The flower spider is poisonous. Sidewalk spider: description, reproduction

We have an unusual spider. Not only does it not weave webs, it is also a chameleon spider that can change its color depending on the environment. This is about flower spider, or scientifically misumena clubfoot(lat. Misumena vatia). As the name implies, this spider hunts, waiting for its prey (pollinating insects) on flowers. He succeeds in disguising himself thanks to his color - this spider is white, but, in the case of hunting for yellow flowers, it can change color to yellow. This is what the females of this species look like. Males are much smaller and darker in color. I happened to observe the following scene: among the flowers of the bird cherry, a large white spider caught prey - a mosquito-thick-foot. Like many other spider species, the male flower spider is much smaller than the female, and can be accidentally confused with prey. Other spiders get out of this situation by bringing a gift of prey wrapped in a web, but here the male sneaks up on the female while she is busy with the captured mosquito. And while the "bride" is busy with dinner, the "groom" manages to saddle the female's belly.

flower spider(lat. Misumena vatia) or misumena clubfoot- a species of spiders of the family sidewalk spiders (Thomisidae). Males and females of this species look different. Scientifically, this division is called sexual dimorphism.

Males are 4 mm long, while females are up to 10 mm long. In the male, the cephalothorax (prosoma) is blackish in color, the abdomen (opisthosoma) is white to yellowish in color with two dark long stripes. Both front pairs of legs with wide stripes of black and brown, both hind pairs of legs of the main color of the abdomen.

In females, the color of the entire body varies from bright yellow to yellow-green and white. Often there are two long red stripes on the sides of the abdomen. The species is distributed from arctic to subtropical zones Holarctic from Ireland and Portugal to Japan, and from Alaska to the southern border of the United States. With the exception of Iceland, the species is found throughout Europe. The species inhabits open habitats with a large number of flowering plants. Sexually mature spiders can be found from May to July.

The spider lies in wait for its prey on the flowers. It can change its color depending on the color of the flowers. Only sexually mature females have this ability. They control the change in body pigmentation with their organs of vision. When stained yellow, a liquid, yellow coloring matter enters the cells of the epidermis, when stained white, the pigment is transferred to inner part body. The yellow pigment can also be excreted during a long stay on white flowers with a bowel movement.

Flower spiders are predators, they are not afraid to attack even insects larger than themselves. Spiders wait for their prey for a long time, disguised as terrain (flowers). They are very mobile and when the long-awaited profit appears, they quickly grab it with their feet, inject their paralyzing poison into the body of the victim. Then after a while they suck everything out of her nutrients, leaving one shell.

The prey of the flower spider are various pollinating insects, such as hoverflies, bees, wasps, butterflies or small beetles. They are often an order of magnitude larger than the spider itself. The spider grabs its prey with strong, widely spaced front legs and delivers a lightning-fast bite to the head. The web does not spin.

Mating takes place in early summer. When the male finds the female, he climbs on her back from the front. He then moves to the ventral side of the female and, in a belly-to-belly position, alternately inserts his pedipalps into the female's genital opening. Then he again climbs onto the back of the female in order to mate with her again after a break. Eventually, the male leaves the female. Egg cocoons are hidden from the sides of the flowers. Young spiders hibernate in the ground.

flower spider(lat. Misumena vatia) - a species of spiders of the family Sidewalker Spiders ( Thomisidae).

A mature black widow is usually black and glossy. He is easily recognizable as hourglass red on the inside of her belly. The female measures 5 centimeters long, weighs 25 grams and has a very round belly. The male is twice the size of the female, but has longer legs. Shows red stripes with yellow on the back.

During the mating season, the black sheep seeks out its mate, during which time it does not bite or feed itself. After mating, the black widow will place more egg sacs containing about 750 eggs. The bag measures 1cm in diameter, can be white or creamy, and has a paper texture. One summer, a woman can accommodate 4 to 9 bags. Incubation lasts 14 days, and young widow spiders are cannibals. Survive 1-12 black widow spiders from the bag.

Description

The species is sexually dimorphic in size and coloration. Males are 4 mm long, while females are up to 10 mm long. In the male, the cephalothorax (prosoma) is blackish in color, the abdomen (opisthosoma) is white to yellowish in color with two dark long stripes. Both front pairs of legs with wide stripes of black and brown, both hind pairs of legs of the main color of the abdomen.

