Plush web spider. Cobweb orange-red

Orange-red cobweb (lat. Cortinarius orellanus) is a species of mushroom that is part of the genus Cortinarius of the Cortinariaceae family. Deadly poisonous, contains slow-acting toxins that cause kidney failure.

Other names:

Mountain gossamer
Plush web spider

Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Fruits in September - October.

The cap is 3-10 cm in ∅, first convex, then flat, orange-red or orange-brown, the skin is covered with small, dark, fibrous scales.

The pulp is yellowish or brownish, with a rare odor and tasteless.

The plates are sparse, adherent to the stem, wide, thick, bright orange-brown. Spore powder is yellow-brown. The spores are ellipsoidal and warty.

The leg is up to 9 cm long, 1-2 cm ∅, dense, cylindrical, slightly narrowed towards the base, yellowish, without bands. The webs (cortina) of young mushrooms are golden yellow, then darken.

The mushroom is deadly poisonous. Contains a toxic substance orellanin, which causes pathological changes in the kidneys. Signs of poisoning appear 3-14 days after eating the mushroom. The mushroom retains its toxic properties after boiling in water or drying.

Have you heard of such a mushroom as cobweb? And it turns out that it is deadly poisonous! Detailed information you will find in the article.

The most beautiful cobweb - a deadly poisonous mushroom

A photo of the mushroom in question is presented to your attention in the article. The most beautiful cobweb (reddish) - is of the genus Cobweb, family Cobweb family. People also call it the marsh plant. They should not be eaten either raw or cooked, because the toxins they contain can cause kidney failure. This genus consists of at least 40 species. Some are considered poisonous, some are edible, and some are considered edible. By external signs These mushrooms are quite similar, which is why they are often confused. This suggests that it is better not to collect them without proper knowledge about cobwebs and mushrooms in general. And in order to decide to eat such a mushroom, you need to be 100% sure what type of spider web you found.

Until the 1950s, it was believed that these mushrooms could be eaten. And only as a result of a large number of incidents of poisoning with orange-red cobwebs, and later with beautiful cobwebs, registered in 1957, it was decided to classify these mushrooms as deadly poisonous. These two species are the most toxic.

Appearance

The width of the cap ranges from 4 to 9 cm, starting from a conical shape, flowing into a flat, prostrate shape, with a tubercle in the center. The outer layer is dry, matte with a velvety and fibrous structure. Color - reddish-orange or reddish-brown, central part darker. Does not increase in size upon contact with water.

The plates are planted infrequently, they are wide and thick. At first the color matches the cap, then changes to reddish-brown. Young mushrooms have a cobweb-like cover of yellow-ocher color.

The leg is cylindrical, increasing or tapering at the base, while its length is 60-100 mm and thickness 4-10 mm. On the fibrous coating you can find curved bands of a barely yellow tint.

The pulp is light orange or yellow-brown in color with a bad odor.

The spore trail is reddish-brown in color. Their dimensions are 8-8.5 microns, their shape is wide elliptical or almost spherical, with a warty outer layer. Cheilocystids are practically never found.

Where does it grow

The most beautiful spider web - deadly poisonous mushroom, which is found in numerous regions in Europe. In our areas they grow in the central regions, as well as in the northern part. You can see such mushrooms in mountainous areas, on the slopes of hills. They are quite rare.

How it grows

This mushroom grows most often in oak and old coniferous forests, where light sandy soil is common. Raw spruce forests with green sphagnum mosses are also favorable for growth.

Poisonous spores can be dispersed to other areas using air flow and as a result of tactile contact. Mycorrhiza forms with spruce.

Fruits from July until the first frost occurs. Near clusters of the most beautiful spiderwort you can find others of this genus.

The most beautiful cobweb - a deadly poisonous mushroom: types

In our territories you can find up to 40 species of mushrooms of this genus, and only 2 of them are edible. Some of them are so dangerous that they are equated to The vast majority of mushrooms are simply inedible.

Only specialists can find the difference among all these types, which means that it is better to avoid them.

