Presentation on the topic "flora and fauna of the Arctic desert zone". Presentation on the theme "Animal World of the Arctic" Educational presentation "For children about the animals of the Arctic" for older preschoolers

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Slides captions:

Animals of the Arctic and Antarctic The presentation was made by the Educator GBDOU " Kindergarten No. 15 "Shkand Natalia Alexandrovna

Antarctica Arctic

Arctic The Arctic is washed by the Arctic Ocean, and almost all of it is shackled by thick, hard ice. Here in the Far North, in the Arctic, the ice never melts. Because the sun does not rise high in the short polar summer, Such a sun cannot melt the ice. In winter it is dark here all day and night.

Arctic This is the coldest place in the whole world. The icy wind brings more and more mountains of snow. Under their own weight, snowdrifts are compacted and turn into ice. And so from century to century.

The Arctic It is very cold in the Arctic, but despite the huge ice floes and permafrost, there are such inhabitants that are not found anywhere else: a polar bear, a seal, a walrus, a reindeer, an arctic fox, an arctic tern, a sea narwhal.

Narwhal The length of this animal is 4.5 meters in an adult animal, and 1.5 meters in a cub. Weight reaches up to 1.5 tons, of which, more than half of the weight is fat. Narwhals have a horn 2-3 meters long, otherwise this horn is called a tusk. The tusk is used by the narwhal to determine the temperature of the water. Narwhals feed on squid, octopus, and fish. Narwhals are listed in the Red Book.

Polar bear The largest animals on Earth, they are good swimmers, they can spend hours in icy water, they have membranes between their fingers, there are 5 long claws on each paw in order not to slide on the ice. The bear has warm thick fur and knows how to build a lair out of snow. white fur makes it invisible in the snow, feeds on fish, seals. The white bear goes fishing Slowly, waddle. The old fisherman senses that the rich are waiting for a catch.

Walrus Lives in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. Its body length reaches 4-5 meters. It weighs a ton and can even reach two tons, a walrus can have up to 300 kg of fat. The skin of the animal is thick, strong,. The mustache is thick, hard, and there are two fangs on the muzzle. With the help of these fangs, the walrus defends itself from enemies, attacks even a polar bear, and also plows the bottom, pulling out shells, octopuses, squids, that is, small animals that live in sea ​​water. The walrus is proud of its mustache And sharp fangs. He lives in the Arctic Where there is snow and ice around.

Terns Terns have a slender body, long pointed wings and short legs. Terns feed on fish. In the Arctic Terns live only in summer, when winter comes in the Arctic, Terns fly south.

Arctic fox Animals of the Arctic would lose a lot if among them there was no such animal as arctic fox. Thanks to its beautiful fur, this animal is known far beyond its region. The Arctic fox is a very small animal, its weight barely reaches up to 5 kg. But this kid is very hardy and fast. In addition, he loves to travel and can be found in almost all corners of the Arctic.

Reindeer That's what the whole world has heard about, so it's about reindeer. A beautiful and fast animal has no less beautiful branched horns on its head. (Moreover, both males and females have them). The height at the withers is no more than one and a half meters, and it weighs about two hundred kilograms. Thanks to a warm coat and the constant availability of food, the deer feels great even in such a cold region. He is not afraid of frosts of -50-60 degrees.

Reindeer Thanks to its unusual wool and down, it does not freeze even in icy water. Its habitat is the endless tundra. It feeds on reindeer moss or reindeer moss, which it digs out from under the snow.

Yagel - reindeer moss

Antarctica Antarctica is bordered by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. Antarctica is the most severe and coldest continent in terms of climate. At night, the temperature there can drop to -52°C.

Antarctica In addition to extremely low temperatures, the climatic conditions of Antarctica are characterized by constantly blowing winds. There are no trees and shrubs in Antarctica, there are almost no herbaceous flowering plants. Mostly vegetable world represented by lichens, mosses, algae, fungi and bacteria.

Antarctica In Antarctica, there are amazing animals: the king penguin, sea ​​Elephant, seal, sea ​​leopard, blue whale, Albatross bird.

