Animal world of Khakassia. Animals of the Red Book of Khakassia
The conditions for the life of animals in Khakassia are diverse, therefore it is rich and diverse. animal world. I love reading about animals and I'm interested in everything related to them. Here you can meet the white partridge - an inhabitant of the Far North. In my own way appearance she looks like a chicken. In winter it is white, imperceptible in the snow, in summer it is motley. In summer, partridges feed on various herbs, and in winter - on the buds of shrubs.
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Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution
"Spring secondary school"
Animal world of Khakassia.
Performed:
2nd grade student
Borchikova Diana
Leader: Vyazovkina
Lyudmila Vladimirovna
C. Spring-2014
The conditions for the life of animals in Khakassia are diverse, therefore, the animal world is rich and diverse. I love reading about animals and I'm interested in everything related to them. Here you can meet the white partridge - an inhabitant of the Far North. In appearance, it resembles a chicken. In winter it is white, imperceptible in the snow, in summer it is motley. In summer, partridges feed on various herbs, and in winter - on the buds of shrubs.
Our forests are especially rich in animals and birds. Elk, squirrel, sable, deer, roe deer and bear are found in them.
Squirrel - a small furry animal, lives in coniferous forests, feeds on pine nuts, seeds of pine, spruce, fir and larch, berries and tree buds. She is constantly busy looking for food. For this squirrel, it either descends to the ground, or climbs a tree, or nimbly jumps from branch to branch. As soon as he feels that there is not enough food, he begins to move. Many squirrels die while crossing large rivers.
On the cedar, the squirrel quickly gnaws and throws cones with nuts to the ground, cuts the cone and eats the nuts.
After lunch, he starts harvesting nuts for the winter, hiding them in a hollow or at the base of trees. They hunt squirrels in late autumn and winter. Not only squirrels and martens feast on pine nuts. But also bears, chipmunks.
AT mountain forest lynx, Siberian Mountain goat, musk deer, ermine.
The elk is the largest of the deer. The body length of an adult male reaches 3 meters. Females differ from males in smaller sizes and do not have horns. The horns of the male have a well-developed paw, an expanded part and a different number of processes: the color of the elk is dark brown. The legs are long, thin, with large hooves, narrow and long, pointed at the bottom and set almost straight. He runs with wide two-meter steps, deftly maneuvering between trees, can overcome swamps, deep and loose snow. The elk will easily pass where the horse will definitely get stuck. Moose feeds on leaves, shoots and young branches of trees and succulent herbs, young needles. Moose are under special state protection.
Maral - artiodactyl beautiful, slender, mobile animal. It has a small, somewhat elongated head, in males it is decorated with branched horns, with more or less processes. The deer's neck is moderately long; a mane of longer and coarser hair grows on it on both sides. The chest is wide, strong, the tail is short. The color of the deer in winter is brownish-yellow and grayish-reddish. Maral feeds herbaceous plants, nuts, mushrooms and shoots of shrubs and trees. The maral has a well-developed hearing. Fast legs save the deer from enemies. The deer's horns are of great value. The deer horns that are still not ossified and have not completed their growth are cut off and used in medicine for the manufacture of medicinal products. This animal is under state protection.
In the dense thickets of pine forests, on the hills, in the taiga, on the islands of the Abakan and Yenisei rivers, badgers live in their burrows. This is a clumsy fat animal with short legs and large claws, with a nose like a pig's snout. In the hole he is always clean. It feeds on insects, rodents, chicks and bird eggs. But you never see a badger deliberately tearing up the holes of rodents in order to prey on them for food. Feeding on worms, the larvae are subject to this protection.
The Bears - mammals of the order of carnivores, they are plantigrade animals, when walking they rely on the entire foot.Brown bear- a very large massive animal. The head of this beast is heavy, lobed,sits on a muscular neck.The lips, like the nose, are black, the eyes are small, deep-set. The tail is very short, completely hidden in the fur. The claws are long, up to 10 cm, especially on the front paws, but slightly curved. The bear is curious, he has poor eyesight, but good hearing and smell.Bears possess great strength and endurance.The brown bear is a true omnivore, eating more vegetable than animal feed.; It feeds mainly on fruits, roots, honey, and fish.
