Complicated with homogeneous subordination of adnexal exercises. NGN with multiple clauses

Goals:

• Educational: deepen knowledge about a complex sentence - constructions with several types of subordinate clauses; to master the concept of heterogeneous, consistent, homogeneous subordination, combined subordination; learn to see the structure and reproduce sentence patterns;
• Educational: improving punctuation skills, practical skills in analyzing a complex sentence, developing skills in using a complex sentence in speech, the ability to construct a complex sentence;
• educators: to continue the formation of habits for work, independent assimilation of the material; the ability to work in pairs, evaluate the work of a classmate; enrich students' vocabulary with moral vocabulary; encourage students to think about the direction of the individual.

Lesson setup: organization of the educational process in order to ensure the achievement of all students basic level on the topic, creating conditions for mastering the material at a higher level for a certain group of students.

Form for the lesson: poster "Studying a complex sentence" (tasks, practical skills in studying the topic are defined); didactic material - cards for individual and group work.

During the classes

1. Organization of students for the lesson. Goals and objectives of the lesson; making notes in the workbook.

Teacher's word:

We continue to study the topic "Complex Subordinate Sentence". Lesson objectives: to deepen knowledge of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses. We worked practically on this big topic in previous lessons, at home you worked out the theoretical material on the topic (209, Textbook by V.V.

So, a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, the nature of subordination, types of subordination; we develop practical skills and abilities to hear, see and graphically reproduce the sentence structure; along the way, we will repeat the material on the analysis, the syntactic characteristics of a complex sentence.

2. Implementation homework. Condensed Poll:

a) 4 students work with cards of an individual task at the blackboard (cards No. 1, 2, 3, 4 -<Attachment 1 >)

b) The class works in pairs. Task: a survey - speaking out the studied theoretical material on the topic of the lesson (Paragraph 209 of the study guide), draw, explain the graphic diagrams of a complex sentence with different types of subordination.

Control is carried out by students, the children give each other grades, then they pass the sheets of grades to the teacher. The teacher controls the survey, then draws the attention of the students of the class to the board - sentence patterns of card No. 2.

Let's check ourselves if we can determine by ear the type of subordination, the structure of the sentence, the type of the subordinate clause; examples of cards number 1, 3, 4.

Conclusions on checking homework and repetition prepare students for the next type of work.

3. Graphic dictation.

1. I saw how the stars began to fog up and lose their radiance, how coolness swept over the earth with a light sigh.

Homogeneous subordination with additional clauses (explanatory).

2. When our boat headed from the frigate to the shore, we saw that women and children rushed to run from the village.

Heterogeneous subordination with adverbial clauses (of time) and additional.

3. For a long time it was heard how he walked to where the light was shining.

Sequential subordination with additional clauses (I st.), adverbial - places (II st.)

4. In the silence, it was distinctly heard how a man groaned and how hard the crust crunched under the feet of a bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual rumble and crackle.

Combined submission with homogeneous and consistent submission.

Control of this type of work: schemes of dictated sentences are pre-drawn on the back of the board. Children change notebooks, checking each other's sentence schemes, comparing them with the schemes written on the board, and mark each other for graphic dictation. Then the teacher asks to comment on the schemes drawn up, paying attention to the fourth scheme with a combined type of subordination and the absence of a comma before the union AND with homogeneous subordination.

The work is summed up:

We worked with individual sentences, learned to analyze the structure of sentences by ear, and reproduce it graphically. The next type of work is with text. We work in two groups. On the tables of the students, cards with the text and the task for it are laid out in advance (Option "A" and "B").

4. Working with text(Option "A" and "B" -<Annex 2 >).

• Tasks No. 1, 2, 3 are performed orally.
• Task number 4 - in writing.

Control: at the end of the work, we listen to the answers of the students of group "A", then group "B"

Conclusions on work related to text analysis (complex text analysis). We especially emphasize the conclusions on the material studied in the lesson - a complex sentence with several types of subordinate clauses.

5. The next type of work associated with the ability to use complex sentences in speech, the ability to construct them; at the same time, the skill is worked out in the ability to put punctuation marks, highlight the semantic parts of sentences, and read them expressively.

So, the development of speech. We work in groups No. 1, 2, 3. We find task cards "Speech development"<Appendix 3>. At the end of the work with the card, we listen to the answers of the students from the groups. The teacher necessarily draws the attention of children to the semantic side of the text in any kind of work on the topic.

Conclusions: complex sentences with several subordinate clauses enrich our speech, make it brighter, more figurative, more evident. Let us pay attention to the fact that complex sentences are used in reasoning in journalistic texts.

6. Independent work with text in two versions (task cards for independent work and homework - options "A" and "B" -<Appendix 4 >)

It is proposed, while performing independent work on the text, to observe the use of complex sentences in art style speech.

Students who have not completed the work in the lesson take it as homework and hand it over to the next lesson.

7. The results of the lesson. Students sum up the lesson, say what they learned in the lesson, what they learned.

The teacher summarizes the conclusions, comments on the marks given for the lesson (all students received marks for theoretical material and practical work, for independent work - after checking it in the next lesson)

Yufereva Xenia

This presentation can be used when repeating the topic "Complex sentences" in both the 9th and 11th grades.