Seal They have smooth skin and are good swimmers. Seals hunt underwater, feed on fish, shrimps, squids. A seal lies on an ice floe, As if on a featherbed. He is in no hurry to get up, Fat accumulates under the skin.

Albatross A large sea bird with a wingspan of more than 4 meters. the birds are white, with a yellow coating on the head and neck, the top of the wings and the tail along the edges are black-brown. Beak and legs are light. This bird does not walk well on land, but for a long time it soars over the ocean in search of prey: fish, squid and other marine life.

Elephant seal The southern elephant seal belongs to the family of true seals. In terms of size, it ranks second among all pinnipeds, second in size only to the northern elephant seal.

Blue whale This is the largest animal on Earth. The length of his body is up to 33 meters! (This is the height of a 10-storey building). However, this giant, like all baleen whales, feeds on plankton - small crustaceans and other tiny marine life. The stomach of a blue whale can hold up to 2 tons of crustaceans.

Blue whale When a whale emerges from the water to breathe in and out, it releases a fountain up to 12 m high.

Penguin Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly, but they swim very well. Penguins walk awkwardly waddling from side to side or jumping. Penguins eat fish.

Penguin King penguins are especially beautiful, weighing up to 50 kg and more than a meter high. They breed their offspring in the harsh winter. Nests are not made, and the eggs are held in paws, pressed against the fluff of a warm belly. In black coats In white shirts all year round This amazing people is walking.

Fixing the material What is the name of the land in the extreme south globe? (Antarctica). What are the islands of the Arctic Ocean called? (Arctic). These animals have tusks, with which they tear the seabed in search of the main food - small animals living in sea water (walruses). It feeds on reindeer moss and moss. This animal has horns. (Reindeer) These animals have a horn-tusk 2-3 meters long, which serves them to determine the temperature of the water. (Narwhal) This animal can build a lair out of snow. It feeds on fish and seals. (Polar bear) A very small animal, known outside the region for its beautiful fur. (Arctic fox) The largest animal on Earth up to 33 meters long. (Blue whale) A bird, but it does not fly, but it swims well. (Penguin) This bird does not walk well on land, but it soars over the ocean for a long time in search of prey. (Albatross)

D / I "Who lives where"

Didactic game:

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vegetable and animal world zones Arctic deserts teacher-defectologist SBEI "School No. 854" Kudrinskaya Maria Vladimirovna Purpose: to form an idea of ​​the flora and fauna of the Arctic desert zone, the relationship between plant and animal life and climatic conditions. Purpose: to form an idea about the flora and fauna of the Arctic desert zone, about the relationship between plant and animal life and climatic conditions. Tasks Educational:

• to form an idea about the fauna and flora of the Arctic desert zone (about the main plants, animals and the features of their adaptation to life in the Arctic);
• to consolidate ideas about the climate of the Arctic desert zone and about the dependence of flora and fauna on climate.

• visual development and auditory perception(on the material of the lesson)
• development of thinking (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and attention (based on the lesson)
Educational:
• formation of ecological consciousness of students (on the material of the lesson)

• Organization of the beginning of the lesson
• Updating of basic knowledge
• Reporting and recording the topic of the lesson
• Learning new material:
• Vegetable world
• Animal world
• Birds
• Protection of Nature
• Primary consolidation of the material covered
• Summing up the lesson

Barents Sea

Arctic Ocean

Chukchi Sea

East-Siberian Sea

Sea

Laptev

Kara

sea

White Sea

Wrangel Island

Franz Josef Land

Severnaya Zemlya

New Earth

Arctic Arctic ("arktos" - bear)

Arctic Ocean

Beluga - white whale

Wildlife of the Arctic: Narwhal - whale Wildlife of the Arctic:

Wildlife of the Arctic: Look at the pictures. Why do walruses have fangs? Animal life of the Arctic: Polar bear

Watch the movie and answer the questions:

• Where are seals safe?
• What does a baby seal look like?
• Who hunts seals?
• How is the bear adapted to life in

Who disappeared?