The hardest thing to feed a bear in early spring when plant foods are completely inadequate. At this time of the year, he sometimes hunts even large ungulates, and also eats carrion. Then he digs up anthills, extracting larvae and the ants themselves.
At the beginning of the night, a dexterous and strong lynx comes out from under the uprooted trees or from under the rock, sweetly pulling up and silently stepping. Lynx bring great harm, destroying game animals: roe deer, musk deer, elk and deer.
The polecat comes out to hunt at night. It destroys mice and other rodent pests.
Ferret, long-tailed ground squirrel, steppe fox, jerboa live in the steppes. Ground squirrels cause great harm to crops. One gopher alone during the year can destroy several kilograms of grain. They need to be fought.
by the most dangerous predator is a wolf. Wolves live in packs. There are from 7 to 20 wolves in a pack.
The pack has own territory, which she protects from the invasion of other packs. They hunt together, a pack of wolves can drive and slaughter an animal that a lone wolf cannot cope with. Wolves prey on deer, caribou, and smaller animals. Wolves can eat berries and rummage through garbage heaps.
In our area you can also meet the red fox. She is not whimsical in the choice of food. She is ready to eat almost everything that is available to her, not only small mammals, birds, eggs, worms, but also seasonal fruits like blueberries, apples, even rose hips.
In 1938, 132 hare - hare. Now the hare - hare settled in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. in winter a large number of hares going near settlements. And busy roads. Rusak leads a nocturnal lifestyle, with the onset of twilight he goes for prey. It feeds on small twigs of birches, young shoots of hawthorn. Willow or poplar twigs. It is subject to protection.
Hedgehog lives on the edges deciduous forests, in thickets of bushes. In summer, the hedgehog does not build dwellings. The hedgehog goes hunting at dusk and at night. You can hear how he puffs, snorts and stomps. The hedgehog feeds on beetles, caterpillars, eggs of small birds, sometimes it catches mice, snakes. Poisons have little effect on him, so he can even eat a viper.
A wild boar is a large animal, about one and a half meters long, up to a meter high and weighing up to 250 kg. The wild boar lives in the most different places. They live in herds. The boar is an omnivore. He eats roots, plant bulbs, fruits, nuts, berries, grass, watermelons, mice. Eggs of birds, lizards. Wild boars dig a lot, loosen the soil, so where a herd of wild boars lives, there is always good vegetation
CONCLUSION
In the course of my work, I set goals and objectives for myself: to learn about what animals live in the rivers, steppes and forests of our area. The forest is full of life. It has many inhabitants. If you find a chick that has fallen out of the nest, do not take it. Mother will find, feed and warm. Do not take anything alive from the forest home. Look at nature with the kind eyes of man.
I came to the conclusion that animals need to be protected, there are very few of them left. Many animals are listed in the Red Book.
I would like to end my speech with the words of E. Yevtushko
Take care of these lands, these waters,
Even little epic loving.
Take care of all animals
inside nature,
Kill only animals
Inside yourself.
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MBOU "Spring secondary school" Fauna of Khakassia. Completed by: 2nd grade student Diana Borchikova Supervisor: Vyazovkina L.V. Performed
The beast is huge, The beast is fat, The beast is clumsy furry. The eyes are like slits, the tail is short only. He spends the winter in a lair, in the summer he wanders through the forest. The bear is curious, he has poor eyesight, but good hearing and smell. Bears have great strength and endurance. The brown bear is a real omnivore, eating more vegetable than animal food; It feeds mainly on fruits, roots, honey, and fish.
I'm jumping back and forth Deftly through the trees. Never empty. I have a pantry.. Squirrel is a small furry animal, lives in coniferous forests, feeds on pine nuts, pine, spruce, fir and larch seeds, berries and tree buds. She is constantly busy looking for food.