The male widow reaches maturity in 70 days and dies at the age of one or two months. This is because a woman sometimes eats the man she just slept with. Females mature at the age of 90 and live 1-5 years. Black widow spits canes that don't have certain form or size. changes like location, but most changes like shape. The canvas comes from fluid removed from the abdominal glands. As the fluid exits the abdomen, it increases due to distension.

The web of a black widow's web is stronger than the web of any other spider. The Black Widow is shy and active more at night, staying longer inside the canvas, and only comes out when threatened. A woman bites only when she is disturbed. The black widow produces a dangerous human venom, but the fatality rate from biting is quite low.

In females, the color of the entire body varies from bright yellow to yellow-green and white. Often there are two long red stripes on the sides of the abdomen.

Spreading

The species is distributed from the Arctic to the subtropical zones of the Holarctic from Ireland and Portugal to Japan, and from Alaska to the southern border of the United States. With the exception of Iceland, the species is found throughout Europe.

The black widow is a spider that inhabits insects. Since its web is sticky, it can capture its prey along with it. His food lacks bugs, including the kitchen and flies. The black widow kills its prey by injecting poison. Then he will make a hole in his body and begin to suck all the liquid into the prey. Black widow's digestive juice will also be injected into the victim's body to help crush the body parts. The black widow will leave only the outer shell of the lime.

Black widow isn't necessarily beneficial to humans other than eating insects. It can often be found near people's homes, helping to eliminate harmful insects. The black widow can be a dangerous spider. He has 15 more dangerous poisons than a snake with bells. But when it bites, the black widow injects only a small part of its venom, while the bell snake inserts all of its venom into the victim. However, if more black widow spider venom is injected into humans, it will most likely die.

The species inhabits open habitats with a large number of flowering plants. Sexually mature spiders can be found from May to July.

Food

The spider lies in wait for its prey on the flowers. It can change its color depending on the color of the flowers. Only sexually mature females have this ability. They control the change in body pigmentation with their organs of vision. When stained yellow, a liquid, yellow coloring matter enters the cells of the epidermis; when stained white, the pigment is transferred to the inner part of the body. The yellow pigment can also be excreted during a long stay on white flowers with a bowel movement.

The bite of a black widow spider causes pain in the abdomen and swelling of the leg muscles. Less severe symptoms include dry mouth, sweating, and swelling of the eyelids. If a young person aged 16 or older bites, they should go to the hospital. Most deaths occur in these people due to heart or lung failure. Healthy people that bite recover in 2-5 days if they have proper care.

Black widow isn't necessarily beneficial to humans other than eating insects. It can often be found near people's homes, helping to eliminate harmful insects. black widow maybe dangerous spider. It has 15 more dangerous poisons than the bell snake. But when it bites, the black widow injects only a small part of its venom, while the bell snake inserts all of its venom into the victim. However, if more black widow spider venom is injected into humans, it will most likely die.

reproduction

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Notes

Literature

Heiko Bellmann: Kosmos Atlas Spinnentiere Europas. 3. Aufl., 2006. Kosmos, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1
Ralph Platen, Bodo von Broen, Andreas Herrmann, Ulrich M. Ratschker & Peter Sacher: Gesamtartenliste und Rote Liste der Webspinnen, Weberknechte und Pseudoskorpione des Landes Brandenburg (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones) mit Angaben zur Häufigkeit und Ökologie. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Brandenburg 8, Heft 2 (Beilage); 1999.

