What are fairy tales? What is a household story? Household folk tales.

There are two types of fairy tales: author's and folk. The name itself speaks for itself. Author's fairy tales include works written by one specific person. As a rule, he is the creator and parent whose name is advertised in the book.

Folk tales are passed down from generation to generation, by word of mouth. There is no one specific writer, everyone adds his own. As a result, with each retelling, new actions appear, and then the fairy tale sounds already in a new way.
From century to century, from generation to generation, stories are passed on, where the ancestors teach and pass on their wisdom, their instructions and vast experience.

A common feature of the two species is the deepest meaning enclosed between the lines. For a child, a fairy tale is a fun and interesting story, for an adult text that carries moral and ethical implications.

Types of fairy tales by content

• magical
• about animals
• household

Fairy tales

Magic is inherent in almost every fairy tale. It is it that conquers evil, helps the heroes to cope with difficulties. Thanks to such stories, many children from an early age believe in miracles and magic. The author plunges into a fantasy world, where with the help of magical objects or actions, any desire becomes a reality. The purpose of such narratives is to convey to the reader that faith in miracles must always be. Miracles can strike at the most unexpected moment. It is them that the main character lacks in order to achieve the goal.

Most read fairy tales:

• Princess Frog
• Koschei the Deathless
• Morozko
• Emelya

Animal Tales

In this form, the role of a person is replaced by animals, and not only domestic ones, but also forest and wild ones. Fish, birds, insects, all living creatures are involved, each has a special role. Even natural phenomena get, if not the main thing, then a secondary significance. Both animals have their own character and principle of behavior. We were told that the hare is a coward - he is afraid of everything and everyone. The fox is cunning and greedy. Bear - everyone is afraid, but by design, he is one of the intelligent animals. The wolf at first glance is toothy and predatory. In fairy tales, it is often found where he turns out to be a coward and a compassionate animal. In all actions, these heroes perform similar roles. It is stories about animals that inspire readers with how they should be presented.

Some of the most popular animal stories include:

• Teremok
• Kolobok
• turnip

In turn, the stories about our smaller brothers are divided into two subgroups: in some, animals play a secondary role - By command of the pike. In others, their importance is equal to the human one - Dobrynya Nikitich and Serpent Gorynych.

Household fairy tales

Works of this nature show that you should not expect miracles, you need to do everything yourself. Only a hardworking, fair and prudent person can achieve everything in life. They show the inherent life of each person. Emphasize negative traits, ridicule and serve a necessary lesson. In these works, the main thing is not a mighty force, but intelligence and morality. In these tales, stingy and greedy people will always be taught a lesson by the wise and noble.

They belong to:

• Ax porridge
• The tale of the priest and his worker Balda
• Magic pipe

Whatever fairy tales are, children of all ages love them very much. After all, they are the lesson in Everyday life. They learn from the mistakes of the characters and imitate the main characters. Fairy tales are especially important for young children. She subconsciously gives lessons in different situations. Shows that the protection own opinion important. Also in relation to different nationalities and races should not be an obstacle in communication. Proper Handling to adults and the elderly. No wonder they say that they learn from fairy tales.

Someone identifies 4 types of fairy tales, someone 3 types. 5th grade, 2nd grade.

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  Chinese civilization has made many discoveries that have made life easier for the whole world. They helped to ease it, while giving new knowledge, made life richer and simpler.

The story is amazing! A wonderful world familiar from childhood, where good always triumphs over evil. Talking animals and dragons, brave heroes and beautiful princesses live on the pages of fairy tale books, good fairies and evil wizards. Fairy tales call not only to believe in miracles, but also teach kindness, responsiveness, not to succumb to difficulties, listen to parents and not judge others by appearance.

What are fairy tales

A fairy tale is a narrative with fictitious characters and a plot that has an everyday, heroic or magical character. They are folklore (compiled by the people), literary (include the features of folk tales, but belong to one author) and author's (written by one specific author). Folklore tales are divided into magical, everyday and about animals.

folklore

Before reaching the reader, they pass a long way. In oral form, they are passed down from generation to generation until some collector of legends writes them down on paper. It is believed that the heroes of the first stories were the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and others. natural phenomena, and images of people and animals began to be used later.