Runs through the snow - winds. By the summer, he changes his coat. It is not visible on the snow, The wolf and the fox are offended. Now the hare - the hare settled in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. In winter, a large number of hares gather near settlements. And busy roads. Rusak leads a nocturnal lifestyle, with the onset of twilight he goes for prey. It feeds on small twigs of birches, young shoots of hawthorn. Willow or poplar twigs. It is subject to protection.
Angry touchy Lives in the wilderness of the forest There are a lot of needles, And not a single thread. Hedgehog lives on the edges of deciduous forests, in thickets of shrubs. In summer, the hedgehog does not build dwellings. The hedgehog goes hunting at dusk and at night. You can hear how he puffs, snorts and stomps. The hedgehog feeds on beetles, caterpillars, eggs of small birds, sometimes it catches mice, snakes. Poisons have little effect on him, so he can even eat a viper
Red cheat Cunning, dexterous. Fluffy tail - beauty, And her name is ... (fox) In our area you can also meet a red fox. She is not whimsical in the choice of food. She is ready to eat almost everything that is available to her, not only small mammals, birds, eggs, worms, but also seasonal fruits like blueberries, apples, even rose hips.
A wild beast runs along the path, then it grunts, squeals, a caravan of children is with it, it is a forest beast .... A wild boar is a large animal, about one and a half meters long, up to a meter high and weighing up to 250 kg. The wild boar lives in a variety of places. They live in herds. The boar is an omnivore. He eats roots, plant bulbs, fruits, nuts, berries, grass, watermelons, mice. Eggs of birds, lizards. Wild boars dig a lot, loosen the soil, so where a herd of wild boars lives, there is always good vegetation
Day and night he roams the forest, Day and night he searches for prey. He walks - he wanders in silence, Ears are gray upright. (wolf) The most dangerous predator is the wolf. Wolves live in packs. There are from 7 to 20 wolves in a pack. The pack has its own territory, which it protects from the invasion of other packs. They hunt together, a pack of wolves can drive and slaughter an animal that a lone wolf cannot cope with. Wolves prey on deer, caribou, and smaller animals. Wolves can eat berries and rummage through garbage heaps.
Touching the grass with his hooves, A handsome man walks through the forest. He walks boldly and easily, his horns spread wide. The elk is the largest of the deer. The body length of an adult male reaches 3 meters. Females differ from males in smaller sizes and do not have horns. The horns of the male have a well-developed paw, an expanded part and a different number of processes: the color of the elk is dark brown. Moose feeds on leaves, shoots and young branches of trees and succulent herbs, young needles. Moose are under special state protection.
Less tiger more cat, Above the ears of the brush - horns. In appearance meek, but do not believe: This beast is terrible in anger. At the beginning of the night, a dexterous and strong lynx comes out from under the uprooted trees or from under the rock, sweetly pulling up and silently stepping. Lynxes bring great harm, destroying game animals: roe deer, musk deer, elk and deer. The lynx watches for its prey, jumping from behind a shelter. Able to pursue the victim for a long time. The lynx is listed in the international Red Book and is protected by law.
Leah Prokofieva
Summary of the lesson “Wild animals of the river. Khakassia" (senior or preparatory group)
Prokofieva Leah Vyacheslavovna,
Educator MBDOU d / s No. 20 "Dolphin"
Occupation« wild animals r. Khakassia» (senior or preparatory group)
Target: consolidate children's ideas about wild animals r. Khakassia
Tasks:
1.Correctional and educational: consolidate children's knowledge about wild animals r. Khakassia to introduce children to rare species wild animals r. Khakassia, listed in the Red Book, to expand the dictionary of signs.
2.Correction-developing: develop mental processes ( visual perception, attention, verbal-logical thinking, imagination, speech, activate vocabulary
3.Correctional and educational: instill in children a sense of love for wild animals and the desire to help them, teach them to listen to each other's answers.
