The verb to have and the phrase have (has) got. The difference between have and have got

Today we will talk about different forms and functions of one strong English verb have (having). The rule for the formation and use of this verb is quite extensive, but at the same time simple. Once you carefully study the information, you will no longer have problems using it. The whole essence of the verb lies in its versatility. We will try to review each of the functions as easily as possible.

general characteristics

While studying English, we are faced with different options the verb we are interested in: had, has, have, having. The rules for using each of these forms are quite precise, so it is difficult to confuse them if you carefully study all the information. To begin with, we note that this verb can perform the following functions:

• A semantic verb, which in translation means “to have”. He has a big house. He has a big house. It should be added that the translation into Russian may differ, since the option sounds more literary: He has a big house.
• An auxiliary verb that serves to form different tense forms. In this case it is not translated. She has done it already. She's already done it. They are having dinner now. We are having lunch now.
• Modal verb expressing obligation. He has to visit a doctor. He is forced to go to the doctor.

Depending on what function the verb performs, the form of the verb and how it behaves when forming interrogative and negative sentences are determined.

British and American versions

One of the simplest uses of this verb is its use as a semantic one. In this case we will be dealing with forms have And has, have got And has got. The rule for their application is quite simple:

• In British English it is used simple form“have” to express possession of some object one time. He has a nice toy. He has a beautiful toy. This means that he now has a toy in his hands.
• When expressing possession of something on a permanent basis, the form with got. He has got a nice toy. In this case, the translation will sound unchanged: “ He has a beautiful toy”, but it is implied that this thing belongs to him permanently.

As we can see, the type of form does not critically affect the translation of sentences, so you can safely use any of them. The main thing is not to confuse how to form other types of sentences using these forms. When forming interrogative sentences, verbs behave as follows:

• In the British version, this verb is perceived as strong, so it does not need any help when asking a question. Has he (got) a dog? He has a dog?
• In the American version, the verb is used in pairs with auxiliary verbs do/does. Do you have a dog? You have a dog?

Which option you choose depends on your preference and where you live. It is recommended to communicate in the dialect of the language spoken in the area.

Features of forms in the present tense

It doesn't matter which form you choose: has or has got/have got, the rule for forming forms for different persons and numbers must be observed in any case. So, in the present tense this verb has the forms:

The same forms are used to form negative sentences.

• He has not (hasn’t) any enemies.
• He does not (doesn’t) have any enemies.

Past tense

Separately, it is necessary to note the past tense forms for the verb have (having). The rule of application is the same as in the present tense, that is, it is possible to use the British or American style. In this tense the verb has only one form - had, so you don’t need to choose, but when forming questions and negatives, you still have to think a little. For example, a sentence: He had a big pie. He had a big pie.

• British version: Had he a big pie? Did he have a big pie?
• American version: Did he have a big pie? Did he have a big pie?

So, you just need to choose what style you are going to communicate in and stick with that style throughout the conversation.

Have/having: rule of education

A very important function that this verb performs is the formation of different tense forms. This refers to the formation of such verb variants as have done/has done or have been, has been. The rule for the formation of tense formulas in which our verb is involved is:

Present and past tense verb have perceived as a strong auxiliary, used to pose questions and negations to a sentence.

• Has he left the city?
• They hadn't done it yet.
• Have you been reading?

In the future tense, this function is taken over by the verb will.

• Will you have finished the work by the end of the week?
• We will not have been sitting.

Modal verb have to

The rule for using this verb as a modal says that it is applicable as an expression of obligation, and the subject himself does not realize the need to perform an action, but this is caused by some circumstances. It is this shade of compulsion that made this form more commonly used in Lately. Translated into Russian, such a verb means “necessary, forced, must, had to,” etc.

• He has to do it at once. He is forced to do it right away.

A distinctive feature of the modal form is that when forming a sentence, a particle is always paired with a verb to, which is placed before the infinitive of the main semantic verb expressing the action itself.

• She has to leave now. She must leave now.

Also, when constructing an interrogative or negative sentence, the help of verbs is always used do/does.

