHMBL UCHPA ZHUFHA VPTPDH, FP TBURHULBS HER CHEETPN.

s... S... OYUEZP.... s OYUEZP OE DEMBA... RTBCHP, OYUEZP, BLMEREFBM vKhMBOYO.

uFP Kh ChBU FBN?

rTBChP TSE, OYUEZP, VBFAILB! eK-VPZH, OYUEZP ... with RTPUFP ... S LOYCLH YULBM. vPTNPYUB LFY OECHSCHOSCHO UMPCHB, VKHMBOYO LTERLP DETSBMUS b LTBS LTSCHYLY, OP lPEM U OBUFPKYUYCHSHCHN, IPFS Y NSZLYN KHUYMYEN RPFSOKHM EE CHCHETI Y CHSHCHFBEIM CHPMYEVOSCHK ZHPOBTSH.

fBL LFP CHS ZPCHPTYFE OYUEZP? th EEE VPTSYFEUSH! vPTSYFSHUS CHPPVEE OEIPTPYP, B DMS RTYLTSCHFYS MTsY Y RPDBCHOP ... with CHBN ЪDEUSH UMPCHP VPTSIE PYASUOSA, B CHSHCH YZTHYOYUL YZTBEFEUSH. oEIPTPYP. PUEOSH OEIPTPYP ... PUEOSH, PUEOSH OEIPTPYP.

vBFAYLB, RPCHPMSHFE PFDBKFE.... vBFAYLB, S OILPZDB OE VHDH VPMSHIE... pFDBKFE, RPTsBMHKUFB, ChЪNPMYMUS vKhMBOYO.

USCHO NPK. RTPPYOOOU LPBU, DEMTHS DEMTHZ ORPK ZPMPU OEPVSHSHLOPCHOOPHOSHNEN, SIP Chmbzoshcheshche Zmblov PRSFSH UFBMY LTPFLENY, NPC NPKhpmshuyen VSHBM VSBN WHOS ... WIFE OHFP ABOUT LFPN "OP" lPJEM RPCHSHCHUIM ZPMPU Y RTYTSBM MBDPOY L ZTHDY, OP, RPDHNBKFE UBNY, YNEA MY S RTBCHP LFP UDEMBFSh? NPZH MY S ULTSCCHBFSH CHBY DHTOSHCHE RPUFHRLY PF MYG, LPN OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP CHCHETEOP CHBYE CHPURYFBOYE? oEF! PO YITPLYN CEUFPN TBCHEM THLY Y U OEZPDPCHBOYEN IBFTSU VPTPDPK. OE NPZKh RTYOSFSH LFPZP OB UCHPA UPCHEUFSH, RPMPTSYFEMSHOP OE NPZKH ... OEF, OEF, YOE RTPUYFE ... OE NPZKH-U ...

h UBME TEELP Y CHUEMP RTPЪCHHYUBMB FTHVB, YZTBAEBS PFVPK. CHPURYFBOOYLY CHCHUSCHRBMY Y CHUEI YUEFSHTEI PFDEMEOYK YHNOPC, VEURPTSDPUOPK ZHTSHVPK. h FEYEOOYE DEUSFI NYOHF "RETENEOLY", RPMBZBCHYEKUS NETsDH DChKhNS HTPLBNY, OBDP VSCHMP HUREFSH Y OBRYFSHUS, Y RPLKhTYFSH, Y USCZTBFSH GEMHA RBTFYA CH RHZPCHLY, Y RPDHVTYFSH HTPL. zHUFBS FPMRB PVUFHRYMB VPMSHYHA NEDOHA, U FTENS LTBOBNY, CHBH, OBRPMOEOOKHA CHPDPK. pLPMP LFPK CHBSHCH CHUEZDB VSCHMB RTYCHSBOB ABOUT GERY FSTSEMBS PMPCHSOOBS LTHTSLB, OP EA PVSHCHLOPCHEOOP OILFP OE RPMShCHBMUS. LBCDSCHK OBZYVBMUS L PDOPNKh Y LTBOPCH, VTBM EZP H TPF Y, OBRYCHYUSH FBLYN PVTBBPN, HUFHRBM UCHPE NEUFP UMEDHAEENKH. chFPTPLMBUUOYLY, OBRPMOYCH "lBRETOBHN" Y TBVIYCHYUSH FBN ABOUT LHYULY, LHTYMY RPD RTILTSCHFYEN UFPTPTSB, RPUFBCHMEOOPZP X DCHETEK.

vKHMBOYO OE CHSHCHIPDYM YЪ PFDEMEOYS. пО УФПСМ Х ПЛОБ, ЪБДЕМБООПЗП ТЕЫЕФЛПК, Й ТБУУЕСООП, У УФЕУОЕООЩН УЕТДГЕН ЗМСДЕМ ОБ ПЗТПНОПЕ ЧПЕООПЕ РПМЕ, ЕДЧБ РПЛТЩФПЕ УЛХДОПК ЦЕМФПК ФТБЧПК, Й ОБ ДБМШОАА ТПЭХ, ЧЙДОЕЧЫХАУС ОЕСУОПК РПМПУПК УЛЧПЪШ УЕТХА РЕМЕОХ БЧЗХУФПЧУЛПЗП ДПЦДС. chDTHZ LFP-FP BLTYUBM CH DCHETSI:

vHMBOYO! DEUSH OEF vKHMBOYOB?

ъDEUSH. uFP OHTSOP? PVETOKHMUS FPF.

UFHRBC ULPTEE CH DETSKHTOKHA. REFHI ЪPCHEF.

vBFAILB OBTSBMPCHBMUS?

oE BOBA. dPMTSOP VSHCHFSh. sing NETsDH UPVPK UFP-FP TBZPCHBTYCHBAF. GO SUCK!

lPZDB VKHMBOYO SCHYMUS CH DETSKHTOKHA, FP REFHI Y lPEM PDOCHTENEOOP CHUFTEFIMY EZP, RPLBYUYCHBS ZPMCHBNY:

REFHI LYCHBM ZPMCHPK UCHETIH CHOI Y DPCHPMSHOP VSHCHUFTP, YUFP RTYDBCHBMP EZP TSEUFBN HLPTY'OEOOSHCHK Y OEDCHPMSHOSCHK PFFEOPL, B lP'em RPLBYUYCHBM UMECHB OBRBCHP Y PYUEOSH PYUEOSH NEDMEOOP. yFB NYNYYUEULBS UGEOB RTPDPMTSBMBUSH NYOHFSHCH DCHE YMY FTY. vKhMBOYO UFPSM, RETECHPDS ZMBBB U PDOPZP ABOUT DTHZPZP.

UFShCHDOP-U... UPCHEUFOP... NOE BL CBU UPCHEUFOP, ЪBZPCHPTYM OBLPOEEG REFHI. fBL-FP CHSH OBJOOBEFE HYUEOYE? yCh HTPLE ЪBLPOB VPTSYS CHSH... LBL VSCH ULBBFSH... TBCHMELBEFEUSH... YZTHYEYULBNY ЪBOINBEFEUSH. ChNEUFP FPZP YuFPVShch MPCHYFSH LBTsDPE UMPCHP Y... LBL VSH ULBBFSH... BLEYUBFMECHBFSH EZP H HNE, CH RTEDBEFEUSH RBZHVOSHCHN ЪBVBCHBN... uFP CE VHDEF U CHBNY DBMSHYE, EUMY CHSHCHL... FEREBSHL .. FBL OEVTETSOP PFOPUYFEUSH L CHBYN PVSBOOPUFSN?

OEIPTPYP. PUEOSH OEIPTPYP. RPDFCHETDYM lPEM, HRITBS ABOUT "P".

"OE RHUFIF CH PFRHUL", TEYIM CH HNE VKHMBOYO, Y REFHI, LBL VSH HZBDSHCHBS EZP NSCHUMSH, RTPDPMTSBM:

uPVUFCHEOOP ZPCHPTS, S ChBU DPMTSEO VEI PFRHULB PUFBCHYFSH...

zPURPY-YO LBRYFBO! TsBMPVOP RTPFSOKHM vKhMBOYO.

FP-FP CHPF ZPURPDYO LBRYFBO. about RETCHSHCHK TB S HTS, FBL Y VSHCHFSH, OE UFBOH MYYBFSH ChBU PFRKHULB ... op EUMY EEE TB UFP-MYVP RPDPVOPE RPNOYFE, CH TsHTOBM ЪBRYYKH-U, CHSHCHULBOYE RPMPTSH-U. RPD BTEUF RPUBTSH-U ... uFHRBKFE! ..