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The content of the presentation
1. The concept of complex sentences 2. Main types subordinate clauses 3. How to learn to distinguish between different types of subordinate clauses? 4. Training exercises
The concept of complex sentences
Complex sentences are complex sentences, parts of which are unequal: one depends on the other. They are connected by subordinating syntactic link, expressed by subordinating allied means: subordinating unions and allied words.Commonly used is the designation of complex sentences - SPP. The independent part of the SPP is the main one. It is called the main clause. The dependent part of the NGN is the subordinate one. It's called a subordinate clause.
Main types of NGN
There are three main types of subordinate clauses: attributive, explanatory and adverbial; the latter, in turn, are divided into several types.
How to learn to distinguish between different types of subordinate clauses?
To determine the type of a subordinate clause, three interrelated features must be taken into account: 1) a question that can be asked from the main clause to the subordinate clause; 2) the conditional or non-verbal nature of the subordinate clause; 3) a means of communication of the subordinate with the main.
Main types of subordinate clauses
Clauses: 1. Defining 2. Pronouns-defining 3. Explanatory 4. Circumstantial: a) Mode of action b) Image of degree c) Image of time d) Image of place d) Conditional e) Reasons g) Purposes h) Comparative and) Concessive
Clauses
Like the definitions in simple sentence, definitive clauses express a sign of an object, but, unlike most definitions, they often characterize an object not directly, but indirectly - through a situation that is somehow connected with the object. In connection with general meaning As a sign of an object, attributive clauses depend on the noun (or on the word in the meaning of the noun) in the main clause and answer the question what? They join the main thing only with allied words - relative pronouns (which, what, whose, what) and pronominal adverbs (where, where, where, when). In a subordinate clause, allied words replace that noun from the main one on which the subordinate clause depends.
The village where (in which) Eugene was bored was a lovely corner ... (A. Pushkin) - [n., (where),]. I remembered today the dog that (which) was my youth friend (S. Yesenin) - [n.], (what). Sometimes at night in the city desert there is one hour, imbued with longing, when (in which) the night has descended on the whole city ... (F. Tyutchev) - [n.], (when). In the main sentence, there are often demonstrative words like this, for example: It was that famous artist whom she saw on stage last year (Yu. Herman) - [uk.sl. that - n.], (which).
Pronoun-defining clauses
In terms of meaning, pronominal-defining clauses are close to relative clauses. They differ from the proper attributive clauses in that they do not refer to the noun in the main clause, but to the pronoun (that, everyone, all, etc.) used in the meaning of the noun, for example: 1) [Total, (which Eugene knew), I don’t have time to retell) (A. Pushkin) - [local, (what),]. 2) [Not that (what you think), nature] ... (F. Tyutchev) - [local, (what),].
Like the definitive clauses, the pronominal-definitive clauses reveal the attribute of the subject (therefore, it is better to ask them which question too?) And join the main sentence with the help of allied words (the main allied words are who and what). Compare: [That person, ( who came yesterday), did not appear today] - attributive clause. [indicative + noun, (who),]. [The one (who came yesterday), did not appear today] - adjective pronoun-determinant. [local, (who),]. Unlike proper definitive clauses, which always come after the noun they refer to, pronominal clauses can also appear before the word being defined, for example: (Who lived and thought), [ he cannot but despise people in his soul] ... (A. Pushkin) - (who), [loc. ].
Clauses of explanatory
Subordinate explanatory clauses answer case questions and refer to a member of the main sentence that needs semantic expansion (addition, explanation). This member of the sentence is expressed by a word that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception. Most often, these are verbs. Subordinate explanatory clauses are attached to the word being explained in three ways: 1) with the help of unions what, like, as if, so that, when, etc .; 2) with the help of any allied words; 3) with the help of a particle union. [She is dreaming], (as if she were walking along a snowy meadow, surrounded by sad mist) (A. Pushkin) - [vb], (as if). [I asked the cuckoo], (how many years I will live) ... (A. Akhmatova) - [vb.], (how much). [Both really wanted to know (whether the father brought the promised ice) (L. Kassil) - [vb. ).
Adventitious mode of action and degree
Adventitious modes of action and degrees characterize the way the action is performed or the degree of manifestation of a qualitative trait and answer the questions how? how? in what degree? how much? They depend on the word that performs the function of an adverbial mode of action or degree in the main clause. These subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause in two ways: 1) with the help of allied words like, how much, how much; 2) with the help of unions what, to, as if, exactly, as if, as if. so], (like) (subordinate modus operandi). 2) [The old woman wanted to repeat her story as much], (as much as I listen to him) (A. Herzen) - [v. (subordinate degree).
adnexal places
Adverbial places indicate the place or direction of action and answer the questions where? where? where? They depend on the whole main clause or on the circumstance of the place in it, pronounced by the adverb(there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere, etc.), and join the main sentence with the help of allied words where, where, from where. For example: 1) [Walk the free road], (where the free mind leads you) ... (A. Pushkin) -, (where). 2) [He wrote everywhere], (where he was thirsty to write) (K. Paustovsky ) - [nar.], (where). 3) (Where the river went), [there will be a channel] (proverb) - (where), [uk.sl. there ].
Adventitious time
The clauses of time indicate the time of the action or manifestation of the sign, which is referred to in the main sentence. When do they answer questions? how long? since when? until when ?, depend on the entire main sentence and join it with temporary unions when, until, as soon as, barely, before, while, until, since, suddenly, etc. For example: 1 ) [When the count returned], (Natasha impolitely rejoiced at him and hurried to leave) (L. Tolstoy). In the main sentence there can be demonstrative words then, until then, after that, etc., as well as the second component of the union (then). If in the main clause there is a demonstrative word then, then when in the subordinate clause is a union word. For example: 1) [I sit until] (until I start to feel hungry) (D. Kharms) - [uk.sl. until).