Methods and techniques:
Verbal - story, conversation, explanation, tips, questions;
Visual - demonstration (showing a sample, showing objects, demonstrating paintings and illustrations, using TCO;
Game - game motivation, surprise moment, didactic game.
Equipment: multimedia installation, map Khakassia, Photo animals, masks animals, medals.
caregiver: “Guys, you all probably know how to greet each other. Now I will show you how you can say hello not only with words, but also with your hands.
The game "Hello"
Target: help children emotionally relax, tune in to work.
Management: the teacher shows a sample greeting (movement "palm to palm", makes sure that all children say the greeting formula, say the name of the neighbor and convey the greeting by touching the palms.
caregiver: “Guys, do you know how to solve riddles? We will check this now. Just let's immediately agree that we need to raise our hand, not answer in unison, listen to the riddle to the end.
A ball of fluff, a long ear,
Jumps deftly, loves carrots. (Hare)
Fluffy tail, golden fur
He lives in the forest, steals chickens in the village. (Fox)
She is small, the fur coat is magnificent,
Lives in a hollow, gnaws nuts. (Squirrel)
Walks without a road in summer
Near the pines and birches,
And in the winter he sleeps in a den
From the cold, hiding the nose. (Bear)
Who is cold in winter
Is an angry, hungry wandering in the forest? (Wolf)
caregiver: "Well done! All riddles solved! Guys, what were these riddles about? These wild or domestic animals? That's right, the riddles were about wild animals. Why are we these animals are called wild? Guys, it's not easy. wild animals, these animals are found in our republic. By the way, what is the name of the republic in which we live? That's right, we live in a republic Khakassia. Guys, what else? animals are found in Khakassia? (bear, wolf, red wolf, snow leopard, fox, maral, elk, roe deer, reindeer, Siberian ibex, mountain argali sheep, wild boar, sable, Siberian weasel, white hare, European hare, beaver, ground squirrel, squirrel) Well done!"
caregiver: “Guys, today I got a letter in my hands. Shall we read it?
Text of the letter:
Come urgently
Help urgently!
Miracles happen
We will not divide the forest.
help, come
And reconcile us urgently!
Signature: Lesovichok
caregiver: “What a strange letter! It looks like something is wrong in the forest. Can we help? ( children: "Yes!") Is everyone ready to go? Then take a seat."
Eyelashes fall
The eyes are closed
We fall asleep with a magical dream,
We fly to the land of the forest.
One, two, three, four, five -
We look with our eyes again.
Lesovichok appears.
Lesovichok: "Hello guys! Thank you for coming!"
Educator with children: “Hello, grandfather-forester! What has happened with you?"
Lesovichok: “Animals came to our republic from other forests. The guests and I were resting together in a clearing, when suddenly a hunter came and frightened us. All the animals fled, leaving only their shadows. Please help me figure out who is who."
The game "Whose shadow is this?"
Target: teach children to recognize animals by their silhouettes.
Management: The children take turns calling animal, whose shadow has appeared on the screen, check their answer. The teacher makes sure that the children speak in full, without interrupting each other.
Lesovichok: Thanks guys, helped out. Please help me, I'm confused. I need to separate animals from other forests from my own. But I completely forgot who came to visit us, and who lives in the republic Khakassia»
The game "Confusion"
Target: to consolidate the ability of children to differentiate images animals on a given basis.
Management: from the presented pictures, choose those that depict animals living in the river Khakassia. The teacher monitors the implementation of actions, helps, directs, prompts.
Lesovichok: “Thank you, friends! What would I do without you!”
caregiver: “The animals were delighted that you helped them return home and went to have fun in the clearing, I suggest you play too”
Fizminutka
Management:the teacher asks the children to choose a mask for themselves: “Guys, choose your favorite mask. All selected? 1-2-3-4-5, turn into animals! We are no longer people with you, we are now forest animals. Now we will walk in a circle and show how they move animals. I will speak the words, and you will finish the sentence. For example “A baby elephant was stomping after the mother-elephant”. All clear? Then let's get started."
Once upon a forest path
The animals went to the watering place.
