The unique and inimitable nature of Russia. What nature gives to man Oil, gas and coal reserves

Russia is a truly vast country. To get to know her well, you need to spend many years traveling in various places. Her extraordinary nature will never cease to amaze. This is true, since Russia combines many different natural and climatic zones. Many regions are very different from each other. The natural wealth of our country is also great and quite diverse. The article will talk about what kind of resources Russia has, will talk about their types and features.

Natural wealth - what is it?

To begin with, it is worthwhile to deal directly with this term. In a broad sense, natural wealth is those resources that can be obtained in a certain place. Thus, we can say that these are all the things and benefits that a person can receive from nature. All of them are constituent parts environment where the person gets them from. These resources have been used by man for many years various purposes Without them, the development of society and the emergence of new technologies in all industries would be impossible.

Probably, many will be interested in what the natural resources of Russia include. The answer to this question can be very broad. Among such resources, one can separately distinguish forest, water, biological, recreational, minerals, fertile soils and much more. All these components are actively used by people for various purposes. Thus, it becomes clear that the wealth of natural resources in our country is truly great. It has been actively developed for many centuries.

Oil, gas and coal reserves

Of course, the first thing worth talking about is the raw materials and fuel and energy reserves of our country. Russia's natural wealth includes a large number of deposits of such important resources as oil, coal, natural gas. Tin, aluminum, gold, nickel, platinum, mica and many other materials are also actively mined.

Interestingly, more than 20 thousand different deposits are already known in our country. If we compare Russia with other countries in terms of mineral reserves, we can see really interesting data. Our country is in 1st place in the world in terms of natural gas and 6th in terms of oil reserves. Basically, their deposits are located in the northern part of Russia.

It is also necessary to talk about such an important resource as coal. Russia is in 3rd place in the world in terms of its reserves. There are several areas where active coal mining is carried out. The main ones are the Kuznetsk, South Yakutsk and Pechora coal basins.

Other minerals

It is important to note other reserves of various raw materials in our country. Russia is rich not only in oil and gas, but also in peat, shale, and iron ores.

Peat in Russia is mined in many regions, both in the European part and in the Asian part. The largest deposits of this material are located in the Northern Urals and Western Siberia.

Shale sources are also being actively exploited. They are mainly located in the European part of the country. The largest of them is located in the St. Petersburg region. In addition to it, there are 3 more large shale basins in Russia.

Another natural wealth of our country is iron ore. On the territory of Russia there are many sources, for the most part they lie deep. Large deposits are located in the European part, the most famous of them is called the Kursk magnetic anomaly.

forest resources

We got acquainted with the minerals of Russia. Now it is worth talking about forest resources, which also constitute the natural wealth of our country.

If we talk about large green areas, they make up more than 40% of the territories Russian Federation. Coniferous forests are more common. They are found in about 80%. The rest of the forests are deciduous. Most often they are located in the European part of Russia. Coniferous forests are mainly represented by spruces, firs, cedars, pines. Many types of wood have great importance for industry and production. There is also one feature - this is the uneven distribution of forests on the territory of the country. Most of the green spaces are in Far East and Siberia.

Of course, the industrial value of forest resources is quite large. However, they are also used for other purposes. Some forests play an important role in nature conservation. They are water protection and sanitary zones. Some of them have the status of national parks or nature reserves.

Another group of forests are habitat-forming and protective. They allow you to maintain the right ecological balance in places where it is most needed, for example in major cities and other places with a large number population, dense housing and developed transport networks.

Water resources

So we discussed minerals and forest resources Russia. Of course, their list does not end there. Key natural resources include water resources, which are also very numerous in our country. These include all reservoirs that are used in the national economy. These include lakes, rivers, reservoirs, canals, seas, The groundwater and some other sources. Rivers have long been considered the most important, since they served as trade routes. The main settlements were located along the rivers, and large cities began to appear around them.

Now, most of the water resources are used to generate electricity. Many hydroelectric power plants operate on the territory of Russia. They provide electricity to a large proportion of the country. In addition to these purposes, water resources are also used for water supply, transportation of goods, navigation, recreation and others.

biological resources

Of course, it is necessary to pay attention to such an important component as biological resources. This is another element that makes up natural wealth. Man has long been interested in animals and vegetable world. Then biological resources began to be used for the benefit of society. These include different kinds plants and animals that are involved in human activities. We can say that they are evenly dispersed throughout the country. Lands are included in this group. The most efficient of them are meadows, as they are used in animal husbandry as pastures and occupy a large share of the territory of our country.