- ZPURPDY-YO LBRYFBO, RPCHPMSHFE NPK ZHPOBTSH.

oEF-U. zhPOBTS CHS VMEE OE RPMHUYFE. UEKYUBU CE S RTYLBTSH DSDSHLE EZP UMPNBFSH Y VTPUIFSH H RPNPKOHA SNH. IDYFE.

s-L SL-MYU, RPTsBMHKUFB... RTPUYM vKHMBOYO UP UMEBNY CH ZPMPUE.

oEF-U Y OEF-U. IDYFE. yMY CHSC TSEMBEFE (FHF REFHI UDEMBM ZPMPU UFTPTSE), YUFPVSCH S DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP ... LBL VSC ULBBFSH ... PUFBCHYM CHBU ABOUT RTBDOYL CH ZYNOBYY? uFHRBKFE-U.

in HMBOYO HYEM. URTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH FTEVHEF ULBBFSH, UFP REFHI OE UDETSBM UCHPEZP UMCHB PFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHPOBTS. yuEFSCTE ZPDB URHUFS VKHMBOYOH RP LBLPNH-FP DEMKH RTYYMPUSH OBKFY ABOUT LCHBTFYTH sLPCHB sLPCHMECHYUB. fBN, Ch HZMH ZPUFYOPK, VSCHMB UCHBMEOB GEMBS ZPTLB YZTHYEL, RTYOBDMETSBEYI NBMEOSHLPNH LBTMKHYE EDYOUFCHEOOPNH YUBDH refHIB, Y UTEDY OYI vKHMBOYO VE FTHDB KHPCHMPKHOBMP. PO UPDETTSBMUS CH PVTBIGPCHPN RPTSDLE Y, RP-CHYDYNPNKH, NPZ TBUUYUYFSHCHCHBFSH ABOUT RPYUFEOOHA DPMZPCHEYUOPUFSH CH VETETSMYCHPN OENEGLPN UENEKUFCHE. OP ULPMSHLP ZPTSHLYI, HTSBUOSCHI CHEYUBFMEOYK CHSHCHCHBM FPZDB CH PFTPYUEULPK RBNSFY vKhMBOYOB CHYD LFPZP OECHJOOOPZP RTEDNEFB!..

yEUFPK HTPL CH FFPF DEOSH VSCHM OBUFPSEEK RSHCHFPK DMS OPCHYULPCH. POI UCHETIEOOOPOE NPZMY KHUYDEFSH ABOUT NEUFE, RPNYOHFOP CHETFEMYUSH Y FP Y DEMP U UFTBUFOSHCHN PTSYDBOYEN PZMSDSCHCHBMYUSH ABOUT DCHETSH. ZMBB B CHCHPMOPCHBOOP VMEUFEMY, RBMShGSC PDOPK THLY OETCHOP NSMY RBMSHGSCH DTHZPK, OPZY RPD UFPMPN CHSHCHVYCHBMY OEFETREMYCHHA DTPVSH. уП ЧУЕИ УФПТПО ЧПРТПЫБАЭЙЕ МЙГБ ПВТБЭБМЙУШ Л МПРПХИПНХ уФТБИПЧХ, УЙДЕЧЫЕНХ ОБ ЪБДОЕК УЛБНЕКЛЕ (Х ОЕЗП ПДОПЗП ЧП ЧУЕН ПФДЕМЕОЙЙ ВЩМЙ ЮБУЩ, ЧППВЭЕ ЪБРТЕЭЕООЩЕ Ч ЗЙНОБЪЙЙ), Й уФТБИПЧ, РПДЩНБС ЧЧЕТИ ТБУФПРЩТЕООЩЕ РСФЕТОЙ Й НБИБС ЙНЙ. RPLBJSCHCHBM, ULPMSHLP EEE NYOHF PUFBMPUSH DP FTEI YUBUPCH. pVEEE CHPMOEOYE DP FBLPK UFEREOY UPPVEIMPUSH vHMBOYOH. UFP ON DBTS RPBVSHM P OEUYUBUFOPN ZHPOBTEY P UCHSBOOSHHI U OIN ZTSDHEYI OERTYSFOPUFSI. пО, ФБЛ ЦЕ ЛБЛ Й ДТХЗЙЕ, УХЕФМЙЧП ВПМФБМ ОПЗБНЙ, ФЙУЛБМ МБДПОСНЙ МЙГП Й УХДПТПЦОП ЕТПЫЙМ ОБ ЗПМПЧЕ ЧПМПУЩ, ЮХЧУФЧХС, ЛБЛ Х РЕЗП Ч ЗТХДЙ ЪБНЙТБЕФ ЮФП-ФП ФБЛПЕ УМБДЛПЕ Й ОЕНОПЗП ЦХФЛПЕ, ПФ ЮЕЗП ИПЮЕФУС РПФСОХФШУС ЙМЙ ЪБРЕФШ ЧП ЧУЕ ЗПТМП. OP CHPF TBDBAFUS ЪCHKHLY PFVPS, CHUE CHULBLLYCHBAF U NEUF, FPYuOP RPDVTPYEOOSCHE LMELFTYUEULYN FPLPN. LBL VSCHOY VSCHM UFTPZ Y REDBOFYUEO RTERPDBCHBFEMSH, LBL VSCHOY VSCHM CHBTSEO PVYASUOSENSCHK YN HTPL, XOEZP OE ICHBFIF DHIKH YURSCHFSCHCHBFSH CH LFH NYOHFH CHSHCHDETSLH HYUEOILPC. "vMBZPDBTYN FEVE, UPDBFEMA", YUIFBEF ABOUT IPDH, U FTHDPN RTPVYTBSUSH NETSDH ULBNEKLBNY. уЕМШУЛЙК, РП ОЙЛПНХ ДБЦЕ Й Ч ЗПМПЧХ ОЕ РТЙДЕФ РЕТЕЛТЕУФЙФШУС... у ИМПРБОШЕН ПФЛТЩЧБАФУС Й ЪБЛТЩЧБАФУС РАРЙФТЩ, ХЧСЪЩЧБАФУС ЧЕТЕЧЛБНЙ ЛОЙЗЙ Й ФЕФТБДЙ, ЛПФПТЩЕ ОХЦОП ЧЪСФШ У УПВПА, Б ОЕОХЦОЩЕ, ЛБЛ РПРБМП, ЫЧЩТСАФУС Й ЧФЙУЛЙЧБАФУС Ч СЭЙЛ.

nPMYFCHB LPOYUEOB. dCHBDGBFSH YuEMPCHEL MEFSF UMPNS ZPMPCH L DCHETSN, EDCHB OE UVYCHBS U OPZ RTERPDBCHBFEMS, LPFPTSCHK U UOYUIPDYFEMSHOPC, OP OEULPMSHLP VPSMYCHPK HMSCHVLPK TSNEFUS L UFEOE. йЪ ЧУЕИ ЮЕФЩТЕИ ПФДЕМЕОЙК ПДОПЧТЕНЕООП ЧЩТЩЧБАФУС ЬФЙ ЦЙЧЩЕ, ОЕХДЕТЦЙНЩЕ РПФПЛЙ, УМЙЧБАФУС, РЕТЕНЕЫЙЧБАФУС, Й УПФОС НБМШЮЙЫЕЛ НЮЙФУС, ЛБЛ УФБДП НПМПДЩИ ЪДПТПЧЩИ ЦЙЧПФОЩИ, ЧЩРХЭЕООЩИ ЙЪ ФЕУОЩИ ЛМЕФПЛ ОБ ЧПМА... рТЙВЕЦБФШ Ч УРБМШОА, ОБДЕФШ НХОДЙТ, ЫЙОЕМШ Й ЛЕРЙ, ТБЪМПЦЕООЩЕ юЕФХИПА ЪБТБОЕЕ RP LTPCHBFSN PFRKHULOSHCHI, DEMP PDOPC NYOHFSCH. FERETSH PUFBEFUUS RPKFY CH "DETSKHTOKHA", ZDE HCE UYDSF CHUE YUEFSHCHTE CHPURYFBFEMS, Y "SCHYFSHUS" REFHIH.