Subordinate conditions
Subordinate conditions indicate the conditions for the implementation of what is said in the main sentence. They answer the question under what condition ?, refer to the entire main clause and join it with the help of unions if, if ... then, when (= if), when ... then, if, as soon as, once, in case if etc. For example: 1) (If I get sick), [I won’t go to the doctors] ... (Ya. Smelyakov) - (if), .2) (Since we started talking), [it’s better to finish everything before end] (A. Kuprin) - (times), [then].
Adventitious targets
Purpose clauses indicate the purpose of what is being said in the main clause. They refer to the entire main sentence, answer the questions why? for what purpose? for what? and join the main thing with the help of unions so that (so that), in order to, so that, then so that (obsolete), etc. For example: 1) [I woke Pashka], (so that he does not fall off the road) (A. Chekhov) -, (to); 2) [He used all his eloquence], (in order to turn Akulina away from her intentions) (A. Pushkin) -, (to); 3) (In order to be happy), [one must not only love, but also be loved] (K. Paustovsky) - (in order to), ;
Adnexal causes
Subordinate clauses of reason reveal (designate) the reason for what is said in the main clause. Do they answer why? for what reason? why ?, refer to the entire main sentence and join it with the help of unions because, because, since, because, because, then what, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc. For example: 1) [ I send her all the tears as a gift], (because I won’t live to see the wedding) (I. Brodsky) -, (because) 2) [All work is important], (because it ennobles a person) (L. Tolstoy) -, (because ).3) (Due to the fact that we staged new plays every day), [our theater was quite willingly visited] (A. Kuprin) - (due to the fact that),.
Comparative clauses
1. Questions: comparative clauses answer the questions: how? like what? However, it is not always possible to ask exactly these questions to the comparative clause. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to their means of communication.2. Means of communication: comparative clauses are attached to the main clause with conjunctions: as, as if, as if, as if, like as, that (in the meaning of "as"), as if, anyway, just like, just like, than, rather than, than if, than ... so, etc. Complex sentences with comparative conjunctions in the main clause can have demonstrative words with the meaning of measure and degree: The wind tore the overcoat as [how?], as if it wanted to tear it in two (Telpugov). Such clauses combine the meaning of comparison with the meaning of mode of action and degree. In a number of manuals, they are classified as subordinate modes of action and degree.
Adventitious concessions
1. Questions: Do subordinate concessions answer questions no matter what? contrary to what? 2. Means of communication: subordinate concessions are attached to the main clause with the help of: unions: although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, let (in the meaning of “although”), let (in the meaning of “although”), even though (in the meaning of “ although"), etc.; allied words: how, how much, what, where, where, who, etc. - with the obligatory particle neither.3. Place in the sentence: subordinate concessions can come after the main clause, before the main clause, in the middle of the main clause. For example: It was already quite warm [despite what?], although there was loose, heavy snow all around (Semushkin). , (although it is a union).
Training exercises
Exercise 1. Specify the type of subordinate clause and place commas. Highlight the main and subordinate clause. 1) The offensive proceeded as it was planned at the headquarters. 2) The polar summer flashed by like it never happened. 3) I went deep woodland until I heard the noise of the engine. 4) Most often, of course, I returned to where the girl was sitting. 5) No matter how the girls around white light everything becomes sweet in their mouths.
Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordinate clause.1. I hate you because your success prevents you from coming to me. _______________2. If she doesn't come, I'll set fire to her mill. _______________3. Something amazing happens in nature that pays for all the inconveniences of life with its poetry. _______________four. If I gave up literature and became a gardener, that would be very good. _______________5. When he settled in a manor near Moscow, his house became like a hotel. ______________6. He called everyone to him as if he needed him to death. ____________________7. It is hard to believe that all these crowds of people swarming in Chekhov's books were created by one person. __________________eight. And just as friendly he met with all the editors with whom he happened to be published. _________________9. The laughter was not at all unreasonable, because Chekhov was its cause. ________________ten. Since until recently Chekhov's sister was a student, she was in awe of her beloved professor. ________________
check yourself
Exercise 1. [The attack went like this], (as it was foreseen at the headquarters) - the mode of action [The polar summer flashed by], (as it never happened). – mode of action [I walked deep into the forest] (until I heard the noise of the motor). - time [Most often I returned, of course, there], (where the girl was sitting). - place (No matter how the girls all over the world say), [everything becomes sweet in their mouths]. - concessive
Exercise 2.1. I hate you because your success prevents you from coming to me. 2. If she does not come, I will set fire to her mill. 3. Something amazing happens in nature that pays for all the inconveniences of life with its poetry. 4. If I gave up literature, became a gardener, it would be very good. 5. When he settled in a manor near Moscow, his house became like a hotel. 6. He called everyone to him as if he needed him to death. 7. I can't believe that all these crowds of people swarming in Chekhov's books were created by one person. 8. And just as friendly he met with all the editors with whom he happened to be published. 9. The laughter was not at all unreasonable, because Chekhov was its cause. 10. Since until recently Chekhov's sister was a student, she was in awe of her beloved professor.
pronominal-defining
Condition
Condition
Time
Comparative
Explanatory
definitive
Cause
Cause