An excerpt characterizing the Flower Spider

In front of the Preobrazhensky Regiment he stopped, sighed heavily and closed his eyes. Someone from the retinue waved for the soldiers holding the banners to come up and place them around the commander-in-chief with flagpoles. Kutuzov was silent for several seconds and, apparently reluctantly, obeying the necessity of his position, raised his head and began to speak. Crowds of officers surrounded him. He scanned the circle of officers with a keen eye, recognizing some of them.
– Thank you all! he said, addressing the soldiers and again to the officers. In the silence that reigned around him, his slowly spoken words were clearly audible. “Thank you all for your hard and faithful service. The victory is perfect, and Russia will not forget you. Glory to you forever! He paused, looking around.
“Bend down, bend down his head,” he said to the soldier who held the French eagle and accidentally lowered it in front of the banner of the Transfiguration. “Lower, lower, that’s it. Hooray! guys, - with a quick movement of your chin, turn to the soldiers, he said.
- Hooray ra ra! roared thousands of voices. While the soldiers were shouting, Kutuzov, bent over in his saddle, bowed his head, and his eye lit up with a meek, as if mocking, gleam.
“That’s what, brothers,” he said when the voices fell silent ...
And suddenly his voice and facial expression changed: the commander-in-chief stopped talking, and a simple one spoke, an old man, it is obvious that he now wanted to inform his comrades of the most necessary thing.
There was a movement in the crowd of officers and in the ranks of the soldiers in order to hear more clearly what he would say now.
“Here’s the thing, brethren. I know it's hard for you, but what can you do! Be patient; not long left. We'll send the guests out, then we'll have a rest. For your service, the king will not forget you. It is difficult for you, but you are still at home; and they - see what they have come to, ”he said, pointing to the prisoners. - Worse than the last beggars. While they were strong, we did not feel sorry for ourselves, but now you can feel sorry for them. They are also people. So guys?
He looked around him, and in the stubborn, respectfully bewildered glances fixed on him, he read sympathy for his words: his face became brighter and brighter from the senile meek smile, puckering up in stars at the corners of his lips and eyes. He paused and lowered his head as if in bewilderment.
- And then say, who called them to us? Serves them right, m ... and ... in g .... he suddenly said, raising his head. And, waving his whip, he galloped, for the first time in the whole campaign, away from the joyfully laughing and roaring cheers, upsetting the ranks of the soldiers.
The words spoken by Kutuzov were hardly understood by the troops. No one would have been able to convey the contents of the first solemn and at the end of the ingenuously old man's speech of the field marshal; but the heartfelt meaning of this speech was not only understood, but that same, that same feeling of majestic triumph, combined with pity for the enemies and the consciousness of one’s rightness, expressed by this, precisely this old man’s, good-natured curse, is the very (feeling lay in the soul of every soldier and was expressed in a joyful, long-lasting cry.When after that one of the generals turned to him with the question of whether the commander-in-chief would order the carriage to arrive, Kutuzov, answering, suddenly sobbed, apparently being in great agitation.

The family of arachnids in its ranks has very beautiful and unusual creatures. They look like both spiders and crabs at the same time. Their name is also very interesting - sidewalk spiders. Sometimes the creatures of nature are simply incredible, such as these spiders that can jump, jump and move sideways. Because of this peculiar way of movement, they got their name - side walkers. They are also called jumping spiders and crab spiders. They look cute and cute. Even those people who are terribly afraid of spiders do not shudder at their sight. An interesting fact is that these handsome men only need a web to move from the upper tiers of plants to the lower ones. They also need spider strings for mating games. With the help of threads, these small animals (and spiders are just animals, and insects, as many people think) attract a partner.

Sidewalk spider: description, reproduction

The physique of these animals is unusual. The front pairs of legs are longer than the rest, and they are also turned upside down. It is because of this structure of the spider legs that these wonderful creatures move sideways. The body is flattened and angular in appearance. This structure makes the animals very similar to representatives of the crustacean family, so the second name of these creatures is crab spiders. They can also walk backwards just like their pincer brethren.

The color of sidewalk spiders depends on the environment in which they live. If on the ground, then the spiders will be dark brown or gray. If on flowers, then animals can be of different bright colors. It is very difficult to notice spiders, almost impossible. Nature gave them a color, thanks to which they merge with the environment.

The mating season for sidewalk spiders begins in early June. The male is looking for a female, draws her attention to his person and begins to court. If the female reciprocates, then the sidewalk spider climbs on her back and moves to her genital opening. Then alternately introduces pedipalps into it, which contain seminal fluid. After the first mating, the spiders take a short break, rest, then re-mating occurs. The female hides the finished cocoons from predators by attaching them to the leaves or stems of plants.

Different types of spiders

Spider crab, or sidewalker, is a common definition for many species of spiders, but most of these animals belong to the Thomisidae family. In total, there are about two thousand species of sidewalk spiders, which are divided into 170 genera.

