How many different forms of the pronoun all. What are the pronouns? What are pronouns by meaning

Pronoun - this is an independent part of speech that indicates an object, sign, quantity, but does not name them.

Depending on the expressed meaning and grammatical features, nine categories of pronouns are distinguished: personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative, demonstrative, attributive.

initial form for most pronouns, this is the form nominative case singular.

All pronouns change in cases (me, me, (about) me), some by birth (such, such) and numbers (this, these).

syntax function pronouns depends on which part of speech it refers to given word. Pronouns pointing to an object, are correlative with nouns and perform the functions of nouns in a sentence (me, you, he, who, what etc.), and pronouns, indicating a sign, are correlative with adjectives and perform the functions of adjectives in a sentence (mine, yours, whose, what, such etc.), for example:

You - all!

You sky and water... (D. Merezhkovsky)

What do they smell they, then they take into themselves,

They have space in themselves. (I. Kanevsky)

In my dreams - your minutes:

Your Memphis eyes. (V. Bryusov)

Lexico-semantic categories of pronouns

Taking into account lexico-semantic features are the following ranks of pronouns:

In some manuals, interrogative and relative pronouns are considered in the same group of interrogative-relative pronouns.

Pronouns can also include words both, both since they express to a greater extent not the quantitative meaning of “two” or “two”, “two”, but the pronominal demonstrative “both one and the other”, “both one and the other”. Wed Both received an award.- Both of them received an award. Both girls were injured in the accident.- Both were injured in the accident.

Personal pronouns

group personal pronouns make up the words: I, you, he (she, it), we, you, they.

Pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person singular and plural indicate persons, participants in the dialogue - the speaker and the interlocutor: I, you, we, you.

Pronouns of the 3rd person singular and plural indicate the one or those who are not participating in the dialogue, or the subject that is being spoken about, was said or will be said in the future: he, she, it, they.

Grammar signs personal pronouns: 1) have face shapes; 2) have the form of a number; 3) pronouns of the 3rd person singular have gender forms; 4) forms of indirect cases are formed from different stems, that is, in a suppletive way (i - me, me; you- you, you; he- him, him; she is- her, her; they- them, them etc.).

Personal pronouns 3rd person, if used with prepositions, may have a form beginning with and: at him, to him, behind him, with them, with him. No initial n these pronouns are not used with some derived prepositions: thanks to him, her, them; against him, her, them.

Personal pronouns him, her, them should be distinguished from homonymous possessive pronouns him, her, them. In offers personal pronouns most often refer to verbs and act as complements, for example: The watchman saw him at once. It is impossible not to love her. They have a lot of work. Possessive pronouns him, her, them, as a rule, refer to nouns, act as definitions, for example: Her eyes shone with happiness. His brother has many friends. This is a gift for their daughter. Possessive pronouns, used with prepositions, do not have an initial k. Compare: for him- for his friend; for her- for her friend; for them- for their friends.

2nd person plural pronoun you can be used when referring to one person as a polite form. In this case, the pronoun is most often capitalized, for example: I heartily congratulate you on the holiday. Wishing you all the best.

Reflexive pronoun "myself"

Group reflexive pronouns represented by the word myself. There are no other words in this group.

grammatical meaning reflexive pronoun myself - an indication of the person in question.

Grammar signs reflexive pronoun: 1) has no nominative form; 2) has no form of person, number, gender.

reflexive pronoun myself has no initial form, it changes only in oblique cases. Can refer to any of the personal pronouns of all three persons: He bought himself a book. She bought herself a book. They bought themselves books.

In a sentence reflexive pronoun myself performs the complement function: I would love to treat myself to a small gift.

reflexive pronoun myself in the form of the dative case should be distinguished from a pronoun that is close in meaning to a particle. Wed: He found himself a job.- He goes to himself and does not think about anything. Help yourself.- The performance was not very, so-so. In this case the word myself does not stand out as an independent member of the sentence, but is underlined along with the word to which it refers.