Animal world of the Arctic puffin

bird markets

Adaptation to life in the Arctic White coloration

Thick layer of subcutaneous fat

thick animal fur

dense plumage of birds

Nature Conservation of the Arctic Wrangel Island Insert appropriate words into the text: All inhabitants of the Arctic deserts have adapted to the harsh climatic conditions. They have (which?) ___________________________ fur or (which?) very ______________________ plumage that allows you to save (what?) ________________. Saves marine animals from freezing (what?) ________________________. Most birds and animals have (what?) ____________ coloring. She helps them be (what?) ______________________ on snow and ice.

thick, long

inconspicuous

thick layer of fat

Look at the picture and write down the answers to the questions:

• How many birds are in the picture? ___ Write down the names of these birds ______________
• How many marine animals are in the picture? _______
Write down the names of these animals ________

walrus, seal

Summing up: 1. Why is the flora and fauna poor in the Arctic deserts? 2. What plants grow in the Arctic? 3. What animals live in the Arctic deserts? 4. How have animals adapted to life in harsh environments? 5. What are bird colonies? List of sources used a) Borozdina T.A.: Geography lessons in the 7th grade of special (correctional) educational institutions VIII type. M.: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 2014. b) Lifanova, Podvalnaya: Geography lessons in special. (corr.) school: teacher's guide spec. (corr.) inst. VIII type. - M., "Enlightenment", 2013. c) T.M. Lifanova " physical geography Russia", Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2008. (Grade 7) d) T.M. Lifanova " Workbook on the geography of Russia", Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2000 (grade 7) e) image of a lichen e) image of a lichen http://nature-plants.com/lesnyie-rasteniya/lishayniki.html f) photographs of mosses in the Arctic http://imgload.ru/foto-mhov-v-arktike g) photographs of beluga whales http://tourism.karelia.ru/useful/otdyh_review/beluha_kit.html i) image of a narwhal http://www.mj.com.ua/info-bone-narval.htm j) image of a seal http://www.wallpage.ru/oboi_tjulen-38161.php k) image of a walrus http://www.proxvost.info/animals/polar/morzh.php m) image of bird colonies http://arcticexpedition.ru/index.php?tourname=place-power10046&photogallery=1&direction=PolalExpedition&powerplace=place-power174 m) image of a polar bear http://ultima-thule-w.livejournal.com o) image of eider http://odeialo.ru/odeialo_s_puhom_gagi/ n) image of a dead end http://www.photosight.ru/photos/3324170/ p) image of walrus rookery http://www.photoforum.ru/photo/376282/index.ru.html

Dear colleagues, in the middle and senior groups there is a thematic week "Animals of the Arctic", during which the teacher plans a variety of games, conversations, drawing on the topic. The presentation "For children about the animals of the Arctic" is aimed at introducing children to the inhabitants of the North Pole.

Educational presentation "For children about the animals of the Arctic" for older preschoolers

Presentation Tasks

1. Introduce children to the natural conditions in the Arctic;
2. Find out how animals adapt to different environment a habitat;
3. Activate the dictionary, promote the development of mental processes.

Presentation progress

Globe work.

Slide 2.

There are places on our planet where snow lies almost all year round, it is very cold and summer comes for only 2-3 weeks. I wonder who can live in permafrost, if only lichens and mosses grow in cold lands? By the way, these places are called the Arctic and Antarctic, or the North and South Pole.

slide 3, 4.

What is the Arctic?
This is the undivided realm of ice and cold. The icy waters of the Arctic Ocean, endless tundra, rocky islands with steep, ice-covered shores - this is what the Arctic is all about. Everything here looks harsh, gloomy and unfriendly. Strong icy winds, fogs, heavy snowfalls, polar days and nights are integral parts of this region. But among eternal ice and snowdrifts seething full-blooded life.

Slide 5, 6, 7.

The polar bear is the most powerful and powerful land predator on the planet. Neither lions, nor tigers, nor brown bears. Drifting ice is the home of the polar bear. Nature carefully covered the body of a polar bear with warm white fur. The skin of the beast is black or very dark. Beneath it is a thick layer of subcutaneous fat.