The most famous are flower crab spiders. They hunt in flowers and are painted in bright colors. For example, in Uruguay, these animals imitate tropical flowers - spiders are very beautiful and seem completely harmless in appearance.

Excellent hunters

The sidewalk spider is very patient. Most of the time, these beauties sit completely still, waiting for prey. Side walkers do not need web for hunting, they do not use it to catch prey.

The weapons of spiders of this species are the front legs. Having outlined the target, the predator rushes to the prey, using strong forelimbs, bites and injects poison. It helps these creatures to hunt their ability to merge with a plant, tree or earth. They perfectly adjust their “clothes” to the surroundings. The appetite of the crab spider is excellent, it can feast on 4 large bees for one hour. The prey, which is much larger than the hunter himself, is quite suitable for breakfast for a small predator.

Side walkers are a danger to humans

There are very few lovers of this type of insect, like spiders. In most cases, a person at their sight experiences unpleasant emotions. The sidewalk spider is not outwardly disgusting, but on the contrary, it is cute. Only with a beautiful shell, these creatures still remain predators and can pose a threat to health. There are few cases of attacks on humans, but they still exist.

The poison of these animals contains toxins that can poison the body. If bitten by a crab spider, then a person may experience headache, weakness throughout the body. In this case, you must immediately consult a doctor. The consequences of being bitten by a cute spider can be serious.

Only a few people like spiders. These little creatures are often referred to as "disgusting", "nasty" or "creepy", but in fact they absolutely do not deserve such a bad reputation. Most spiders are completely harmless to humans. Moreover, many of them are beneficial to humans, because they destroy pests in our homes and gardens. If we still haven't managed to convince you to stop hating these tiny creatures, then the twenty-five adorable spiders that we will tell you about below will convince you that even spiders can be cute, or at least entertaining.

25. Elegant golden jumping spider (Golden jumping spider)

This species of jumping spider, found in Southeast Asia, is known for its long abdomen, long first pair of legs, and unique coloration. Males usually only reach about 0.76 centimeters in length, females are slightly larger.

24. Spider-walker, masquerading as bird droppings (Bird dung crab spider)

This spider is notable for its unique camouflage method. Its body is covered with growths and warts, which make it look like a piece of fresh bird droppings. The spider enhances the imitation of bird droppings by pulling its legs closer to the body and lying motionless on the leaf for many hours.

23. Spiked orb-web spider(Spiny orb weaver)

This spider gets its name from the prominent spikes on its abdomen. These spiders, reaching over 2.5 centimeters in diameter (as measured from spine to spine), are generally harmless to humans.

22. "Smiling" spider (Smiling spider)

The body length of this spider is only 0.5 cm. It is notable for the fact that a pattern resembling a smiling emoticon is clearly visible on its yellow body. The "smiling" spider is endemic to Oahu (Oahu), Molokai (Molokai), Maui (Maui) and the island of Hawaii, where it lives in tropical forests at an altitude of 304 - 1981 meters.

21. Water spider, or silver spider (Diving bell spider)

This species of spider, best known as the water spider, is the only one known to this moment a spider that spends its entire life underwater. Like other spiders, it breathes air, which it draws into a bladder held by hairs on its abdomen and legs. Males of this species are approximately 30 percent larger than females, which is quite unusual for spiders.

20. Himalayan jumping spider

The Himalayan jumping spider is a tiny spider that lives high in the Himalayas. These spiders have been found at altitudes exceeding 6,705 meters above sea level. Its only source of food at such extreme heights are random insects blown by the wind onto the slopes of the mountains.

19. Arrowhead spider

This spider is a brightly colored arachnid with a leg span of only 2.5 centimeters. These tiny creatures, completely harmless to humans, can be found in spring, summer and autumn. They hide in low shrubs about 60 to 90 centimeters above the ground in thickets, wetlands, gardens, and grass marshes.

18. Argiope Brünnich or wasp spider (Wasp spider)

Like all orb weaving spiders, this spider is not venomous. Wasp spiders weave their web between the grass at a height of up to 30 centimeters. Adult females are much larger than males.

17. Theraphosa Blond or goliath tarantula (Goliath bird eating spider)

The Goliath tarantula is the second largest spider in terms of size (after the giant huntsman spider) in terms of its leg span, however, in terms of body weight, it is the largest in the world. Despite its name, the spider does not usually eat birds, it feeds on insects. It is poisonous, but its venom is relatively harmless and its effect is comparable to that of a wasp sting.