ZPURPYO LBRYFBO, YUEUFSH YNEA...

b RPYUENKH X CHBU RKHZPCHYGSCH OE RPYUEEEOSCH?

bi, fy RTPLMSFSHCHE RHZPCHYGSCH! PRSFSH OKHTSOP VETSBFSH CH URBMSHOA, PFFHDB CH HNSCHCHBMLH. fBN ABOUT DPULE CHUEZDB METSBF DCHB VPMSHYI LTBUOSCHI LITRYUB. vKhMBOYO VSHCHUFTP Y LTERLP FTEF YI PDYO P DTHZPK, RPFPN PVNBLYCHBEF NSLPFSH MBDPOY CH RPTPYPL Y FBL FPTPRMMYCHP YUYUFYF RHZPCHYGSCH, UFP PVTSYZBEF OB THLE LPCH. vPMSHYPK RBMEG DEMBEFUS YuETOSCHN PF NEDY Y LITRYUB, OP NSCHFSHUS OELPZDB, NPTsOP Y RPUME KHUREFSH...

ZPURPDYO LBRYFBO, YUEUFSH YNEA SCHYFSHUS. ChPURYFBOOYL RETCHPZP LMBUUB, CHFPTPZP PFDEMEOYS. y...

b-b! rPYUYUFYMYUSH? iPTPYP-U. b ЪB CHBNY RTYYMY YMY RTYUMBMY LPZP-OYVHDSH?

p ZPURPDY, PRSFSH PTSYDBOYE CHPF NHLB! h YUBKOHA ЪBMX, RTYNSCHLBAEKHA L DETSHTOPK, FP Y DEMP CHSHCHIPDSF UOYEKH YЪ RTYENOPK DSDSHLY Y ZTPNPZMBUOP CHSHCHSHCHCHBAF CHPURYFBOOYLCH:

UCHETZYO, EZPTCH, RPTsBMHKFE, ЪB CHBNY RTYEIIBMY; vBIFYOULYK CH RTIENOHA! “OEKHTSEMY PVP NOE BVSHCHMY DPNB? YERYUEF CH FTECHPZE VKHMBOYO, OP FPFUBU TSE RKHZBEFUUS UCHPEK NSHCHUMY. oEF, OEF, LFPZP VSCHFSHOE NPCEF: NBNB OBEF, NBNB UBNB UPULHYUMBUSH ... oh, ChPF. YDEF UOPCHB DSDSHLB ... FERETSCH HTS, OVERCHETOP, NEOS. UETDGE VHMBOYOB PF PTSYDBOYS VSHEFUS CH ZTHDY DP VPMY.

bB mBNRBTЈCHSCHN RTYEIIBMY, ChPЪCHEEBEF DSDSHLB TBCHOPDHYOSCHN ZPMPUPN, Y FP TBCHOPDHYE LBCEFUS vKhMBOYOKH PULPTVYFEMSHOSHCHN, RPYUFY KhNSHYMEOOOSCHN. "IFP PO OBTPYUOP FBL ... CHYDYF CHEDSH, LBL NOE OERTYSFOP, Y OBTPYUOP DEMBEF". OBLPOYEG OETCHOPE OBRTTSEOIE OBJOYOBEF PUMBVECHBFSh. eZP UBNEOSAF HUFBMPUFSH Y ULHLB. h YOYOMY UFBOCHYFUS TsBTLP, ChPTPFOYL DBCHYF YEA, LTAYULY TECKHF ZPTMP ... iPYUEFUS UEUFSH Y UIDEFSH, OE RPCHPTBYUYCHBS ZPMPCHSCH, FPYuOP ABOUT CHPLBME. “CHUE LPOYUEOP, CHUE LPOYUEOP, U ZPTEYUSHA DKHNBEF VKHMBOYO. S UBNSCHK OYUYBUFOSHCHK NBMSHUYL CH NYTE, CHUENY OBVSCHFSCHK Y OILPNKh OE OKHTSOSCHK ... "

dPUBDOSHCHE UMESHCH RTPUSFUS ABOUT ZMBB. DSDShLB CHSHCHLMYLYCHBEF CHUE OPCHSHCHE Y OPCHSHCHE ZHBNYMYY, RP RPSCHMEOYE EZP HCE OE CHSHCHSHCHCHBEF OEFEETREMYCHPZP RPDYAENB CHUEI YUHCHUFCH: vKHMBOYO UNPFTYF OB OEZP NKhFOSHNY, OERPCHYTSOHNYYBYMP. й ЧПФ, — ЛБЛ ЬФП ЧУЕЗДБ ВЩЧБЕФ, ЕУМЙ ЦДЕЫШ ЮЕЗП-ОЙВХДШ ПУПВЕООП УФТБУФОП, — Ч ФХ УБНХА НЙОХФХ, ЛПЗДБ вХМБОЙО ХЦЕ УПВЙТБЕФУС ЙДФЙ Ч УРБМШОА, ЮФПВЩ УОСФШ ПФРХУЛОХА ЖПТНХ, ЛПЗДБ Ч ЕЗП ДХЫЕ РПДЩНБЕФУС ФСЦЕМБС, ХДТХЮБАЭБС ЪМПУФШ РТПФЙЧ ЧУЕЗП НЙТБ: РТПФЙЧ REFHIB, RTPFICH ZTHHCHB. RTPFICH VBFAYLY, DBCE RTPFICH NBFETY. H LFH UBNHA NYOHPHH DSDSHLB, PF LPFPTPZP vKHMBOYO OBTPYuOP PFCHPTBYUYCHBEFUUS, LTYYUIF ABOUT CHUA UBMH:

bB vHMBOYOSCHN RTYEIIBMY! rTPUSF RPULPTEE PDCHBFSHUSS!

th HTS OB FFPF TB ZPMPU DSDSHLY LBTSEFUS vKhMBOYOKH OE HNSCHYMEOOP TBCHOPDHYOSCHN, BCHEUEMSHCHN, UPYUKHCHUFCHEOOOSCHN, DBTSE TBDPUFOSHCHN.

(cards for individual work)

Complex task system

In Russian

for 7th grade course

(for Russian and Ukrainian classes)

Language and speech. The culture of Russian speech

1. 
   Change the sentences so that the verbs become reflexive

1. 
   Fix speech errors

Indefinite form of the verb (infinitive)

Differentiation in writing suffixes -ova-

(-eva-), -yva-(-iva-)
Insert missing letters, highlight suffixes.
Report ... on the completed task, unwind ... thread, order ... to subordinate, profess ... to confess faith, participate ... in a rally, bring out ... information, exert ... influence, treat ... with dumplings, command ... with a division, test ... use a new cream, use new technologies, preach goodness.

Spelling of prefixes pre-, at-, s-.

Write off, insert missing letters, underline verbs.

Pro ... overcome pr ... hail, not pr .. step the law,

In fine weather, pr .. to tear a bad dream,

Kindly smile or pr .. guard the way,

Here we will write the prefix everywhere, pre-, and pre-

Pr ... close and pr ... glue, pr ... set and pr ... sew

A little higher pr ... let's raise and introduce novelties.

A little pr ... let's reduce, just a little pr ... we're lying.

Let's put it in order and sit down and rest ...

Spelling not with verbs

1. Write off, open the brackets, find the “fourth extra”

A) (didn’t) do, (didn’t) have time, (didn’t) sleep, (didn’t) love;

B) (didn’t) feel, (didn’t) play, (didn’t) hear; (did not eat

C) (not) weather, (not) attentiveness, (not) nastya, (not) work, but care.

2. Write off, open brackets

(not) hate, (not) achieve (not) yearn, (not) will, (not) be afraid, (not) bark, (not) deprive, (not) underestimate,

(not) yearn, (not) pass, (not) get enough, (not) get sick, (not) get well.
Verb tenses

Write off, determine tenses of verbs

Every day I climbed the hill and watched from there how the deer graze. They nibble on the moss, and all the time they raise their heads and look around, sniffing the air - is there a bear sneaking up?

I saw one deer scratched by a bear's claw. The bear rushed at the deer, but did not have time to grab it, only scratched it.

Therefore, deer go in herds. One will sense danger, snort, and all the deer will become alert and run away.

I and II verb conjugation

Write the verbs in the list in two columns according to conjugations..

Say (1) , whisper (1) , ride (1) , swim (1) , listen (1), hear (2) , fresh (1), blacken (1) , get sick (1) , look (2) , see (2) , endure(1) , prick(1) , fight (1) , wash(1) , go out(1) , pull(1) , cough(1) , sow(1) , love(2) , press(2) , load(2) , dry(2) , glue(2) , build(2) .

Opposite conjugated verbs

Write by opening brackets
We (want) to participate in extras. How good (to run) these athletes! Who are you (to run) with? If you (want), you will achieve great sporting success.

At home, eat what (want), and at a party, what (order). Good fame (lie down), but bad fame (run away) Live not in order to (eat), but (eat) in order to live.

Spelling of unstressed personal endings in verbs

2 person singular
Put the verb in 2 l. units h.
mesha__ (sp.)