Analysis of the tasks of the OGE on the topic "SPP with several subordinate clauses"

(Cards with tasks are on each desk)

1. Among sentences 37 - 44, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Give the number of this offer.

(37) And a heavenly body flew across the sky of the planetarium - the sun, giving life to everything. (38) It passed through the toy sky, over the toy Moscow, and the sun itself was a toy. (39) Here it rolled behind the teeth of the houses, the hall plunged into darkness. (40) It was hot. (41) Lina waved a newspaper near her face, thought about how long she would be in this stuffy room?

(42) And suddenly the dome over it bloomed with countless stars. (43) The same stars that she used to see since she learned to see. (44) And from somewhere from the heights illuminated by starlight, growing, expanding and stronger, music poured out, filling the soul with some special joy.

2. Among sentences 13 - 18, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(13) Cities are piles of ruins, roads from bombings are like a saw, and radioactive fields glow at night ... (14) So tell me, what is this, if not the last meanness? .. (15) No joy for you, except for these our holidays. ..(16) The boy mentally went over the holidays in which he participated for last years. (17) I remembered how everyone tore books, lit fires from them in the square and laughed like drunks. (18) And the “triumph” of science a month ago, when the last car was dragged into the city, when lots were cast and the lucky ones could hit the car with a sledgehammer once! ..

3. Among sentences 1 - 6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(1) Along the road, in twos and threes, people lined up, who were lured to the city by a holiday and a market day.

(2) The boy fixed his eyes on where the line disappeared behind the stone wall collapsed by the explosion.

(3) “They say she smiles,” said the boy. - (4) They say it is made of paint and canvas and is four hundred years old.

(5) - For that matter, no one knows what year it is, - someone said.

(6) - Two thousand and sixty-one! - responded from the queue.

4. Among sentences 38 - 44, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(38) Suddenly, the rider announced that the authorities had decided at noon to transfer the portrait in the square into the hands of the local residents so that they could take part in the destruction ...

(39) The boy did not even have time to gasp, as the crowd, shouting, pushing, rushing about, carried him to the picture. (40) The sharp sound of a tearing canvas ... (41) The crowd howled, and hands pecked at the portrait like hungry birds. (42) The boy felt like he was literally thrown through the broken frame. (43) Blindly imitating the rest, he stretched out his hand, grabbed a piece of glossy canvas, pulled and fell, and pushes, and kicks, and blows kicked him out of the crowd to freedom. (44) All in abrasions, torn clothes, with a bruised elbow, he watched how old women with burning eyes chewed pieces of canvas with their toothless mouths, how men broke a gilded frame, gave hard rags with their feet, tore them into small, small shreds.

5. Among sentences 31 - 36, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(31) And then Vasya again began to appear to me as someone like a wizard from a fairy tale, and not a lonely cripple that no one cares about. (32) I was so staring, so overheard that I shuddered when Vasya suddenly spoke:

(33) - This music was written by a man who was deprived of the most precious thing.

(34) Vasya thought aloud, without ceasing to play:

(35) - If a person has no mother, no father, but has a homeland, he is not yet an orphan. (36) Everything passes: love, regret for it, the bitterness of loss, even the pain from wounds - but the longing for the homeland never, never goes away ...

6. Among sentences 42 - 53, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(42) For a long time there has been no composer in the world, but his pain, his longing, love for his native land, which no one could take away, are still alive.

(43) Vasya fell silent, the violin spoke, the violin sang, the violin died out. (44) Her voice became quieter and quieter, it stretched out in the dark with a thin, light cobweb. (45) The web trembled, swayed and almost soundlessly broke off.

(46) I removed my hand from my throat and exhaled the breath that I held with my chest, with my hand, because I was afraid to break off the bright cobweb. (47) But still, she broke off. (48) The stove went out. (49) Layering, coals fell asleep in it. (50) Vasya is not visible. (51) The violin is not heard.

(52) - Go home, otherwise your grandmother will worry.

(53) I got up from the threshold and, if I had not grabbed a wooden bracket, I would have fallen.

7. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with heterogeneous subordinate parts. Write the number of this offer.

1) Mom, mom! 2) I remember your hands from the moment I became aware of myself in the world. 3) Over the summer, they were always covered with a tan, he no longer departed in the winter - he was so gentle, even, only a little darker on the veins. 4) Or maybe they were rougher, your hands - after all, they had so much work in life - but they always seemed so tender to me, and I loved kissing them right on the dark veins.

5) Yes, from the very moment when I became aware of myself, and until the last minute, when you are exhausted, quietly, in last time laid her head on my chest, seeing me off on a difficult path of life, I always remember your hands at work.

8. Among these sentences, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses:

14) And Semyon Grigorievich asked the deacon from Belgorod on what conditions he could accept Misha as an apprentice and how much it would cost.

15) Letters in those days went for a long time, especially in autumn time.

16) And so that during a long correspondence the son would not get spoiled, Semyon Grigorievich ordered: “You will again go to school every day to Nikita Mikhailovich, keep your backsides ...”

9. Among sentences 19-24, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.

(19) People listened carefully, and there were already a lot of crumpled pieces of paper in the violin case.

(20) Kintel had only money in his pocket, which his grandfather gave and which could only be spent on potatoes. (21) And if he had his own money - at least a hundred rubles! - he would immediately put them in a case, at the girl's feet. (22) Although ... would he dare? (23) Everyone would immediately begin to look at him. (24) And she would have looked - at the awkward, shorn by a prisoner hedgehog, in a wrinkled, knotted shirt on the belly ...

10. Among sentences 6 - 7, find a complex sentence with a serial connection. Write the number of this offer.

(6) You already know what awaits around the corner, because you lost count of them, but you can’t order your heart, and it freezes in your chest again and again, and you stubbornly hope to have time to understand, think out, write. (7) But you can’t return anything, and unsolved thoughts, unwritten novels and unmet meetings that are still hovering around like a ghostly swarm, are already for others.

