What is meant by the term complementarity. Explanatory Translation Dictionary What is complementarity, what does it mean and how to spell it correctly

COMPLEMENTARITY in chemistry, the spatial correspondence of the structures of two molecules (different or identical), thanks to Krom, the formation of hydrogen bonds between them and the implementation of intermoles is possible. interactions. In a broad sense, also the mutual correspondence of opposite electrostatic. charges on molecules and energies of conjugate p-tions. In the latter case, parallel flowing districts are considered, connected with each other so that the stage, accompanied by the release of energy, is associated with the stage, for the implementation of which the consumption of energy is necessary. max. common, especially in biochemistry and bioorg. chemistry, the concept of structural K. Thanks to this type of K., a cut is carried out according to the "key - lock" principle, antigen-antibody complexes, enzyme-substrate, quaternary structure of proteins, secondary and tertiary structure are formed nucleic acids. In the latter case, K. manifests itself especially clearly. K. adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine (in the narrow sense, the term "K." is sometimes used specifically for this case) was discovered by J. Watson and F. Crick in 1953 and formed the basis of their model of the DNA double helix. This type of K. is realized due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between proton-donor and proton-acceptor groups in nitrogenous bases (see Fig.). At

Hydrogen bonds (indicated by dots) between complementary bases included in DNA and RNA; R is a phosphorylated pentose residue. this form specific. pairs of complementary bases that are almost the same size. Therefore, the double helix has a very uniform regular structure, little dependent on the specific base sequence - very important for ensuring the universality of the mechanisms of replication (self-reproduction of DNA or RNA), transcription (synthesis of RNA on a DNA template) and translation (synthesis of proteins on RNA- matrix). In each of these so-called. matrix processes K. plays a decisive role. For example, when broadcasting importance has K. between the three bases of messenger RNA (the so-called codon, see below). Genetic code ) and a trinity of bases of transfer RNA (delivered during translation of the amino acid). To. defines also secondary structure nucleinic to - t. Due to K. bases, single-stranded RNA, winding on themselves, form relatively short double-stranded regions (“hairpins” and “loops”) connected by single-stranded sections. To. in separate pairs of bases of DNA can be broken due to the appearance of deviations in their structure, to-rye can occur spontaneously or as a result of the action of decomp. factors (chemical and physical). As a consequence of these changes, m. mutations. K. underlies many others. phenomena biol. specificity associated with "recognition" on the pier. level, - enzymatic catalysis, self-assembly biol. structures, high fidelity genetic transfer. information, etc. Lit.: D. Metzler, Biochemistry, trans. from English, vol. 2, M.. 1980, p. 42 45; Stent G., Kalindar R., Molecular genetics, trans. from English. M., 1981, p. 172 74. V. I. Ivanov.

Chemical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. Ed. I. L. Knunyants. 1988 .

Synonyms:

COMPLEMENT
COMPOSITES

See what "COMPLEMENTARY" is in other dictionaries:

complementarity- correspondence, complementarity, mutual correspondence Dictionary of Russian synonyms. noun complementarity, number of synonyms: 3 complementarity (2) … Synonym dictionary

COMPLEMENTARY- in biochemistry, mutual correspondence in chemical structure two macromolecules, ensuring their interaction is the pairing of two strands of DNA, the connection of an enzyme with a substrate, an antigen with an antibody. Complementary structures fit together like a key... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

COMPLEMENTARY- spatial complementarity (mutual correspondence) of the surfaces of interacting molecules or their parts, leading, as a rule, to the formation of secondary (van der Waals, hydrogen, ionic) bonds between them. Uniqueness and... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

complementarity- a phenomenon, with rum in 2 molecules there are additional (mirror) sections in structure and charges. As a result of K. 2, molecules can approach each other at such a distance, at krom as a result of the action of electrostatic and van der ... ... Dictionary of microbiology

complementarity- - the phenomenon of highly selective binding of biomolecules and biostructures due to specific and universal interactions, as well as high stereochemical affinity ... Concise Dictionary biochemical terms

complementarity- * complementarity * complementarity property of nucleotides to form paired complexes during the interaction of nucleic acid chains; in accordance with the rules of complementarity of bases, during the formation of such complexes, a double ... ... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

complementarity- The request "complimentarity" is redirected here. This topic needs a separate article. Complementarity: Complementarity in chemistry, molecular biology and genetics, mutual correspondence of biopolymer molecules or their fragments, ... ... Wikipedia

complementarity- (biochemical), mutual correspondence in the chemical structure of two macromolecules, ensuring their interaction, the pairing of two strands of DNA, the connection of an enzyme with a substrate, an antigen with an antibody. Complementary structures fit together like... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

complementarity- (from lat. complementum addition) spatial complementarity of molecules or their parts, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Complementarity plays a special role in DNA nucleic acid molecules, where two polynucleotide chains in ... ... Beginnings of modern natural science

complementarity- (from lat. completus full) correspondence, compiling with something else some new object that has new properties (for example, for some circuits, two transistors are needed with a complementary pair in a certain way matched parameters): ... ... Lem's world - dictionary and guide

complementarity- (complementarity, complementarity) an immanent concept that makes sense within the boundaries of a single socio-cultural space (civilization). “Opposites do not exclude, but complement each other” (Niels Bohr). Complementarity is special case … Geoeconomic dictionary-reference book