Pull out __ (adj.)

Write__ (sp.)

Drank __ (adj.)

Kopa__ (ref.)

Find__ (ref.)

Suggestion__ (ref.)

Conspiracy__ (ref.)

Build__ (ref.)

Purchase___ (ref)

Participle as a special form of the verb: meaning, morphological features, syntactic role

1. 
   Insert missing letters, explain graphically their choice:

with sacramental turnover.

Separate participial phrases with commas, if necessary.

A man dressed in black approached the house, hidden in the shade of spreading plane trees. His attention was drawn to the swinging sash of a window on the second floor. He deftly climbed up the creaky wooden ladder someone put against the wall and disappeared into the dark gap of the window.

Construction of sentences with participial turnover (practical lesson)

Determine what you find interesting in your city (town, village) or its surroundings.

Make up a short statement (three or four sentences), if possible, use participial phrases (for example, with participles located, located, built, created, grown, decorated, covered, etc.).

Real participles. Their education in the present and past tense.

Write off, insert missing letters
1. Boasting ... boasting of his successes; that ... snow in the sun; cutting metal machine; numbered ... students on the list; columns holding a balcony; mother worried about the health of the child; due to circumstances beyond our control; meaning in the list; se… schy discord between people; on duty ... a policeman; lights looming ... shchie in the darkness; schoolchildren preparing ... performance; the wind swaying ... the reed, the scarf trembling ... in the sun; the decision depends ... on friends; a small animal that is sword-swinging in fright.

Passive participles. Their education in present and past tense

When opening brackets, form the phrases “participle + noun” and write them down. Highlight the passive participle suffixes. Make up a sentence with the last phrase.
Respect ... my (team), studying ... my (schoolchildren), encouraging ... my (comrade), overwhelmed ... my thirst (activity), preparing ... my (student), recommend ... my (work), amulet .. .my (dampness), driven by ... my feeling (compassion).

Short passive participles, their role in the sentence. Emphasis in short passive participles.

Form a short form from these participles :

Frightened, picked up, split, started, led, curtained.

Woven, translated, accepted,

Shackled, taken, sewn.

One and two nn in suffixes

passive participles

and verbal adjectives
Write off, insert n or nn in participle suffixes
Heat ... th fish, not hot ... th

Fish, fresh frozen fish;

Fish, heat ... th in the test; minced ... tomatoes; baked ... meat; baked pies; a cake baked from flour; baked ... apple pie in the oven; candied ... cherry; layer ... th cake; pickles ... cucumbers; non-boiling ... milk.

Spelling not with participles

The air, which has not yet become sultry, is pleasantly refreshing. In autumn, it rains (un)ceasingly. Lightning, (not) enraged, but exhausted, blazed across the river.

Rewrite with parentheses open:

The wind rushed in through the (un)closed window. Thunder is heard in the distance, (not) rolling, but dull rumbling. (Non-)ceasing all day rain shower noise. (Not) dry ground after rain. (In) an indelible impression was left by a thunderstorm at sea.

The participle as a special form of the verb: meaning, morphological features, syntactic role.

• 
  Write down, replacing the verbs in brackets with gerunds. Insert the missing letters.

1. 
   (Meet) adults or (enter) the premises, say hello first. (Hello) with the elders ... do not stretch out your hands, wait until they do this themselves ... i.e. (Remove) at the same time, the truck ... ku or sha ... ku, do not put it on until you shake ... your hand.
2. 
   (Give) a hand, take off the glove from it, lean a little ... lean forward .... (Bow), only bend your head, and don’t bend ... cut in half and don’t wave your arms ... (Sit) on a tram or bus, just ... let your companion in the door first.

Edit this text, replace 3-4 syntactic constructions with adverbial phrases.

1. The sun came out for the last time, illuminated the gloomy side of the horizon and disappeared.2. The whole neighborhood suddenly changes and takes on a gloomy look.3. Here the aspen grove trembled.4. Leaves become cloudy. 5. The tops of the trees sway and tufts of dry grass fly across the road. 6. Swifts and swallows fly low above the ground, cutting through the air. 7. Restless ants rushed about, huddled together. 8. Lightning flashes, blinds the sight and illuminates us.
Perfective and imperfective participles.

• 
  Form perfect and imperfect participles from verbs.

• 
  Form perfect participles.

Hear, melt.

• 
  Form imperfect participles.

Recognize, develop, run, meet

Spelling not with gerunds

Write off by opening brackets.

(Not) going up the mountain, (not) you will see the plain.

(Not) thinking, (do not) get down to business. (Not) coming in

In the water, you will (not) learn to swim. (not) taking hold of

An ax, you can (not) cut down the huts. (Do not) take on weaving bast shoes,

(not) scratching the bast. (Not) feeding the horse,

You will (not) go far. (Not) having supper is easier, but having supper is better. (Not) pretty face

And good mind.

Adverb as a part of speech: meaning, morphological features, syntactic role

Choose an adverb for these phraseological units.
Get up before dawn; live soul to soul; at hand; even a dime a dozen; rush at full speed; roll up your sleeves; one foot here, the other there; hand on heart; in the middle of nowhere; black on white; side by side. Adverb ranks by meaning

Form adverbs from these words:

century, charming, yours, third, next.

Looking danger in the face...

Live soul to soul - ...

Get up before dawn - ...

On a grand scale…

From the heart -…

Hands down -…
Degrees of comparison of adverbs. Special cases of the formation of degrees of comparison of adverbs

Spelling of adverbs. Letters about and a at the end of adverbs

The steam locomotive and (s, h) frightened .. whistled ... the shaft of the forest buzzed and to the right ... and to the left .. raging like lakes. Every time you explain (b, b) ... you make the road like a dream .. pass .. you go along it through all these free places through the forest (?) clearings littered with .. with flowers without (s, ss) death row and dreams ... and dreams .. and ... you try lightness in your soul. The simplest sign is the smoke of a fire. Then he rises (t, t) in a column to the sky calmly ... jets (t, t) up, higher than the highest willows, then creeping with fog on the grass, then rushing around ... around the fire. Crows flew over the island and croaked and (s, h) frightened ... and ominous ...

Spelling of adverbs. Letters oh e after w, h, w, w at the end of adverbs.

• 
  Form adverbs from adjectives and explain spelling

• 
  Form an adverb from an adjective, graphically indicate the spelling

Finish (brilliant)

learn (good)

View (biting)

move (clumsy)

Was (fresh)

Letter b after w, h, w, w at the end of adverbs

Insert missing letters.
Fall backwards ..; rush about ..; hit backhand ..; return midnight ..; wait impatiently ..; completely .. covered with clouds; flow slowly..; flow .., formed in the boat; smoked bream..; hide .. from the rain; the day is good .., make a hut ..; appear from behind the clouds ..; fried game..; carried away by interesting work; solve many problems..; perform to the point ..-to-the-point ..; wide open .. window; unbearable.. to continue the journey; kindle .. a fire; solid .. birch hung with catkins.

Spelling of adverbs. Hyphenated, continuous and separate spelling of adverbs.

Write off, open brackets, underline the spelling

Birches on moist, rotten soil grew (in) crooked and (in) mowing, (in some) (where) dry leaves beat on the branches.

The sun (still) (as before) (not) mercilessly heated the earth.

The sky (slightly) (slightly) cleared up.

In the clear sky rushed (where) (then) high and rare clouds, (yellow) (white).
Spelling not with adverbs.

Write off, open brackets, punctuation marks.

(not) wide but flat road; (not) freely pay attention to others; the student did not express himself clearly; the girl looked into the distance with (un)blinking eyes; the stream was (not) far but close; the boy writes (not) neatly, (not) sloppily, (not) carelessly; Alena is used to reading (not) loudly but expressively; Semyon muttered something (incomprehensibly) to the woman's remark; the girl was in an (un)enviable position; Maxim at that time was not at all (not) easy.

Lesson - practice. Generalization of the studied material about the adverb

Write, punctuate

Other ... from the house to the snowy expanse on a sled they p ... rolled. (A. Blok)

The spyglass turned out to be better than good binoculars, and Kostyakov, who possessed it, declared that he distinguished two ridges: the front one (lower) and completely ... white, and the back one higher with black ... rocks. (V. Obruchev)

On level ground with ... tanks ran almost (in) gallop ..., and people barely kept up with them. (V. Obruchev)

Behind a high snowdrift ... a star has closed, the moon is shining - the eyes (not) bear it ... (N. Zabolotsky)

The weather remained cloudy, the crest of the ridge was completely ... covered with gray clouds. (V. Obruchev)
Service parts of speech and interjections.