Test on the topic "Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses"

1. In which complex sentence is there homogeneous subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?

1) He gently kissed his wife and went into the room where his paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of life.
2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how rowers are exhausted, struggling with the current.
3) One could hear the Neva splashing uneasily nearby and a wet flag humming somewhere above the rooftops.
4) When this conversation was going on, in the next room there was a rural miller, whom Ivan Kolymet called to Kurbsky's estate to grind grain.

2. In which complex sentence is there consistent subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?

1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where a person with meager knowledge will never find it.
2) Savrasov looked to us from another world, where giant sorcerers live and from where it is impossible to leave with impunity for a long time.
3) It began to slightly press on the whiskey, as it presses on the head when you circle for a long time on a carousel.
4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along impassable portages and swamps, and wolves drag in packs.

3. With the help of what sign are homogeneous subordinate clauses separated in the structure of a complex sentence?

It was that pre-night hour when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased, when daylight is still confused, inextricably linked, with night(M. Sholokhov).

1.Comma.
2. Semicolon, since homogeneous clauses are common: yes homogeneous members and isolated turnover.

4. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?

I don't know if the grace will touch My painfully sinful soul, Will it succeed in resurrecting and rising. Will spiritual fainting go away?(F. Tyutchev).

1. Homogeneous subordination.
2. Heterogeneous subordination.

5. Do I need a comma at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? How many commas should be in this sentence?

Fedor expected that when he saw not a reproduction, but a canvas that Surikov’s hand touched, he should deafen him, take his breath, then he should dream at night(V. Tendryakov).

1. A comma is needed; just seven commas.
2. No comma needed; just six commas.

6. In which complex sentence between the main and subordinate clauses is heterogeneous (parallel) subordination?

1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only knew consistently, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light that was centered in his mind.
2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.
3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecutions he subjected the first Christians to.
4) It is not known whether the yacht was built before Peter's first arrival by Bazhenin, or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.

7. Explain the placement of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.

But for the villages to fall,
So that the fields are empty -
We are blessed
The king of heaven gave hardly!(A. K. Tolstoy).

1. A comma separates subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous clauses from the main clause.
2. A comma separates the subordinate clauses of the sentence, and a dash separates the homogeneous clauses in front of the main part, since when reading between them, a significant pause is made (for the purpose of intonational emphasis on the clauses).

8. Determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence.

At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go around, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater.(N. Gogol).

1. Heterogeneous subordination.
2. Consistent submission.

9. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of and what type of subordination is presented in it?

The next day Sanin was still in bed, as Emil was already, in party dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, rushed into his room and announced that Herr Klüber would arrive in a moment with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing, that everything was already ready for them, but that mother would not go because she was sick again head (I. Turgenev).

1. The proposal contains eight parts; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
2. The proposal contains seven parts; mixed subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.

10. Determine the types of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?

And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carried a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for chopping hooves and dry bunches of St. John's wort grass (V. Belov).

1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: joins the main part adnexa purpose and adjectival attributive part.
2. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the subordinate clause of the goal and the clause of the place are attached to the main part.

11. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with a subordinate relationship. Set the method of connection between the subordinate and main parts, name the type of subordinate.

Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov.(M. Gromov).

1. The subordinate part of the cause is attached to the main part by means of a semantic causal union because; the subordinate explanatory clause is attached to the main part through the functional union what; the polynomial presents a heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

2. A sentence with consistent subordination of subordinate clauses; the subordinate part of the cause is attached to the main part with a semantic causal union since; the subordinate explanatory clause is attached to the main part with a functional union that.

12. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Explain why only one comma is used in the sentence.

When winter came and the garden and the house were covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night(A. N. Tolstoy).

1. A sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. A sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

13. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts, set their number. Determine the nature of the relationship between them.

At times, Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would one day appear in the world, and in advance created her a portrait in bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain untouched underground for centuries.(V. Bryusov).

1. The proposal consists of four parts, connected by mixed subordination.
2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected by a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

14. Name the type of subordinate clauses, set the method of connection between the subordinate and main parts.

The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o'clock, until some force was found that lifted it up.(V. Rasputin).

1. Offer with mixed submission; the clause of time is attached to the main part with a semantic temporary union until, the attributive clause is attached to the main part with the allied word which.

2. Offer with consistent submission; the clause of time is attached to the main part with a semantic temporary union until, the attributive clause is attached to the main part with the allied word which.

15. How many commas should be put in complex sentence with multiple adjectives? Name the type of subordination of subordinate parts to the main one.

In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that she would walk at will and so that she would feel better.(A. Platonov).

1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.

16. Do I need a comma at the junction of two unions - coordinating and subordinating? How many commas should be included in this complex sentence?

That night, Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he only shrugged his shoulders.(P. Proskurin).

1. No comma needed; two commas.
2. A comma is needed; three commas.
3. A comma is needed; five commas.

17. Determine the type of subordination in a complex sentence. Do I need a comma before the union And?

When burdocks rustle in the ravine
And a bunch of yellow-red rowan droops,
I compose funny poems
About life perishable, perishable and beautiful(A. Akhmatova).

1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.
2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; no comma needed

Keys

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COMPLEX SENTENCES

WITH MULTIPLE RELATIONSHIPS

A complex sentence of minimal type consists of two predicative parts: one main and one subordinate clause. However, in Russian speech (first of all, in scientific, official and business speech and in journalistic, artistic works), more complex sentences are actively used, consisting of more than two predicative parts. They are called multicomponent, or polynomial, complex sentences: When the sun rose, the birds sang together and the forest came to life; He dreamed that he would visit the country that he so often dreamed of. More often in speech, polynomial complex sentences are used with one main part and several subordinate clauses. For example: I don't remember which writer said that fairy tales are made from the same stuff that dreams are made of.(K. Paustovsky). AT this proposal 4 predicative parts: one is the main I do not remember and three subordinate clauses: 1) which writer said, 2) that fairy tales are made of the same substance, 3) what dreams are made of.