Similar species

Mountain cobweb is another poisonous mushroom, the consumption of which can be fatal. The width of its cap is 30-80 mm, at first it is convex, and when the mushroom ages, its shape becomes flat, with a flat tubercle located in the central part. The outer layer is dry. The color varies from yellow-brown to reddish-brown. The height of the leg is 40-90 mm, and its width is 10-20 mm. It's narrower at the bottom. The surface of the cap and stem is fibrous.

Edible cobweb is a type of mushroom that can be eaten. His middle name is fatty. Its 50-80 mm cap has a dense, fleshy structure with edges turned toward the ground. With the flow life cycle, it takes on a flat, slightly depressed shape. Its color is grayish-white and its surface is moist. The leg has a height of 20-30 mm and a width of 15-20 mm, it is dense, without bends.

Slime cobweb is a conditionally edible mushroom. It should not be confused with the mucous cobweb. The hat has a diameter of 100-120 mm. At first it has a bell-shaped shape, which over time becomes flat with a curved edge. The color of the cap varies between yellowish, brown and brown. The entire mushroom is covered with mucus. The leg reaches 200 mm in length, it resembles a spindle. Its color is white, with a bluish tint. On the stem you can find particles in the form of lumps and rings.

There is another one similar deadly poisonous species- brilliant spider web. It is quite rare. It is very easy to recognize by its bright yellow cap covered with mucus. Found in coniferous forests.

The most beautiful cobweb (deadly poisonous mushroom, similar species which were presented to your attention above) can also be confused with some edible mushrooms. These are purple hygrophorus, camphor milkweed and a species of honey fungus - armillaria glubnieva. The main difference between the poisonous mushroom and the honey fungus is the presence of ocher belts and red plates on its stem - in the honey mushroom they are white or light yellow.

Classification

What else is known about such a mushroom as the beautiful cobweb? Deadly poisonous which includes the following basic data:

Overkingdom - Eukaryotes.
Kingdom - Mushrooms.
Sub-kingdom - Higher mushrooms.
Department - Basidiomycetes.
Subsection - Agaricomycotina.
Class - Agaricomycetes.
Subclass - Agariaceae.
Family - Cobwebs.
Rod - Cobweb.
Subgenus - Leprocybe.
View - The most beautiful spider web.
World scientific name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.

Toxic substances

The most beautiful cobweb is a rare, deadly poisonous mushroom that contains a very strong toxin, a complex polypeptide - orellan. It does not lose its toxic properties after processing high temperatures, placing him in another acidic environment and drying. Toxicity is greatly reduced only under the influence of ultraviolet and solar radiation. This mushroom contains 7.5 mg of orellanine for every 1 g of dried mushrooms.

Experts believe that in addition to orellanine, mushrooms contain two additional polypeptides - cortinarine A and B, which determine the totality of manifestations in the form of patient complaints. The combined presence of these 3 components was revealed only in 2 species of mushrooms of this family: the beautiful cobweb (reddish) and the orange-red.

Main symptoms and how quickly they appear

Thanks to a large number Research has determined that the main organ that is affected by orellanin is the kidneys. Due to its combined effects with metabolites, free radicals arise in the epithelial cells of the kidneys, destruction of cell membranes occurs, suppression of alkaline phosphatase and protein production, as well as damage to the structure of RNA and DNA.

Even a small amount of the product can cause harm to the body. 40 g of freshly picked mushrooms consumed as food can lead to death. That is why, to save your life, it is recommended not to pay attention to the brown-red cobwebs, and not to collect suspicious mushrooms at all.

The clinical picture of orellan syndrome largely depends on personal susceptibility to the toxin. In case of spider web poisoning, there are four stages of the disease.

The particular danger of orellanine poisoning is that symptoms resulting from its entry into the body can appear only after a long time, when it is already too late, and everyone will happily forget about eating mushrooms. There are cases when symptoms appear after 7-14 days. During poisoning, the patient may experience nausea, a huge need to drink, a feeling of dryness and burning in the oral cavity, vomiting and pain in the abdominal area may occur. This condition can last from 1 to 2 weeks. If you do not seek help in a timely manner, death is possible. IN special cases When the patient’s condition is very serious, death can occur even 5 months after consuming the poisonous mushroom.