Preposition as an official part of speech

Exercise: write out sentences from the text.

How many words are in Russian? If one of the readers would ask such a question, he would not receive an exact answer either in textbooks or in an encyclopedia. This would be the same as asking astronomers what is the distance, accurate to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers, from Earth to the nearest planet or star.

An astronomer could only give an approximate answer in this sense. He would refer first of all to the imperfection of existing instruments and methods, and also to the fact that the Earth, other planets and stars are in continuous motion and the distance between them is not constant.

(according to V.I. Maksimov)

Preposition as an auxiliary part of speech. Expression by prepositions of various semantic relations

1. 
   Write off, insert prepositions suitable in meaning

1. 
   Make phrases with verbs.

The use of prepositions with one and several cases (polysemy of prepositions)

Remember: in Russian, the preposition po with spatial meaning is used with the dative case (poreki), and with the temporary meaning "after" - with the prepositional case (after school).

1. The hunter looked around (sides). 2. Tourists walked along (forests, steppes and meadows). 3. An old captain sailed across (all oceans). 4. Boats floated along (large rivers). 5. After (recovery) we went for a walk. 6. Upon (arrival) in Kyiv, we went first of all to Khreshchatyk. 7. Landing will be announced upon (arrival of) the aircraft.

Non-derivative and derivative prepositions.

1. Replace derivative prepositions with non-derivative ones.
Due to the rain , during the day , a few years later , due to holidays coming up , wade through the thickets , sit by the fire . 2. Open brackets, insert missing letters

(B) continuing ... for an hour we watched green lights on the water (Novikov-Priboy).

(B) continue ... the conversation, he (never) once (did not) smile.

(In) the continuation of the ... book, we discovered interesting facts.
Writing derivative prepositions together and through a hyphen.

Write off, insert missing letters, open brackets

Absent from class (in) for ... a week; observe changes (in) the course ... of a river; get sick

(c) continuation ... of the book; don't go for a walk

(c) consequences ... of rain; (c) investigations ... testimonies of witnesses are used.
Union as an official part of speech
Unravel the "confusion".
Set up punctuation marks.

• 
  Everyone worked together, I did not lag behind.
• 
  Do the same task.
• 
  I didn't get to the exhibition because I met my friends.
• 
  We went down the same path.
• 
  What would I do without the help of my friends.
• 
  No documents were found for the application.
• 
  Just as in the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows.

conjunctions subordinating and coordinating,

their ranks by value

Write out unions in two columns: 1- coordinating;

2-subordinate:
1) Stocks of firewood are running out, and it’s scary to go out of the village. 2) The hero brought meat from the barn. The meat was cooked while he captured the prey. 3) He wanted to stop, but his legs themselves carried him there. 4) The boy remembered that he was hungry and weak. 5) When the bad weather dragged on, the hunter stayed at home and began to make something. 6) Sparrow put a crumbly rosehip berry and a brush of frozen lingonberries in the hollow. 7) Everyone stood up from their seats as soon as the sounds of music died down. 8) Partridges are fluffed up, they are bored until hunger makes them stir. 9) A woman heard the Khanty. Where a man hosts and sings songs. 10) Words of love, if spoken late, bring only sadness.

Consolidated and separate spelling of unions

Write off, open brackets

1. He studies at a driving school, I want the same (same) there

To study.

2. Everyone is very tired, for (then) they reached the goal.

3. What (to) write correctly, you need to know and

4. The wind died down as (same) suddenly as

Appeared.

5. Character for a person is the (same) that the smell

For a flower.

6. Whatever happens, do not lose courage.

7. He was an artist, with (that) famous.

8. From (that) house it was necessary to turn right.

Particle as a service part of speech

Write off, underline particles
When someone s…sloves us, we must write it in p…sk so that the winds can erase it. But when someone does something worse, we must engrave it in stone so that no wind can erase it. Learn to write grievances on p ... ske and engrave joys on stone.

Particle discharges by value

Write down sentences under dictation, find the particles, indicate their category.
Here is my village, here is my home, here I am in a sledge on a steep mountain ... (I. Nikitin.)

A golden leaf is already covering the damp earth in the forest ...

(A. Maikov.)

Don't leave a friend in need.

Learning without skill is not a benefit, but a disaster.

Ah, if only we knew what awaited us around the corner, we could avoid danger.

Write text. Underline the particles and explain their spelling.

On the road from Chernigov to Ryazan, a detachment of horsemen rode, all in iron chain mail, forged helmets and elbow pads. No jokes, no cheerful exclamations are heard,

No disputes. The closer to Ryazan, the more often devastated villages, burned huts came across ... It can be seen that the Tatar horde managed to take over here!

Anxiety grew. Is the team going to be late? Is help no longer needed?

Prince Mikhail of Chernigov met Yevpaty Kolovrat unkindly; There would be more troops!
Interjection. Its meaning and role in the sentence

Write off, underline interjections, determine the meaning of interjections
“Oh, there is no way we can get out of this forest,” I thought. We went ahead. "Kra-kra-kra" - at first it was heard from all sides. Then everything went silent. Suddenly there was a faint bark of a dog. "Hooray! We are saved, there are people nearby!” Misha shouted delightedly.

Punctuation marks for interjections.

Write down, punctuating, underline interjections

Here came the ay in the distance. All this hee hee ha ha singing cowardly talk is an abomination. He explained his subject slowly, viscous, with an endless um ege. Hey Petrov, start a song! Well, girl, I'll help you out now.

The intercessor before the director for the guilty is almost the only person about whom Bulanin took out a bright memory from the walls of the building.

Peshchersky, in fact, was not even a priest, but only a deacon, but he was still called "father." It was a giant, completely engulfed in a mane of black hair and a thick, huge beard, and capricious fate, as if for fun, gave him instead of a strong bass a thin, nasal and rattling treble. Around his dark eyes - large, beautiful, moist and meaningless - there were always oily brown circles, which gave his face a suspicious shade of either oiliness or depravity. There were many legends about the power of Peschersky in the gymnasium. It was said that very often massive oak chairs could not withstand the weight of his huge body and broke under him. It was also said that in the senior classes, speaking of the various gifts bestowed by heaven on man, he added: "Listen, young men, with diligence to the word of God, and you will be just as generously exacted as I am." And as if at these words, Peshchersky pulled out a copper penny from his pocket and immediately, in front of the astonished audience, rolled it into a tube.

But what the Lord did not really exact was his eloquence. He explained his subject slowly, viscously, boringly, with endless "hm ..." and "heh ...", with repetitions of the same word. Under his monotonous squeaking, his eyes closed involuntarily and his head dropped to his chest by itself, especially if the lesson took place after breakfast. The pupils did not like him, even despite his legendary strength, which in the gymnasium was valued above all the gifts sent down by heaven to man. He felt like a hypocrite. He put good marks, but often complained about the pupils to the inspector. In addition, he "for every little" wrote down the guilty in a class journal, which he performed in calligraphic handwriting, very verbose and ornate. Once he recorded Bulanin for "blasphemy, swine-likeness and obstinacy." Pig-likeness consisted in uncleaned boots, obstinacy - in ignorance of the lesson, and blasphemy - in the fact that someone from the department called Peshchersky "Goat" - who exactly remained unknown.

This time the lesson seemed to Bulanin to be especially long. The newly acquired lantern haunted him.

“But what will happen if my mother doesn’t give me two rubles? Then, probably, you won’t get off with some oils,” Bulanin thought. “Yes, finally, how will I dare to tell her about my purchase? Of course, she will be upset. says that our funds are declining, that the estate brings nothing, that one pension is not enough for such a large family, that every penny must be saved, and so on.

But suddenly, like a spark, an alarming apprehension flashed in Bulanin's head, and even his heart sank with fright ... But what if it was spoiled, passing from hand to hand? Suddenly, the pictures were taken apart or something was bent? Then Cargo will not be accepted back for anything ...

Hastily, with trembling hands, he lifted the lid of his table and, supporting it with his head, began to inspect the lantern.

No, everything is in order ... The tube diverges a little along the junction, but it was so ... everyone heard, you can refer to the whole department ... And the pictures are all intact - twelve pieces ... Here's another light bulb you need to examine.

What are you doing there at your table? Bulanin suddenly heard Peshchersky's thin voice.

He shuddered and quickly lowered the lid. The goat slowly approached him with the most affectionate expression

Municipal Open Conference

scientific association of students

"First Steps in Science"

Section: "Linguistics"

"Interjection. Is it possible to do without them?