The subordinate parts in a polynomial NGN are connected with the main part basically according to the same rules as in the minimum type NGN, by the same subordinating conjunctions and allied words, they characterize the entire main part as a whole or one word (phrase) in it.

However, for polynomial NGNs, some inherent structural and semantic features are also characteristic:

1) a confluence of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions or allied words at the junction of predicative parts, for example: Remember that science requires from a person his whole lifeand what , if if you had two lives, and they would not be enough for you(I. Pavlov). In this sentence, you can observe the confluence of the coordinating union and and two subordinating conjunctions what if. Subordinating union what attaches the second accessory part - that they would not be enough for you - to the main part. Subordinating union if attaches the third adnexal part - if you had two lives- to the second subordinate clause. writing union and connects the first subordinate part with the second;

2) subordinate parts, connected to the main one with the help of subordinating unions, can be connected with each other by coordinating unions (connecting: and yes, no, separating: or, either, comparatively-opposite: but, however, but and etc.). For example: He [Grigory] wrote that he had been wounded on the Wrangel front and that after his recovery he would, in all likelihood, be demobilized.(M. Sholokhov). Schematic of this offer:

Explanatory.

Explanatory.

I'm sorry, what

3) one of the same subordinating conjunctions can be omitted in speech, for example: The sea was worried, although the sun shone brightly and the weather seemed calm(A. Chakovsky). There are two clauses in this sentence: the first - although the sun shone brightly, second - the weather seemed calm. In the second subordinate clause, the union although omitted. Schematic of this offer:

Subordinate parts in a polynomial NGN can be connected with the main part and with each other: using homogeneous subordination, serial and parallel subordination.

Homogeneous subordination - such a connection of subordinate clauses with the main clause in a polynomial NGN, in which subordinate clauses of the same meaning, composed among themselves, are subordinate to the same member of the main part or the main part as a whole. For example: I answered that nature is good and that sunsets are especially good in our places.(V. Soloukhin). Accessory parts: 1) that nature is good and 2) that sunsets are especially good in our places- are subordinate explanatory clauses, explain the same word of the main part - predicate answered, while the same semantic question is posed to the subordinate clauses ( answered what?), among themselves the subordinate clauses are connected by a coordinating union and. Schematic of this offer:

,

Explanatory.

Explanatory.

I'm sorry, what

Parallel (heterogeneous) subordination in a polynomial NGN - such a connection in which subordinate parts of different meanings are subordinate to different components of the main part or the main part as a whole, characterizing them in different aspects. For example: When the clear evening comes, I like to watch on the shore of the pond how the beautiful day goes out.(N. Ogarev). There are two clauses in the sentence: 1) When the clear evening comes- the subordinate part with the meaning of time, with the main part makes up a dissected structure, characterizing the main part as a whole, answers the question I like to watch on the shore of the pond when?, attached to the main part with the help of a subordinating union when; 2) second accessory part how the beautiful day goes out - subordinate explanatory, with the main part makes up an undivided structure, refers to one component of the main part - the predicate "I like to look", answers the question like to look at what?, attached to the main part with the union how. Thus, two subordinate parts in this polynomial NGN characterize the main part from different sides, there is no composing connection between them - you cannot use coordinative union. Schematic of this offer:

When? for what?

Explanatory.

It depends

Subordinate parts with parallel (non-uniform) subordination can break the main part, that is, be inside the main part. For example: The caretaker inquired where he needed to go, and announced that the horses sent from Kistenevka had been waiting for him for the fourth day.(A. Pushkin). Schematic of this offer:

Explanatory.

Explanatory.

About what? what? (about what?)

Where? what?

Sequential submission - such a connection of clauses in a polynomial NGN, in which the first clause refers to the main clause, the second clause to the first clause, the third clause to the second clause, etc., a kind of chain of sequential subordination of predicative clauses to each other is obtained. For example: He remained silent because he didn't know what to say.. This proposal has one main part - He was silent, to which the first subordinate clause belongs, answering the question why was he silent? - because I didn't know; second accessory - what to say- refers to the first subordinate clause and answers the question didn't know what? Schematic of this offer:

Explanatory.

because

With sequential subordination, one subordinate part can be inside another, for example: It is known that no matter how much the donkey grows, it will not become a horse.. Schematic of this offer:

What despite what?

Concessionary

How much would

In Russian, there are such polynomials of NGN, which combine various ways of connecting subordinate parts with the main one and with each other: No matter how Odintsova controlled herself, no matter how she stood above all prejudices, she was also embarrassed when she appeared in the dining room.(I. Turgenev). The sentence combines homogeneous subordination and parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Schematic of this offer:

in spite of what? ,

When?

How ever how ever

Some more examples:

Every time autumn approached, conversations began that much in nature is not arranged the way we would like.(K. Paustovsky). The proposal combines parallel and sequential subordination. Schematic of this offer:

When? about what?

When what is not how?

I thought that I didn’t know where the shore was, and that if I were left alone now, I wouldn’t know at all where to sail in order to moor to the sanatorium(V. Soloukhin). The sentence has seven predicative parts. The subordinate parts are connected by homogeneous subordination (the first and third subordinate clauses with the main part), sequential subordination (the second subordinate clause with the first and main part; the sixth subordinate clause with the fifth subordinate, third and main part) and parallel (heterogeneous) subordination (fifth and fourth subordinate clauses parts with the main part). Schematic of this offer:

About what? about what?