Fizminutka:

In the north, a white bear lives, (they walk in a circle)
But only, like a brown one, he does not suck honey. (torso twists)
Our Umka is trying to catch a fish, (depict fishing)
To eat deliciously and live - do not grieve. (stroking their belly)

Slide 8, 9, 10.

Walrus. This pinniped has a very broad muzzle. Thick and long mustaches grow on the upper lip. The eyes are small and nearsighted. The walrus really sees very poorly, but his sense of smell is excellently developed. There are no external ears, and short yellow-brown hair grows on the skin.

Slide 11, 12, 13.

characteristic hallmark seals are V-shaped nostrils. From them you can immediately recognize this animal, regardless of the color of the skin. The coloring is different. It contains brown, gray and red tones.

When swimming in the water element, seals use their hind limbs as a depth rudder and do not use them for rowing under water.

slide 14.

Guess the riddle:
What kind of predator is in the Arctic,
With silky valuable fur,
Swims great in summer
Not afraid of a person?
And be careful in winter
And leads nightlife,
Building burrows in piles of snow,
Circling in labyrinths.
He looks like a fox
Barks from afar at a bird...
Both the hunter and the sly one,
Who tell me? ... (Arctic fox)

The fox can't brag large sizes. In this beast, the soles of the paws are securely covered with hair. Prudent nature did this so that the animal would not freeze them. The ears are also wrapped in thick fur and are quite small. This does not prevent the fox from hearing perfectly.

slide 15.

He also has an excellent sense of smell, but his eyesight, like all dogs, is not sharp. The muzzle is shortened, the body is squat. If you need to give a voice, then the polar fox yelps. It can also growl to scare the enemy.

slide 16.

With the onset of cold weather, the tundra becomes hungry. Fluffy predator is forced to leave their homes. Part of the arctic fox rushes to the north into the Arctic ice zone.

Slide 17, 18, 19.

The reindeer's diet consists mainly of plants. In the first place is reindeer moss or reindeer moss. The animal takes it out from under the snow coat, scattering it with its hooves. Other lichens, grass, and berries are also eaten. Deer and mushrooms do not disdain. Eats eggs of birds, gaping rodents. It can also eat an adult bird, if it has the opportunity.

Fizminutka: "The deer has a big house."
Reindeer - faithful assistant and breadwinner of man. Domestic and wild deer look no different from each other. The difference is only in behavior - some are afraid of people, others are not, considering them to be their protectors.

slide 20.

The polar bear, reindeer and walrus are listed in the Red Book of Russia. To ensure that these animals do not become extinct and there are more of them in Russia, nature reserves. There, animals are protected, their characteristics are studied, conditions are created for life and reproduction.
Take care of animals!

Final part

Working with the Red Book.

Continuing to introduce children to animals northern regions view .

slide 1

In the Arctic. Flora and fauna of the Arctic.

Teacher primary school MOU "Semiluzhenskaya secondary school" Rodionova M.V. 2007

slide 2

Lesson objectives

1. Form students' idea of ​​the natural zone of the Arctic deserts. To acquaint with the peculiarities of the nature of the Arctic. Show influence natural conditions Arctic on flora and fauna. Learn about the animals and plants of the Arctic. Identify signs of adaptability of animals and plants to living conditions.

slide 3

Lesson topic message

Somewhere in the world Where it's always cold, bears rub their backs earth's axis. Centuries are floating by, Sleeping under the ice of the sea. Bears rub against the axis - the Earth is spinning. We are going with you to where the realm of cold, snow and ice! We are starting a journey through our country. Our route is from north to south natural areas Russia. Our scientific expedition goes beyond the Arctic Circle, to the zone of the Arctic deserts.

slide 4

check yourself

What determines the length of the day and the air temperature on Earth? Why are the conditions of life on earth not the same everywhere? How do the conditions of life on Earth change in the direction from the equator to the North or South Pole?

slide 5

The Arctic (from the Greek arktikos - northern), the northern polar region of the Earth, including the outskirts of the continents of Eurasia and North America, almost the entire Arctic Ocean with islands, as well as the adjacent parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There is an ice zone on the islands of the Arctic.

slide 6

The sun in the Arctic never rises high above the horizon. Its rays skim over the surface of the earth, giving it very little heat. That is why here is the realm of ice and snow. The climate of this polar region very varied. Cold gusty winds roam the silent expanses of snow. The islands are covered with a thick ice shell. Only in some places on the islands it is not there, but even here the land freezes many meters deep. The soil on the Arctic islands is almost never formed.