16. Green jumping spider

Found in Queensland, New Guinea, New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Western Australia, this species is one of the largest jumping spiders. The males are strikingly brightly colored and adorned with long white "whiskers".

15. Golden orb-web spider (Writing spider)

This species, which is commonly found in most countries of Central America and regions of the Antilles (from Mexico to Panama), is distinguished by bright, saturated colors of the abdomen. Females are three to four times larger than males. Their leg span can reach more than 12 centimeters.

14. Ladybug mimic spider

These spiders are believed to mimic ladybugs because ladybugs are not palatable to birds and other predators and are generally avoided by predators. Despite its adorable appearance, this little creature actually belongs to a group that includes tarantulas and black widows.

13. Red-backed jumping spider

A red-backed jumping spider that lives in relatively dry environments such as coastal dunes or oak trees. woodlands western North America, is one of the largest and most commonly found jumping spiders. This species builds conspicuous tubular silk nests on the ground under rocks and pieces of wood and sometimes on vines.

12. Spider-mason or spider-digger (Trapdoor spider)

Stonemason spiders are notable for their unique hunting technique. These medium-sized spiders build burrows with a hatch-like door, which they usually make of earth, vegetation, and silk, and then lean halfway out of the burrow to wait for their prey.

11. Hyllus Diardi (Heavy jumping spider)

Like other jumping spiders, this species does not build webs. Instead, it hunts on the move, attaching a silk thread to some kind of support before "bungee jumping" onto suitable prey. The body length of this spider reaches 1.27 centimeters.

10. Peacock spider

This species of spider, whose habitat is limited to certain areas of Australia, is one of the most colorful and vibrant. Colored in bright shades of red, blue and black, the males have a trapdoor with white hairs on their abdomen that they can pull down. They use it to attract females during the mating season.

9. Spider-Ogre (Ogre-faced spider)

These spiders, which live almost all over the world in the tropics, got their name due to the imaginary similarity of their appearance with the appearance mythological creature, ogre. Spiders make a web that they hang between their front legs and when prey approaches, they stretch the web, which becomes two or three times its original size, and throw it over the prey.

8. Hersiliid spider (Tree stump spider)

This species of spider, found in South America, known for its belly unusual shape, which looks like a growing branch. This feature is likely used either as a hunting method or as a hiding place from predators.

7. Spider-horse, imitating an ant (Ant - mimic jumping spider)

Ant-mimicking spiders are mostly found in the tropics from Africa to Australia, with some species also found in the New World. Their color varies from black to yellow, depending on what kind of ants they imitate. One of African species spiders mimics one kind of ant in its immature state and a completely different kind in adulthood.

6. Horned orb-weaver (Long-horned orb-weaver)

Orbweb spiders are three-clawed flat web builders with a sticky coil of silk to catch prey. As a rule, in the evening, the spider eats the old web, rests for about an hour, and then spins a new web in the same place.

5. Australian garden orb weaver

Found throughout the coastal regions of Australia's eastern states, these spiders are notable for their ability to change their color with each molt to better match the background they rest against during the day.

4. Viciria with a wide jaw (Wide - jawed viciria)

This spider lives in garden foliage and in the wastelands of Singapore and Indonesia. Both sexes reach approximately 0.76 - 1.27 centimeters in length. Viciria is a colorful member of the jumping spider family.

3. Mirror spider (Sequined spider)

This spider, also known as the Australian stained glass spider, is found throughout the Australian states. These spiders are one of the smallest species. The body length of males is approximately 0.3 centimeters, and females - 0.4 centimeters.

2. Eight-spotted crab spider

This species of spider, discovered in Singapore in 1924, is one of the most colorful. Its body length is approximately 2.5 centimeters, and it is also one of the most large species sidewalk spiders.

1. Regal jumping spider

The royal jumping spider is the most major representative jumping spiders in North America. The body length of the male is 1.27 centimeters, and the female is 1.52 centimeters. Males and females are easy to distinguish. Males are always black with a pattern of white spots and stripes. Females often have a similar pattern. However, they differ in color, and their color varies from shades of gray to bright orange.

The flower yellow spider belongs to the crab or sidewalk spider family.