What what under what conditions? what?

For what purpose?

NGN punctuation with multiple clauses

It is necessary to remember the following rules for punctuation in NGN with several clauses:

1. The subordinate parts are separated from the main and from each other by commas.

2. With a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting or dividing union ( and, or, or), a comma is not placed between the subordinate clauses. For example: I noticed that it became warmer and that the wind stopped blowing.

3. With the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses with a confluence of subordinating conjunctions and allied words, the included clause

a) is separated from both sides by commas if it is joined by a single union, for example: The doctor said that if everything was ok, he would discharge me soon.;

b) is not separated by a comma from the first subordinating union if it is joined by a double subordinating union ( if…then; if so; when ... then; though... but and etc.); a comma is placed only at the end of the included clause, for example: The doctor said that if everything is all right, he will soon discharge me..

Workshop

Exercise 15 Prove that these sentences are polynomial complex.

1. When she spoke, her voice trembled every minute, and her hand trembled, stroking his head. 2. It seemed to Romashov that the black oak trunks swayed in one direction, and the earth swam in the other, and that time had stopped. 3. More often than not, he, like an inexperienced player who lost his entire fortune in one evening, suddenly imagined with seductive clarity that there was nothing unpleasant at all, that the handsome second lieutenant Romashov had an excellent walk in the ceremonial march in front of the general, deserved general praise and that he himself now he sits with his comrades in the bright dining room of the officer assembly, and laughs and drinks red wine. 4. When I entered, Boris turned around slowly, and on his face he had some kind of even, peaceful, childish expression. 5. Simply, I decided to take him to some place of greenery, where they drink and dance, where people themselves do not know what they are doing, but they are sure that they are having fun, and they infect others with this confidence. 6. The fifth floors were drowned in darkness, which, like the sagging belly of a black snake, descended into the corridor of the street and hid and froze, hanging over, as if preparing to grab someone ... 7. For Romashov, a whole abyss of practical wisdom, hidden in this simple parable, which he knew and understood since he learned to read. 8. But when the colonel started talking about his mother, the blood suddenly rushed into Romashov's head in a hot, intoxicating stream, and the trembling stopped instantly. 9. Since all these rooms, except for the dining room, were usually uninhabited and never ventilated, there was a damp, sour, uninhabitable air in them, mixed with a special smell from the old carpet upholstery that covered the furniture. 10. He now realized, not without some shame, that a lot of this charm was learned from reading French bad novels, which invariably describe how Gustav and Armand, having arrived at the ball at the Russian embassy, ​​passed through the lobby. 11. - The Court of the Society of Officers of the N-th Infantry Regiment, consisting of - followed by the names and ranks of judges - chaired by Lieutenant Colonel Migunov, having considered the case of a collision in the premises of the officers' assembly of Lieutenant Nikolaev and Lieutenant Romashov, found that, due to the severity of mutual insults, a quarrel these chief officers cannot be ended by reconciliation and that a duel between them is the only way to satisfy the offended honor and officer dignity (A.I. Kuprin).

Exercise 16 Describe complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, determine the type of connection of the subordinate clauses with the main part (homogeneous subordination, heterogeneous (parallel) or sequential subordination).

1. Right now, a garden began outside the window, where cherries grew in abundance, all white from flowers, round and curly, like a flock of snow-white sheep, like a crowd of girls in white dresses. 2. junior officers, quite school-like, were late for classes and quietly ran away from them if they knew that they would not get it for it. 3. Romashov looked into his gray-haired, red, irritated face and felt how his heart was pounding from resentment and excitement and darkened before his eyes. 4. And while he went to his room, while he went to bed, while he fell asleep, he believed that it would be easy for him to keep his word. 5. - If they come from the Petersons, you will say that the second lieutenant has left, but where is unknown. 6. While the orderly of the Nikolaevs was taking off his dirty galoshes and cleaning his boots with a kitchen rag, and he was wiping his glasses that were misted in the warmth with a handkerchief, bringing them close to his short-sighted eyes, Alexandra Petrovna's sonorous voice was heard from the living room. 7. It seemed to Romashov that his voice was somehow alien and so stifled, as if something was stuck in his throat. 8. And suddenly, all animated, taking the thread from the second lieutenant's hands, as if so that nothing would amuse him, she strangely began talking about what constituted all the interest, all main point her current life. 9. Immediately after dinner, Nikolaev, who ate as much and diligently as he did his sciences, began to yawn ... 10. ... And when this moment came, he went into this charming squeezing to such an extent that did not hear how Shurochka told him [so that he would not forget them]. 11. - And now I do things that I have absolutely no soul for, I fulfill orders for the sake of the animal fear of life, which sometimes seem cruel to me, and sometimes senseless. 12. Everything that I have seen, read or heard about - everything comes to life in me, everything acquires an unusually bright light and a deep, bottomless meaning. 13. With particular vehemence, the comicality of which was intensified by his Khokhlak dialect, he began to convince me that in his person the gifted, wide provincial south was defeating the anemic, temperamental, dry metropolitan north. 14. Perhaps this is due to the fact that, in general, a cheerful and self-confident person is able to subjugate fate to himself to the same extent as fate twists and throws confused and weak people in different directions. 15. It all ended with the fact that he presented to his superiors such a scheme for the movement of passenger and freight trains, which combined both simplicity and visibility, and many other practical conveniences. 16. When I asked him why he needed it, he answered with crafty innocence. 17. However, although I immediately recognized his voice with those guttural, soft "g", with the provincial breadth of the range - I can not say that at the first moment I was especially delighted. 18. I had to remind him that all the tenants in the rooms were still sleeping, that the partitions were made of papier-mâché, and that I would not like to hear comments from the hostess. 19. She looked askance at Boris with the same expression of distrust and anxiety, as a horse would look, which was brought into the room (A.I. Kuprin).