Our conversation will be about our health. The most precious thing in our life, in our World. From birth, we think about how to prevent, how to protect, how to preserve what we have - our health. On a hike, this need increases at times. Irresponsibility, lack of culture, negligence and, most importantly, lack of knowledge, both theoretical and practical, lead a person to health problems.
Your task is to arm yourself with knowledge and secure our presence in such vast world like nature.

At the very beginning of the campaign, you do not have questions about actions in these situations. They arise and very often create difficulties that must be overcome. Bruises, chafing, blisters of all stages, cuts, inflammation of the oral cavity - this is a short list that can be eliminated without the use of medications.
From ancient times locals Mountain Shoria, Kuznetsk Alatau, Khakassia used products surrounding nature, and coniferous trees to heal your body. Trees growing in the mountain system are a healing source, a natural pharmacy, both for humans and for the animal world. Using knowledge in the application of natural pharmacy, in a multi-day hike, we will be able to protect ourselves from many problems.
You and I come to an intermediate or final halt, which reveals all our shortcomings in tourist preparation. This is where we need to remember our fir, namely its resin. Along the trunk, along the bark, flows of different colors (from light, transparent, to dark brown) tar or, as it is also called, oleoresin. These resinous secretions of fir are the real natural wealth for human health.

Resin - the resin of coniferous trees - can be found in the forest on the trunks of pines, firs, cedars, fir, larch, for medicinal purposes it is best to use transparent resin, you can also collect frozen resin, but in this case, before using it, you need to hold it in a water bath for some time to make it soft.
Our conversation will be about resin, which we find on the trunks of fir, because. in the region where we lead a tourist lifestyle, mainly grows from coniferous trees, fir and, in rare cases, cedar.

The healing power of fir

Fir - tree softwood, which has a huge healing potential, grows in ecologically clean areas. Absorbing the juices of the earth - this tree seeks to cleanse everything around it, highlighting specific essential oils. A person, being in a fir forest, inhales air saturated with a coniferous smell. His lungs fill with elixir coniferous forest, cleansing the body from the acquired dirt of civilization.
Fir is one of the most useful coniferous trees. In medicine, fir oil is often used - a clear liquid, colorless or light yellow, very volatile, with a characteristic resinous odor.
In the pharmaceutical industry, fir oil is used to produce synthetic camphor. Its preparations are used in inflammatory processes, rheumatism, in acute and chronic heart failure, in collapse, to excite respiration and circulation in lobar pneumonia and other infectious diseases.
AT traditional medicine pure fir oil is often used to treat rheumatism, sciatica, myositis, neuralgia and colds. To accelerate the healing of wounds and stop bleeding, resin collected from the bark of trees is also used. The resin mixed with the bile of a bear or a wild boar is used for diseases of the stomach.
For rubbing joints with arthritis, fir resin oil is used ( pharmacy drug). For the same purpose, compresses are made from a decoction of fir needles: 10 g of raw materials are boiled for 30 minutes in 1/2 cup of water, filtered and brought to the original volume.

Lumberjacks and hunters have long noticed the ability of resin to heal wounds. If there is no first-aid kit at hand, then instead of a bandage or plaster, they put clean resin on the wound. By the way, the patch that we buy at the pharmacy also includes pine resin. People, observing nature, have long noticed: as a person has blood, so a tree has resin. Probably, the personification of resin with a certain vitality originates from here. Therefore, its action, according to popular ideas, is aimed not so much at improving the body, but at maintaining vitality person. Because with resin, i.e. With the blood of the tree, a part of his soul is transferred to a person.
In Russia, it has long been customary to chew pine resin to strengthen teeth, gums, and to disinfect the oral cavity. Resin contains many vitamins and minerals. Resin restores the composition of tooth enamel, protects teeth from bacteria that cause periodontal disease and caries. Chewing gum enhances the secretion of saliva, which helps to cleanse the mouth, strengthens the gums and the roots of the teeth. Gum helps relieve toothache.
Gum is taken in small doses orally for catarrh, stomach ulcers. Resin is useful for colitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis and enterocolitis. Resin improves the intestinal microflora, helps to cope with dysbacteriosis.
Resin resins are very similar in composition and main action; all resin resins are characterized by a pronounced antiseptic, analgesic, vascular normalizing, healing effect. But, nevertheless, there are some differences:

Siberian cedar resin is an excellent tool for stimulating and restoring metabolic processes and blood circulation in the brain, improves the integral activity of the brain, especially in atherosclerosis, injuries and other diseases with a clear violation of cerebral circulation (impaired memory, attention, speech, dizziness). It can be used in depressive conditions, in geriatric practice, senile dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Normalizes cardiac activity, including myocardial infarction. It is advisable to use in case of brain hypoxia caused by acute viral and microplasma infections, for example, tick-borne encephalitis virus. There is evidence of a preventive effect in tumor diseases: it increases the sensitivity of tumors to radiation and chemotherapy.

Siberian fir resin is a natural remedy for fighting various infections. It can perfectly replace some of the modern antibiotics. It is indispensable for infectious and non-infectious lesions of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines, nasopharynx and vagina (gastritis, stomach and intestinal ulcers, tonsillitis, influenza, sinusitis). Clears the skin of acne, boils and carbuncles. It can be recommended when treating the vaginal mucosa with thrush. It has a pronounced antitumor activity.

Recipes
On the bark of fir there are small tubercles, these are containers with fir resin. They are carefully pierced with a thick needle, and a few drops of resin are collected from each of them into a dark, tightly closed jar. Fir resin hardens in air, so it makes sense to immediately add vegetable oil to it and close it tightly. This stuff doesn't compare to a drug store. It is used for pain relief and disinfection of wounds, with a runny nose, it helps very well with pain in the gums, fluxes. Another remarkable property of resin is that it very easily penetrates the skin and promotes the penetration of other substances there. Therefore, it is indispensable for various herbal compresses.
Herpes: Usually, before the appearance of herpes sores on the lips, there is a slight redness and itching. Take a cotton swab soaked in a mixture of turpentine with any vegetable oil in a ratio of 1: 1, and apply to this place for 20-25 minutes.
Polyarthritis: After the hike, you need to go to the bathhouse to steam all the bones, and add coniferous broth with resin to the water (2-3 tablespoons of crushed dry buds and branches and 2 teaspoons of resin, brew a liter of boiling water, boil over low heat for 15-20 minutes). Disinfected Airways, bronchitis, runny nose, colds go away.
Chronic boils: soak a bandage with resin, put on the boil, cover with compress paper on top and fix with a bandage for 25-30 minutes. On the early stages furunculosis for the cure is enough one procedure.
Osteochondrosis, sciatica: mix 50g resin, 50g vodka and 50g olive oil. Leave everything for a week and rub sore spot(It is desirable to have the proposed version of the recipe ready for the campaign).
Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, heartburn: 3-4 drops per slice of bread before meals.
For the prevention of colds: it is enough to suck a third of a teaspoon of gum once a day after meals. The same method will help to stop a sore throat in 1-2 days.
With a severe cold: resin is dissolved in hot water and mix it with granulated sugar. Make balls the size of a pea from this mixture and dissolve after eating.

The term "nature" includes everything around: trees, lakes, mountains, seas, animals, flowers, etc. Thus, nature is something special, not controlled by people. How wonderful and rich nature!

People over time are closely connected with nature. During the pagan period, people were afraid of such natural sources as storms, thunder, earthquakes and downpours. That is why they made some sacrifices to mother nature, because the ancient people believed that they could get the favor of nature and make their life easier and better.

In our century, attitudes towards it have changed. People have learned to read the sky, to avoid the dangerous results of the "wrath of nature" and to explain all phenomena from a scientific point of view. Now people know how to treat nature for personal use - they have created hydroelectric power plants, solar panels, lighting conductors, successful systems Agriculture and other interesting things.

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Teachers of leading schools and current experts of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

We are constantly using Natural resources, and it helps us to survive, but they are not infinite, and we must not forget to take care of them.

Sometimes we forget about the beauty and richness of nature around us, because we are just used to thinking about ourselves and our interests. You can notice many wonders if you pay attention to them: the chirping of birds, the sounds of rain and wind, great mountains, green hills and bright sunlight.

I suppose that nature can be compared to a picture of art, or even to a master who creates all these beautiful and fantastic things around us. Nature is responsible for our mood and can make us happy and inspired or sad and depressed. Probably indescribable waterfalls, breathtaking meadows, meadows with flowers, mysterious mountains attract people's attention, because a person is just not most of nature and cannot exist apart from it.