In the case of a short lethal stage, within 2-3 days, an acute renal failure with a long oligoanuric stage. Children and the elderly suffer the most from the disease.

If nephropathy persists for quite a long time, then in 30-50% of cases it will be followed by the formation chronic form renal failure.

We offer a description and photo of the spider web various types and varieties - this information will help diversify quiet forest hunting and make it more productive.

Look at the poisonous and edible spider web mushroom in the photo and try to find it in the forest during your next outing:

Spider web mushroom in the photo

The mushroom is edible. Description of the spider web mushroom: white-violet: caps 3-10 cm, initially spherical, pale purple, then silvery or lavender, hemispherical with a tubercle, and finally open. The plates remain for a long time under a powerful cobwebby blanket connecting the edge of the cap to the stem. The plates are sparse, adherent to the teeth, initially gray-blue, rusty-ochre after the veil opens. The leg is 5-12 cm long, 1-2 cm long, white-violet or covered with white-violet cotton wool, widened at the bottom. The pulp is pale purple and has no unpleasant odor.

Spider web mushrooms are presented in photos and descriptions in various options, this will allow you to recognize them in the forest:

It grows very abundantly in lingonberries and blueberries, among mosses in meadows and on the edge of pine forests. Sometimes it appears in dry deciduous forest belts, where it is thicker and has a smoother surface.

Its counterpart, the inedible goat's web spider (Cortinarius traganus), differs from it in the presence of the smell of acetylene.

The white-purple cobweb is edible after preliminary boiling.

Let's consider others edible mushrooms cobwebs that grow in forests middle zone Russia. All edible spider web mushrooms with photos and descriptions must be distinguished from poisonous specimens, since they pose a mortal danger.

Bracelet web plant
The web spider is excellent

Bracelet web spider (Cortinarius armillatus)

Bracelet web grows in deciduous and coniferous forests

Cobweb bracelet in the photo

The mushroom is edible. The cap is up to 5-12 cm, at first red-brick hemispherical, covered with cobwebs, then rusty-brown, open in the form of a lampshade, and finally open, fibrous with a thin edge. The leg is cylindrical or club-shaped, light brown, 6-4 cm long, 1-2 cm thick, decorated with brick-red bracelets. The pulp is ocher and has no unpleasant odor. The spore powder is rusty brown.

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under the birch and in the pine forests among the mosses.
Fruits from August to October.

It differs from inedible spider webs by the presence of orange stripes on the stem and the absence of an unpleasant odor.

The mushroom is edible, but tasteless. Suitable as a filler for dishes and preparations made from other mushrooms.

Excellent webweed (Cortinarius praestans)

The mushroom is edible. The caps are up to 3-12 cm, at first spherical, closed with a cobweb, then hemispherical, finally open, in wet weather they are very slimy and sticky, when dry they are smooth, brown or the color of “burnt sugar”. The plates are thick whitish with a purple tint or yellowish. Leg 5-15 cm, whitish, widened below. The pulp is white, dense with a pleasant smell.

Grows mainly in deciduous forests, but is also found in conifers. Prefers calcareous soil.

Fruits from July to October.

It differs from inedible and poisonous spider webs by the absence of an unpleasant odor.

If you are not sure that you know this mushroom, it is better not to collect it.

In some countries, the excellent cobweb mushroom is valued on a par with porcini mushrooms.

Above we looked at what spider webs look like that are suitable for consumption, and now it’s their turn inedible species. It is worth knowing that the poisonous cobweb mushroom is very dangerous, as it can be fatal.