Possessive pronouns

group possessive pronouns make up the words: mine, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, yours.

grammatical meaning possessive pronouns- this is an indication that the object belongs to the person in question (this person can be the speaker, the interlocutor or some third person).

Grammar signs possessive pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms; 2) have gender forms; 3) change in cases according to the type of adjectives (except for pronouns him, her, them).

Pronouns him, her, them are originally a form genitive personal pronouns he she, they; have gender and number, but do not change by case, although they can be combined with a noun in any case, for example: He saw her father. He met with her father. He was proud of her father. He talked about her father.

Interrogative and relative pronouns

group interrogative pronouns make up the words: who, what, which, which, which, whose, how much.

Interrogative pronouns express a question about an object, attribute or quantity in interrogative sentences.

The same pronouns used for communication simple sentences as part of a complex, make up a group relative pronouns . Wed: Who come? (interrogative) - I don't know who came (relative).

Grammar signs interrogative and relative pronouns: 1) pronouns who, what, how much do not have a form of gender and number, they change by cases; 2) pronouns which, which, whose change according to cases, numbers and gender, decline according to the type of adjectives, for example: whose\\, h- j- eGo, whose-j-him, whose-j-andm, (o) ch-j-eat.

Indefinite pronouns

group indefinite pronouns make up the words: someone, something, some, some, someone, something, some, someone, someone anyone, anyone, something, anyone, someone, several and under.

grammatical meaning indefinite pronouns- an indication of an indefinite object, sign, quantity.

Indefinite pronouns formed from interrogative questions with prefixes not- and something and suffixes something, something, something.

Grammar signs indefinite pronouns the same as for the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed. The only difference is the pronouns. someone and something, which do not change.

Negative pronouns

group negative pronouns make up the words: no one, nothing, no one, no one, not at all, no one, nothing.

grammatical meaning negative pronouns: 1) denial of the presence of any object, sign, quantity; 2) strengthening the negative meaning of the whole sentence.

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogatives by the addition of particles-prefixes not and neither and have the same features as interrogative pronouns.

Grammar signs negative pronouns the same as for the interrogative pronouns from which they are formed.

Pronouns no one and there is nothing do not have a nominative form and are used only in impersonal sentences: You have no one to blame for what happened. He had nothing to do.

Pronouns nobody, nothing, nobody, no one usually used in a sentence with a negative verb: no one believed, nothing foretold etc.

From pronoun nothing the form accusative formed only with the preposition: for nothing.

Demonstrative pronouns

group demonstrative pronouns make up the words: that, this, such, such, so much, such (obsolete), such (obsolete), this (obsolete), this (obsolete).

grammatical meaning demonstrative pronouns- selection among others of any object, attribute, quantity.

AT complex sentence can act as pointers.

Grammar signs demonstrative pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms (except for the pronoun so many); 2) have gender forms (except for the pronoun so many); 3) change in cases according to the type of full and short adjectives, according to the type of numerals (pronoun so many).

Some linguists classify demonstrative pronouns the words both and both in the meaning of "the one and the other", "the one and the other": Both students successfully passed their exams.- Both of them successfully passed the exams. Both girls received gifts.- Both of them received gifts.

Definitive pronouns

group definitive pronouns make up the words: himself, most, all, everyone, everyone, other, any, other, everyone, everyone.

grammatical meaning definitive pronouns- definition of an object in a number of other objects.

Grammar signs definitive pronouns: 1) have singular and plural forms (all, all); 2) have gender forms (all, all, all); 3) change in cases (all, everything, everything etc.).

Pronouns myself and most in declension, they differ only in the form of the nominative case and stress: (the) same house, the house itself- (of) the very house, the very house.

With the help of a pronoun most a complex shape superlatives quality adjectives: beautiful- the most beautiful, kindest- kindest, freshest- the freshest.