Having visited the Crimea, the Chilean poet and political figure Pablo Neruda enthusiastically wrote: “Crimea is an order on the chest of planet Earth!” And indeed, if you look at it from a bird's eye view, you will see that the diamond-shaped Crimean Peninsula really resembles an order attached to the European mainland by a narrow chain of the Perekop Isthmus and the Arabat Spit. Historian Neil Asherson called Crimea "the big brown diamond"; The climate and nature of the peninsula were admired by all scientists, writers, poets and artists who visited Tauris. Let's try to talk about wealth in a few words Crimean nature and its features.

Position: between geography and geopolitics

Geographically located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, Crimea took a little bit from each of these parts of the world: in the north of the peninsula there are Asian steppes, and in the south - mountains and subtropics, reminiscent of the resort areas of Greece and Italy. The steppe zone, covering most of the central, western and eastern Crimea, begins in the Crimea - and stretches far to the east, up to Mongolia and Northern China. Not without reason in the Middle Ages this gigantic territory was called the Wild Field - it was from there that countless hordes of Scythians, Sarmatians, Huns, Khazars, Mongols and other nomads came to Europe. Crimea is connected to the continent only by a few narrow strips of isthmuses and sandbars, by waterways through the Sivash salt lakes in the north and east, as well as by a long strip of the Arabat Spit. Neil Asherson divided the Crimea into three historical zones: the steppe north, inhabited by nomads (body zone); the south, with its cities and civilizations (the zone of the mind); the mountains between them are the zone of the spirit, where the mountain principalities and monasteries were located. In his opinion, the steppe zone of the body always attacked the southern coast civilizational zone of the mind, and the buffer territory between them was mountain zone spirit. Since May 2018, in the east, Crimea has been connected to the continent by the famous “construction of the 21st century” - the Kerch (or Crimean) bridge.

The mountains

From the warm and humid southern coast of Crimea steppe zone reflect three ridges of the Crimean mountains: External, Internal and Main. Each of them looks typologically the same: gently sloping from the north, these ridges are steep from the south side. The outer (northern) ridge is the lowest (up to 350 m); The inner (otherwise - the second) ridge is up to 750 m high. The most picturesque is the Main (third, or southern) ridge with peaks more than a kilometer high: Chatyr-Dag (1527 m), Demerdzhi (1356 m) and Roman-kosh (1545 m). Another curious feature Crimean mountains is the fact that almost all of them end not with sharp peaks, but, on the contrary, with wavy plateaus, called the Turkic term "yayla" (in translation - "summer pasture for cattle"). total area yaila zones - 1565 km². AT Soviet time various projects were put forward for the reclamation of these high-mountain plateaus for subsequent use for agricultural purposes. By different reasons, they were not implemented, and now most of the yayla are nature reserves.

Water resources

The Crimean peninsula is washed by the waters of two seas - the Black and Azov. The duration of the Crimean coastline is quite large - 2500 km, however, about half of this space falls on the Sivash zone, which is practically unsuitable for recreation and swimming. In general, the water resources of Taurida are more than diverse: there are also mountain rivers, and lakes, and estuaries, and waterfalls, and reservoirs, and much more. Unfortunately, all this diversity is completely insufficient to provide residents and visitors of the peninsula with fresh water. The situation became doubly tense in 2014 due to the shutdown of the North Crimean Canal, cut off from Crimea by decree of the Ukrainian authorities. The longest river of the peninsula is the Salgir, which stretches for 232 km from Mount Chatyrdag to Sivash, however, the most full-flowing rivers are the Black and Belbek. AT summer time many Crimean rivers almost completely dry up. Another curious specific feature of the Crimea is the abundance of salt lakes with therapeutic mud; especially a lot of them in the north of Crimea. Despite the fact that it is possible to develop a medical and tourism industry here, similar to Israel, this resource is still underused.

Flora

The flora of Crimea is amazing and diverse: in total, about 2,500 species of wild higher plants grow here, many of which are listed in the Red Book. What distinguishes and distinguishes the Crimean vegetation? Firstly, about 250 species of so-called endemics grow in the Crimea - i.e. plants that are found only in the Crimea and nowhere else. Secondly, there are also many relics in the Crimea, i.e. vegetation species that have not changed for many millions of years and have been preserved in their original form. Thirdly, the Crimean vegetation has analogues among the plants of other Black Sea and Mediterranean regions - because of the similar climate, and also because about 1000 plant species were brought to Crimea by colonists from their place of residence. It is for this reason that the flora of Crimea has its current, diverse and amazing character. Of the most remarkable plants of the Crimea, it is worth highlighting Steven's maple, Stankevich's pine, yew berry, juniper, pyramidal cypress, Crimean thyme, Poyarkova hawthorn, wormwood, feather grass and many others.