Books

The Genesis of Meaning in the Philosophy of Hinduism, David Benyaminovich Zilberman. The main direction of research in this work is the development of a new method of philosophizing, which the author calls modal methodologization, analysis of the problem of cultural…

complementarity

Dictionary of medical terms

New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

complementarity

and. Mutual correspondence, the connection of structures complementing each other, determined by their chemical properties(in molecular biology).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

complementarity

in biochemistry - mutual correspondence in the chemical structure of two macromolecules, ensuring their interaction - the pairing of two strands of DNA, the connection of an enzyme with a substrate, an antigen with an antibody. Complementary structures fit together like a key to a lock.

complementarity

in molecular biology, mutual correspondence, which ensures the connection of complementary structures (macromolecules, molecules, radicals) and is determined by their chemical properties. K. is possible “if the surfaces of molecules have complementary structures, so that the protruding group (or positive charge) on one surface corresponds to a cavity (or negative charge) another. In other words, interacting molecules should fit together like a key to a lock” (J. Watson). K. chains of nucleic acids is based on the interaction of their constituent nitrogenous bases. So, only when adenine (A) is located in one chain against thymine (T) (or uracil ≈ U) in another, and guanine (G) ≈ against cytosine (C), hydrogen bonds arise between the bases in these chains. K. is apparently the only and universal chemical mechanism of matrix storage and transmission of genetic information. (See also Proteins, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Replication, Transcription.) Another example of K. is the interaction of an enzyme with an appropriate substrate. In immunology speak about To. antigen and antibodies corresponding to it. In biological literature, the term "K." sometimes used in a sense close to the concept of complementation.

Lit .: Watson J., Molecular biology of the gene, trans. from English, M., 1967.

V. N. Soifer.

Wikipedia

Complementarity (biology)

Complementarity(in chemistry, molecular biology and genetics) - mutual correspondence of biopolymer molecules or their fragments, which ensures the formation of bonds between spatially complementary fragments of molecules or their structural fragments due to supramolecular interactions.

The interaction of complementary fragments or biopolymers is not accompanied by the formation of a covalent chemical bond between complementary fragments, however, due to the spatial mutual correspondence of complementary fragments, it leads to the formation of many relatively weak bonds with a sufficiently large total energy, which leads to the formation of stable molecular complexes.

At the same time, it should be noted that the mechanism of the catalytic activity of enzymes is determined by the complementarity of the enzyme and the transition state or intermediate product of the catalyzed reaction - and in this case, reversible formation of a chemical bond can occur.

complementarity

Complementarity :

complementarity in chemistry, molecular biology and genetics - the mutual correspondence of biopolymer molecules or their fragments, which ensures the formation of bonds between spatially complementary fragments of molecules or their structural fragments due to supramolecular interactions.
In philosophy complementary name dissimilar or even opposite theories, concepts, models and points of view, reflecting different views on reality.
complementarity in genetics, a form of interaction of non-allelic genes, in which the simultaneous action of several dominant genes gives a new trait.
Complementary Goods- these are several goods that complement each other and are consumed simultaneously. Examples of such goods are: automobile and gasoline; computer , monitor , keyboard and mouse ; pillow and blanket .
complementarity in electronics - exact matching of parameters between complementary series of electronic devices various types conductivity (eg PNP to NPN). Example: complementary pair of transistors; complementary MOS logic.

Complementarity (philosophy)

In philosophy complementary are called different or even opposite theories, concepts, models and points of view, reflecting different views on reality, and which together create a more complete picture than each separately. For example, mechanistic and holistic ideas, art and science can be considered complementary.

Complementarity (genetics)

complementarity- the process of interaction of two or more complementary non-allelic genes, in which the appearance of a trait in an organism is determined by the obligatory presence of these genes in a certain state. The term "complementarity" comes from - addition, additional action.

For example, the development of normal hearing is determined by two genes: A (responsible for the normal development of the cochlea) and B, a person will be born deaf: AaBv, AABv and AaBB - normal hearing, aaBv, aaBB, Aavv, AAvv - pathology.

Examples of the use of the word complementarity in the literature.

Thanks to the principle complementarity, underlying the construction of the DNA double helix, the DNA molecule is capable of doubling.

Explanatory Translation Dictionary

complementarity

the interdependence of two functives at the paradigmatic level.

Dictionary of Efremova

complementarity

and.
Mutual correspondence, the connection of structures complementing each other, determined by their
chemical properties (in molecular biology).

encyclopedic Dictionary

complementarity

Beginnings of Modern Natural Science. Thesaurus

complementarity

(from lat. complementum - addition) - spatial complementarity of molecules or their parts, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Complementarity plays a special role in nucleic acid molecules - DNA, where two polynucleotide chains as a result complementary interaction pairs of purine and pyrimidine bases (A - T, G - C) form a double-stranded molecule. Complementary structures fit together like a key to a lock. Complementary - Complementary.