A moose calf stomped behind mom,
For mom - a fox, a fox crept,
For mom - a hedgehog rolled a hedgehog,
A bear cub followed the mother bear,
For mom - a hare, rabbits galloped,
The she-wolf led the cubs
All mothers and children want to get drunk. Children go around
They go, stomping loudly
Sneaking on toes
squatting
They are waddling
Jumping on straight legs
sneaking around
Face in a circle, head tilts
caregiver: Did you like the game? Guys, you made such good animals, tell us about yourself: what are you?
The game "Which? Which?"
Target: expand feature dictionary.
Management: each child names three words of definition that characterize the chosen one animal. The teacher helps, directs, prompts, monitors pronunciation.
I am a snow leopard - fast, beautiful, fluffy, flexible, long-tailed, predatory;
I am a beaver - small, short-haired, sharp-toothed;
I am a deer - horned, flexible, agile, fast, herbivorous;
I am a bear - furry, clubfoot, strong, clumsy, big;
I am a fox - cunning, red, fluffy, beautiful, long-tailed, sharp-toothed;
I am a wolf - angry, hungry, predatory, gray, toothy;
I am a red wolf - fluffy, fast, toothy, red wool, predatory;
I am a white hare - white in winter, cowardly, long-eared, herbivorous, short-tailed, shy, fleet-footed;
I am a hare - brown in winter and summer, cowardly, long-eared, herbivorous, short-tailed, shy, quick-footed;
I am a squirrel - dexterous, agile, jumpy, thrifty, fast, nimble, playful.
I am an elk - horned, big, long-legged, herbivorous.
caregiver: “Wow, what animals we got! But we need to become human again. 1-2-3-4-5 here we are people again! Well, let's go to Lesovichka, otherwise he must be tired of waiting.
Lesovichok: "Well done! You have made great animals! I'm glad you came to my rescue today. Come to my forest more often"
caregiver: “Thank you, Lesovichok, for the invitation. Guys, unfortunately, it's time for us to say goodbye and return to kindergarten.
Lesovichok: “Friends, I am very grateful to you for your help. So that you do not forget me, I give you a small gift"
Children receive medals
caregiver: "Guys, let's thank Lesovich for the gift (children thank and say goodbye to Lesovichok) So, are you ready to go home?
Eyelashes fall
The eyes are closed
We fall asleep with a magical dream,
We fly to the land of the forest.
One, two, three, four, five -
We look with our eyes again.
caregiver: "Here we are in kindergarten! Where were we today? (In the forests of the republic Khakassia) Who did you communicate with? (Lesovichok, wild animals) What did you like most about the trip? Guys, you are all great, you did a good job. It was very interesting for me to travel with you. Now you can take your medals and go play."
Khakassia is a land of picturesque and truly unique nature. The republic is located in the central part of Eurasia. Difficult terrain with elevation changes from 250 m above sea level in the plains to 2969 m in the Western Sayan Mountains, combined with sharp continental climate the region allowed to preserve the unique natural landscapes in their original form.
Mountains with peaks covered with glaciers and snow, tundra, alpine and subalpine meadows, forests and steppes are concentrated in a relatively small area. The region is rich in swift rivers and deep lakes, grottoes and caves.
Flora
Heavily fragmented relief with different types soil layer, uneven illumination of steep mountain slopes and gorges formed the conditions for an extraordinary diversity of flora. More than 1670 species of higher plants grow here, from mighty cedars and larches to quivering forest orchids.
In Khakassia, there are plants of all types of vegetation: steppe, forest, meadow, tundra and marsh.
Of the steppe grasses, the most common are sedge, wormwood, feather grass, chi, pikulnik, and plants of the bluegrass family. Meadow plants are represented by forbs and cereals: meadow fescue, clover, yarrow, Jungar aconite, and others from the family of cereals and legumes.
The forest vegetation is dominated by coniferous trees: cedars, firs, spruces, larches, and only in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Khakassia birch grow, and very rarely - aspen and poplar forests with an admixture of willows.