Folk tales have a fairly simple structure: a saying, a beginning, and an end. Text is easy to read and does not contain complex words. But with apparent simplicity, it retains all the richness of the Russian language. Folklore tales are easily perceived even by kids, which makes them the best choice to read before bed. This will not only prepare the child for sleep, but also unobtrusively teach life values.

The main features of a fairy tale:

1. Fairy-tale stamps "Once upon a time", "In a certain kingdom".
2. Use of proverbs and sayings.
3. Mandatory victory for good in the final.
4. The tests that the heroes go through are educational and moral in nature.
5. The animals saved by the hero help him get out of difficult situations.

household

The action takes place in everyday life, not "in a distant kingdom", but in an ordinary city or village. The life of that time, features and habits are described. The heroes are the poor and merchants, spouses, soldiers, servants and gentlemen. The plot is based on ordinary life situations and conflicts, which the heroes have to solve with the help of skill, ingenuity and even cunning.

Everyday fairy tales are ridiculed human vices greed, stupidity, ignorance. The main message of such stories is that one should not be afraid of work, not be lazy and confidently overcome obstacles. Treat others with kindness, be responsive to someone else's grief, do not lie and do not be stingy. For example, "Porridge from an ax", "Turnip", "Seven-year-old daughter".

About animals

Often the characters are animals. They live and communicate like people, talk and play pranks, quarrel and make peace. Among the characters there is no clear division into positive and negative characters. Each of them is endowed with one hallmark, which is played out in the plot of the tale. A cunning fox, an evil wolf, a hardworking hare, and a wise owl. Such images are understandable to children, and give ideas about intelligence and stupidity, about cowardice and courage, about greed and kindness.

magical

What is a fairy tale? This is a mysterious world filled with magic and sorcery. Where animals, nature and even objects can speak. The composition is more complex, includes an introduction, an outset, a central plot, a climax and a denouement. The plot is based on overcoming a difficult situation or returning a loss. For example, "Morozko", "Finist clear falcon", "Cinderella".

The world of characters is unusually diverse. G The main characters have all the positive qualities, that is, such as kindness, generosity, responsiveness, courage. They are opposed by evil, greedy and selfish negative characters. In the fight against enemies, the goodies are helped by wonderful helpers and magic items. The denouement is certainly happy. The hero returns home with honors, having overcome all hardships and obstacles.

Literary

Has a specific author but closely related to folklore. A literary tale reflects the author's view of the world, his ideas and desires, while folk tales demonstrate generalized values. The writer empathizes with the main characters, expresses sympathy for individual actors and openly ridicules the negative characters.

The basis is often the plots of folk tales.

• the hero's belonging to the world of magic;
• hostility between foster parents and children;
• the hero is helped by nature, living creatures and magical attributes.

To imitate folk tales, the same principles apply: fairy-tale setting, talking animals, triple repetitions and vernacular. The images of the main characters of folk tales are often used: Ivan the Fool, Baba Yaga, Tsar Koschey and others. The author strives for greater detail, characters and personal qualities The characters are written in detail, the environment is close to reality and there are always two generations: the older (parents) and the younger (children).

Vivid examples of a literary fairy tale include the work of A. Pushkin " gold fish", G. Andersen " The Snow Queen"And Ch. Perrot" Puss in Boots ".

Whatever the fairy tale, its goal is to teach the child not to despair, to boldly take on tasks, to respect the opinions of others. Looking at the bright illustrations, it is easy to come up with your own plot for an already familiar story. It will be useful even for an adult to break away from the usual cycle of days and plunge into beautiful world magic.

Favorite children's activity is to listen to stories. They can be read or told from memory, but it is necessary to explain the meaning to the child. The fact is that fairy tales contain the wisdom of generations of ancestors. Perhaps it is well hidden in some works, but it is always present. There are several different kinds of fairy tales. This article will focus on household items.

What is a household story?

Everyday fairy tale is just a storehouse of knowledge, because first of all it contains a description of folk life, from where its name came from. Since these works are created for children, household folk tales contain a lot of humor and exciting adventures. The hero of a household fairy tale is not a hero, but a common person, for example, a soldier, a peasant, or a blacksmith. He does not perform feats of arms and does not have magical talents, however, he overcomes all difficulties with the help of his ingenuity and dexterity. Also often the main motive is love theme- wedding, wedding or life after marriage.