Lem's world - dictionary and guide

complementarity

(from lat. completus - complete) correspondence, composing with something else of some new object that has new properties (for example, for some circuits, two transistors are needed with parameters coordinated in a certain way - "complementary pair"):

* "Then Einstein tried to save determinism and defend it, but did not win - an absolutely non-obvious, born in the Copenhagen school COMPLEMENTARY appeared, and then the "elementary" particles gradually ceased to be elementary, and now the concept that different particles can be infinitely many, depending on the energy conditions of the environment, is no longer heresy. "- The Secret of the Chinese Room. Model of Evolution *

Many people have heard such a thing as complementarity. This is usually something vague and not entirely clear, especially for those who have long graduated from school and whose work is not related to biology or chemistry. In fact, the essence of the concept of complementarity is quite simple, and it is useful for every educated person to know what it is.

General information

The term has different meanings in different areas of biology. In genetics, complementarity is the property of several non-allelic, often dominant genes, to complement each other to manifest a certain new trait. An example of complementarity in genetics is the interaction of two dominant genes responsible for normal hearing (let's call them genes A and B). Only in the presence of both of these genes does a person have normal hearing. If in the genotype of any of them is homozygous for the recessive, the person will be completely deaf.

But another definition of the concept is better known from the school bench. Many people remember that complementarity is something related to the structure of DNA. To give a complete definition, it is worthwhile to better study the structure of macromolecules, for which this term was introduced.

Complementarity in macromolecules

As you know, in the nucleus of any cell of a living organism there is a compacted (tightly folded) DNA molecule, which stores all the genetic information about further development organism. The DNA molecule forms chromosomes, of which a person normally has 46. DNA is a complex polymer molecule consisting of monomers - nucleotides. Each nucleotide is represented by a phosphoric acid residue, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and one of the four nitrogenous bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C).

As you know, the DNA molecule is double-stranded. Bonds between chains can only form between complementary nitrogenous bases. The complementarity rule for nitrogenous bases is as follows:

A-T (adenine is complementary to thymine).

G-C (guanine is complementary to cytosine).

Based on these rules, we can conclude that complementarity is the principle of correspondence of one nitrogenous base in the structure of DNA or RNA to another, with which these bases form a hydrogen bond.

The first step towards identifying the complementarity of nitrogenous bases was taken long before Watson and Crick, who obtained Nobel Prize for deciphering the structure of DNA, American biologist Edwin Chargaff. As a result of his research, he found that the amount of adenine in the DNA chain coincides with the amount of thymine, and guanine with the amount of cytosine. He also established that the total amount of pyramidins (T+C) is equal to the amount of purines (A+G). The very rule of complementarity was discovered by Watson and Crick when deciphering the structure of DNA.

The principle of complementarity also exists for the RNA molecule. This macromolecule is usually single-stranded, but there are exceptions depending on the type of RNA and its functions.

RNA molecules contain adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. The principle of complementarity for double-stranded RNA looks like this:

As in the case of DNA, only if complementary nitrogenous bases are opposite each other, a double strand is formed.

The nature of complementarity

Nitrogenous bases are usually divided into purines and pyrimidines. Purines, as already mentioned, include adenine and guanine, pyrimidines - cytosine, uracil and thymine. The last three are pyrimidine derivatives, adenine and guanine are purine derivatives, respectively. Purines form hydrogen bonds only with pyrimidines. The resulting bonds are not rigid, they are easily destroyed and restored. The energy required to break depends on the number of hydrogen bonds: adenine with thymine form two, cytosine with guanine - three, therefore, more energy is required to break them.

Meaning

Complementarity is a property that plays an important role in DNA replication and RNA synthesis. It is thanks to her that the usual transmission mechanism exists hereditary information. The principle of complementarity plays a key role in the synthesis of RNA and DNA template.

Complementarity in other areas of biology

In enzymatic catalysis, the term complementarity is also used. This concept in enzymology is used to describe the specificity of an enzyme with respect to a certain starting substance (substrate). Enzymes, due to their specificity, can only bind to certain substrates and act only on certain chemical bonds in their molecules. How fewer substances can catalyze an enzyme, the greater its specificity. In enzymatic catalysis, complementarity is the formation of a specific bond between the active site of an enzyme and a substrate molecule. That is, in the transformation chemical substances Complementarity plays an important role in living organisms.

Outcome

Based on the examples described, we can conclude that complementarity is the mutual complementarity of certain substances of an organic nature, as a result of which a chemical bond is formed (in the structure of DNA and RNA), a reaction is catalyzed (in enzymatic catalysis), or a combination of non-allelic genes, as a result of which new trait (in genetics). Most often, the term is used in relation to the structure of DNA and RNA and means the formation of hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.