Exercise 17 Analyze complex sentences with several subordinate clauses; draw their diagrams. Select subordinating conjunctions and allied words, describe their meaning and function in the sentence.

1. Far ahead, to the very station, from where they were waiting for the corps commander, a chain of machinations stretched, which were supposed to warn the authorities about the arrival of signals. 2. After looking at the company, the general removed all officers and non-commissioned officers from the ranks and asked people if they were satisfied with everything, if everyone was receiving according to their position, if there were any complaints and claims. 3. For a second it seems to him that it is the music that surrounds him with waves of such a burning, dazzling light and that copper, jubilant cries fall from above, from the sky, from the sun. 4. This happened because the second lieutenant, intoxicated with his enthusiasm and his ardent dreams, did not himself notice how he moved step by step from the middle to the right, pressing at the same time on the half-company, and finally found himself on its right flank, crushing and upsetting the general movement. 5. The young officer knew from experience how hard it is to experience such moments when words repeated many times seem to hang without support in the air and when some kind of prickly shame makes you stubbornly and hopelessly return to them. 6. - He will tell you such things that you will not know where to go. 7. They entered a small bare room, where there was literally nothing but a low camp bed, the canvas of which hung like the bottom of a boat, and a night table with a stool. 8. Approaching about five o'clock to the house occupied by the Nikolaevs, Romashov was surprised to feel that his morning joyful confidence in the success of the day had been replaced in him by some strange, causeless anxiety. 9. - I heard some legend says that God first created all people whole, and then for some reason broke everyone into two parts and scattered them around the world. 10. And suddenly again he saw, as if in a feverish dream, that everyone who was in the room immediately screamed, ran, waved their hands. 11. Romashov saw how his face gradually turned pale and how an ominous yellow gleam flared up in his eyes. 12. And when they were already sitting side by side and Romashov, leaning to the right, looked at how the horses at a slender gallop, throwing up their broad backsides, took the carriage up the mountain, Bek-Agamalov felt his hand and squeezed it tightly, painfully and for a long time. 13. When Romashov, walking around the table, approached him, Nikolaev quickly looked at him and immediately turned away so as not to shake hands, and spoke with exaggerated interest to his neighbor. 14. Until now, he did not notice at all, as if he had forgotten that in right hand he always has some kind of foreign object. 15. He felt so hunted, awkward and confused, as happened to him only in his student years at the exams, when he failed. 16. How bad it is when it is not you who leads the thought, but it leads you. 17. Do not be afraid of anyone in the whole universe, because there is no one above you and no one is equal to you. 18. - And think how dare I then offend, push, deceive a person in whom I feel equal to myself, a bright god? 19. Life is like a huge building with thousands of rooms, in which there is light, singing, wonderful pictures, smart, elegant people, laughter, dancing, love - everything that is great and formidable in art. 20. - Do you really think that my husband was so generous after your fight that he refrained from the pleasure of telling me where you came from then to the meeting? 21. If I can only, I will do everything you want. 22. Romashov stood and listened until the gate creaked and Shurochka's quiet steps fell silent. 23. It was in the winter, at seven o'clock in the morning, when street lamps were still burning on the streets of St. Petersburg, and tired nags were dragging sleeping night cabbies home (A.I. Kuprin).

Exercise 18 Place the missing punctuation marks; determine the type of complex sentences; draw their diagrams.

l. All the things and faces that I evoke stand before me in such relief and so delightfully clearly, as if I were seeing them in a camera obscura. 2. At first when I first experienced this judgmental uplift of the inner life, I thought it was inspiration itself. 3. Romashov looked after him at his dull narrow and long back and suddenly he felt that in his heart, through the bitterness of recent resentment and public shame, regret was stirring for this lonely, hardened, unloved person who had only two attachments in the whole world: the military beauty of his company and the quiet, solitary daily drunkenness in the evenings - " to the pillow, as the old drunken bourbons expressed themselves in the regiment. 4. With a strange charm, he excitedly watched how this train, which consisted of only five brand new shiny cars, flew up to the station at full speed, quickly jumping out from behind a turn, how quickly its fiery eyes grew and flared up, throwing bright spots ahead of themselves on the rails, and how it was already ready to skip the station instantly with a hiss and a roar stopped - “like a giant seizing a rock with a run ...” 5. But when, after walking ten steps, Romashov suddenly turned back to once again meet the eyes of a beautiful lady, he saw that both she and her companion with enthusiastically laugh looking after him. 6. ... And it seemed that joyful, jubilant people live in this distant and fabulous city, whose whole life is like sweet music, in which even thoughtfulness, even sadness, is charmingly tender and beautiful. 7. Here he comes here - elegant, condescendingly casual, correct and impudently polite, like those officers of the general staff whom he saw at last year's big maneuvers and on the set. 8. Romashov often talked with Gainan about his gods, about which, however, the Cheremis himself had rather dark and meager concepts, and also in particular about how he took the oath of allegiance to the throne and homeland (A.I. Kuprin).

adverbial explanatory or adnexal defining; write down complex subordinate suggestions punctuating...