• Do they have to buy it? Should they buy it?
• You don't have to read this book. You don't have to read this book.

Note that the forms of the modal verb are absolutely identical to the forms of the simple semantic “to have”.

In the past and future tenses, the same forms are used for all persons and numbers had to And will have to.

Phraseologisms

In the end, I would like to remind you that in combination with some words, our verb can lose its direct meaning and translated completely differently. Most often in such cases, when asking questions and negatives, an auxiliary verb is used do/does/did.

• She has lunch at 1. She has lunch at 1.
• We had a talk after dinner. After dinner we talked.
• Did you have a bath? Have you already shopped?
• I didn't have a smoke yet. I haven't smoked yet.

As can be seen from the information presented, the use and interpretation of the verb will not cause difficulties if you carefully study all the rules. And, of course, we must not forget about practical training.

One of the basic verbs in English language is a verb to have.

To have is an amazing verb: it can be semantic, auxiliary and modal. There are many set expressions and idioms with the verb to have.

In general, you can't go wrong if you start learning English with the verb to have.

Let's try to study all the uses of the verb to have:

I. To have as a semantic verb

VI. To have got

VII. Phrasal verbs

I. To have as a semantic verb

Translated as:

* have, possess

I have a big house in Moscow.

* include, include, contain

December has 31 days (has – because 3rd person).

* have the ability to do smth. (often translated into Russian in this case, who knows, understands)

You have only a little English.

In this case, to have is stative, i.e. cannot be in continuous form(ending -ing). To form the interrogative and negative form, the auxiliary verbs do (not) and does (not) are used.

I don’t have a big house in Moscow.

Do you have a big house in Moscow.

In the third person the verb to have has the form - has.

She/he has a big house in Moscow.

II. To have as a semantic verb in fixed expressions (“compound” verb)

To have breakfast/dinner - have breakfast, lunch

To have a good time/holiday etc. - have a good time, relax, etc.

To have a quarrel- quarrel

To have a rest/a sleep/a dream etc. - relax, sleep, dream

To have a shave/a wash- shave, wash

To have a smoke- smoke

To have a talk- talk

To have a try- to attempt

To have a walk- take a walk

To have bath/a shower– take a bath, shower

To have coffee/tea etc. – drink coffee, tea, etc.

To have pity- regret

In this case, the verb to have is semantic and can have a continuous form.

Call later please. I'm having a bath.

What time are we having dinner tonight?

III. To have as an auxiliary verb

To form all perfect forms: simple, past, future, continuous

They have been married for 15 years.

How long has Anna been going out with James?

Have they been married for 15 years?

They have not been married for 15 years.

IV. To have as a modal verb

Has the shape of have to

The modal verb have to is used to express an obligation, especially when talking about rules, laws, etc.

The staff have to dress formally in this company.

I didn’t have to wear a uniform when I went to school.

Do we really have to spend Christmas with your parents again?

V. Turnover to have + object + Past Participle (V3/Ved)

This turnover is used when the action is performed not by the person designated by the subject, but by someone else for him, for him (it will not necessarily be indicated by whom exactly).

I have my hair cut at this hairdresser’s. I get my hair cut (not myself, but they cut my hair) at this hairdresser.

I shall have the letters posted immediately. I will send (order to send, order to be sent) the letters immediately.

We're going to have the kitchen repainted next week.

I had my watch repaired yesterday.

I had my eyes tested when I got my new glasses.

The interrogative and negative forms are formed using the auxiliary verbs do (not) and does (not).

Where do you have your hair cut?

Did you have the letters posted yesterday?

I didn’t have the letters posted yesterday.

VI. To have got

To have got is used in colloquial speech to express possession. It is an auxiliary verb in the have/has got construction.

The interrogative form is formed by placing have/has at the beginning of the sentence, and the negative form is formed by adding the particle not to the auxiliary verbs have/has.

How many children have you got?

Have/has got refers to some specific, temporary phenomenon.

Compare:

I have a cup of tea for breakfast in the morning (usually).

I haven’t got tea for breakfast in the morning. I have got coffee for breakfast in the morning.