Pronoun myself can have two meanings: 1) the meaning of an intensifying word with a noun or personal pronoun: It was the director of the school himself; 2) the meaning of "independently, without outside help": He solved the problem himself.

Declension of pronouns

AT pronoun declension individual discharges there is a wide variety of types and forms, as well as cases of the formation of forms from different bases.

1. Declension of personal pronouns I, you; we you; he (it, she), they.

Forms of indirect cases of personal pronouns have a different basis, different from the form of the nominative case.

Pronouns I, you can represent either a male or female person. Wed: I'm almost happy.- I'm almost happy. You got angry.- You got angry.

Pronouns he, it, she, they, used with prepositions, can get the initial n (from him, to her, with them, with him, but: thanks to him, towards her, in spite of them).

2. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have a nominative form; it only changes in oblique cases, following the model of a pronoun you:

3. Possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours, yours, index that one, this one, interrogative and relative which, which, whose, defining most, himself, all, everyone, other have generic and plural forms and are declined according to separate patterns of adjective declension.

It is necessary to distinguish between the declension of pronouns most and myself.

Pronoun all (all, all, all) It has special forms in the instrumental singular masculine and neuter and in all plural forms:

4. Interrogative and relative pronouns who and what and negative pronouns nobody, nothing form when declining the form from other bases:

5. Negative pronouns nobody, nothing do not have nominative case forms, and in oblique cases they are declined according to the given pattern:

6. Indefinite pronouns someone (someone, anyone), something (something, anything), some (any, some), someone (someone, someone) ) and others are declined according to the pattern of the corresponding interrogative pronouns.

7. Indefinite pronoun some in some cases it has variant forms.

8. Pronouns such as, someone, something do not bow.

Morphological analysis pronouns includes the selection of two permanent signs (rank by value and features of declension) and three non-permanent ones (gender, case and number). For personal pronouns, the person is also indicated as a constant feature. Fulfilling morphological analysis of the pronoun, you should remember about its specificity as a part of speech: pronoun indicates on objects, signs and quantities, but does not name them. This is important when formulating general meaning pronouns. It should also be noted that only a change in cases is characteristic of all categories of pronouns (this is a common non-permanent feature).

Pronoun- an independent part of speech that combines words that indicate persons, objects, signs, events, quantities, but do not name them.

A list of pronouns and their classification by meaning and grammatical features is given.

Classes by grammatical features.

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on what part of speech the pronoun replaces in the text.

In a sentence, pronouns are usually subjects and objects (as nouns), attributions (as adjectives), circumstances (as adverbs).

1. Noun pronouns (pronominal nouns):

   I, you; we you; he, she, it, they (personal); myself(returnable); who what(interrogative-relative); nobody, nothing(negative); someone, something, someone, something, somebody(undefined).

   • They point to a person, object, event and perform the functions of nouns in a sentence.
   • Change by cases (there are features).
   • Associated with other words in a sentence as nouns.
   • In a sentence, there are subject, object, nominal part of the predicate.
2. Pronouns-adjectives (pronoun adjectives):

   mine, yours, mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs (possessive ); himself, the most, all, everyone, each, any, other, different, all, everyone(defining) ; that, this, such, such, this, this(indicative) ; which, which, whose; uncertain none, nobody, some, some, some(interrogative-relative), etc.

   • They point to a sign of an object, perform the functions of adjectives in a sentence.
   • They change in gender, number and case, in which they agree with the noun to which they refer.
   • declined like adjectives.
   • In a sentence, they are usually definitions, they can be subjects and objects if they replace nouns, rarely the nominal part of the predicate.
3. Pronouns-numerals (pronouns):

   as much as and formed from them a few, some.