Tazova Bella, 6th grade, MKOU "Secondary School named after. H. H. Dolova p. p. Khatuei. Leskensky district

Supervisor:

Kanloeva R.Ch.

S.p. Hatuey 2017

Table of contents

I. Introduction

1. The relevance of the work.

2. Hypothesis.

3. Purpose and tasks.

II. Interjection as a part of speech.

What is an interjection?

Classification and syntactic role of interjections.

Definition of interjection in dictionaries.

Origin of interjections.

5. Interjection in the speech of youth.

III. Conclusion.

IV. Bibliography.

V. Applications.

I . Introduction.

Interjections in modern Russian serve to express various feelings, experiences, sensations. They constitute a special part of speech, which is neither independent nor official. Linguists believe that interjections are emotional signals, "primary human words". Expressing emotions, moods, volitional impulses, interjections do not designate or name them. These words stand, as it were, at the junction of emotional and intellectual language, therefore in linguistics there is still no consensus on the nature of interjections, their origin and role in speech and text. But finding out that interjections are generally needed in our speech or not will help arouse interest in this original and common part of the speech of the Russian language.

Also, we all know that the Russian language is inexhaustibly rich. His expressiveness, flexibility, richness was noted by the great Lomonosov, it was he who found in him "the splendor of Spanish, the liveliness of French, the strength of German, the tenderness of Italian ...". But in order to be able to master this exceptionally expressive, rich language, you need to be able to listen and peer not only into its consonance, melodiousness, but also be attentive to every word of it, to every part of speech. And, getting into the amazing and multi-colored world of words, you are surprised at how important and interesting it is to look into the very "root" of the word, to explore its building materials, to delve into its interpretation. It seems to us that the Russian language will never be fully studied, since it contains secrets that will be discovered and explored by those living after us.

Relevance of the work: interjection, a peculiar and original part of speech, is one of the secrets of the Russian language.

Hypothesis*: I suppose that it is impossible to do without interjections, since they make our speech more figurative and expressive.

Purpose of the study: arouse interest in a very original and common part of the speech of the Russian language, exploring its origin and meaning.

Hypothesis- a scientific assumption put forward to explain some phenomena; in general - an assumption that needs to be confirmed

In accordance with the goal of the work, it is possible to determine the followingtasks:

1. Learn what an interjection is

2. Determine the categories, the origin of interjections.

3. Give an etymological overview of the most famous interjections.

4. Examine students' speech for interjections.

5. Develop research skills in the field of the Russian language.

Research work has a theoretical and practical orientation. In the theoretical aspect, I briefly reviewed the definition of the concept of interjections, the group of interjections by meaning, the origin and role of interjections in speech. In practice, the use of interjections in the speech of young people. The practical value of the work is also associated with the possibility of using materials and results in the lessons of the Russian language and literature, circle classes in the study of the topic "Interjection".

The structure of the work corresponds to the goal and objectives. The work consists of an introduction, which defines the relevance of the problem; the goal and objectives are outlined; theoretical and practical significance is determined. The main part includes four chapters. The conclusion sums up the work done. The list of references and appendices completes the work.

Interjection as a part of speech.

An interjection is an expression of feelings and emotions.Interjection is a special part of speech that is neither independent nor official.

The named part of speech includes unchangeable words expressing emotions or motivation, an invitation to action. Interjections also include formulas I have researched several versions of the definition of this part of speech. Dictionaries define interjection differently.

Definition of interjection in different dictionaries.

. (Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov)

oh!, ah!, hey!

interectjo- "interjection" (inter- between,jtct- meth, throw,io

Interjections differ from service parts of speech in that they do not express relationships between words in a phrase, do not serve to connect words and sentence components, do not perform communicative * tasks inherent in service words ... Interjections do not change, most often they are not members of a sentence. But sometimes an interjection with a specific lexical meaning

Expression -

Communication

becomes a member of the proposal. For example.

ooh, ooh, woo …

Wow

Classification and syntactic role of interjections

About emotional interjections

To date, the interjection is not a fully studied phenomenon in the Russian language. Linguists conditionally divide them according to their meaning into those that belong to the category of emotional, imperative and etiquette.

It is probably easiest for every native speaker of the Russian language to give examples of emotional interjections, since our speech is unthinkable without them:oh, oh, oh-oh-oh, alas, fu, well, well, fathers, thank God etc. Pay attention to the fact that all of them do not name, but only convey any feelings. It can be joy, and fear, and annoyance, and much more. And often the meaning of each of them can be determined only from the context. So, for example, the interjection of surprise - “that's those times” or “that's it” - can also turn out to be an expression of annoyance.

The same can be seen in other examples:

Oh! How beautiful it is! (delight)

Oh! How you scared me! (fear)

Oh! Shut up! (annoyance)

What are the interjections?

Imperative interjections mean those that encourage action, and also express commands and orders:shoo, out, march, well, hey, ay, tsyts, kitty-kitty, sentry etc.

Etiquette includes all interjections that can be attributed to the formula of speech etiquette:hello, excuse me, please, hello, regards, all the best and etc.

By the way, interjection is not But if you have a sentence like “A drawn-out au was carried through the forest”, then in this situation it is used in the sense of a noun and acts as a subject. And in the sentence “Oh, these young ladies!” the interjection acts as a definition (young ladies (what?) oh). Do not confuse this with other situations: "We only heard ahs and oohs from her." The words "ahi" and "ohi" are not interjections, but nouns.

Derivative and non-derivative interjections

The described part of speech is divided according to one more feature - by origin. Linguists distinguish three types of interjections:

Non-derivatives (oh, ah, eh, etc.).

Derivatives - that is, formed from other parts of speech (think (verb), let's see (verb), pipes (noun)) or from syntactic constructions (who would have thought, etc.).

Separately, they give a group in which the interjection is a word borrowed from other languages ​​(guard, wow, bravo, okay, etc.).

Sentences with interjections

In order not to make mistakes in the arrangement remember: if interjections are pronounced without an exclamatory intonation, then they are separated by a comma: “Oh, I’m tired of something!”, “Chu, someone flashed outside the window!”.

With exclamatory intonation, they are separated, respectively, (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence): “Wow! How mature you are!”, “Eh! You shouldn't have come here!"

The same rules apply to sentences with interjections, which were formed from syntactic constructions, for example: “Thank God, everything went off without a hitch” or “Since then, thank God, he feels good.” But note that the expression "hell knows" in some cases is not separated by commas:

If it means "unknown": "I went to hell to find you."

If they talk about something very bad or, on the contrary, good: “The devil knows what they told you about me” or “The devil knows how great it is!”.

A few more words about interjections

Distinguish between interjections and onomatopoeia. The latter does not carry any semantic load and acts only as an image of some kind of sound. The words “kar”, “fuy”, “chirr-chirr” and other “cues” pronounced by animals and birds are not interjections. The same words include the image of the sound from a falling object, a working mechanism or a shot: “clap”, “drrr”, “ba-bang”, “bang”, etc.

Another interesting feature of the part of speech being described is that, even after living in a foreign country for a long time and being fluent in a foreign language, our former countrymen continue to use Russian interjections. Most likely, the reason for this is the direct connection of these words with the expression of emotions - they are pronounced unconsciously.

As you can see, interjections are, although inconspicuous, but very important objects of our speech, making what is said lively and emotional.

1. What is an interjection?

In answering this question, I explored several versions of the definition of this part of speech. Dictionaries define interjection differently.

An interjection is an unchanging word that directly expresses an emotional reaction, feeling, sensation. For example:ay, ah, ba, wow, ooh, uh, fi, eh . (Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov)

Interjection is a part of speech, a category of unchangeable, morphologically inseparable words, usually used to express feelings and volitional impulses. For example:oh!, ah!, hey! . (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary)

Interjections are an unchanging word that expresses a feeling. For example: oh, oh. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by D.N. Ushakov)

In the school textbook of the Russian language (Grade 7, T. A. Ladyzhenskaya) a definition is given that is closer to the definition given in the Explanatory Dictionary of D.N. Ushakov. An interjection is a part of speech that expresses, but does not name, various feelings and impulses.

Interjection. Derivational tracing paper of Latininterectjo- "interjection" (inter- between,jtct- meth, throw,io– i) The original interjection turns into an interjection under the influence of words with a connecting vowel o\e, cf. bloodshed - bloodshed, earthquake - earthquake, etc. Interjections literally - "words thrown between other (full-valued) words." (Etymological dictionary. St. Petersburg. Publishing group "Ves" 2010)

An interjection is an unchangeable and not having special grammatical indicators of speech, which serves to express feelings and volitional impulses. In their external form, interjections are most often short cries or onomatopoeia. Grammar of Russian language. 1960

Valgina N.S., Rosenthal D.E. do not consider onomatopoeic words as interjections, since they "unlike interjections do not express any specific feelings, expressions of will, although they have great stylistic diversity and expression *". Considers these units outside of interjections and Russian Grammar 1980.