The Crimean flora, as well as the fauna, can also be divided into steppe, mountain and south coast. In the northern Crimea and on the Kerch Peninsula, steppe vegetation and stunted shrubs predominate. Further, in the foothills, the steppe is replaced by the forest-steppe: not only shrubs, but also trees such as oak, juniper, hornbeam and pear are already appearing here. Further south, in the zone of the Inner Ridge, the woody diversity becomes richer, with oak and beech forests, hawthorn, sumpia, dogwood, ash and linden. At an altitude of 1000 m, already in the area of ​​​​the Main Ridge, the trees disappear: the majestic spaces of the yayla are almost treeless and resemble high-altitude steppe expanses. It is there that about 25% of Crimean endemics grow. On the southern coast of Crimea you can find a belt pine forests, which, in general, is not very typical for the peninsula. In addition to natural forests, a significant part of the Crimea is also occupied by artificial plantations, parks and botanical gardens. The most famous of them are Alupka and Massandra parks, as well as the founded H.Kh. Steven in the 19th century Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

Fauna

The animal world of Crimea is no less unique. Since the peninsula is actually isolated from the mainland, a unique complex of animal species has formed on it, different from the species composition of nearby Ukraine and mainland Russia. A specific feature of the Crimean fauna is high level endemism, i.e. the presence of species inherent only in the Crimea. On the other hand, it is extremely curious that in the Crimea there are not many animals living in neighboring territories. In general, more than 60 species of mammals live in the Crimea. The largest of them are the Crimean red deer, fallow deer and wild boar. For a long time there were no wolves in the Crimea at all, however, in last years there is a movement of gray predators to the Crimea from the territory of southern Ukraine. As a politically illiterate animal, the wolf does not pay attention to the state border drawn between Crimea and Ukraine in 2014. In the Black and Azov Seas there are three species of dolphins and - extremely rarely - a monk seal. There are more than 300 species of birds in Crimea. The largest are the crane, bustard, swans, geese and large predators: steppe eagle, black vulture, golden eagle, peregrine falcon and eagle owl. The best place for bird watching in the Crimea is the reserve "Lebyazhy Islands" in the north-west of the peninsula.

Insects

Entomofauna (insects) of the Crimea has, according to various estimates, from 10 to 15 thousand species. There are about 2000 species of butterflies alone in the Crimea! It is not for nothing that the lover of Lepidoptera felt so good in the Crimea - Vladimir Nabokov - whose first article on English language was just dedicated to the Crimean butterflies. Of the most remarkable endemic insect species, it is worth highlighting the Crimean ground beetle, the Black Sea marigold butterfly, the brilliant beauty dragonfly and Smirnov's horsefly. It is especially pleasant that both among the animals and among the insects of the Crimea there are practically no poisonous ones, and those that live there (for example, centipede, scorpion, tarantula, salpuga, steppe viper) are so rare that attacks on people are rare.

This is what natural beauties look like Crimean peninsula. There is everything for the most demanding traveler: mountains, sea, bays, waterfalls, steppes, salt and fresh lakes, natural and artificial caves, nature reserves and parks, unique endemic plants, trees, animals and insects. To make sure of this - pack your luggage, put things off, buy tickets - and explore our treasure peninsula on your own. Crimea is waiting for you!

Not a single country in the world can compare with the Soviet Union in terms of natural wealth - in terms of land suitable for agriculture, the abundance of minerals, and energy sources.

The greatest treasure of our nature is a vast fertile land, on which wheat and rice, flax and cotton, sugar beet and sugar cane, corn and grapes, tea and subtropical crops are grown. Huge pastures in all zones of the Soviet country - in the tundra, in the forest belt, in the steppes, in semi-deserts, in mountain alpine meadows - and developed field foraging make it possible to breed a variety of livestock and get meat, lard, wool, leather, milk, butter and others. products. Agriculture and animal husbandry - suppliers of raw materials for food and light industry. No wonder it is said that agriculture and animal husbandry feed and clothe us...