   • Indicate the number of items.
   • Usually change by case.
   • In a sentence, they are associated with nouns as cardinal numbers.
4. *** In Russian there are pronouns-adverbs (pronominal adverbs), which in some sources refer to pronouns, tk. do not name signs, circumstances, but point to them. But, more often than not refer to adverbs because pronominal words are used "instead of a name", i.e. instead of a noun, adjective and them. numeral. They are also called adverbs of pronominal origin, because. they do not change and are formed from pronominal roots.
   • Indicates an action sign.
   • They behave like adverbs: they do not change by gender, number, or case.
   • In a sentence, they are associated with verbs.
   • everywhere, always - definitive;
   • so, there, there, here, then, here, from here, here, everywhere - index;
   • where, where, when, why, why, how - interrogative-relative;
   • somewhere, sometime, once - indefinite,
   • nowhere, never, nowhere - negative.

Ranks by value

1. Personal (pronouns-nouns):
   • 1st person: me, we- indicate the speaker of the dialogue. Answer the question who?;
   • 2nd person: you you- point to the interlocutor. Answer the question who?;
   • 3rd person: he, she, it, they - indicate the person they are talking about, or what they are talking about. Answer the question who?,what? depending on value .
   • They have a sign of a face: 1st, 2nd and 3rd.
   • There are units. ( I, you, he, she, it) and many others. numbers ( we you they).
   • 3rd person singular pronoun changes by gender.
   • Change in cases; the whole word is changed, not just .
   • In a sentence, there are usually subjects and objects.
2. returnable (noun pronouns): yourself.
   • Indicates that the action is "returning" to acting person. Indicates one or more persons.
   • Has no gender, refers to any person (not indicated during morphological analysis).
   • It varies by case, but does not have a nominative form.
   • It plays the role of an addendum in a sentence.
3. Interrogative (used in the question (question words), indicate persons, objects, signs and quantity):
   • who what?- local nouns, change in cases;
   • what?, whose?, which?, what? - local adjectives, change by gender, number and case;
   • How many?- place-numeral , varies by case.
   • where?, where?, from where?, when?, why?, why?, how?, why?
4. relative : the same as interrogative, but used to connect sentences as allied words in complex sentences:
   • who what- local nouns;
   • which, whose, which, what - place-adjectives;
   • How many- place-numeral;
   • where, where, from where, when, why, why, how, why - place-adverbs, do not change.
   • What, how, when can be not only allied words, but also unions.

     The union can be omitted, the union word is not; the union can be replaced by another union, the allied word can only be replaced by the word from the main clause that it replaces in the subordinate clause: In the bushes, where(the allied word, circumstance, replaces the word in the bushes) the sparrows gathered, it was noisy.

   • It is necessary to distinguish between an interrogative-relative pronoun and a preposition + pronoun.
5. Possessive :

   mine, yours, ours, yours, yours; him, her, them.

   • Indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object.
   • Relate to adjectives.
   • Answer questions whose?, whose?, whose?, whose?.
   • They vary by gender, number and case.
   • His, her, them - personal pronouns he, it, she, they in R.p. are used in the meaning of possessive pronouns. Do not bow.
   • In a sentence are usually definitions.
6. pointing :
   • that (that, that, those), this (this, this, these), such (such, such, such), such (such, such, such); this one - m.-adjectives, change by gender, number, cases;
   • so much - m.-numeral, changes in cases;
   • there, there, here, here, then, therefore, therefore, from there, from here, here- m.-adverbs, do not change.

   Indicate a sign or number of objects.