This kind of fairy tales appeared not so long ago. Everyday fairy tales are best perceived by children between the ages of 2 and 7, so it is worth reading them more often during this period. You should also pay attention to the fact that certain types of fairy tales are suitable for a certain age.

What are the types of fairy tales?

It should be noted that everyday fairy tales can be the result of both folk art and individual authors. So, for example, Charles Perrault or Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote many fairy tales in the everyday genre.

Fairy tales are divided into 3 subgroups, which allow you to more accurately determine what a household fairy tale is:

• social and household ("Chatty old woman", "Shemyakin court"),
• satirical-household ("The Man and the Pope", "The Master and the Man"),
• magic-household ("Morozko", "Cinderella").

However, it is worth noting that fairy tales can only be divided conditionally, because the same work can contain different elements: satire, magic, and just everyday life.

What do fairy tales teach?

Everyday fairy tales were and are being told to children in order to show them the right direction in life, to teach them how to right choice. After all, what is a household fairy tale, if not a lesson and instruction for future generations? She teaches us the kindest and best, because good always triumphs over evil, people who are ready to help do not get lost in trouble, and our heroes are always ready to defend their homeland.

Everyday fairy tales usually carry the idea that one must be industrious and skillful. Such people succeed in everything. And the inept and lazy in these tales are usually ridiculed, and they are left with nothing. So, in everyday fairy tales, gentlemen and priests are treated negatively. They are usually presented as greedy and lazy, and these qualities are always unpleasant to people. Moreover, we can say that heroes are clearly visible in everyday fairy tales. Moreover, people of the lower classes have much more nobility and kindness than the richer ones. The role of the everyday fairy tale is to expose lies and show exactly the social difficulties and problems that exist in society.

Magic household tales

Often the genres of fairy tales can be mixed, as, for example, in magical fairy tales. They usually contain 2 worlds, one of which is real, and the second is fictional. So, the famous beginning "In a certain kingdom ..." is the main indicator of a fairy tale. Also, in addition to the fantasy world, there are also those endowed with special powers, such as Koschey or Baba Yaga.

Magical everyday tales can tell about heroes ("Vasilisa the Beautiful"), lost children ("Twelve Months"), or about people with certain abilities ("Mary the Artisan"). They always begin with the elders leaving the younger, or the strong leaving the weak alone, who, in turn, violate a strictly established prohibition. This form of presentation is the most memorable for children.

In such fairy tales, there is always a kind magical helper or object, with the help of which the victory over the villain is won.

Perhaps fairy tales about animals about animals are very interesting for children. In Russian fairy tales, villains often have pets, for example, Baba Yaga. Usually these are cats that help good characters escape. It is not surprising, because the owners practically do not feed the animals, and even more so they do not caress.

Household fairy tales about animals

Among other varieties of fairy tales, there are fairy tales about animals. They can tell both about simple creatures that live in the forest ("Wolf and seven kids", "Fox and Hare" and others), and about the magical "Humpbacked Horse"). A household tale about animals necessarily implies the ability of these creatures to talk and think like people. In household tales about animals, they often have quite human problems and emotions, as well as living conditions. Basically, it's about people.

A distinctive feature of Russian fairy tales about animals is that all animals are endowed with special, characteristic features. So, everyone knows from childhood that the fox is cunning, the hare is hardworking, and the wolf is cruel.

Household fairy tales of the peoples of Russia

It is impossible to overestimate the importance of everyday fairy tales. So, every nation, not only ours big Russia, but the whole world knows what a household fairy tale is, and tells it to children. Each nation has its own tales, but their plot is often repeated. However, thanks to them, we can learn more about the culture of another people and better understand it. This is very important in such as Russia. When children listen to the tales of their people in early age, they perceive them much better than foreign works.

The Tale of the Bogatyr Naznay

The genres of fairy tales are very diverse, so sometimes a household fairy tale can be perfect for describing a hero. Bogatyr Recognize and his actions refer to just such a case.