This name was given to the family for the ability of its representatives to walk sideways. There are about 2,000 species of crab spiders, including the flower yellow spider.

This spider does not weave a web, its main weapons are long front legs and camouflage. He spends most of his time on flowers and guards prey there.

For humans, these beautiful spiders do not pose any danger.

Appearance of a flowery yellow spider

There are differences in color and size between females and males. On average, the body length of males reaches about 4 millimeters, and their partners grow up to 10 millimeters.

The abdomen of males is white to yellow with long dark stripes, and the cephalothorax is black. Males have brown or black stripes on the front legs, and the hind legs are the same color as the abdomen.

Yellow is just one of the flower spider color options.

Females have a bright green to bright yellow body, and often have red stripes on the sides of the abdomen.

Distribution of flower yellow spiders

These spiders live from subtropical to arctic zones, they can be found in Alaska, and in the USA, and Japan, and Portugal. Flower yellow spiders are common throughout almost all of Europe, except for Iceland.

These spiders prefer open areas where a large number of flowering plants. Sexually mature individuals are found in May-June.

Nutrition of flower yellow spiders

Spiders wait for prey on flowers. Depending on the color of the flower, the spider can change its color. This ability is available only in adults. Spiders control pigmentation with the help of the organs of vision.

The flower spider is a real predator.

Yellow flower spiders prey on a variety of pollinators, such as bees, wasps, and various small beetles. Often the victims are much larger than the hunter himself.

The spider waits for the moment when the prey will lower its head into the interweaving of stamens, and attacks it, spreading its front legs wide. Grasping the prey, the spider bites it in the neck. This bite is poisonous, so the caught prey dies instantly.

Due to its camouflage coloring, the floral yellow spider remains invisible, being almost close to the victim. As already noted, yellow is only special case, color may vary, depending on the color of the plants.

I identified this pretty arachnid as floral about a spider species Misumena vatia from the family sidewalk spiders (crab spiders). Somewhat embarrassing is the fact that in my presence the spider moved exclusively rectilinearly and did not show any crab-like habits, but the bright color and shape of the body, nevertheless, speak for the fact that this is a side-walker spider. A yellow spider was found not at all on a flower, although it has a flower name, but on a mushroom. The yellow spider turned out to be nimble, and, being released from the can, started racing across the expanses of the table, and therefore it was quite difficult to photograph it.

In the standby-defense mode, the spider took this position, standing on 4 short hind legs and threateningly spreading 4 long front ones.

Scary! For nothing, that growth in it, if without paws, from the strength of 8 millimeters.

The spider did not sit still, studied the area, looked out for something:

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When the camera approached, he got nervous and started running:

Then it turned out interesting way"occupy" the guest in order to have time to bring the lens to him. My hairy hand became a help in this matter: the yellow spider got tangled in my hair, thought for a long time where to throw its long legs, so its photogenicity increased noticeably.

The spider itself is translucent and glows in the sun, only on the head there is a special opaque "visual patch" with eight eyes.

During the photo session, the spider was planted on a flower, from which it safely disappeared, well, but I didn’t look - where can my inattention compete with spider mimicry?

What do sources say about these spiders?

Floral spider Misumena vatia belongs to the family sidewalk spiders or crab spiders (Thomisidae). This name was given to the representatives of the family for the ability to move sideways (which, however, my particular specimen did not demonstrate to me).

Sidewalker spiders do not spin webs: their main weapons are mimicry and long front legs.

Many sidewalk spiders (for example, our hero — flower spider Misumena) spend most of their time on flowers, waiting for prey, which, as a rule, are various nectar lovers - bees, butterflies, etc. The spider watches for the moment when the victim plunges his head into the interweaving of stamens, and attacks, grabbing it with his trapping legs and inflicting venomous bite in the neck area, instantly immobilizing the insect.

Thanks to patronizing coloration the spider can go unnoticed when in close proximity to the victim. However, yellow is only a special case of the color of the flower spider. Depending on the preferred plants, it can vary greatly.

The flower spider also has a huge number of relatives that live in trees or in the forest floor and have patronizing coloration suitable for their habitat and allowing them to fully merge with the substrate.

There are 170 genera and more than 2000 species of sidewalk spiders in the world fauna.

For a person they not dangerous.