Slide 7

But not only the islands are covered with a thick ice shell, but the Arctic Ocean itself. In 1932 the Northern Sea Route was passed for the first time. Therefore, caravans of ships regularly move along the important route. They are driven by powerful icebreakers.

Slide 8

What a miracle - miracles: Heaven caught fire! Oh, it burns - the flame burns Above sparkling ice! Who lit the wonderful fire, the golden bonfire of heaven? There is no one behind the cloud. It's light pouring from the sky.

(Northern Lights)

Winter in the Arctic polar night. For several months in a row the sun does not appear at all - darkness! The moon is shining in the sky, the stars twinkle. Sometimes there are amazing beauty auroras- like a multi-colored, iridescent curtain sways in the dark sky.

Slide 9

Summer in the Arctic is very short. The polar day is set. It is as long as the polar night. The sun does not hide behind the horizon at all. But it occupies a very low position in the sky. The sun's rays fall so obliquely that they only glide over the surface of the Earth. Therefore, it is heated very weakly. Only the shores and the coastal part of the islands are freed from snow and ice in summer. The air temperature here at this time rises slightly above zero.

Slide 10

To life in difficult conditions ice zone few living beings have adapted. On the stones of the islands there are lichens, similar to scale.

But suddenly comes across a green ice floe. Where is she from? It turns out that there are tiny plants that can live on snow and ice. They are called SNOW ALGAE.

slide 12

K A M N E L O M K A Polar poppy

In some places there are SAXIFRAKE and POLAR POPPIES. To get more heat, their leaves are pressed to the ground. In saxifrage leaves are small, while in polar poppies they are cut into slices. This allows the plants to evaporate little water.

slide 13

In summer, many tiny green algae appear in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. They feed on worms and crustaceans. The accumulation of worms and crustaceans attracts a variety of fish.

brown algae

seaweed laurencia

Algae Spirogyra

Slide 14

The strongest impression is made by "bird markets".

Bird colonies are noisy crowds of many thousands sea ​​birds on steep rocky shores. From afar, one can hear the incessant discordant hubbub of its inhabitants. And close up, a striking sight opens up: countless large birds.

In our country, bird markets can be seen on the western coast of Novaya Zemlya and in other areas. Barents Sea, as well as in the north of the Pacific coast. They do not exist all year round, but only for a short time. northern summer while the birds incubate the eggs and feed the chicks.

Guillemot nesting

slide 15

Puffin Arctic Tern

The rocky shores are almost entirely covered with auks, puffins, arctic terns, gulls, and guillemots. From a distance, their excited voices can be heard. Many birds do not build nests, but lay their eggs directly on bare stones. Sheer cliffs are a reliable refuge from predatory animals. Birds feed mainly on fish.

Loon sea gull

slide 16

Snowy Owl

With the onset of winter, all birds fly away to warmer climes. Only white partridges and snowy owls remain in the Arctic. Partridges feed on bush buds, and snowy owls prey on partridges. From the cold of birds protect the subcutaneous layer of fat and thick plumage.

Slide 17

walrus striped seal

harp seal

Among the ice of the Arctic Ocean, there are seals and walruses. Most they spend in the water, so they are well adapted for swimming and diving. They forage in the water, and rest and raise their cubs on land or on ice floes. Walruses and seals are kept from freezing by a thick layer of subcutaneous fat. Seals feed mainly on fish. And the walrus also edible shellfish from shells, as it has strong lips that allow them to be sucked.