In this tale, we are talking about a hero who himself did not know how to do anything, but was able to become a king. The fact is that he was very lucky, and he dealt with his enemies simply by chance. The hero was so unlucky that his But he guessed to write on the sword that he killed 500 people with one blow (although in fact he killed only 500 flies). The king found out about this, invited the hero and married him to his daughter. In fact, the hero did not perform feats, but he was very lucky, and he dealt with enemies. So, he killed a snake simply by falling on it from a tree in a dream, and he defeated three evil heroes by quarreling them: they themselves killed each other.

At the end of the tale, frightened and starting to undress, Naznay frightened the army of the attackers, because they thought that in front of them, thanks to the victory, he became king. In fact, we have before us a household fairy tale, since there is no heroism in it, only luck. The hero copes with difficulties thanks to her and his ingenuity.

What are fairy tales?

Fairy tales, like all other works literary genre, also has its own systematization, and not even one. Fairy tales can be divided into several groups, firstly, by content, and secondly, by authorship. In addition, there is also a systematization of fairy tales on a national basis, which is transparent and understandable to everyone. For example, "Russian folk tales", "German fairy tales", etc. Say what there are fairy tales by authorship, also not so difficult. Everyone understands that there are folk tales, and there are author's tales written by a certain person. We will return to this later, but at first we will talk about a more complex systematization of fairy tales - by content.

3 Household fairy tales Animal Tales

Types of fairy tales by content.

Any of these types is divided into several more, which we will talk about in the corresponding chapters. Let's start with fairy tales.

Household fairy tales.

As the name implies, everyday fairy tales include those that describe the life and life of a particular people. However, it should be noted that in such tales usual description is rare, and most often it is supplemented by various humorous and satirical descriptions. For example, some qualities of this or that class of society or estate are ridiculed. Among everyday fairy tales, the following types of fairy tales are distinguished (we list them with examples):

social and domestic (“Shemyakin Court”, “Dividing the Goose”, “Chatty Old Woman”) satirical- household(“The Man and the Pop”, “The Master and the Carpenter”, “The Master and the Man”, “How the Priest Hired a Worker”) magical household (with elements from fairy tales, bright examples to: "Frost", "Cinderella")

In general, it should be noted that this classification was derived by literary critics rather conditionally, since it is far from always possible to unambiguously say to which category this or that fairy tale belongs. Many can be attributed to both social and everyday life, and, for example, in the well-known fairy tale "Morozko", a certain amount of magic is added to these two features, so it is everyday, and satirical, and magical at the same time. And this is the case with many fairy tales - be sure to consider this point when classifying.

Magic tales.

A fairy tale can be recognized, first of all, by the environment, which, as a rule, does not correspond much to the reality revealed to us in life. Heroes exist in their fantasy world. Often such tales begin with the words “In a certain kingdom. ". Fairy tales can also be conditionally divided into several types:

heroic tales (with victory over various mythical creatures or with adventures in which the hero goes to find some kind of magical object). From examples: "Rejuvenating apples", "Vasilisa the Beautiful"; archaic tales (tell about the destitute and lonely people and about those who were kicked out or they left the family for some reason and about their adventures). From examples: "Twelve months", "Children at the cannibal"; fairy tales about people endowed with magical powers. For example: "Mary the artisan", "Elena the Wise".

Tales about animals.

Let's see what animal tales are:

fairy tales about ordinary animals (wild and domestic). For example: “The Fox and the Hare”, “The Fox and the Crane”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”; fairy tales about magical animals. For example: “Goldfish”, “Humpbacked Horse”, “Emelya” (“At the command of the pike”).

In addition, there are also fairy tales:

cumulative (in which there is a repetitive plot). For example: "Mitten", "Kolobok", "Turnip"; fables. As an example, let's take the well-known fables "The Crow and the Fox", "The Monkey and Glasses". A small note: not all literary scholars classify the fable as a fairy tale genre, allocating a separate place for it among literary genres, but for the sake of completeness, I decided to include fables here too.

As you probably know, these fables are not folk art, they have authors. Thus, fairy tales can be divided into folk and author's. “The Fox and the Hare” is a Russian folk tale, and “The Little Humpbacked Horse” is the author's, since it was written by P.P. Ershov. Well, we have considered, perhaps, all the main types of fairy tales, both in content and in terms of authorship and nationality.

This page contains wonderful fairy tales.

And here you will find several dozen famous fairy tales about animals.