Have/has got does not have a past tense form, i.e. had got.

In colloquial speech have got to – can also be used as modal verb. Also has shade of temporaryness.

Compare:

I have to wear a suit to work (general).

I’ve got to make a quick phone call (specific).

I’ve got to go now – I’m meeting my girlfriend for lunch.

VII. Phrasal verbs

have back- invite in turn, in response

have down- receive as a guest

have in- have it in the house, call a specialist to your home

have off- learn by heart, have a day off, vacation

have on- to be dressed, to have smth. in the plans

have out- invite (to dinner, etc.), find out, let finish; remove (teeth, tonsils)

have over– invite, come to an end (of something unpleasant)

have up– invite, summon to court, bring to court, etc.

Verb to have one of the most commonly used verbs in the English language, it has separate forms for the 1st and 3rd person singular – have And has, in plural has one form for all persons - have. Verb to have, in English, can be used as . It can also be used in expressions to denote action. More about .

The verb to have as an auxiliary verb

1. Verb to have used to form all tense groups in combination with Participle II. Verb to have carries the meaning of a completed action.

Examples: I have read a lot of books. – I read a lot of books.
I had been a teacher for several years. – I was a teacher for several years.

The verb to have as a semantic verb

2. Verb to have corresponds to the Russian verb have, possess, i.e. the verb is translated, which means it has meaning. To express the interrogative and negative form, it is used.

Examples: I have many beautiful dresses. – I (she has) a lot of beautiful dresses.
He has an expensive car. - He (he has) an expensive car.
I don't have many beautiful dresses. – I don’t have many beautiful dresses.
Do you have an expensive car? – Do you have an expensive car?

The verb to have as a modal verb

3. Verb to have used in combination with an infinitive with a particle to to express the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances. The negative and interrogative forms are formed using the verb to do. In Russian in the present tense verb have to translated as must, must, must, have to.

Examples: My sister is little and I have to help her with her home task. – My sister is little and I have to help her with her homework.
Why do you have to help your sister with her home task? -Why do you have to help your sister with her homework?

4. In colloquial speech instead have to sometimes the construction have got to is used. also in oral speech a shortened form of the verb is used have ='ve

Examples: I 've got to phone her back. = I 've to phone her back. - I have to call her back.

If verbs in the grammar of any language denote the execution of an action by an object, then the function of modal verbs is to show the speaker’s attitude to the action taking place. And it, in turn, will be expressed in various ways.

Everything you need to know about the verb have

The topic of this article is devoted to the verb had, but you cannot begin to study the topic without understanding that this verb is only the past form of the verb have. In order to learn about you need to have an idea about have. This verb is the most important in the English language. It is important not only because in conversation we often talk about our property, but also because it is often found in set phrases and is never translated literally. Had is one of the variants of have, which is involved in the formation of some languages. The verb have is used in 4 ways.

1. Has its direct meaning, that is, it acts as it is translated have. For example, to say "I have a lot of friends", The English say I have a lot of friends. That is, literally this proposal can be translated as "I have many friends."

2. Occurs in set phrases and expressions. Here this verb no longer has a translation have. This is because stable phrases do not have a literal translation. Here are a few expressions that come up quite often.

2.1 Sayings about eating:

Have a tea - drink tea, not have tea.

2.2 Expressions related to dates and meetings:

Have a date - to make a date rather than have a date.

2.3 Statements about appearance:

Have a haircut - get a haircut.

2.4 Communication:

Have a talk - talk, have a conversation.

2.5 Health:

Have a baby - give birth to a baby.

Have a headache - my head hurts.

2.6 Travel:

Have a walk - go for a walk or stroll.

3. Occurs as a modal verb have to.

The variant had occurs in Past times Simple, Perfect and Perfect Continuous.

What modal verbs exist in English?

In English, the following are considered modal: must, need, shouldd, have to, may, need, dare, might, be to, shall, ought, have got to.

If modal verbs such as have, be and should are auxiliary, then have, get, need and be have semantic meaning.