7. Determinants indicate the attribute of the object:
   • all, everyone, each, any, other, other, himself, most - m.-adjectives, change by gender, number, cases, in a sentence - a definition;
   • everywhere, always, everywhere - m.-adverb, do not change, in the sentence - circumstances.
8. indefinite :
   • someone, something - m.-nouns, someone has the form only of the Im. and V. cases;
   • someone, something, someone, something, anyone, anything, anyone, anything - m.-nouns, change in cases;
   • some, some; some; some, someone; anyone, anybody, anyone, anybody - m.-adj. , change by gender, number, cases;
   • several; any, how much- m-numerals, change in cases.
   • somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, sometime, sometime, somehow, somehow where, somewhere, somehow and others - m.-adverbs, do not change.
   • The category includes all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns with the help of not, which turns into ( not always shock!), prefixes something or suffixes -something, -either, -something.
   • They change in the same way as interrogative pronouns (except someone, something)
   • M.-nouns in a sentence are subject or object.
   • M.-adverbs in a sentence are usually circumstances.
   • something, something, something, something are written through hyphen. If there is something between the particle and the pronoun , then the whole phrase is written separately: + someone -> someone, with + something-> something.
9. Negative :
   • no one, nothing, no one, nothing (no one, nothing, nothing) - m.-nouns; nobody, nothing change in cases; nobody, nothing do not have the form Im.p.
   • none, nobody. - m.-adjectives, change by gender, number, cases.
   • nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, never, not at all - m.-adverbs, do not change.
   • They express the absence of persons, objects, signs, quantities.
   • Formed from interrogative pronouns by adding particles not and neither , which turn into prefixes.
   • M.-nouns in a sentence are subject (no one, nothing) or object.
   • M.-adjectives in a sentence are usually definitions.
   • M.-adverbs in a sentence are circumstances.
   • under stress - not , without stress - neither.
   • Not and neither (as prefixes) are written together with pronouns, but with a preposition not and neither (as negative particles) are written separately :with + nothing -> nothing, + no one -> no one.

List of used literature.
• Arbatova E.A. Rules of the Russian language in tables and diagrams. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Litera", 2012, ISBN 978-5-94455-713-1
• Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language. A short theoretical course for schoolchildren. - Moscow State University, Moscow, 2000, ISBN 5-211-05119-x.
• Panova E.A., Pozdnyakova A.A. Reference materials on the Russian language for exam preparation. - M .: - LLC Astrel Publishing House, 2004.-462 p.
• Pavlova S.A. Methods of preparing for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language: reasoning algorithms when choosing the right answer. - M .: Education, 2009.- 192s - ISBN 978-5-09-017011-6.
• Svetlysheva V.N. Handbook for high school students and university applicants / V.N. Svetlysheva. — M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2011 — ISBN 978-5-94776-742-1.

The Russian language has huge amount speech capabilities, for example, allowing you to replace meaningful words others, without changing the meaning, but giving the story greater dynamism and diversity. What are pronouns and what is their role in the language?

An independent role among the parts of speech is assigned. pronominal words refer to objects without specifying their names, characterize the quantity, circumstantial moments and signs of these active objects. The pronoun as a part of speech therefore has a generalized lexical concept.

In contact with

Classification and distinctive features

There are a lot of pronominal words, they differ in categories, functions and meanings. The table of pronouns will help you figure it out:

Transition to other parts of speech

Pronouns have a substitutive meaning in the text of sentences - they are used, replacing other parts of speech, or pass into them.

Syntactic features in sentences

Pronominal words can take in parsing suggestions any place other than the predicate. So, personal pronouns of the 3rd person play the role of the subject. The defining feature is which of the parts of speech in this case is replaced by such a pronoun in the text.

Important! In order to correctly determine the role of which member of the sentence the pronoun will play, it is necessary to correctly pose a question to it.

The subject or nominal part of the predicate are usually pronouns-nouns, sometimes pronoun adjectives.

We are going to the theatre. Who has read this play? Something will happen soon. On the exam, some passed the test successfully.

All categories of pronouns can be additions: Relatives came to me. You won't be able to tell everything. You have beautiful clothes on.

As definitions adjectives stand out(definitive pronouns, possessive pronouns, interrogative, indefinite, demonstrative). I'll take my friends for a walk. For some time now I have ceased to trust him. No difficulty will change our plans.

The circumstance as a member of the sentence contains questions: where from?, why?, how? There is no specific distinction as to whether the pronoun in this case is a circumstance or an addition. Both variants considered correct:

Your teacher is giving you a headache. It was fun with him.