Look at what the poisonous cobweb looks like in the photo, remember it and under no circumstances pick it up in the forest:

Lazy web spider
Lazy web spider

Goat's web
Common spiderwort

Lazy web spider (Cortinarius bolaris)

Lazy web spider in the photo

The mushroom is inedible. Caps up to 3-8 cm, initially hemispherical, then convex and finally open, clay-yellow, densely covered with large red or red-orange scales. In young mushrooms, the scales are glued to the surface of the cap; the yellow color of the surface is visible only as small spaces between the red scales. In mature mushrooms, the scales spread over the surface of the cap and lag behind it at the edge. The plates are clay-yellow, then brown, turning red when damaged. The stalk is 5-7 cm long, 5-15 mm thick, cylindrical, reddish-fibrous, often scaly, like a cap. The pulp is whitish with a brownish tint. Spore powder is yellow-green.

Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic soil.

Fruits from August to September.

It has no poisonous counterparts.

Goat's web spider (Cortinarius traganus)

The mushroom is inedible. Massive caps 3-12 cm, at first, spherical and lilac, then hemispherical and, finally, open ocher, with a fringed edge. The plates are ocher-yellow with a violet tint, later brownish-ocher. The leg is lilac or yellow, with scales, 5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, with a widening at the bottom. The flesh of young mushrooms is white-blue, then ocher with an unpleasant “goat” smell of acetylene.

It grows very abundantly in deciduous and coniferous forests, in shelterbelts, often in large groups.
Fruits from August to October.

The goat's web has no poisonous counterparts.

Goat's web is inedible due to the unpleasant odor of acetylene.

Common spiderwort (Cortinarius triviah)

The edibility of the mushroom is questionable. Caps up to 5-8 cm, initially hemispherical, then convex or open, mucous yellow-rusty-brown, straw-yellow when dry. The plates are white-gray with a purple tint, later rusty-brown. The leg is yellow or with a bluish tint, 8-12 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, covered with mucus in the upper part, with dark zones in the lower part. The pulp is light whitish-ochre; in old mushrooms with weak unpleasant smell.

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under poplars, birches, oaks and pines.
Fruits in large quantities from July to September.

Looks like an inedible mucous webweed (Cortinarius mucosus) with a white stalk.

The common cobweb is not designated as a poisonous mushroom, but its edibility is in doubt.

Cobweb orange-red also called plush web spider or mountain spider web. You can meet it from the last ten days of August to the last ten days of October in broad-leaved (where oak-birch is present) and coniferous forests. Prefers to grow singly or in groups on sandy soil. More common in southern regions Russia.

The cap, 4 to 8 cm in diameter, is first hemispherical in shape, then convex-spread or flat with a drooping edge. The surface is dry, matte, felt, finely scaly, orange-red-brown in color with a darker center. There is a small tubercle in the central part of the cap.

The plates are sparsely spaced, wide, thick, adherent, and have a color similar to the color of the cap. On very young specimens there is a cobwebby cover of yellowish-ocher color, which disappears very early.

The stem is cylindrical in shape, sometimes slightly narrowed towards the base, has a length of 5-10 cm and a diameter of up to 2 cm. The structure is longitudinally fibrous (covered with dark fibers obtained from a torn bedspread), without belts, and has a light yellow color on the main part. The stem is lemon-yellow at the top and rusty-brown at the base.

The pulp is yellowish-brown, tasteless, with a faint unpleasant odor, vaguely reminiscent of radish.

The orange-red cobweb is recognized as a deadly poisonous mushroom. Its main insidiousness is that the main symptoms of poisoning appear 5-14 days after consumption. Poisonous toxins (orellanins) are completely preserved by cooking, frying or drying. The first symptoms of poisoning are unbearable thirst, then appear sharp pains in the abdomen, later pathological changes occur in the functioning of the kidneys. If the poisoned person is lucky and survives, then further treatment can last up to a year or more.

Mountain webwort can be confused with similar species cobwebs of brown-red color: beautiful poisonous cobweb, brown cobweb, dark brown cobweb, edible bracelet. Since even edible species do not have a good taste, it is better to avoid eating any more or less suspicious specimens.

Photos of orange-red web spider (Cortinarius orellanus)

To better recognize this poisonous mushroom, it doesn’t hurt to watch the video of the Italian Mycological Association about the orange-red cobweb