Everything living and dead on our planet, as you know, consists of the elements presented in the periodic table, and of their combinations. Any country always has a need for some element - iron, zinc, copper, tin or uranium, manganese, titanium, molybdenum or niobium.

Many countries are forced to import from abroad the minerals they lack. Our Motherland is an exception: in its bowels there is everything to fill all the cells of the periodic table. And everything you need national economy we have in industrial quantities.

There is, perhaps, nothing surprising in this: after all, our Motherland is a sixth part of the world. Consequently, it must also possess a sixth of all natural wealth.

But this is where the most amazing begins! It turns out that not one-sixth of the world's forests grow on Soviet soil, but one-fourth. Canada has the second largest forest area in the world after Soviet Union, but it has three times less forests than ours. The total stock of wood in our forests is determined by an astronomical figure - 50 billion m 3.

Most valuable trees represent wealth only if they benefit people, and do not rot aimlessly in the bud. The most fertile lands become valuable only when they are most occupied. useful plants. And any fossil, be it iron ore, oil, coal or peat, becomes really useful only when it serves people.

No other country in the world has such large areas under grain and industrial crops as in the Soviet Union. And from these areas we collect not one sixth, but about a third of the world harvest of wheat and beets; not one-sixth, but two-thirds of all hemp, four-fifths of all flax, and nine-tenths of all sunflowers grown on earth.

The deposits of minerals are also productively used in our country. They are also generously released to us by nature. Our country owns two thirds of the world's peat deposits. BUT iron ores in the bowels of the USSR more than in all countries of the world combined. Our country owns one-fifth of the world's coal reserves, and geological exploration finds new deposits every year. More than half of the manganese in the earth's crust is stored in our bowels.

Copper, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, niobium, beryllium, uranium, silver, gold - all non-ferrous and rare metals are in our country. Any wealth is usually converted into gold. But also in terms of the reserves of this precious metal there is no country equal to the Soviet Union.

However, our wealth is not limited to metals, oil, peat, coal or timber...

Such a deposit of a fertility stone - apatite, as in the Khibiny tundra, is not found anywhere on the globe. Phosphate fertilizers are obtained from apatites, and aluminum is obtained from their "waste", nepheline. We also have raw materials for phosphate fertilizers in other parts of the country, especially in Kazakhstan.

The USSR also possesses gigantic reserves of potash salts. They are nine tenths

world reserves. Grandiose deposits and table salt, mirabilite, asbestos, mica, sulfur, graphite, marble, fluorspar, asphalt, cement raw materials ... The Yakut diamond deposits are famous all over the world.

All these minerals need to be extracted from deep bowels, lifted up, extract metals from ores, process them ... For this, machines and mechanisms are needed. They are also needed in order to develop hundreds of millions of hectares of fertile lands, sow them, and harvest. Many machines and mechanisms are also necessary for the processing of our forest resources, for the development of giant peat bogs, for laying railways and highways, for the construction of factories and factories, new residential and public buildings, new cities ... Without cars, it is impossible to transport goods and people across our vast country. Many machines and mechanisms require industry.

And for all these mechanisms and machines to work, energy is needed, a lot of energy. In terms of its reserves, contained in coal, oil, peat, oil shale, gas, and in terms of water resources, our Motherland occupies a leading position among all countries of the world.

But there is another type of energy - wind, or, as it is called, "blue coal". Energy air currents over our country is fantastically great, it surpasses all the energy of our flowing waters and fuel deposits. Scientists have calculated that "on the territory of the USSR, with the help of a dense network of wind turbines, it is technically possible to produce about 20 trillion kWh of cheap electricity annually." So much energy could be given by two thousand such gigantic hydroelectric power stations as the Volga hydroelectric power stations - them. V. I. Lenin and them. XXII Congress CPSU.

One of the most important treasures of nature is water. This is the main lever of life, the basis of the country's welfare. No wonder the famous geologist A.P. Karpinsky, who from the first years of the revolution headed the Academy of Sciences, said: "There is no more precious fossil in the world than water." And our Motherland also possesses this treasure in abundance. 150,000 rivers flow through Soviet soil, among which are such mighty ones as the Yenisei, Lena, Ob, Amur, Volga... There are over 250,000 lakes in our country. Among them, the deepest lake in the world - Baikal and the greatest lake of the globe - the Caspian, which is so huge that it has been called the sea since time immemorial.