Functions of modal verbs

As you know, modal verbs are intended to indicate the attitude of the narrator to a certain action. This means we should consider the functions that modal verbs express during conversation.

1. Physical ability. For example, Helen is 20 years old. She can be in full employment. - Elena is 20 years old. She may be employed full time. That is, according to the law, she is allowed, and she has the right to do so.

2. Expresses the inability to perform a certain action. For example, Mike can't swim. - Mike doesn't (or can't) swim.

3. Expresses the need (obligation) for action. - We must respect our parents. We must (oblige) respect our parents.

4. Expresses lack of need. We do not have to buy products. - That is, we don’t have to buy food. It is not necessary.

5. Expresses a prohibition on action. Jack must not do it. - Jack shouldn't do this. That is, he is prohibited from performing a certain action.

6. Expresses confidence in action. He shouldn't be glad. - He must be happy. The speaker is sure of this.

7. Expresses probability. They ought to be in now. - They are probably inside (the building) now.

8. Expresses a hypothetical possibility. The weather can get cold in October. - It can get colder in October. That is, this is theoretically possible.

9. Express a request for permission to perform an action. Can I open the window? - Can I open the window?

10. Expresses prohibition or permission. She may not use my laptop. - She can't use my laptop. You may use my phone. - You can use my phone.

How to use the verb had in English

In fact, the verb had is have in the past tense. As you know, have to is a modal verb, or, more precisely, the equivalent of must. Must, in turn, has a very strong meaning, which denotes an obligation to fulfill certain action. Based on the above, it is concluded that have to, being the equivalent of must, is also a hard verb. If these verbs appear during a conversation, then this is not a request, but an order!

Here are examples of using have to in different times, pay attention to the tense of the verb had.

She has to do it. - She is forced to make time).

She had to do it. - She should have done it (past tense).

She will have to do it. - She will have to do it (future tense).

In the second sentence, the modal verb had to is used in the past tense.

Difference between must and have to

Modal verb must used for personal feelings. Let's give an example: I must do it. I have to do it. This example shows that the narrator is expressing his feelings about a certain action.

I have to visit my dentist. It shows that there are problems with the speaker's dental health and he should visit his dentist. It shows a fact, but not any personal emotions or feelings.

But often the line between these two modal verbs is so thin that people become confused when using them. When such situations arise, it is better to use have to.

It should be remembered that, unlike have to, the modal verb must does not have a past tense. Thus, the equivalent of have to can be used in all forms, including the past tense. In the past tense, have to becomes the modal verb had to.

I had to visit my girlfriend. The verb must cannot be used in this tense. Since it is past, the verb had is used here.

Using the verb had in the negative form

Verb had in the negative form it becomes have. To understand why had turns into have, it is enough to remember the rule of the past tense. The verb had is used in the past tense, which means that when negated, it is preceded by did not, which means that had turns into have.

In British English, in interrogative sentences, the verb to have almost always comes before the subject, but in American English question starts with the word Do. This also applies to the negative form. Let's give a simple example:

Have you two sisters? - here is the British version.

In the American version this question will begin with Do: Do ​​you have two sisters?

Also, the verb Had can be found in the formation of sentences in tense Present Perfect. It should be recalled that this tense expresses an action that began in the past and is ongoing or ended at the time of conversation. As you can see, in this rule there is a past tense, which means the verb Had has found its tense here.

It should be remembered that when using had, the tense of the verb must only be past. This means that it cannot be used during a conversation in the present and especially the future tense.

In what tenses is the verb had used?

The fact that the verb had is used in the past tense is already clear; it is worth examining the use of had in the formation of two more English tenses.

To form the Past Perfect tense, the following construction is required:

verb had (past tense) + verb in the third form, or, more simply, the third column of irregular verbs.

Let's give an example, I had never seen him before - hence it is clear that the verb seen is the third form verb see- see.

The Past Perfect Continuous is not the most common of all English tenses. This time can only be found in books. But it is worth studying to understand the entire tense system of the English language.

Tense is formed using the verb Had been + ing.

For example, We had been feeling well for some time.

That, in fact, is all that concerns the topic of the verb have and its past form had.