Grammar of correct spelling

To write pronominal words with various prepositions, particles, there are certain rules. Use with prepositions and other words can be merged, separate or with a hyphen. Not with pronouns - an important topic that requires careful study.

How negative pronouns are written and how to distinguish an indefinite pronoun:

Spelling with prefixes "not" and "neither":

• In the absence of a preposition between the prefixes and the root “not” and “neither”, it is written together: there is no one to ask, someone else, no one is visible, several years, something interesting.
• With a preposition before the root, it is written separately: nothing to complain about, does not apply to anything, not with any passerby, did not play with anyone, there is no one to try for.
• When using “not” in the meaning of negation, everything must be written separately: we didn’t do it, we didn’t come ourselves, we didn’t come here, it doesn’t concern everyone.

Learning pronouns

Important! It should be remembered: for nothing, for nothing, for nothing, for nothing.

Together, separately or through a hyphen

• In the case when in a phrase the pronoun is replaced without loss of meaning by another part of speech or is completely excluded from it, they are written separately with a preposition: behind that turn - around the turn - behind a sharp turn; along this route - along the route - along a difficult route.
• At merging a preposition and any sign pronouns-adverbs are formed that write together: then pour water, be therefore, therefore he did not answer, because it matters.
• With the prefix “something” or the postfixes “-or” and “-something”, it is correct to write with a hyphen: somehow leaves, someone brought, somewhere located, somewhere located.

Pronouns in Russian

Types of pronouns, lesson

Conclusion

There are a lot of pronouns in Russian, and their types are quite diverse. No other language gives such a role to this part of speech. They differ in their functions in speech and roles in syntax and grammar. The ability to replace other members of speech without losing meaning allows you to compose a competent and logically correct sentence and add variety to the text.

1. Pronoun- an independent part of speech that indicates objects, signs, quantity, but does not name them.

For pronouns, you can ask questions of nouns (who? what?), adjectives (which one? whose?), numerals (how much?), adverbs (how? when? where?).

The main features of pronouns

2. Ranks of pronouns in relation to other parts of speech:

1. Noun pronouns - me, you, we, you, he, who, what, someone, nobody, yourself and etc.:

• point to things;
• answer the questions of nouns ( who? what?);
• change in cases;
• are associated with other words in a sentence, like nouns;

2. Pronouns-adjectives - mine, yours, ours, yours, what, some, this, that and etc.:

• indicate signs of objects;
• answer the questions of adjectives ( which one? whose?);
• associated with nouns, like adjectives;
• change, like adjectives, by number, gender (in the singular) and cases.

  A pronoun that is adjacent to pronouns-adjectives (it changes by gender, number and case), but, as an ordinal number, indicates the order of objects when counting (cf .: - What time is it now? - Fifth);

3. Pronouns-numerals - how many, how many, several:

• indicate the number of items;
• answer the question (how much?);
• associated with nouns as cardinal numbers;
• usually change in cases;

4. Pronouns-adverbs - so, there, because, where, where and etc.:

• indicate signs of action;
• answer adverb questions as? where? when? where? why? why?);
• do not change, like adverbs;
• associated with verbs in the same way as adverbs.

Notes. Traditionally, pronouns-adverbs are excluded from the composition of pronouns. In this case, the composition of pronouns includes only those words that correspond to the nominal parts of speech (with nouns, adjectives, numerals). But since pronominal adverbs are there, then others, like other pronominal words, do not name, but only indicate (in this case, signs of actions), we consider them as a special group as part of pronouns.

3. Ranks of pronouns by meaning and grammatical features:

1. Personal pronouns: I, you, we, you, he (she, it, they) - indicate the persons who are involved in the speech:

• these are noun pronouns;
• a constant morphological feature for all personal pronouns is a person (I, we - 1st l.; you, you - 2nd l.; he (she, it, they) - 3rd l.);
• a constant morphological feature of personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd l. is a number (I, you are singular; we, you are plural);
• all personal pronouns change by case, and not only the ending changes, but the whole word ( I - me, you - you, he - his);
• 3rd person pronoun he changes by number and gender (singular) - he, she, it, they.