Look at the picture and explain how a walrus is different from a seal.

Slide 18

White bears

Polar bears roam the icy expanses in search of food. The polar bear is a predator. It is remarkably adapted to the conditions of the Arctic. Thick long hair, wide paws, White color fur ... What does all this mean in the life of a polar bear? Male polar bears roam the ice all year round. And females, future mothers, lie down in snow dens for the winter. Here, in the dead of winter, tiny cubs are born. In the den, frosts and winds are not terrible for cubs. Mother feeds with milk, warms. When the cubs grow up and leave the den together with their mother, the bear will teach them to fish, and then seals.

Slide 19

northern whale humpback whale

Huge sea animals live in the expanses of the ocean - WHALES, which feed on small crustaceans. One of the species is the bowhead or northern whale. It reaches a length of 15-18 meters. Like many other whales, instead of teeth, it has special plates in its mouth - “whalebone”. They serve to get food.

Slide 20

Arctic reserve. Located on Wrangel Island, it was organized in 1976. The island is home to the largest of the ungulates of the Arctic - the musk ox, or musk ox, brought to the reserve from America. This beast in the distant past lived on the territory of our country, but then disappeared. It has been preserved in North America. And now scientists have again decided to settle him on Wrangel Island.

After examining it in the figure, guess why it is called that.

The musk ox is similar to bulls, but stands closer to mountain sheep. Very thick and long hairline. The horns are very thick, curved at the base. Both females and males have horns. It feeds on lichens, mosses and herbaceous vegetation.

slide 21

One of the rare animals of the Arctic is the arctic fox. The color of the polar fox is both black and bluish-gray and light gray. True, for the most part, arctic foxes are entirely white, only there are black hairs at the tip of the tail. Arctic foxes have perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of the Arctic. In the summer they feed on small rodents, and in the winter they pick up leftovers from the polar bear's lunch. They get thrown by the waves sea ​​fish, sea ​​urchins dead baby seals. Seabird colonies are a source of eggs and chicks.

slide 2

Polar bear

Among predatory animals, the polar bear is considered the largest, weighing from 800 to 1000 kg. For the existence of a polar bear, three conditions are necessary: ​​ice, open areas seas and coastlines. The sea brings him food; the coastal strip is needed for the construction of lairs.

slide 3

AT normal conditions polar bears travel on drifting ice floes. Polar bears are attracted open water and polynyas on ice fields, i.e., places where seals can be found more often, which make up their main food. The sea for polar bears is their native element.

slide 4

The polar bear is perfectly adapted to the harsh conditions of the Arctic and semi-aquatic lifestyle. His short ears are pubescent and buried in wool, which reduces heat transfer. Its slender body, elongated neck and small elongated head give the body a streamlined shape, making it easier to swim and dive.

slide 5

A thick layer of subcutaneous fat and long wool from dense hair cover protect the body from cooling, which allows the bear to stay in the water for a long time. Wide paws form a significant rowing surface, so the bear swims well, picking up speed up to 5-6 km per hour. Sometimes it swims into the open sea at a distance of more than 150 km from the coast or the ice edge. Having dived, it can stay under water for about two minutes. Bear fur gets wet slightly, as it has a thick undercoat.

slide 6

killer whale

Killer whales live in packs. Studies have shown that none of the large animals have such strong bonds as in the killer whale family. There are several generations in the herd at once, and it seems that killer whales do not look for a mate outside the community. Cases of aggression within the herd are unknown.

Slide 7

All killer whales are divided into 3 genera - large, black and ferez. The most bloodthirsty is the big killer whale. All the feathered and warm-blooded inhabitants of the sea flee from her in panic. Indeed, a thunderstorm of the seas. Killer whales are painted quite elegantly: black with a white belly, throat and spots under the eyes. The black killer whale or, as it is also called, the false one looks like a large killer whale, only without any white spots. Reaches up to 6 m in length and up to 1.5 tons of weight. It lives in temperate waters, does not swim in cold waters. Ferez is a dwarf dark gray killer whale, its length is only 2 meters. It feeds mainly on small fish and is very rare.