Mosses and lichens predominate in the alpine tundra. Swamp vegetation is represented by reeds, reeds, sedges and mosses. On saline soils near mineralized lakes, akhnatherum and hemp nettle are common.
endemic plants
The unique landscape, clean air and virgin environment, untouched by man, are ideal conditions for the conservation of species that are sensitive to anthropogenic impact. Many relict plants grow in Khakassia. 28 species can be seen only here, these plants are endemic to the republic.
These are the Saxar birch, the Reverdatto backache, the narrow-leaved ostrich, the Tatar crail, the Khakass double-leaved, the Sayan Saussurea and others.
Fauna
Animals of Khakassia are also diverse and unusual. Giant moose, bears, deer, otters, snow leopards, wolves, chipmunks, etc. live here.
Among the mammals in the mountain dark coniferous taiga one can meet shrews, chipmunks, foxes, squirrels and sables. Sometimes weasel, Siberian weasel, ermine are found, but the populations of these animals in Khakassia are small. Bears, marals, Siberian forest reindeer, lynxes, wolverines are typical representatives of large animals in coniferous forests. Hares and minks live in the river valleys. Sometimes you can see an otter. Vole mice, moles, shrews, Djungarian hamsters.
unique animals
Among the plants and animals of Khakassia there are many unique ones. You rarely see them. 281 species of plants and animals of Khakassia are listed in the Red Book. The red wolf, Tuva beaver and manul are listed as probably extinct species. The snow leopard and argali are endangered, the population of the Siberian forest leopard is declining. reindeer. Animals such as the Siberian goat and the river otter became rare.
Protection and restoration of rare and endangered populations complete disappearance species, the conservation of the gene pool of plants and animals is the main concern of the employees of the Khakass State nature reserve established in 1999.
We wish them good luck in the hope of seeing animals from the Red Book of Khakassia in the wild in a couple of decades.
Khakassia in its vast expanses has many reserved places organized by the state for the sake of saving various representatives of the fauna, in order to increase their population. Because due to the active life of a person in the territory that used to belong exclusively to the local fauna, animals suffered. Of course, hundreds of species disappear not only through the fault of people, but humanity is guilty of this by seventy percent.
To date, in the territory state reserve Khakassia, only vertebrates have been studied, and the rest of the local nature is still a mystery.
One of these representatives, listed in the Red Book, which are under the strict supervision of people because of their small numbers, is snow leopard or Snow Leopard.
On the this moment their numbers are very small, there are about 1300 individuals worldwide. And in Khakassia, according to the data of the beginning of the 20th century, there were approximately 20-50 individuals. To date, only 5-8 representatives of the species keep within the republic.
The main factor in the disappearance of such a wonderful animal was poaching. The snow leopard has beautiful, thick fur, which is why it has become popular among illegal hunters. His skin is highly valued and in great demand. And demand, as you know, creates supply.
The impudence of poachers was, and remains, so great that loops for catching animals were found on the territory of the reserve, where hunting is prohibited. In particular, hunting snow leopard banned worldwide as part of a program to increase the population of this species.
Also one of the endangered species listed in the Red Book of Khakassia is river otter.
The otter also suffered from the hands of poachers. The illegal sale of otter skins is very common to this day. Hunting for otters is also prohibited, but it is also known that 12-14 otters are illegally killed a year. The condition of this species is not as bad as the condition of the snow leopard, but it is also close to dangerous.
According to various estimates, from 200 to 400 representatives of the species live on the territory of Khakassia. The data is different. Another problem for the otter is poor ecology and illegal fishing. Polluting the rivers, we deprive river otters their natural habitat. And abundant illegal fishing deprives otters of food.
Otters live on the territory of the state reserve of Khakassia, where they are monitored in order to increase the population.
Animals suffer every year at the hands of humans. We should be at least a little kinder to our smaller brothers: protect their natural homes, not create demand for the carcasses of Red Book animals, monitor the environment. Study this topic in class at primary school and prepare briefings and short reports to highlight the issue.
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