2. reflexive pronoun self - means that the action performed by someone is directed at the actor himself:

• it is a pronoun-noun;
• the reflexive pronoun has no gender, person, number and nominative form;
• the reflexive pronoun changes in cases ( yourself, yourself, yourself).

3. Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, ours, yours- indicate the sign of the object by its belonging:

• these are adjective pronouns;
• possessive pronouns change by number, gender (in the singular), cases ( my, my, my, my, my etc.).

When indicating belonging to a third person, frozen forms of the genitive case of personal pronouns are used - his, her, them.

4. Interrogative pronouns: who? what? which? whose? which the? How many? where? when? where? where? why? etc. - are used in interrogative sentences:

• who? what? - pronouns-nouns; have no gender, person, number; change in cases ( who, who, what, what etc.);
• which? whose? which the? what, what, what, what, what etc.);
• How many? - pronoun-numeral; changes in cases ( how many, how many, how many etc.);
• where? when? where? where? why?

5. Relative pronouns match with interrogative who, what, which, whose, which, how much, where, when, where, from where, why etc., but are used not as interrogative words, but as allied words in subordinate clauses:

I know who is to blame for our failure; I know how much effort he put into this task; I know where the money is hidden.

Morphological and syntactic characteristics of relative pronouns are the same as for interrogative pronouns.

6. Indefinite pronouns: someone, something, some, some, someone, some, several, some, somewhere, sometime etc. - indicate indefinite, unknown objects, signs, quantity.

Indefinite pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns using the prefixes non-, some- and postfixes something, something, something:

who → someone, someone, someone, someone, someone, someone; how much → several, how many, how many; where → somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere.

The morphological and syntactic characteristics of indefinite pronouns are the same as for interrogative pronouns, from which indefinite pronouns are formed.

7. Negative pronouns: no one, nothing, none, no one, not at all, nowhere, never, nowhere, no reason etc. - indicate the absence of objects, signs, quantities.

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns with the help of prefixes not-, nor-:

who → nobody, how much → not at all, where → nowhere, when → never.

The morphological and syntactic characteristics of negative pronouns are the same as those of interrogative pronouns, from which negative pronouns are formed.

8. Demonstrative pronouns: that, this, this, this, such, so much, there, here, here, there, here, from there, from here, then, therefore, then etc. - are a means of indicating certain objects, signs, quantity (with a distinction between one and the other):

• that, this, this, that, such- pronouns are adjectives and change in numbers, genders (in the singular), cases ( that, that, that, those; such, such, such, such etc.);
• so much - pronoun-numeral; changes in cases ( so many, so many, so many etc.);
• there, here, here, there, here, from there, from here, then, therefore, then and others - pronominal adverbs; immutable words.

9. Definitive pronouns: himself, most, all, everyone, each, other, other, any, everywhere, everywhere, always etc. - serve as a means of clarifying the subject, the sign in question:

• himself, most, all, everyone, each, other, other, any- pronouns are adjectives and change in numbers, genders (in the singular), cases ( every, every, every, every, every etc.);
• everywhere, everywhere, always- pronominal adverbs; immutable words.

Note!

1) Pronouns that, himself, pronouns this, all in the singular, neuter gender (this, everything) and some others in certain contexts can act as pronouns-nouns, like substantiated adjectives ( That we are no longer dangerous; Myself will come; it book ; Everything ended well).

2) Some pronouns have homonyms among service units speech ( it's what, how, when): It book(pronoun). - Moscow is the capital of Russia(indicative particle); I know what to say to him(pronoun). - I know that he is here(union).