Slide 8

Killer whales rely on hearing much more than sight and smell. The sounds they make are high frequency impulses. A person perceives them as separate clicks. For killer whales, echolocation is a means of communicating with each other and a way of obtaining food. Killer whales feed on squid, fish (including sharks), dolphins, seals, and penguins.

Slide 9

Noticing the victim in the water, killer whales rush after it in a group, from time to time taking off above the water. At first they go slowly, it even seems that they will not be able to catch up. But then they accelerate to 30 kilometers per hour.

Slide 10

musk ox

The musk ox or musk ox, as modern research has shown, stands closer to rams than to bulls, as was previously supposed. This is a rather large animal of dense build: body length 180-245 cm, height - 110-145 cm, weight - 200-300 kg. Females are about one quarter smaller than males. .

slide 11

The head is large, the muzzle is wide. The horns at the base are flattened, expanded and cover the forehead in males, then they bend down at the very head, and their ends are curved forward and upward. The coat is thick and unusually long, it consists of 60-80% down hair. The long spine on the chest and sides reaches 60-90 cm; covering the entire body of the animal, it hangs almost to the ground. Summer attire is dark brown, winter is almost black. In the relatively recent past, the musk ox was widespread in the Arctic.

slide 12

arctic tern

The Arctic Tern is a long-distance migrant, making long-haul flights from the Arctic (breeding grounds) to the Antarctic, where they spend the winter. This is probably the longest flight taken by any bird and means that the Arctic Tern sees more sunlight each year than any other animal as they experience a ‘second summer’ by traveling south in winter.

slide 13

They are very similar in appearance to the common tern (Hirando brisket), but to distinguish unidentified terns from known terns, ornithologists have coined dual names for terns. Arctic terns are slightly smaller than common terns and have a shorter beak and longer tail. The rump is white, the underparts are darker, and the wing lacks a dark wedge on the outer edge, which is key feature identification of common terns. During the summer, the bill turns bright red and the black tip fades, unlike other terns. Long tail headers also develop in summer.

Slide 14

white hare

The body length of the largest hares reaches 70 cm, and the weight is 5.5 kg. Longer hind legs allow them to make big jumps and run away from pursuit, and their wide feet when pushing off the surface create a strong footing without falling through the snow. In addition, by winter, the paws of hares are overgrown with long hair, forming, as it were, skis that protect their legs from getting bogged down in loose snow.

slide 15

In summer, hare hares are brown with a red tint and blackish ripples. In winter, they become invisible due to the change of brown wool to white. Only the tips of the ears remain black, but this does not betray the hares, as they stay near the snow-covered bushes, the dark branches of which, with their protruding ends, mask the hare's ears.

slide 16

arctic fox

Arctic foxes are commercial fur-bearing animals, which are sometimes called polar foxes. In size, they are slightly smaller than real foxes. The white fox becomes pure white only in winter, and by summer, cross-shaped dark stripes appear on its back and shoulder blades, for which it received its name.

Slide 17

In arctic foxes, the soles of the paws are completely covered with a brush of coarse hair, not excluding the fingers and heels. This is a protective device against freezing of the paws when moving on dense snow and ice. Rounded short ears are almost hidden in wool, which also protects them from cooling during severe frosts.

Slide 18

In summer, arctic foxes feed mainly on lemmings and voles, and also eat eggs, chicks, and even adult birds, in particular, white partridges, molting bean geese, etc. Near the sea coasts, arctic foxes feast on polar cod thrown by waves, mollusks, crabs, sea urchins. The commercial value of arctic foxes is quite significant: in fur preparations, they occupy one of the first places.

Slide 19

Seal

Seals are well adapted to an aquatic lifestyle and low temperatures. Their spindle-shaped body has streamlined contours without protrusions, since the head, devoid of auricles, is completely smooth, and the short neck between it and the body does not have a sharp interception. The extremities of seals with membranes between the fingers have turned into flippers and are used for swimming.