Interjections differ from service parts of speech in that they do not express relationships between words in a phrase, do not serve to connect words and sentence components, do not perform communicative * tasks inherent in service words ...

Interjections do not change, most often they are not members of a sentence. But sometimes an interjection with a specific lexical meaning becomes a member of a sentence. For example.The weather is oh-ho-ho. Hurrah rang out in the distance. Here came the ay in the distance. He explained the subject slowly, viscously, boringly with endless um.

______________________________________

Expression - expression of feelings, experiences, expressiveness.

Communication - message, communication. App. communicative.

Some linguists * consider their non-production to be a distinctive feature of interjections. They refer to interjections only such words asooh, ooh, woo ... - which are not derived from some other part of speech and which cannot be divided into morphemes. In principle, in the field of interjections there may be their own word-formation processes, but they have a certain originality. For example, in many languages, including Russian, interjections can be formed by repetition:oh-oh-oh, hoo-hoo, ha-ha-ha, quack-quack, knock-knock, meow-meow …

Finally, many linguists refer to interjections only those words that serve to express the internal state of a person, that is, his sensations, feelings, thoughts, intentions, motives. For example, sayingWow , a person expresses his feeling about an event that in some respect greatly exceeds his expectations.

It is the presence of meaning that distinguishes interjections from another class of words - onomatopoeia. An interjection is a sound that is a sign of some internal state of the person pronouncing it. Meanwhile, the signified of onomatopoeia is simply another sound - produced by an object, a person or an animal.

2. Groups of interjections.

There are several classifications of interjections in Russian.

V.V. Vinogradov distinguishes the following categories of interjections by meaning:

a) interjections that express feelings, emotions (ah!, ah!, ba!, ah!, cheers!, thanks!, eh!, phew!, wow!, ah! and etc.);

b) interjections derived from nouns, having a special intonation and semantic possibilities(Fathers! Nonsense! Guard! );

c) interjections representing an emotional characteristic or assessment of a state (Kayuk! Kaput! and etc .);

d) words that express volitional expressions, motivations (Out! Away! Down with! Full! But! and etc.);

e) interjections with a touch of modality (Yes! Clear! and etc .);

____________________________________________

Linguistics - the science of language, linguistics.

Modality - in linguistics: a grammatical category denoting the attitude of the speaker to the content of the statement and expressing the categories of the mood of the verb, intonation, modal words

f) interjections, which are a kind of expressive sound gestures that are exchanged by acquaintances or counters, according to etiquette (Mercy! Thank you! Thank you! I'm sorry! and etc .);

g) swear interjections;

g) vocative interjections (God! and etc.);

h) discharge of reproducing or onomatopoeic exclamations (Bang! Clap! and etc.);

i) interjectional "verbal forms"(jump, lope, shast ...)

N.M. Shansky and A.N. Tikhonov are based on the traditional distinction between two main categories: emotional (ah!, oh!, oh!, alas!, cheers!, pah!, fathers!, fi!, bravo!. .) and incentive (imperative), highlighting the last three subcategories:

1) interjections with the general meaning of behavior, motivation (well!, tsyts!, stop!...);

2) interjections that serve as a signal for attention, expressing a call to respond(ah!, hey!, hello !...);

3) interjections of calling and driving away animals or calling and calling to leave (move!, march!, get out! and etc) .

School textbooks provide a unified classification of interjections:

1. Emotional interjections express, but do not name feelings, moods (joy, delight, fear, grief, doubt, surprise, etc.):ah, oh-oh-oh, alas, my God, fathers, here are those times, thank God, no matter how, fu, ugh, fu, phi ...

2. Imperative (incentive) interjections express an impulse to action, commands, orders: well, hey, guard, kitty-kitty, out, shoo, march, whoa, come on, shh, ay ...

3. Etiquette interjections are formulas of speech etiquette:hello (those), hello, thank you, please, excuse me, all the best, bye, great ... Some scholars believe that the issue of including etiquette words in interjections remains controversial. The assignment of such words to interjections is not generally accepted.

By the formation of an interjection there arenon-derivative andderivatives .

Non-derivatives interjections consist of one vowel sound( oh!, a!, uh!, uh!, and! ), from a vowel and a consonant (oh!, oh!, oh!, oh! etc.), from a consonant and a vowel (ha!, wow!, wow ! and under.), from two vowels (ay ! ), from two vowels and consonants between them (alas!, aha!, uh-huh ! etc.), from consonants (brrr!, hmm! ), from several sounds (Ugh! ). Possible doubling and tripling of interjections (oh-oh-oh!, ah-ah-ah!, ha-ha! and etc.), use with particles, etc. (Oh, come on! !)

Derivatives interjections:fathers, mothers, dudki , hello, goodbye, excuse me, have mercy, look, say, bitter, full, quiet (quieter), what, like, something and etc.

3. The origin of interjections.

It is difficult to imagine our language without capacious words that express not so much the content side of what was said as the emotional side. And, as you know, they are different in their content. The history of the origin of some of them is also interesting.

So, for example, our cries are criesAh!, Oh!, Woo!, Wow!, Phew! they do not have a special history of origin: they were born "spontaneously - impulsively *", and depend on our emotions and psychological state. There are, as you know, more complex interjections:Wow! Yes! Ay! They appeared, according to many scientists, from simpleO! BUT! Wu!

And then there are interjections - "aliens", which turned into interjections from other parts of speech. The word we usually pick up the phone withHello! appeared, most likely, along with the phone, that is, relatively recently. There are several points of view on the origin of this word. Some scholars believe that it came from the English language and goes back to the English hello "hello". Other scholars believe that telephoneHello came into Russian from French at the end of the 19th century.

But since childhood, cutebye - bye , most likely, this is a form of the verb bayat "to speak, tell tales." Consequently,bye - bye is a relative of the words fable, rhetoric, charming.

Bis and bravo you can often hear in the theater from emotional fans of a particular art form.Bis comes from the Latin "twice". The Italian word bravo originated as an interjection - approval based on the word bravo "brave, brave; well done."

_________________________________________________

Impulsive - 1. Involuntary, caused by an impulse.

2. Impetuous, acting under the influence of random impulses.

Thus, the interjection is a lively and rich part of speech, serving for the emotional expression of feelings and volitional impulses. All interjections convey the most heterogeneous feelings, sometimes directly opposite: joy, jubilation, approval, etc. In our speech, with their help, you can not only briefly, but also very accurately convey the most vivid feelings, emotions, experiences. This, we think, is the peculiarity of these words - interjections. And if they are excluded from our speech, then it will become less emotional, boring, rude.

4. Interjections in the speech of young people.

____________________________________

word creation - creation of new words.

Working on this topic, I conducted a survey of middle school students of our school (grades 7-8 - 57 people). They were asked the following questions:

Well no

Well no

a) from sounds b) other parts of speech? (Appendix No. 1)

As a result of the analysis of the questionnaires, we obtained the following data. Most respondents know what interjections are (93%), few can do without them (21%), and a little less than half of the respondents (48%) often use interjections in their speech.

The questionnaires also showed that respondents* most often use emotional interjections in their speech: ah, oh, cheers, etc. - 71%;Hurrah – 66%; interjectionpancake use 36%; tsyts - 29%;crap - 26%, hell no - 5 %), tree sticks - 7%. And here is the etiquette interjectionThanks remembered and cited as an example only 15% of the students surveyed. See the analysis of the questionnaires in the appendix to the work (Appendix 2).

In Appendix 3, I have given a small list of interjections used in speech by students in grades 7-8.

Thus, in our speech there are interjections, both formed within our language and borrowed from others that clog it. I think that in order to make our speech pure, correct and melodious, it is not necessary to use borrowed interjections.

___________________

Respondent - the person answering the questions of the questionnaire, or giving the interview.

III . Conclusion.

Interjection is a little-studied grammatical class, which, due to its intermediate position in the general system of parts of speech of the modern Russian language and a wide range of its constituent lexical units, has not yet received a complete, comprehensive definition.

I think that it is this part of speech that deserves special interest in the study, since, firstly, it is represented most often in the spoken language. Secondly, interjections, different in their meaning and stylistic properties, are perhaps the most original words; thirdly, their syntactic feature also draws attention, because these are words that very rarely act as ordinary members of a sentence.