3. Morphological analysis of pronouns:

Plan for parsing pronouns

pronoun parsing patterns

Imagine the joy of some botanist who unexpectedly finds himself on a desert island, where no human foot has set foot before and where he can enrich his collection with all sorts of outlandish representatives of the flora.(N.S. Valgina).

(Imagine) yourself

1. to whom?
2. N. f. - myself. Morphological features:
   
   2) returnable;
   B) Variable morphological features: used in the form of the dative case.
3. The offer is an addendum.

some (botany)

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - some. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   2) indefinite;
   B) Variable morphological features: used in the singular form, male, genitive case.

which the

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the questions which the? which? who?
2. N. f. - which the. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adjective;
   2) relative;
   
3. In a sentence, the subject.

where

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question where?
2. N. f. - where. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adverb;
   2) relative;
   B) Immutable form.
3. In a sentence, an adverb of place.

(before) these (since)

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - this. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adjective;
   2) index;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the plural, genitive case.
3. In a sentence - part of the adverbial tense.

draw (leg)

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question whose?
2. N. f. - nobody's. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adjective;
   2) negative;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the singular, feminine, nominative case.
3. The proposal contains an agreed definition.

he

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question who?
2. N. f. - he. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-noun;
   2) personal;
   3) 3rd person;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the singular, masculine, nominative case.
3. In a sentence, the subject.

my (collection)

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question whose?
2. N. f. - mine. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adjective;
   2) possessive;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the singular, feminine, accusative.
3. The proposal contains an agreed definition.

all sorts (representatives)

1. Pronoun, indicates an object, sign, quantity, without naming them; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - any. Morphological features:
   A) Permanent morphological features:
   1) pronoun-adjective;
   2) definitive;
   B) Non-permanent morphological features: used in the plural form, instrumental case.
3. The proposal contains an agreed definition.

Exercise for the topic “3.6.1. The concept of a place. Classes of pronouns. Morphological analysis of pronouns»

The book outlines in a concise and accessible form the necessary reference material for all types of analysis in the Russian language lessons for the course elementary school, many schemes and samples of grammatical analysis are presented.

, interrogative, relative, index, defining, negative, mutual and indefinite.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to the person in question. Pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person designate the participants in the speech ( I, you, we, you). 3rd person pronouns indicate a person or persons not taking part in the speech ( he, she is, it, they).

In some languages ​​there is also an indefinite personal pronoun that replaces an arbitrary subject regardless of gender - for example, fr. on and German. man.

reflexive pronoun

Transfers the value of the direction of the action to the subject of the action ( I see myself in the mirror).

Declines in cases:

• myself ( rd. , int. cases), yourself ( dt. , etc.), oneself, oneself ( tv.).

Literature

• Pronoun//Russian language. - " Printhouse ": Astrel Publishing House, 2003. - S. 3. ISBN 5-271-06781-5

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See what "Pronoun" is in other dictionaries:

PRONOUN- PRONOUN, pronouns, cf. (gram.). The name of one of the parts of speech is a word that in itself does not mean a specific object or number (unlike the name noun, adj., num.), but acquires such a meaning depending on the given speech (lit. ... ... Dictionary Ushakov

PRONOUN- PRONOUN, part of speech is a class of words that indicate a person, object or feature without naming them (he, that, such, etc.). By value, categories of pronouns are distinguished, for example, in Russian, personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

PRONOUN- part of speech is a class of words that indicate an object (person) or feature without naming it (he, this, such, etc.). The categories of pronouns are distinguished by meaning, for example. in Russian personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PRONOUN- PRONOUN, I, cf. In grammar: a word (noun, adjective, numeral or adverb) in a sentence that indicates an object or attribute and replaces the corresponding significant names and adverbs. Personal, reflexive, index ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Pronoun- PRONOUN (lat. pronomen). M mi naz. such nouns (see) and adjectives (see), which are not the names of independent objects or certain features of objects, regardless of this speech, but only indicate ... ... Dictionary of literary terms