I note that the fairy tales presented on the pages of this site are perhaps the most famous of the Russian folk tales.

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The story has always moved with the times. The fairy tale put once and for all a sharp line between good and evil. She is a severe accuser, being able to simply, bluntly talk about what is really good, and what, on the contrary, is worthy of merciless condemnation. The fairy tale “gives” all its love and sympathy to good, and evil tries to destroy it by any means available to it.

Fairy tales are folklore (a genre of written and oral folk art) and literary.

Literary tales have one or more authors. Characters literary tales, as well as folklore, fictional. The text of fairy tales of this kind is unchanged, fixed in writing.

Folklore tales are the creation of the people themselves. They are passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. In these fairy tales there is a reflection of popular ideals.

A folk tale is often characterized by a certain dimensional warehouse - "and I was there, I drank honey, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth." The poetic nature of the fairy-tale language is also expressed in the usual epic repetitions, usually up to three times - the hero's feat, an important saying, a key meeting are repeated. There are often three heroes in a fairy tale - three brothers, three sisters.

What types of folklore tales exist?
Magical, everyday, about animals, annoying.

Fairy tales, in which a wonderful beginning, supernatural events and persons predominate, are called magical. In them, the characters are Koschey the Immortal, sea ​​king, Morozko, Baba Yaga, Golden-maned horse, Firebird, Sivka-Burka, Mumps - a golden bristle. We also find wonderful objects in them - living and dead water, a flying carpet, an invisibility hat, a self-assembly tablecloth.

It is believed that all this is the personification of the forces of nature. So, for example, Koschey the Immortal, a dry and angry old man with white hair, this is winter. The king of the sea is the sea, his daughters are the waves of the sea. The Firebird is the sun, Sivka-Burka is the horse, from which the earth trembles, smoke from the ears, and flames from the nostrils - thunder and lightning. Dead and living water- rain, flying carpet - wind ...

The hero of a fairy tale, acting among these creatures and objects, is an ordinary person, most often Ivan Tsarevich, or simply Ivanushka. The hero of a fairy tale struggles with various forces, suffers, but, in the end, comes out the winner, most often he is helped by mythical characters.

The hero of a fairy tale is often at first humiliated, despised by others, reputed to be a fool, but then he rises above those who neglected him. This is already a moral element in the tale, it probably appeared later.

There are fairy tales in which the moral idea is imperceptible. And, for example, in the tale of Koshchei the Immortal, who kidnapped Princess Marya and imprisoned her in the walls of his castle, Ivan Tsarevich, the bridegroom, defeats the enemy with his moral virtues: firmness of will, patience, kindness.

We also see the moral principle in the tale of Frost, who rewarded the good girl-stepdaughter and punished the evil stepmother's daughters.

In some fairy tales, in addition to wonderful people and events, there is an image of modern life. So, in the fairy tale about the Boy with a finger, a peasant life is drawn: a woman is engaged in farming, a peasant plows in the field. The son brings his father lunch in the field and helps him to plow. This picture of agricultural life is a late stratification in a fairy tale, the mythical basis of which, perhaps, was formed even before organized agriculture.

In a household fairy tale, wonderful events and characters are relegated to the background, and the main place is occupied by showing a person with all his advantages and disadvantages. Such tales belong to a later period than fairy tales. The main thing in these tales is the image of characters and moral thought.

Everyday fairy tales are closest to real life, there is a certain fiction in it, with the help of which negative sides, or, conversely, the ingenuity and kindness of the characters are shown. In everyday fairy tales, we can observe pictures of real, everyday life.

An important place is occupied by fairy tales about animals. These tales originate from ancient times, to those times when people looked at animals as beings like themselves, gifted with reason and the gift of words. Until our time, these tales have come down in a fairly unchanged form. Fairy tales of this kind are fun for children, although there is a moralizing moment in them.

The heroes of fairy tales about animals are animals that are found in the country. In our Russian fairy tales, the main characters- fox, bear, wolf, cat, rooster, ram. Fairy tales of this kind are distinguished by their artistry, both in language and in characterization - each animal with its own original appearance is described briefly, but often versatile.

Boring fairy tales are the subject of a special conversation. They are small in size, have the character of a joke. Boring tales are built on a play on words. In fairy tales of this kind, light humor and irony are certainly present.