In my work, I traced how interjections are formed, where they came from in our language, what these amazing words mean, as they are used in modern speech.

On the one hand, interjection is a lively and rich part of speech, serving for the emotional expression of feelings and volitional impulses. All interjections convey the most heterogeneous feelings, sometimes directly opposite: joy, jubilation, approval, etc. In our speech, with their help, you can not only briefly, but also very accurately convey the most vivid feelings, emotions, experiences. This, I think, is the peculiarity of these words - interjections.But you need to use such interjections that make speech bright, figurative, expressive.So, I think that it is impossible to do without them.

On the other hand, there are interjections in our speech, both formed within our language and borrowed from others that clog it. And they just need to be driven out of our speech. So, you decide which interjections to use in your speech.

IV . Used Books

Germanovich A.I. Interjections of the Russian language. Kyiv, 1988.

Dal. B. Explanatory dictionary. Volume 1

Kartsevsky S.O. Introduction to the study of interjections. - Questions of linguistics, 1984, No. 6;

Kruchinina I.N. Interjection. - Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Education, 1990;

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. Moscow, ONIKS, World and Education 2010

Chesnokova L.D. On the banks of the Linguine. M.: Education, 1996.

Shansky N.M. In the world of words. Moscow: Enlightenment. 1995.

Shvedova N.Yu. Interjection. - Russian language. Encyclopedia. M.: Enlightenment, 1997;

Shansky, Tikhonov, Russian language. M. Education, 1981, p. 258–259.

http://www.ruslit.com

http://www.reuters.com

http://www.m-w.com/info/

V . Attachment 1

1. Questionnaire

Do you know what an interjection is?

Well no

2. Do you think it is possible to do without interjections?

Well no

3. How often do you use interjections?

a) Often b) Rarely c) Difficult to answer

4. Write the interjections you use the most

5. Where do you think interjections come from in our speech?

a) from sounds b) other parts of speech?

VI. Annex 2

Survey results

Appendix 3

Interjections that are often used in the speech of students and clog it.

Kiyatkina M.G., teacher of the Russian language

And literature

Scenario of the lesson of the Russian language.

Lesson topic: Interjection as a part of speech.

Grade: 7.

Lesson Objectives:

1. Contribute to the formation of the idea of ​​interjection as a part of speech.

2. Contribute to teaching schoolchildren the ability to compare and generalize the objects under study, to draw up a thesis plan for an educational article.

3. To promote the formation of skills for working in small groups (pairs).

Used learning technologies:

1. Technology of formation of educational activity.
2. Problem learning technology.

Equipment:

1. Textbook Baranov M.T. Russian language grade 7. M. "Enlightenment". 2007.
2. Cards for students.

Lesson steps:

1. Formulation of educational tasks.
2. The study of a new part of speech - interjection, the rules of its writing, punctuation marks.
3. Consolidation of the studied: drawing up a thesis plan of paragraphs of the textbook.

4. Self-assessment of the assimilation of educational material.

5. Homework.

I stage. Formulation of educational tasks.

Guys, today we will begin the study of a new part of speech - interjection. Remember the plan, the order of studying the parts of speech. What questions do we have to answer when studying interjection? You can discuss all the questions under consideration in pairs.

So, guys, having formulated the questions, we have formulated educational tasks that we will solve during the lesson, studying the interjection. Write down the questions in the first column of the table p.1.

II stage. The study of a new part of speech - interjection, the rules of its writing, punctuation marks.

1. Guys, you are given sentences with interjections. Read them expressively, determine what is the role of interjections in the language, in which speech (oral or written) interjections are most often used, fill in the table, add your examples.

one). Now the whole thing got more complicated. Of course, if someone were to throw, as the Russians say, a lamb in a piece of paper, then ... but - Alas ! - this could not be done: there were no funds for such deeds. (G. Nagaev "New Age")

2). And I'm really angry with Pugach. He, the adversary, led me into great losses, she-bo , right. After all, good gentlemen, I brought goods here, with the Bukharians and with the horde in the exchange yard I got along to arrange a change, bash on bash, as they say. And.. what happened?... Ugh ! There is no end in sight for the seat here. (V. Shishkov).

3). Ah, not from the one at the table

So the harmonica cries plaintively:

Talia-la-la, tili-li-gom

Hanging under a white window sill. (S. Yesenin).

four). Ai , same you, Sadko Novgorod! It is full to play goslings yarovchaty! (Epic "Sadko").

5). And Ivan Vasilyevich said, laughing:

" Well my faithful servant! I am your trouble

I will try to help your grief. (M.Yu. Lermontov).

6). Sailors are standing around - bearded, affectionate men - they listen, laugh, praise her (grandmother) and also ask:

Well Grandma, tell me more!

Then they say:

Ayda dine with us! (M. Gorky).

7). Gregory growled:

Yeah ! That's it! (M. Gorky).

eight). And after a pause, she (grandmother) said quietly:

Ehehe ! You have many rules, but no truth ... (M. Gorky).

9). Oh, scary on the road at night. (A.S. Pushkin).

ten). O if only my voice could disturb hearts! (A.S. Pushkin).

eleven). Hooray ! We are breaking, the Swedes are bending. (A.S. Pushkin).

Conclusion : interjection serves to express various feelings, impulses, imitation of sounds. Most often used in oral speech.

2. Using these sentences, draw a conclusion about the syntactic role of the interjection.

one). Here comes the ah far away. (N.A. Nekrasov).

(acts as a noun-object)

2). The whole capital shuddered, and the girlhee hee hee ha ha ha.

(acts as a verb-predicate)

3). All these hee hee, ha ha , singing, cowardly talk is an abomination. (L.N. Tolstoy).

(acts as a noun-subject)

four). He explained his subject slowly, viscously, with endless hmm, eh.

(acts as a noun-circumstance)

5). Hey , Petrov, start a song!

6). Well , girl, I'll help you out now. (A.I. Kuprin).

(not part of the offer)

7). Ear, she-she-she , well cooked. (I.A. Krylov).

(not a member of the proposal).

Conclusion : an interjection is a member of a sentence only if it acts as an independent part of speech.

3. Using the sentences of paragraphs 1, 2, conclude whether the interjection is an independent or auxiliary part of speech.

Conclusion: the interjection has no grammatical features, it is an invariable part of speech, it is not independent, and the interjection is not a service part of speech, therefore, it is a special part of speech.

4. Compare the sentences, make a conclusion about whether interjections can be formed on the basis of independent parts of speech by moving from one part of speech to another. What are these interjections called?

one). The father's words confused me.

Fathers ! How did you get hurt?!

(the interjection of the father is formed on the basis of a noun)

2). At the sight of the leader of the pirates, horror seized me.

Horror ! Today, it turns out control!

(interjection horror is formed on the basis of a noun)

3). A Nightmare on Elm Street is a horror movie.

How are you behaving?! Nightmare !

(the interjection nightmare is formed on the basis of a noun).

Conclusion : interjections can be formed from independent parts of speech by moving from one part of speech to another, such interjections are called derivatives. Therefore, interjections are transitive and intransitive.

5. Using the sentences considered in the lesson, draw a conclusion about the spelling of interjections and punctuation marks in interjections.

Conclusion:

Interjections formed by repeating the basics are written with a hyphen (hoo, meow-meow-meow, hee-hee-hee);

Interjections in the letter are separated by commas or an exclamation point (Ushitsa, yes, she is cooked to glory.

Hooray! We break, the Swedes bend.).

III stage. Consolidation of the studied: drawing up a thesis plan of paragraphs of the textbook.

1. Give your definition of an interjection, compare it with the definition given in the textbook, identify the general, eliminate inconsistencies.
2. Study §70, §71 of the textbook, make a thesis plan.

Plan:

I. Interjections - words that serve to express feelings, moods, motivations, imitation of sounds.

II. Interjections are derivative and non-derivative.

III. Interjections do not change, they are not members of a sentence, they can be used in the meaning of other parts of speech.

IV. Interjections are used in oral speech.

V. Interjections formed by repeating the basics are written with a hyphen.

VI. Interjections in writing are separated by commas or an exclamation point.

VI stage. Self-assessment of the assimilation of educational material (reflection).

Guys, we studied the interjection by answering the questions posed.

Understood, learned;

Understood not fully;

Not understood.

What issues remained the least disclosed, assimilated and require further refinement?

V stage. Homework:

1. Study §. 70, §71.

2. At the choice of the student:

Do exercise 419.

Write out 5-7 sentences with interjections from works of art.

Write a story using interjections.