Slide 20

Seals spend most of their time in the water, moving quickly in it and deftly diving. Moreover, their front flippers act like oars, and the rear flippers act like a steering wheel. During diving, the ear openings and nostrils close tightly, preventing water from penetrating into the organs of hearing and smell, which are very well developed in seals. In the water, seals are able to make inaudible sounds (ultrasounds), with the help of which they detect prey. These sounds, like an echo, are reflected from the surface of the body of fish and are caught by seals. Although their eyesight is weak, their eyes are adapted to distinguish prey under water at low light brightness. This is facilitated by the large size of the eyeball with a greatly expanding pupil. Tufts located on the upper lip long hair(vibrissae) serve as organs of touch.

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The seal's coat, consisting of short, coarse and sparse hair, has no undercoat and cannot protect the body from cooling. This function is performed by a thick layer of subcutaneous fat, which also reduces specific gravity body and facilitates swimming. Seals feed on various aquatic organisms: some eat molluscs and crustaceans, others prefer fish. Being carnivorous animals, seals are similar in structure of teeth to carnivorous mammals. Out of water, seals become clumsy: on the surface of land or ice, they can only crawl with the help of their front flippers, while the rear flippers drag without taking part in the movement.

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Walrus

Walruses are among the large pinnipeds mammals. They are distributed throughout the shallow seas of the Arctic Ocean around the polar, but very unevenly. On average, the body length of walruses is 3-4 m, and their weight is about 1.5 tons. characteristic feature These animals are powerful tusks protruding above the gum by 0.5 m or more. Unlike elephant tusks (overgrown incisors), walrus tusks are fangs (2-4 kg each). In females, they are shorter and thinner. The meaning of the tusks was initially unclear. Some scientists attributed to them the functions of protection from enemies, others saw them as supporting devices that walruses supposedly use when getting out of the water onto ice floes. Now it is known that, with their fangs, walruses loosen the bottom surface, looking for food for themselves - this is their main function.

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Walruses are clumsy in appearance, but they are capable of agile movements both in water and on land. Their thick skin (3-5 cm) is covered with sparse coarse reddish hair. Particularly striking are the rough, thick, dense vibrissae on the upper lip, arranged in several rows. They are very mobile and serve as organs of touch, with which walruses probe food at the bottom of the sea (at a depth of 40-50 m), catching various mollusks, worms, crustaceans and, much less often, small fish. Like some seals, walruses do not have external ears. The ear openings and nostrils close tightly when the head is immersed in water. The flippers of walruses on the inside of the hands and feet are devoid of hair. Moreover, the rear flippers can be tucked under the body and, when moving, help to push off the surface of ice and earth. In water, flippers serve as organs of swimming and diving.

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Walruses are not afraid of the cold; in ice water, they do not freeze, because their body protects a thick layer (5-10 cm) of subcutaneous fat from cooling. Walruses can sleep not only on the shore, but also in the sea. During sleep, they do not sink in water, holding on to the surface with the help of a subcutaneous air sac connected to the pharynx. Walruses lead a herd life, arranging rookeries on ice floes or on coastal fast ices.

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Humpback whale

The humpback whale, or as it is also called the humpback whale, is an aquatic mammal belonging to the family of minke whales and the suborder of baleen whales. There are two versions of the appearance of its name. The first is its hump-like dorsal fin, and the second is its habit of diving with a strong arch of its back, further accentuating its hump.

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The humpback whale differs from other striped whales in the characteristic shape and color of the body, the shape of the dorsal fin, the size of the pectoral fins, the large "warts" on the snout and at the ends of the pectoral fins, and the uneven edge of the caudal fin. Longitudinal grooves on the throat and belly are large, they number from 14 to 22. The fountain of the hunchback is not a jet - with spraying, sometimes in the shape of the letter V, up to 3 m high. Pectoral fins, which makes it especially different from other whales, is very long, about 30 percent of the body length. They have thickened anterior margins and about 10 large tubercles each. But the dorsal fin is quite low - 30-35 cm.

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The presentation was prepared by a student of the 4th grade of the MOU secondary school No. 1 Dick Anastasia

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